April 2, 2014

TE DAS for Rail and Tunnels

TE DAS and Small Cell Solutions

20.000+ TE DAS Deployments

page 2 /

INDOORS OUTDOORS

Airports

Canyons & Coastal Rail Convention Center Hospitality

Urban Core Stadiums Healthcare

Large Enterprise Campus Maritime MDU/High Rise

TE – DAS Coverage & Capacity Solutions Network Edge; In-building, Near-building, Outdoor

Subway

Enterprise

Underground Coverage

Hospitality

Residential

Base Station Hotel

Residential

Street-level Stadium Coverage

Courtyard

FlexWave™ Prism

Covered Parking

Retail Buildings

InterReach Fusion®

Small/Medium Business

FlexWave™ Prism

FlexWave™ Prism FlexWave™

Prism

FlexWave™ Prism

InterReach Fusion®

FlexWave™ Prism

FlexWave™ Prism

InterReach Accel®

FlexWave™ Prism

FlexWave™ Prism

FlexWave™ Prism

InterReach Prism®

Market-leading High Power, Digital Indoor and Outdoor DAS

High Power DAS Solutions

FlexWave™ Prism

‘Multi-Band Highpower DAS’

TE's FlexWave™ Prism is a new compact radio head for macro gap

coverage that supports up to four frequencies delivering high-

performance coverage with end-to-end management.

• All Digital Transport

– Superior signal quality and long fiber runs

– Digital Simulcast

– Digital Delay Setting

• Supports 2G, 3G, and 4G services within single RAN; SISO and MIMO

• Supports up to four frequencies per RAN

• Centralize BTS Resources

• Increase proximity of services to end users

• Supports Multi Operator Solutions

• WiFi Backhaul Host Unit

Remote Units

The Flexwave Prism

• Prism, DAS – Limited HW impact on-site

– Easy zoning

– Fast deployment

– Centralized Base Station Hotels

– Simulcast

– Adjustable digital delay

– Digital distribution, no degradation over distance

– Street deployment provides deep indoor coverage

– Provides high quality and data speed

– Transmission; SMF star or daisy chain

– GSM, DCS, UMTS, HSPA, LTE

Host BS1 BS BS

Base Station Hotel

Host 19”

Prism Outdoor unit, tri-band

Band or sector-1

Band or sector-2

Band or sector-3

Band or sector-4

GSM

Pris

m R

em

ote

UMTS

DCS

Free

GSM

Pris

m R

em

ote

UMTS

DCS

Free

GSM

Pris

m R

em

ote

UMTS

DCS

Free

GSM

Pris

m R

em

ote

UMTS

DCS

Free

GSM

Pris

m R

em

ote

UMTS

DCS

Free

Benefits of Digital Transport

• Superior Dynamic Range

– No signal corruption or

clipping

• Superior voice quality

• Higher data rates

• Higher SNR

– Superior signal strength

• Higher data rates

• Better spectral utilization

• Wider coverage areas

Analog

Digital

RF Noise Figure

Superior Signal to Noise Ratio Performance

FIBER SIGNAL LOSS Digital Optical

Budget

NO

ISE

FIG

UR

E

TE Prism IP / WiFi Backhaul

Host Unit

WiFi Controller

Remote Unit

IP Router

WiFi AP

Fiber Optic

CO Location Remote Locations

WiFi AP

• The Remote Unit has a network port to provide a 100Mb Ethernet link between the Host Unit and Remote Unit.

• The network port is type 10/100/1000 Base T / TX MDI and requires CAT5 min.

• This link can be used for any IP application:

• Wireless Backhaul - IP Camera - Transport of ancillary equipment alarms (UPS)

Prism Remotes

HDM Chassis

26

00

MIM

O

80

0

80

0

21

00

18

00

MIM

O

21

00

90

0

18

00

90

0

18

00

21

00

18

00

26

00

MIM

O

Small Cells, solution or problem?

Small cells

• Capacity is tied to the coverage footprint of

each cell

• No load sharing or distribution of capacity

among cells

There is a better way……..

Small cells are individual “islands” of coverage

and capacity, no load sharing – this is very

inefficient

Small Cells, solution or problem?

ODAS simulcast

• More efficient support of capacity

• Larger “hotspot” area support

• Lower OPEX (less license cost to OEM

• Limit Handovers and potential drops

• Adaptable capacity / coverage footprints

• Can support “Cell corridors” of fast moving

traffic, railway, motorways etc….

DAS is much more efficient use of resources

Small Cells vs. DAS, used on rail

Traditional cells on rail

• HO and signaling issues, multiple mobiles handing over at the same time

• Dropped calls

• Many cells needed to provsion for HO Zones

DAS on rail

• Creating “ Cell-corridors” solves the issues

• Reconfigurable remotely

• Only way for high speed rail

Digital DAS is the answer....

• Distributed Base Stations

– Inefficient Capacity

– HO Nightmare

– Need Space for BS

– Hard to upgrade

– Static capacity

• TE Prism DAS

– Effective Capacity use

– Limited HO

– No for BS

– Easy to upgrade

– Dynamic, future proof

Digital Simulcast

• Prism has the industry only digital simulcast feature – Maximize radio utilization, simulcast up to 8 Remotes per BTS Sector

– Digital features enable the addition of capacity & directing it through the EMS to the needed hot spots

without adding antenna sites or truck rolls

– Digital delay feature allows full simulcast adjustment without fiber spooling

• Coverage when & where needed – No need to throw capacity at a coverage issue

Sector 2 Sector 3 Sector 1 Sector 4

Maximize Radio Utilization Day 1

Sector 2

Sector 3 Sector 1

Sector 4 Sector 5

Sector 6

Add Capacity when Needed Without

Adding Antenna Sites

Capacity Changes

over Time

Each Cell Represents a Prism Remote

Prism applications for High Speed Rail

The High Speed Train Challenge

Penetration loss

• One of the main challanges is the penetration loss into the train

• From the side(A), it is ”only” the window loss (typically 5-20dB)

• From the longitudinal direction (A2, B) the penetration loss is typically

30-50dB

• Thie penetration loss ditactes the Link Budget, thus the distance

between the serving Base Stations

The High Speed Train Challenge for Base Stations

The Handover Zones

• We will need to procvide sufficient overlap between the cells to service the

handover zone.

• This is a big challange espicially for high speed train service

The High Speed Train Challenge for Base Stations

The Handover Zones

• We will need to procvide sufficient overlap between the cells to service the

handover zone.

• This is a big challange espicially for high speed train service

• The speed of the train is also a challange due to the dopler effect

• Base stations along the track is poor performing and a bad buisness case

BTS used along a rail line

Calculating the number of needed base stations

• 15meters mast. 40 dB of penetration loss, roughly a BTS for every 4 km along the track, or even closer.

• A 350km/h high speed train will move at 97.2meters per second,

• This leads to a handover every 41 seconds (4000meters/97.2 = 41.1seconds). keeping in mind that we

calculated a needed handover zone of 1750meter

• if we need to provide 18 seconds of valid HO zone (incl. re-tries we would then need 18 x 97.2 = 1750

meters of valid overlapping HO zone, and remember that throughout the zone both cells (serving and

candidate) would need to have sufficient level to fulfil the HO trigger and provide signalling etc.

• So even if you calculate the signal level to reach 4000m you will have to space the base stations

according to the overlap with an inter distance of the base stations of 4000-1750= 2250meters almost

doubling the number of needed base stations, heavily increasing the cost.

• If we take an example of 100km of track under the above conditions for a high speed rail you would have

a need to deploy 45 base stations, 90 sectors and 90 handover zones to optimize and potentially dropped

calls.

• If we are designing for multiple technologies, could be 3G and 2G in the same deployment, then we need

to realize that we have to design for the weakest link, so if one system could do with a base station

spacing of 5000meters, the other 4000meters then we would have to space the base stations

4000meters apart slightly overdesigning one system

STC

Presentati

on 2011

only for

INTERNA

L use in

STC

The High Speed Train Challenge

Prism DAS

• Via simulcast over several remote units, TE prism will limit the needed handover

zones

• In the handover zone, the prism remote unit will broadcast both serving cell and

handover candidate with controled level offset

• This solves the handover problem

• By deploying the remote units away from the track, the penetration loss improves

and the dopler effect is minimized,

Prism used along a rail line

• If we assume the same location and power level from the Prism DAS as for the distributed base stations

the difference is quite apparent.

• For Base Stations we calculated a need for 45 base station locations in order to cover 100km of rail track,

dictated by the need for the 1750m overlap between the sectors to assure a sufficient handover zone.

• With no handover zone we do not need to space the remote units 2250meters apart due to the need of

the handover zone, but can actually place them 4000meters apart as we assumed in the link budget. In

effect you will then only need 25 remote units not 45 base station locations – this is a significant saving

on the implementation budget.

• However there is more to it; assuming we simulcast the same sectors over 4 remote units we would only

need about 16 sectors, not 90 sectors like in the case of the base station.

• This significantly limits the number of handovers and possible dropped calls and with the controlled

handover zone by utilizing simulcast of the Prism DAS these handovers would be much better

performing.

• The Prism DAS can be optimized in terms of digital delay adjustment between the RU’s simulcasting the

same cell…. Not possible with any other DAS

• TE Prism DAS will save roll out cost and will be better performing than Base Station roll out

STC Presentation 2011 only for INTERNAL use in STC

Network Solutions

FlexWave Small Cell Aggregation, Transport &

Distribution

RF input for legacy services

Direct CPRI input from BBU

Distributed & Connected Small Cell Radio Heads

CDIU

DART

DART

DART

DART

Universal Host Unit

Baseband Pool

(BTS, etc.)

10 Gbps

2G

3G

4G

SISO

MIMO

LTE-A

10 Gbps Transport

page 25

TE Fiber Distribution Solutions

1 to 8

1 to 8

1 to 8

Host-to-Host Capabilities

page 27

CWDM,

DWDM,

or

SLC

1 to 8 BS Inputs /

Sectors per Host

Up to 600 MHz

Digital RF per Host

Optical Multiplex to Reduce

to Single Fiber Pair

2G, 3G, 4G

Base Station

Independent

RF Aggregation RF Transport RF Distribution

Protocol / BS Vendor Independent Host

Expansion Units and Amplifier (2W)

Protocol & BS Vendor

Agnostic

Analog to Digital or

Digital to Digital

Services Aggregation

Up to 40 or 3 GHz of

bandwidth over 60 Gbps

line rate

Multi-Band / Tennant / Service Host

Expansion Unit and Amplifier (2W)

Prism Host Units

• Efficient Digital RF Transport from BTS hotels to venues for

driving iDAS solutions

Information is TE Confidential & Proprietary

Do Not Reproduce or Distribute

Central Office

CWDM,

DWDM,

or

SLC

CPH Metro

The Copenhagen Metro Facts

The TE DAS covers the underground section of two 9 km parallel tracks as well as 8 underground

stations, in the center of Copenhagen, providing service in the most important part of the metro

system and connects Copenhagen City to the airport

The Metro and DAS services more than 1.000.000 passengers per week

The TE DAS Solution for CPH Metro

• The Metro tunnels are covered using 1 ¼” radiating cable

• Prism Remote Units feeds the cable , separated at about 600 meters distance

• The sub level metro stations are covered by antennas

• TE also supplied all the fiber optical equipment, main fibre cable, distribution boxes, fiber jumpers etc.

• The complete DAS is feed from a central Base Station Hotel

Prism DAS Remoter Unit CPH Metro Tunnel

CPH Underground Metro Station

The TEDAS Design

Central BS Hotel & digital transport of the RF

Service all 18km of tunnels

Sturdy optical link budget (26dB)

Adaptable simulcast scheme

Room in the remotes to upgrade to 3G, LTE etc.

No active elements in the tunnels

Save CAPEX and OPEX with central BS Hotel

CPH Metro Installation pictures

Central Base Station Hotel POI - Point of Interface, 9 cells, 3 operators

TE Prism DAS Remote Unit

TE Optical Equipment TE Prism DAS Host Units Wireless modem for remote access

Advantages by using Prism in CPH Metro

• The FlexWave Prism system replaces a legacy DAS that was having performance and

reliability problems. In addition, the older DAS had active elements in train tunnels – it

was necessary to maintain the active elements but access to the tunnels was severely

restricted

• The FlexWave Prism system eliminated active elements in tunnels and lowered the

number of active elements in the system from more than 50 to 13, significantly reducing

maintenance costs while improving reliability. In fact, the Prism remote units are

virtually maintenance-free

• Another significant saving is the removal of the 8 local Base Station locations deployed

throughout the Metro with a central Base Station Hotel, which supports multiple

operators from one central location, reducing OPEX and improving reliability

• The TE DAS Services 3 Mobile Operators (Telia, Telenor, TeleDanmark) for GSM900,

with room to upgrade to 3G and 4G in the same system

Conclusions

TE Prism DAS Conclusion

• The TE Digital DAS gives several advantages unlike

any other DAS supplier:

– Offers the most flexible and efficient use of fiber

– Field upgradable, IP65 remotes

– Reconfigurable simulcast plans, controled remotely

– Digital delay compensation, no need to ”spool” fiber

– Supports 2G, 3G, 4G and MIMO

– No degradation due to fiber loss

– Integrated IP backhaul over the fiber for local IP

services, such as WiFi

Host Unit

Remote Unit

Host Unit

Thank You!

Morten Tolstrup Regional Wireless Business Manager

Mobile : +45 2933 8298

Email: morten.tolstrup@te.com