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0002 : 9029 NACI

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l?nb ugc 'pql 9c lel 'e4s lqul conp 0u9ql ^pp

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0002 : 9829 NAOI

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cop l9l plnq:l c9e urll pp u?q !.gur lgno 9'6 tilr

0002 : 9tl9 NAoI

TGVN 6735 : 2000

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qu6t c0a chi6u dAy mdi han.

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thay 9.6.2 Phudng phip: Phuong ph6pki6mtra phii ld m6i trong cac phudng ph5p ghl trong phu luc J.

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/ung han chd trong vi6c kidm tra c6c mdi hen gi6p m6p khdng th6n9 hang vi kdt ca'u hinh hoc khong thich hdp.

9.7 Gic loqi qu6t ilic biQt kh6clang

C6c hrr6ng quet trung gian giira dgc vd ngang clLfoc thrJc hi6n khi c6 c6c khuydt tdt theo c6c hr-l6ng khSc

(vi du v6t nrlt chirV) tao thdnh m6t phdn c0a ti6u chudn chdp nhin.

10 D0 nhnY

{ 0.'l Qui dinh chung

V6i mtrc kidm tra 1, 2, 3, viec dat dQ nhfy cho kidm tra mdi han phii ctrfic ct6-i chidu vdi ctrldng cong

hi€u chinh bi€n cl6 khoAng c6ch (DAC) (xem phu luc K) v6i m6t chi ti6t th0 thich hdp c6 c6c 16 khoan

tludng kinh 3 mm ttl m5t ben. Outng cong phai drJdc hi6u chinh khi c6 sr, kh6c nhau v€ srr suy gi6m

s6ng trong vit li€u vd di€u ki€n bd mdt c0a v6t ti6u cdn kidm tra vA chi tidt th&.

Vi6c thidt kd chi tidt thrl, phrrong phSp v6 drrdng cong DAC vd vi6c s& dung c6c hQ stj hi6u chinh duocm6 tA trong phu luc K. Ndu hinh dang cr3a chi tidt th[, dung drroc dd thuan tien cho c6ng viec, thi d6nh6y cl]a n6 phii tu6n tu6n c6 mdi li6n h€ v6i rttrdng cong DAc la 3 mm cho ttdu dd dang ding.

chti thich - V6i m'c kidm tra 4, c6c phudng ph6p kh6c nhu he khoang c6chi d6 khuydch dai / kich thu6c vdt

h6ng (DGS) c6 thd drjdc Sf/ dung theo sU th6a thuan gi0a cac ben tham gia hdp ddng.

10.2 06 nhiy qu6t

10.2.1 Qui dinh chung

Dp nhQv qu6t ban ddu phSi d0 cao dd dim b6o ring td't ci khuydt tat dou dudc ph6t hi€n, kh6ng kd toaihoec srJ dinh hrr6ng c0a chung. D5t dO nh6y nAy theo 10.2.2 vd 1 0.2.3 vi kidm tai cdc khoing thdi giantrong qu6 trinh kidm tra.

Ch0 thich - c6c PhtJdng pheP ddt do nh6y kh6c c6 thd dudc sf dung khi chung atudc atdi chieu v6i cac chi tidt th0c6 16 khoan tv mat ben ta 3 mm.

10.2.2 Ki6m tra kim to4i cd ben (af!|u dd thing)

D6 nhqy quet phai dr/o. c d{t cho kim loai co ban trong virng kh6ng c6 khuydt t6t sao cho xung phin xadAy tht2 hidn thi vdi chidu cao chi6m todn b6 mdn.

Khi kh6ng c6 xung phin xa tu day do c6c b6 met kh6ng song song, do nhay qu6t phli d1ruc ttlt nhu dtr€n blng c6ch dirng mot tdm c6 2 mdt song song kh6c c6 c0ng chidu ddy vi ddc tinh suy gi6m s6ngrrong vit li6u..

10.2.3 Kidm tra mdi hin (ddu dd thing vi xi6n)

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Dg nhay qu6t t6'i thidu dr)ng cho kidm ha mdi han se phu thu6c vAo mr?c ki6m tra sir dung, loai qu6t s6

dirng, c6 nghia lA dirng tldu dd thEng hay ildu dd xi6n, vi ndu dr)ng ddu dd xi€n thi tim c6c khuvdt t6tdoc hay ngang.

V6i mrr kidm tra 1, d0 nhay qu6t tdi thidu phii drrgc afit at€n ddu hi6u c6 tap dm v6i virng kidm tra cr,rt

dai. D6 nhay ndy phii dt/gc ddi chidu v6i tl-rtng cong DAC cho 16 khoan ttr canh b€n v6i dt-rdng kinh3 mm di hi€u chinh cldi v6i stJ suy giim s6ng trong vdt li6u vA tdn hao do ti6p x0c vd s€ kh6ng dubcnh6 hon gi5 tri cho d bing 2.

Vdi mtrc kidm tra 2 vd 3, dQ nhdy qu6t tdi thidu phii drJdc det blng c6ch di€u chinh tt6 khuy€lch dai c0athi6t bi tdi gi6 tri mA itudng cong DAC d6 iLruc v6. DQ khuydch dai, sau d6 phii dr.rpc ting th6m nhblng gi6 tri dexiben thich hdp trinh bdy trong bing 2.

V6i mrrc kidm tra 4, d0 nhay qu6t tdi thi6u phai do th6a thuan

Ch0 thich - Kh6ng qui dinh at6 nhay qudt crJc dai. Tuy nhien ngay khi khong c6 y6u cdu dac bict, nen dirng m0cthgp coa nhiSu thidu tt 2 mm dain 3 mm trcn dLfdng gdc d6 c6 thd quan set atddc ving kidm tra cuc dai, vi didu d6giop cho ngudi thrrc hi6n nhin rcn man hinh su tidp xoc giia ddu dd, vat kidm tra trong qu6 kinh qu6t.

N6u ving chdt md r6ng ra hay nhi6u nhi6u qu6 ngen cin vi6c xic dinh 16 rdng c5c xung phin xa tirkhuydt tat gdn ddu dd d d6 nhay qu6l crtc tidu qui ttinh d tr6n, thi vtng kidm tra toirn bo sc atrjdc qu6tldm hai phdn, d6 nh6y duqc dat ri6ng biet cho m6i phdn.

11 c6c y6u cdu ri€ng cho c6c mdi hin girip m6p thEng hing tr6n tih vi dng

c6c b6ng tu 3 d6n 6 cho c6c y6u cdu v6 c6c md'i hdn thdu hoan toen duoc hdn tr:r mot phia hay hai phia.ching dudc chia ra lam 4 loai chidu ddy cho c6c m'c kidm ta 1ve 2,vd 3 loai chidu ddy cho mr?c kidmtra 3 Mr?c kidm tra 2lai dvac chia thanh hai mtrt nh6, m0c kidm tra 2A ciic mdi han d6 mai srn hoiintodn vd mfic kidm tra 28 cho c5c mdi hin kidm tra binh th!.rdng rrong trL/dng hop kh6ng drlg" n-,;;

"0".

IF

-

cc

h

ttcl

BAng 2 - C5c mr?c nhAy qu6t tdi thidu

M r?c kiCm tra 1 2 3 4

Qu6t ctdu dd thEng DAC + 14 dB DAC+g69 DAC+8dB Phudng phep

va mac theo

th6a thuen

Qu6t dd x6c dinh khuydt

t3t doc

DAC + 14 dB DAC + 14 dB DAC+8dB

Qu6t dd x6c dinh khuydt

tQt ngang

DAC + 20 dB DAC + 14 dB DAC + I dB'

') Khi c6 y6u cdu c0a hgudi mua (xem 3.3e).

chu thich 1 - Khi c6 qoa nhidu nhl6u 6 ao nhay tdi thidu d6 ddt, cdn dirng ddu do tdn sd thdp hdn. N€iu ten s6 ct6 thdpma ven con nhi6u thi vi6c tht chi tiep tuc khj c6 sU ddng y gi0a cac bcn tham gia hdp ddng.

ChU thich 2 - + c6 ngh-ra ta nhay hdn.

TCVN 6735 :2000

Mrlc kidm tra 1Blng 3 - Mdi hin gi6p m5p tr6n tdm vi dng:

UABVe ph6c

8A

ts€

:qr

cuc

iinh

uqc

c0a

nlra

CAch dua s6ng sigu 6m veo vedieu kign be meta) M6i hAn hai phia vA m6t phiacgn al6p Cng cac didu kien sau:Hai met dt dc mei i6i SP4. C6c matqua d6 thrJc hiCn viec x6c dinh kichthu6c khuygt t6t Phai dudc mai cucb0 theo SPs (xem phu luc B).b) Mdi hen mot phia

. Gi6ng nhrr a) nhlmg chi v6i mattren. C6c cn6 gd 6 chan dudc m6idi khi c6 thg

ctc{xl

Ch! thich - C6c cho trong bAng qui alinh slr quet trtnh bAy 6 day

lI

I

-i*'l

I

nOc

al6

trJ

u6t

ia.

)m

dn

Tifm / 6ng d{y 6 mm ddn15 mm

Mdi hin hal phia (rom c6ch dua s6ng st.u anr v';iro vediCu tiin b,d mft (a)

Hnn mgt phle (x€m cachdur r6ng iiau lm vAo...)

Qu6t tU hai phia m6i han Mat tron Mat du6i Mat trenKhuyet tet doc Alt BGl ldD*gdrb.(b 1dc AtlBGl l+*!6rU-61eKhuygt tet ngang (W Gl ldtoArE ddt hj6c 1 g6c

(W) gdn mat, 1 q6c(W) Gl khoa.E cech bjtc 1 g6c(W) sdn met, 1 o6c

Qu6t chan rieng rg (xemcho thich 1)

Xem chu thich 1a) hoAc'lb)(ngu 6p duno)

A 1 g6c (xem ch! thich 2)

Qu6t chirm tia th5ng D gdn met va met cdt deyd0 t ddu dd

D g6n mat va mat ctt ddyd0 1 ddu dd

Tem / 6ng dty 15 mm dgn 50 mm'Khuygt tat doc A O12 lfioang 6r h.ltc 2 g6c

A g6n m5t m6t q6cC G12 ltrF*p ddr h.6c 2 g6cC gen mat m6t q6c

AtlBGl ltu&€6rh!c2gtoA gen met mot o6c

Khuygt tat ngang (W) O-112 khoang c6chbt!6c 2 g6c(W) gdn mlt m6t o6c

(Xt 0-1t2 khoang c6chbtl6c 2 96c(X) qdn mat 1 o6c

(W) 0-1 khoeng cech bd6c2 g6c(Wl ddn mAt { 66.

Quet chen ri6n9 re (xemchU thich 1)

Xem ch! thich '1a) hodc 1b)(ngu ep dunol

A. 'l g6c (xem chU thich 2)

Qudt chirm tia thSng 0 gdn mqt, mat cltEy tttTam / 6ng d{y 50 mm del| 00 mmKhuygt tet doc A Gllz kneng cad| hnc 2 goc

A gAn mat m6t q6cC G12 ld|oang ca$ butc 2 g6cC g6n met m6t q6c

A G12 khodrE cadl h.6c 2 g6cA g6n mAt mot g6c

Khuy€t tat ngang (W, 0\112 khoang cach6UAc 2 g6c

lW) gdn mat m6t q6c

(Xl O-112 lihoeng c6chbu6c 2 g6c(X) q6n mat I o6c

(W) 0-1 khoang c6ch brr6C2 g6c/W\ din mlr 1 ^6^Quet chan riong re (xem

cho thich 1)Xem ch! thich lb) (ndu 6pqqn9)

A . 1 g6c (xem chU rhich 2tQu6t chDm tia thdng D g6n mAt, 1 ddu dd

!mEtce('dydr$rGuddF gen m6t 'l ddu dd O gdn m6t, 1 ddu do

D mat c5t ddy dr], 1 drdu ddTam / 6ng diy 100 mm dah 150 mmKhuydt t6t doc A C12 ldEarE €dr hltc 2 g6c

A gen mAt 1 o6cC e12 kh€rg cech hfc 2 g6cC gen mdt 1 q6c

Khuy& tet ngang (W) 0-112 khoang c6chbt!6c 2 g6c(W) gdn mdt 1 s6c

(Xt 0-112 kho5ng cachbu6c 2 g6c(X) odn mdt 1 o6c

Kh6ng ap dung

Qu6t ch6n rieng rg (xemcho thich 1)

Xem cho thich 1b) (ndu 6pdqns)

Qu6t chim tia th6ng D gAn mat 1 ddu ddD mat c6t ddv d0

E gen mat 1 ddu ddE mat cdt ddy aro 1 ddu d6

'Vdi chi€u dAy nh6 hdn 35 mm kh6ng yeu cau qu6t tU met dLt6i

chl] thich 1 - Trong trudng hdp mdi hen hai phia, khi chidu s6u coa ch6n mdi hen trudc khi han kh6ng vudt qu6 3 mm,chan phai dLfdc quet khong ldn hon,20'tu dr-tong thEng g6c v6i mar phang ch6n, ho6c nhu ta m6t phdn coa ki6m trachuns c0a mdi hen hoac khi cgn thr6t ra pndn quet tneri.-H6u crran m6i na"n ;A'qr;t;; ft;"=|i'na" JtiiE j,:ighai cech sau dAy.a) qu6t ch6n kh6ng t6n hdn 10o tU dudng th8ng g6c, hogcb) dnng ky thuat ghdp dOi v6i 2 ddu dd 45"

910 llich 3 - lons trudng hdp mo'i han m6t phia, chan phai dlldc qu6t vdi atdu dd 45" tan sd 4 MHz r6i sMHz khi c6th6 odu dd 70o c6 thd du'dc dalng_cho c6c m6'i hen chidu ddy nh6 hdn 20 mm, va ndu dd 2MHz ddn 2,s MHz d.ngcho mdi han ddy rr6n 1oo mm v6r-didu kien re ddu;;;;-tiiilii'irran siai ,oi

TCVN 6735 :2000

Ve phac8A

Bing 4 - Mdi hen gi6p m6p tran tdm vi 5ng : M|?c kiCm tra 2Arwr Cach dua s6no si6u am vAo vA di€u kiCn bC,ABmAt

a) n/di han hai phia vA m6t phia can dap Ungcac dieu kiCn sau:Hai mAt drJdc mai t6i SP3 (xem phu luc B).C6c mAt qua d6 thuc hi6n viec x6c dinh kichthu6c khuydt tat phai dudc mai cuc b6 theo

b) M6i han m6t phiaGi6ng nhu a) nhung chi v6i met tren.

i

Cho thich - G6c ch0 dtrinh

Tim / dng d{y 6 mm d6n15 mm

Mdi hin hai phla (xom cdch dua s6ng sieu am vao vediCu kiin bg mlt (a)

M6i hen mot phia (xemcach dua s6ng si€u llmvlo vi didu kiQn bi mit b)

Qu6t tU hai ohia m6i hAn MAt tr6n Met dudi Met tr6nKhuygt t6t doc A t6i B 0-'l khoang cach

budc 1 q6cA t6i B 0-l khoAng c6chbr.l6c 1 q6c

Khuy6t tat ngang (W) 0-1 khoang c6ch bu6c'l q6c

khoang c6ch brJ6c(w) o-l1 q6c

Quet chan riCng re (xemcho thich 1)

Xem chU thich 1a) hoec 1b)(ndu 6p dunq)

A 1 g6c (xem cho thich 2)

Qu6t chiim tia theng O gen met va mAt cat dgyal0 1 ddu do

D 96n mat va mat c5t dayd0 1 ddu d6

Tdm / 6ng dlly t5 mm deh 50 mmKhuyet tat doc A 0-1/2 khoeng cach budc

2 g6cA t6i B 0-1 khoang c6chbrj6c 2 o6c

Khuy6t tat ngang (W) o-lkhoeng cach brl6c2 a6c

(W) O-1 khoang cech bu6c2 q6c

Quet chen riCng rg (xemcho thich 1)

Xem ch! thich 1a) hoac 1b)(n6u ap dunq)

1 A. 1 g6c (xem chU thich 2)

Quet chum tia thang D g6n.mat, mat cet ddy dim6t dAu dd

D gen mat va met crt ddyd0 1 d6u dd

T6'm / dng dlly 50 mm d€'n 100 mmKhuyCt tat doc A 0-1/2 khoing c6ch brl6c

2 96cA qen met 1 ddu dd

C 0-1/2 khoang cach bLt6c2 g6c

A 0-1/2 kho6ng cech budc2 g6cA san met 1 ddu dd

Khuygt tet ngang (W) O-1t2 khoang cachbu6c 2 g6c(W) s6n mat m6t o6c

(Ct O-112 khoeng c6chbUAc 2 96c

(W) 0-112 khoang c6chbrJ6c 2 g6c(A) sen mat 1 q6c

Qu6t chan ri6ng re (xemcho thich 1)

Xem cho thich 1b) (ndu apdunq)

A 1 g6c (xern cho lhich 2)

Qu6t chdm tia theng D gdn mat, 1 ddu ddD mat c5t ddv d0 1 ddu dd

D gen mat, 1 ddu ddD mat cdt ddy d0, I ddu dd

Tam / ong ddy 100 mm deh 150 mmKhuyet tat doc A 0-1/2 khoang cech brJdc

2 96cA gdn mat 1 q6c

C 0-1/2 khoang cach bu6c2 g6cC qen met 1 o6c

Khuygt t6t ngang (w) 0-112 khoang c6chbr.l6c 2 g6c(W) gdn met 1 q6c

(xt 0-1t2bu6c 2 g6c(x) qen mat 1

khoang cech

qoc

Kh6ng 6p dung

Qu6t chen riCng rO (xemch0 thich 1)

Xem cho thich 1b) (ndu 6pdun0)

Quet chum tia theng D g6n mat 1 ddu doO met cdt ddv aro 1 ddu do

E gdn mAt 1 ddu dd

ChU thich 1 - Trong trudng hdp mdi han hai Ctria f<

chan phei dudc qu6t khong I6n hdn 2oo tU dudng thEng 96c v6i mdt phEng chen, hoec nhu ta m6t p'ndn c,tl ii6m trachung coa m6i hen hoac khi cdn thidt lir phdn qu6t th6;.-N6u chan m6i ha; vLrdt qu6 3 mm tnr6c khi t'an co tid Ji,n!hai c6ch sau d6y.

a) qu6t ch6n kh6ng l6n hdn 1Oo tU dudng thing g6c, ho6cb) dlng ky thuat gh6p d6i v6i 2 deu dd 4S".

91u $jch 3 -_IjolS jr,udlg hdp mdi han mot phia, chan phai dlrdc quer v6i ddu do 45" tdn sd 4 MHz r6i sMHz khi c6the. Dau do /u" co the dudc dung cho cac m6'i hnn bd ddy b6 hdn 20 mm, vEr ddu dd 2MHz ddn 2,S tVHz ding chomd' han day tren 100 mm vdi diiu kien td dd,J do ca kha ninq phan gjai t6r.

d

)

h

VC phecBing 5 - Mdi hin giep m6p tren tdm vi dng : Mr?c kidm tra 28

tzj tzt c

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Didu kien bd matSF1. Kh6ng y6u cdu m?risia mdi hdn tri/ trudnq hdDcCn thidt od lAm mdi cacngu6n.c6 thd gay xung phanxa nham lan

Cho thich - Cac cho trong bgng qui dinh sd qu6t hinh bay E day

l{m I 5ng d{y 6 mm di'nl5 mm

li6i hin hai phta Mdi hin m6t pht

tu6t tU hai phia mdi hanKhuy6t t6t doc ilEi-E-6r klr;ans c6clr

btJoc 1 g6c

Met dddi Met tr6n

-A t6i B O-1 khoafi cachbudc 1 g6cKhuydt tet ngang (Y) 0-1 khoeng c?itrtrrOc-

1 g6c cho dltdng kinh l6nhdn 250 mm

(Y) 0-1 khoeng Aah b,J6c1 g6c cho atljdng kinh l6nhdn 250 mmQuet ch6n rieng re (xem

cho thich 1.,)

Yah ^h"' t|ti^h r ^r r^?.----il-, s,r lr rsq aP

ounq):-i-

-.+.-

n t g6c lxem crrr:' tEEiTI-ouet chum tia theng

Ffgqq-gllffiTelnnuyet tat doc I

iO mm' j---;-;-:;;--ii_;-.....:-.-l-A v- r/z Knoang cach bu6c I

2 s6c I l,j:i,1j^.1 R64;s cAchKhuydt t6t ngang (Y) 0-1t2 kh;tns-;t;E

bu6c 2 c6c0-li2 khoeng A;h-bu6c 2 (Y) o-1 khoeng c6ch brrdi

2 q6cQuet chan ri€ng 16 (xe.mchrr t[ich 1) ^s,,r.u||U Lnrcn ta) (neu ap | _oung) I

n . t g6c lxem cnri-i6ic-F-J-Quet chltm tta thfig __----_--ram / 6ng ddy 50 nm d6h I

-T

00 mmA o7tTh6fis;act bG;2 g6c

Khuydt tet

2cf;/2 khoans ;---- ---'

I o.-riz r<rroAnOiecn oGi

? o0;/2 khoens c6ch bu6c

Khuydt tet ngang (Y,0-1t2 t<nodns iSlF-bUOc 2 g6c(W) gdn mat m6r g6c

ta, _v- r/z Knoang cach brj6c

z goc

-_=_----

\Y) O-1t2 khodng c6chbtl6c 2 g6c(Y) khoeng cech budc 1qocl..qer cnan fleng re (xem

cho thich 1)Xem cho thich 1a) hoec1b) (ndu ap dqnq) A . r goc (xem chu thich 2l

Quet cirim G tnlig- -l-;-^=-=-r-;-'l--v v-!/z Knoang cech br,f6c I2 g6c

I

lam , ong ddy 100 mm deh 150 mm

f

-Ai--l/rrrrro-5r;a;r'- buo_;l

2o6c I

Khl rvdt rai

Khuy6t t6t ngang \t I u- trz Knoang c6chbv'c 2 o6c

(Z) -o-

t rz riroeng;a;h' bG;Quet chen ri6ng 16 (xe.mcho thich 1)

ro, (neu apoung) Kh6ng ep dung

auet cir0m tiJlFEi!- Vdi chi€u ddy nh6 hdn 35 m

Cho thich 1 - Trono trudno h(ch6n phdi c,roc qu6t tnon-o tichung cOa m6i han noac kii chai c6ch sau dey.

a) quet ch6n kh6no tdn hb) d0ng ky rhu6t g66p d6

Ch.! thich 2 - Trong trudno hcth6 odu do 20" c6 tnd at6c imoi han dey ker tOO mm vdr ,r--l|.:

m kh6ng yeu cdu qu6t tt mgt (

tp mdi han hai phia, khi chidu :'l h.91.?0: tu drrdng rhing s6can rntet ta phan qu6t thCm. N6

Jn 10o tr.f drjdng thing g6c, ho:I voi 2 d6u do 4So

rp mdi hen m6t phia, chen ohatong cho c6c m6i han bd dd,/tiCu kiCn ta ddu do c6 kha nr;

tt!6i.

,eu coa ch6n mdi han tru6c khivdi mat pning ch6n, ho6c nh

u ch6n m6j hen vuot qu6 3 mn

I dddc qudt v6i ddu do 45" tdnbe hdn 20 mm, va ddu do 2MI phen gi:itd'r.

hdn khong vlrot que 3 mm,J ld m6t phdn cia kidm tra1 trLtdc khi han c6 thd dilng

sd 4 MHz tdi SMHZ khi c6Hz d6-n 2,5 Ny'Hz d8ng cho

TCVN 6735 : 2000

VC phac

Cho thich - Cac ch[t trong bang dd chi vi tri qu6t

Bing 6 - Moi han 9i6p m6p cia t5m vd 6ng : Ml?c kiim tra 3

Oidu ki6n bd m6t: SPIM6i hen kh6ng mai tfl:r khlcgn phai tam mdt c6c noudnc6 _thd gay xung phii xanhi6u

,

(

I

/

Tim / 5ng dly '10 mm do'n50 mm

ll6i hln hal phia Mdi hln mot phta

Qu6t ce fai phia m6r han MAt tr6n M6t du6i tut4iKhVyOt tat doc A 6i B A1t2 khoang c6ch

bt!6c 2 g6c'll2 khoang cach brj6c

Khuydt tat ngang 0-1 khoang c5ch bu6c 2g6c' 0-1 khoang cAch brr6c 2

Quet chen rieng rO (xemch! thich |)

Xem ch6 thich 1a) (ndu Apqu-!s )

A 1 g6c (xem cho thich 2)

Ou6t chim tia'Jhrngfam / 6ng dey 50 mm 1 mmKhuydt tAt doc A 0-1/2 khoAng caiir Orr6c

'| g6c A 0-1/2 khoAno c6ch bLt6c

Khuye't tet ngang 0-1/2 khoang cach bu6c tg6c'1/2-1 khoAng c6ch bu6c 1

g6c'

0-1/2 khoeng c6ch btrdclg6c'1/2-1 kho6ng cach bu6c 1

Quet chen ri6ng r0 (xemchU thich 1)

Xem ch! thich 1a) hogc b) A . 1 g6c (xem chU thich 2)

Quet chijm tia th5ngtam/ol 100 mm 1 mmKhuyot tet doc A 0-112 khoang cacn OLrac

2 g6cB 1/2 khoang cech budc 1

g0cKhuyet tat ngang 0-1/2 khoang cach bu6c 2

,t!!0-1/2 khoang cacn br_l6c 2g6c'

Kh6ng 6p dung

Quet chan ri6ng rE (xemchu thich 1)

Xem cho thich1b) (ndu p dung)

'1a) ho6c Kh6ng 6p dung

Quet chdm tia thdng- Khi yCu cdu b5ng ddn dAt hang (x€m 3.3 e)

chu thich 1 - Trong trudng hdp c6c mdi han hai phia khi chidu s6u c0a chen.mdi han trddc khi han khong vudt qu6 !mm' thi chen mdi han se dudc auet kh6ng l6^n hdn 20'tri piraJiuv,a-n vdt bd mat chan hoac nhu m6t phen kidm tra

:::* *" mdi han hoac ndu cdn tni6t coind quet r;;*-Ni6;;;; m6i han tru6c khi han vudt que 3 mm c6 z c6ch

a) qu6t ch6n nh6 hdn 10" so v6i dudna thino o6cb) ding kt thuet gh6p d6i v6i cac Cdu-Oo eSi -

g|"-lll"f 2 - Trong trudng hdp mdi-ian mot phia, ch6n phai dudc qu6t vdi 1 ddu dd 45. tdn sd 4 MHz t6i StilHz. odudo 70o c6 thd dudc dins cho cac mdi fin 9tr1A.u ue oay itroi ziimm, va odu oJ-eunz ie"l,jiaH;it"g cho mdi herday tren 100 mm v6i didu kien ta ddu do c6 kha na^g dnin ;ilitii

TGVN 6735 :2ltlXl

12 Ctcyiu clu rllng cho c6c mdl ndi il;t lin (tct - on)'0 khinu6n,i' ,q C6c bin9 7 6n 1lgui dinh c6c yOu c€u cho cac mdi hln xuy6n tlm tCu holn bln. Chring itrryc chia

ttrAnh cdc m6i tdn nMnh, hAn nhlnh ntr6 vA hln nl€nh cr,n th6o ttinh nghh A dii6u 2,dF theo d.5mklnh turng aldi cOa hai chi ti6t co bln holc trong tn6ng trqp mdi hln nMnh cut th€o rtr.dng klnh nhtt vlchi6u ddy ctu ch0ng. HAn nMnh vA hin nh6nh nh6 hi chia thanh hai khoAng chi6u dily. Mdi hcn n6nhcgt c6 mQt kholng chi€u d6y ./

M(r kiCm tra 1 coi nhr, kh6ng thrrc hion tlr.qc vdi m6i hAn nMnh cyt vl ld6ns tf tgp c{n ild ki6m tra ttrbOn trong dng.

f6c 1

r&2

h-5-'

ffilr6c 2

gue 3rmm: c6ctr

:. Odufi hei

23

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Bing 7 - lldi ndi ifft len. M6i han nhSnh: MOc kidm tra IVe phac

chi tie't B

l

Chr trdt A(nhanh, nhanh nhdhay nh6nh cut)

It

OiAu kiCn bd mat:LAm sach c6c ch6 gd(vdy hdn) 6 chan

sP7.

(i)

P] (U) t' Mat trong

Nhanh dty tit l5 mm dan50 mm

C6 thd tia'p can mlt trongAvi I

Chi ti€p can duqc mlttrono A

Kh6ng tiep can duqc mettronq nao

Mat ngoAi nhenh Quet Ql dCn Q, (0-1khoano cech bu6c) 2 q6c

Qu6t Ql dgn Q, (0-1khoeno cech bu6c) 2 o6c

Mdt trong nh66h AitqPl ldgc#'h.6)196cQuet P, (0-1) khoang c6chbu6c) 1 q6c

O€q Pl kEirgcdrh.(b)l g6c

Quet P, (0-1 khoeng cachbu6c) 1 o6c

l,ltEiTtra ldtrrgfi JfErl ir i:

MAt ngoai hay trong codcnl ltet E

Qu6t q tU mat trong 1 dau ddOuet R. t0 mat nooai 1 o6c

Qudt R, ti, met ngoAi I g6c

Oudng han Quet Fl, 1 g6c'Qu6t F., 1o6c

Qu6t chan rienq r€Qu6t at6 tim khuy6t tatnoano

Qu6t T tU dudng harn 1 g6cOuet U ti, mat tronq 1 a6c

Qu6t T til dudng han 1 g6cQuet U ti, mat trona 1 q6c

Nhenh c6 chi6'u dCy > 50 mmM5l ngoei nhanh Quet Ql dCn Q, (0-1

khoang cach bu6c) 1 g6cQu6t Q, (1/2-'l khoeng c5chbu6c) 1 g6c

Qu6t Q1 d€n Q, (0-1khoeng cach bu6c) 1 g6cQuet Q, (1/2-1 khoangc6ch brr6c) 1 g6cQuet Q1 (0-1/2 khoAngc6ch brt6c) 1 q6c

[,4at trong nhenh Qu6t Pj (0-1 khoang cachbr.f6c) 1 g6cQu6t P, (0-1/2 khoangcach bu6c) 1 g6cQuet P", 1 ddu do

Qu6t P1 (0-1/2c6ch brj6c) 2 g6cQuet P, (0-1i2cach bu6c) 2 g6cQuet P", I dau do

khodng

khoAng

MAt ngoai/mat trong c0achi ti6t B

Qt€t qturna bong 1 dau doOu6t R" ti/ mAt nooai 1 o6c

Quet R, tU mat ngoai 1 g6c

OUdng han Qu6t F1, 1 96cQu6t F.. 1 dau dd

Ou€t Fl,Quet F",

1 g6cI deu dd

Quet chan rienq reQuet al6 tim khuydt tetnoanq

Quet T tiJ dr.fdng han 1 g6cQuet U tU mat tronq 1 q6c

Quet T tU atudng hen 1 g6cQu6t U tit mat trono 1 o6c

' Trudng hdp dudng han d0 r6ng.

d

Beng 8 - Mdi ndi dft tin. tt6i hin nhenh: l,t0c kiim tra 2

chi tiai A(nh6nh, nh6nh nhdhay nh6nh cut)

Mdt trong

TCVN 5735 :2000

Oi6u kiCn bd mat:a) Mat trong A tidp candudc SP6. Mai chanb) Kh6ng ti6p c6n atlrdc mett.ong nao SP7

Ve ph:rc

sl

chi ra6r B

Nh6nh dty tU 15 mm

Qu6-t Ql ddn O, 1O-tkhoang cech orrOcl i gOt

Qu6_t Ql d6n e, 1O-1-khoAng c6ch btt6c) i gbc

Qu6t Q1 ddn a, (O.1khoeng cech brr6c) i o6cQu6t Q, (0-1/2 khoAng

MAt trong nhenh Quet P2 (0-1l2cach bLt6c) 1 96c

Qu6t P, (0-1/2c6ch budc) 1 g6cQu6t Pr (0-1/2

i/dt ngoei hay trong coi Qu6t 53 tit mat trong i Qu6t R2 tt mat ngoAi 1 g6c

Nhinh c6 bC dey > 50 mm

c6ch bu6c) 1 g6cQuet Q, (1t2-1 khoenac6ch bLr6c) 1 o6c

Quet Q1 d6n e, (0-jkhoAng c6ch budc) i g6cQu€t Q, ('112-1 khoang

Ou6J 01 Cdn O, 1+rkhoAng c6ch br.r6c) i g6tQu6t Q, ('tl2- 1 khoanqc6ch bu6c) 1 g6cQuet Q, ('ll2-'t khodnqc6ch brj6c) '1 o6c

khoang c6ch br.rdc) i o6cQuOt Or 10-1/2 khoAnocech bu6c) 2 g6c

Qu6j Q, cdn O1o-t

O.uf t O, (0-1/2 khoengMat trong nh6nh Qu6t P, (0- 1/,

cech bu6c) 1 g6cO_u!t lr (0-1/2 khoang

Qu6t P, (0-112cach bu6c) 2 g6cQu6t P1 (0-1l2 khoenocach br.l6c) 1 d6c

Qu6t 53 tr:t m6t trong 1 Quet R, tiJ mat ngoaf t g6c- Qu6t R, tU mAt ngoa t g6c-

Qu6t Fl, 2 g6c

Qu6t Q1, 1 ddu dd' Trudng hdp dudng hAn di r6n9.

25

TCVN 6735 :2000

VC phac

Blng I - itdi n5l dlt lan. M5i hin nh{nh: ilrtc kiCm tra 3

chi tigt A(nh6nh, nhanh nh6hay nh6nh cut\

Mat trong

Oi6u kien b€ rndt:

SP6. N6u c6c vdy hdn dchan drFc ldm sach, vi€cqu6t chan ri6ng 16 c6 thdlir khdng c6n

chi tidr I

Nh6nh d5y t& > 15 mm CO ttrd tiOp can mit trongAvi B

Chi tia'p cen drrdc mitttong A

Kh6ng tidp cln arugc mittrong nAo

Mat ngoai nltsnh Qu6t Q1 d6n Q2 (0-1khoang c6ch brf6c) 1 g6c

Qu6t Q2 (0-1/2 khoangc6ch bt 6c) 1 q6c

Qu6t Ql ddn Q" (0-1khoang cAch budc) 1 g6c

Quet Q2 (0-l/2 khoangc6ch br-t6c) 1 o6c

Qu6t Q, d6n Q, (0-1khoAnq c6ch brr6c) i o6t

Quet Q2 (0-1/2 khoangc6ch bu6c) 't q6c

Mat trong nhenh

Mat ngoai hay trong coachi ti€t B

Qu6t R, til mat trong I deudd (chi v6i bd ddy hCn sOmm)

Quet R2 tU mdt ngoai I g6c(chi vdi bd ddy tr6n 50 mm)

Qu6t R, ti, mat ngoei 1 g6c(chl v6i bd day tren 50 mm)

Dudnq han

Qu6t chan riCng rC (chi khic6c giot hAn dudc lamsacn)

Quet Ql, 1 g6c Qu6t Qi, '1 g6c Qu6t Qi, 1 g6c

23

TCVN 6735 :2000

Ve phac

Bang 11 - M6i n5i allt lan. Mdi han nhdnh nh6: M(c kidm tra 2

,chi ti6t A(nh6nh, nh6nh nh6hay nhenh cut)

02 /

Met trong

gidu ki6n bd mat:

Khi met trong B ti6p €ndddc SP6.

Khi ben trong B kh6n9 tigpcen dudc SP7.

C6c vdy hAn d chAn dudclam sach khi mat trong Ati6p can drJdc

o)o

P2 P]

H

chi ridr B

dng dlly ttr 15 tnm ddn 50mrn

C6 thC tiap can mlt trongAviB

chi tiep cln dudc mrttrong A

Kh6ng tie'p cln duqc mattrong nao

Mdt ngoai dng Quet Q1 dgn Q2 (0-1khoAng c6ch br.t6c) 2 g6c

Qu6t Q1 ddn Q, (0-1khoang cach bu6c) 2 g6c

Quet Ql d6n Q, (0-1khoang cach br.r6c) 2 g6c

Qu6t Ql (0-1/2 khoangcAch bu6c) 1 o6c

Mat trong 6ng Qu6t P, (0-1/2 khoangcach budc) 1 06c

xem chu thich

l\rlat ngoai hay trong coachi iidt B

Quet S3 tit mat trong 1 dduoo

Quet R2 tU mat ngoei 1 g6c

Oudnq han

Qu6t chan rieno re Quet Q,, 1 q6c

Nhdnh c6 bd d{y > 50 mm

Met ngoai dng Qu6t Q1 dgn Q, (0-1khoang c5ch budc) 1 g6c

Quet Q2 ('1l2-'l khoang cSchbudc) 1 q6c

Qu6t Qr dgn Q, (0-1khoang cech bu6c) 1 g6c

Quet Q, (1/2-1 khoangc6cb brJ6c) 1 o6c

Qu6t Qr d6n Q, (0-'lkhoang c6ch bu6c) 2 g6c

Quet Q1 (0-1/2 khoangc6ch bLtdc) 1 o6c

Phia trong 6ng Quet Pr (0-1/2 khoAngc6ch brJdc) 1 96cQuet P, (0-1/2 khoengc6ch budc) 1 o6c

Quet P1 (0-1/2 khoengc6ch bu6c) 1 g6c

Qu6t P2 (0-1/2 khoengcach brJdc) 2 o6c

Xem ch! thich

MAt ngoai/mat trong c0achi ti6t B

Qu€t 53 tU m5t trong 1 dAudo

Qu6t R, tU mat ngoAi '1 g6c

Oudng han Quet F,, 1 g6c Qu6t F1, 1 goc

Quet F.. 1 a6cQuet ch6n rieno re Qudt Q.. 1

chu thich - Khi khOng tidp can dudc tit ben trong, mr?c-kidm tra phAr gidm xuOng. Dac bret vdr dng ddy hdn sO mmkha ntng ph6t hien cdc khuyEt tat doc theo mdt b6n B giem m6t cich dlng kd

28

V6 ph6c

Bing 12 - m6i n6i dlt l6n. [5i han nh6nh nh6: flric kiCm tra 3

Chi trdt B

chi tidt A(nhdnh, nh6nh nhihay nh6nh cut)

/cr c2 /

Mdt trong

TCVN 6735 : 2000

oidu kien bC met:

SP6. N6u c6c vdy hAn &chan dwc lam sach, vi6cqu6t chan ri6ng ra co th6 lAkh6ng cdn.

tc

o

{

|tl

Il,"1--1

--1

T-l-

I

---l

"l-1

-l

T

6ng tldy hon l5 m/m C6 thd tidp cln mlr trongA.vA B

Kh6ng tlep cln durr. c mit

Met ngoAi dng Qu6t Qr d6n Q, (0-1khoang cAch brr6cy i g6t

Quet Q? (1/2-1 khogng

Qu6t Q, dgn Q, (0-1khoAng c6ch Urr6c1 i g6t

Qu6t Qz (1/2-1 khoang

Quet Q, d6n Q, (O-1khoAng c6ch br.r6c) i gtit

Quet Q2 (l/2-1 khoang

MEt ngoAi hay irong coa

Qu6t chen ri6n9 re (chi khivAy han dudc lAm sach)

TCVN 6735 : 2000

ve ph6c

VC phac

Bang 13 - rrSi n6i dft lon. Mdi han nh6nh cgt; M|'c kiatm t.a 2

Chr ti6t B

chi tiSr A(nh6nh, nhenh nhbhay nh6nh cut)

Bing 14 - Mdi ndi dlt t6n. M6i han nh6nh cut: M|i'c kidm tra 3

chi ridt B

chi tidt A

MAt trong

Oidu kien bd matSP6. Ndu cac vdy hin dchan dlrdc lam sach, viecquet chan ri6ng re c6 thg lakh6ng cen.

q)co

Oidu kien bd mat:SP6. N5u c5c vdy hAn d

ch6n dudc lam sach, viecqu€t ch6n ri6ng re c6 thd la

kh6ng cdn.

MAt trong

Nhanh crit dly tU 5 mmd6; 15 mm

C6 thg ti6p can mlt trongAviB

Chi tiep cAn duqc mittronq A

Kh6ng tiap can atudc mittrono nao

Mat ngoai nhenh cut Quet Q1 dgn Q, (0-1khoano cech brj6c) 2 o6c

Quet Q1 ddn Q, (0-1khoanq c6ch bri6c) 2 q6c

Qu€t Q1 d6n Q, (0-khoano c6ch brj6c) 2 o6c

Qu6t chen riCng re Ou6t Qr, 1 g6c Qu6t Ql, 1 g6c Qu6t Ql, '1 g6c

(nhanh, nh6nh nh6hay nh6nh cut)

Nhenh cgt dty tit 5 mmd6'n 15 mm

C6 th6 tiep can mit trongAvaB

Chi ti6'p can duqc mittrong A

Kh6ng tiep cln duoc mftronc nAo

Mtt ngoei nh6nh cut Qu6t 01 itSn Q. (0-'lkhoAno cAch bu6c) 1 o6c

Qu6t Qr dgn Q, (0-1khoano c6ch brj6c) '1 o6c

Qu6t Ql dgn O, (0-

khoAno cach brJ6c) 1 o6c

Qu6t chAn rieng rc Qu6t Ql, 1 g6c Qu6t Q1, 1 g6c Qu6t 01, 1 g6c

lndviec

hd ia

TCVN 6735 : 2000

13 Gicyiu cdu ri6ng cho cac mdi ndi not

C6c blng 15 vd 16 qui dinh c5c y6u c6u cho c6c mdi hAn ngdu hodn toAn coa c6c nrtii han n0t (xem

2.3) drlEc dat kh6ng theo g6c xuy6n tilm trong m6t kholng chi6u ddy. Mrrc kidm tra 1 coi nhu khdng 5p

dung cho cdp k6t cdu nAy vi lf do hinh hoc.

Blng 15 - Ctc mdi ndi nrit. Mrlc kidm tra 2

OiCu kion bC mat SPO

Mlt trong

mlt

to-T6e

chi ti6r A

Chiiu d6v vlt liau l5 mm d6-n

Qu6t Q1 (0-1/2 khoAng c6ch brrdc) 3 96c

Quet Pl (0-1/2 khoeng c6ch budc) 3 g6c

n6u ben tfong A kh6ng tigp cgn dudc:

c6ch kh6c qu6t Q, (1/2-1 khoAng cech bu6c) 2

Quet 53, 1 dgu d0

Quet Sr, 1 g6c

chu thich - Mr?c kidm tra 1 thudno kh6ng 6p dung cho loai kdt c{u nay tru khi c6 srl chu6n bi dec biet. Ndu mat trongchi ti6r B cuns kh6ng ti6p can arroi cd qiet, K,3;1; ;t"=2'il;;ths fi,,r" nien d,-ro".

mli

(G1

31

7i

TGVN6735:aXXl

Vs phrc

Bang 1! - Caa m6l n5l n6t. Irlt tllm tn 2

O*j hqn ba mfr spo

II

Irs

chi ri6r A

Mgt trong

Chllu dly v|t nF 15 mm alln IOO mm

chi fl6t A Qu5t O,, (0-'l/2 khoang c6ch bu6c) 3 9i5c

Ou6t Pr (0-1/2 khoang cech h.6c) 3 g6c

ndu mat trong A khong tl6p cen dupc:

c6ch khac quitt Qr ('ll2-t kholng c6ch buuc) 2g6c

chi ri6t B

32

P6

TCVN 6735 : 2000

i4 CAc y6u cdu ri6ng cho cic mdi ndi 5ng xuy6n qua

C6c bing 17 ddn 22 qui itinh c6c y€u cdu cho c6c mdi hdn xuy6n t6m ngdu hoin todn hoic mQt phdn

trong m6t khoAng chi€u ddy. Ch6ng dWc chia thanh c6c mdi hin mOt phia hodc hai phia.

Blng 17 - c6c m6'i hdn xuyln qua. MOt phla: Ulls kiCm tra 1

Ve Ph,rc chi ti€t B

oi6u kien bd mat:

a) Chi6u ddy tdi 50 mm hay v6i c6chdua s6ng sieu am veo tU ben trongA> SP6. Lam sach cac gd ghd EchAn

b) Chigu ddy que 50 mm va kh6ngdLra s6ng sieu am vao tiJ ben trongA. SP7. Lem sach c6c gd ghd E ch6n

'i' \,

Mdt trong

chi ridr A(nh6nh nhd)

ot

Y

aD.

chiCu ddy nhinh nh6 tU 15 mmd6-n 100 mm

C6 thC ti6ir cln ben trong A Khong thC tiep cfn b6n trong A

Bd met nhanh nh6 Quet O,, 1 o6c hoec qu6t P,, 1 o6c Quet Q,, 1 q6c

BCn trong nh6nh nh6 Qu6t Pl, 1 g6c hoac qu6t Q2, 1 g6c

Ou6t P., 1 deu do

Mat trong hay ngoai ctla chi tigtB

Qu6t Sr (0-1/2 khoang c6ch bu6c) 2 g6choSc qu6t R., itdn fu (0-1 khoAng c6chbudc) 2 g6c ndu chidu dey B b6 hdn 50mm

Qu6t & (0-1/2 khoAng c6ch brJdc) Ig6c. Qu6t Sl (0-1/2 khoang c6chbtJ6c) 2 96c hoac R2 (1/2-112 khoAngcach bu6c) 2 g6c n6u chidu ddy c|taB b6 hdn 50 mm

BC met d[dng hAn (trong d6chidu ddy > 50 mrn)

Quet F2, 1 g6c

Qu6t F", 1 deu dd

33

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Ve phac

Bing'18 - Cic mdl hln xuyon qua. Mgt phta: Ml'c kljm tra 2

chi ti6t a oi€u kien bC mat:

Lam sach c6c gd ghd d ch6n

Rz

RI

ch, ri6t A(nhenh nhd)

\clir\lT \.. ./ll \ r,

i/at trongFJ

chl6u dty fihanh nh6 tu 15 mmdah 1oo mln

CO ttrd ttOp cAn mit trong A Kh6ng thd tlCp cln m{t trong A

Bd mat nhanh nh6 Qu6t Q', 1 o6c hoec qu6t P., '1 o6c Quet q, 1 g6c

Ben tronq nh6nh nh6 Quet Pr, 1 s6c hoac qu6t Q,. 1 o6c

Qu6t P., 1 atSu dd

MatBkong hay ngoai cla chi Qu6t Sl (0-1/2 khogng cech brrdc) 1 g6choAc qu6t Rl d6n Rz (0-1 khoang c6chbrr6c) 1 g6c

Quet Sr (0-1/2 khoAng c6ch bu6c) 2g6c. hoac qu6t Rr ddn R, (0-1 khoangc6ch bu6c) 2 o6c

3,:

TCVN 6735 :2000

Blng 19 - cac m6i han ruyan qua. Miit phia: Mt?c kiam tra 3

Va ph6c chi riet g

oidu kien bd mgt:sPo. Niu lam jach cic ad ghd 6 ch6nthi viEc qu6t chan rieng rA c6 thd b6qua

chi ti6t A(nhanh nh6)

\z'il

P3

Chlitu dty nh{nh nh6 tU 15 mm

d6n 100 mm /C6 thd tilp cfn mlt trong A Kh6ng thC til'p cfn mlt trong A

BC mat nhanh nha

BOn trong nhanh nh6 Qu6t Ps, 1 d6u dd

Met trong hay ngoei c0a chi tiSt

o

Qu6t Sl (0-t/2 khogng c6ch bu6c) 1 96ctholc quet R,| d6n R, (0-1 khoang cAch

bu6c) 1 g6c

Qu6t St (0-l/2 khoang cdch brr6c) 2

g6c hoac qu6t & ddn R, (0-1 khoang

c6ch budc) 1 96c va gu€t & (0-1i2

khogng cech btjdc) 1 g6c

Qu6t ch6n rieng rE Qu6t Rl, 1 g6c Qu6t R1, 1 g6c

TCVN 6735 :2000

Ve ph6c

&lng 20 - G6c m6l hin xuyan qur. Hai phta: t Bc kidm tra 1

chi ricr BOi€u ki6n bd mat:

a) ChiCu ddy tdi 50 mm ho6c vdi c6chdqa s6n9 si6u am vao tU mat hong A.phia.t SP6

b) Chidu ddy trgn SO mm kh6ng dua./s6n9 si6u em vao tU mat trong A. Sp?

21 1

chi ti6t A(nh6nh nhd)

i///\.

Kh6ng thd figp cln m{t trong A

Qu6t Q?, 1 g6c tU hai phfa

Quet Rl ve P1 (0-112 khoang cachb'.r69) 2 S6c. ho6c qu6t Ri d6n R, (0-1khoang c6ch bu6c) n6u ctrldu Odir'c0aB b6 hdn 50 mm

Qu6t Fr, 1 g6c tU 2 phia

1

ChiCu ddy nh{nh nh6 tr, i5 mmda'n 100 mm

C6 thd tidp cqn m{t trong A

Qu6t Q2, _1

g6c tar hai phia (hoac quet p1

tct hai hu6ndl

MAt trong nhanh nh6 Quet P3, 1 ddu d0

Qu€t Pl, I 96c tU hai hu6n9 (ho6c gu6t

Phia 1 va 2 coa chi ti6t B Qu6t Rl ve S' (0-1/2 khogng c6ch brJ6c)2 g6c hodc qu6r Rr d6n R, (O-1 khoAnoz.goc.holc qu6t Rr d_6n R, (0-1 khoangcach brJ6c) 2 g6c n6u chidu ddv coa Bbe hon 50 mm

Mat dudng han (khi chidu day >50 mm)

')|:j

TGVN6735:2$0

ctcflrg A.

rn.6sPf

Blng 2t - Cac m6t hln ruyan qu., Hrt phlr: IOc klJm trr z

. vE phec

P: M$ trong

Olfu klln b6 mrt:

sP0

-l,-Jr--li

t,

,dch l'(o-1 |*l_l

C6 tha tllp cfn |t|lt trDng A Khone thd tl6 cln mft trone A

Quat Q2, 1 g6c t0 hai phfa (holc qu6r Pt Qu6t Qz, 1 g6c tU hai phla

Mg rong nhenh nh6 Qu6t Pr, 1 g6c tU 2 hu6ng (hofc qu6t e2ttr 2 Phia)

Phh 1 ve 2 coa chi ti6t B Qu6t Rl va R2 (Gl khoang €ch brrdc) 1g6c hoqc qu6t Rr datn S, (G1/2 khoAng

Qu6t Rr va R2 (0-1t2 khoang cecflb'J6c) 2-gdc. ho€c qua R, .tgn & (()-

37

I

TCVN 6735 :2000

V€ phac

BZng ZZ - Cac m6i hen ruyon qua. Hal phta: Mt?c kiCm tra 3

chi ti6t B

1

pl

RZ

RJ

Phia 1

Oi6u kien bC mat:

sFo

Khong thC figp cln mlt trong A

3u6j & .va_& (o-1 khoAng c6ch bu,6c)z. goc. noAc qu6t Rr d6n 51 (O_.1/2

EI

I

l

Chi6u dly nhinh nh6 tU l5 mm C6 thd tia'p can mlt trong A

Qu6t P3, 1 ddu ddPhia 1 ve 2 crla chi tigt B

9]16l Rr va R" (0-1 khoang cach br.r6c) 1

9::-..?i: qu6t Rl d6n sl (0_1/2 khoans

.t!5

TCVN 6735 :2000

i5 Cic y6u cllu ri6ng cho c5c mdi ndi kdt cdu ch[T

CAcMw 23 tl6n 25 qui ttinh c6c y€u idu cho c6c mdii hin hai phia hoAc mot phia, ngdu hoan ban hoac rnotphdn, c5c tam co ban dr-ec dlt gdn nhuvuong g6c v6i nhau trong m6J khoang chidu ddy.

Vg phgc

Beng 23 - C{c m5i ndt k61 c{u ktdu chir T: r?c kidm tra 1

./

Oidu ki6n bd mat:

Y/(\/..-4.,-

Qu6t Pj, 1 g6c tU hai hudng

Quet & va S, (0.1/2 khoeng cech bu6c) 2 g6c hoac v6i

;T::.ur < s0 mm. eu6r Rl ddn n. to-Li,oZ,ig

"e;h'b;Jichi vdi cdc m6i han

TCVN6735 :200t

Btng 24 - c6c m6i ndi kdt c{u ktdu ch0T: Mttc kiJm tra 2

V(

lrII

-t\

Didu ki6n b€ mAt:

sP6

Qugt Pr, 1 g6c tU hai hudng

Qu6t Ri vA Sr (0-'l/2 khoang cAch bd6c) 1 g6c ho6c v6ichidu ddy < 50 mm. Qu6t & dgn R2 (0-1 khoang cacn b!t6c)

l./

P1

Vet liiuchr ri6t Ichi ti6t E

chan ri6nq 16 (chi v6i c6c m6i han 1

40

TCVN 6735 :2fiX)

velnai

Blng 25 - Glc m6t n5t kdt cfu HJu chtt T: f,6c ktjm tra 3

chi ti6t B Oi€u ki6n bC m!t:

SF6

P3

chi u6r A

Fhia i

Phla2

VS lllu co bln dly l0 mn dln tOO mm

}|iri6r A Qu6t P! ,l ddu d0

cfii tirtt B Qu6.t Rr vi q (G1/2 khoAng cacfi brsc) 1 s6c hoec v6ichi6u d6y < 50 mm. Qu6t & ddn & (C,1 khoang c6cfi'brr6c)I o6c

Qugt chan ri6ng rg (chl vdi cic m6i t€n I Dhh) Qu6t Rr, I g6c

4'l

TCVN 6735 : 2000

16 Gic y6u cilu ri6ng cho c6c mdi ndi chir th?p

C6c tEng 26 ddn 28 qui dinh cac y6u cdu cho c6c mdi hdn hai phia hodc ndt phia, ngdu hodn ban hay rn6l

phdn, c5c tdm co ban dr-qc dit gdn nturvu6ng goc v6i nhau trong ntt khoAng chidu ddy

glng 26- Cac m5l ndi cho ihfp. Urrc kljm tre I

gieu kion bd met:

sFo

chi ridt B

I Phia 1,.1 , I

I

I

I

10 mm ddn 1

chi

chi

Qu(

P. ,1 q6c tU 2

Sr,iiLli* s1 (0-1/2 khoans cech brr6c) 2 s6c tu nai phia

4?.

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Va ph6c

Beng 27- C6c mdi ndi chothfp. Itlrirc kidm tra 2

chi ti6t A Oidu ki6n bd mat:

sP6

VAt tiou cd bAn chiitu dlly tU'l0.mmddn tOO mm

chi ti6t A Qu6t P, ,m6t g6c tU 2 hu6ng vA 2 met

chi ti6t B$.iiLli* si (0-1/2 khoans c6ch brrdc) 2 e6c ti, hai phia

lQ!4t chan ri6ng rc (chi v6i c6c m6i hAn 1 phia) Qu6t Rr, E6-! g6c tir cA hai phia tirchi tigr A

41

TCVN6Z15:2000

Oi6u kiln bd mlt:

sP6

---

bd

KT

ca

Qt

17

Blng 2!- clc n6l n6| chothfp. Ioc tttm tn s

chi ri6t A

1'

t:

cm

cl

D

ci

8!

n(

ca

pt

Fha

PI

6e

v6

ptr

Vd

d6

bfi

Dd

hu

khi

chi

C5i

TCVN 6Z35 : 2000

17 D6nh gi5 c6c khuydt tit

17.1 Cic xem x6t chung

c6c qui trinh d0ng tld d6nh gi5 c5c khuydt tat se phu thu6c vdo muc dich clla kidm tra c6 nghia hoec lamuc atich kidm ka chdt rr-rbng hay muc dich dinh gi5. c5c khuydn nghi cho vi6c soan rhio cec fieuchudn chdp nh6n v6i muc dich kidm tra cha't rudng .rudc gi6i rhi6u hong phu ruc A.

06 danh gi6 stt ph6 hu! co hoc hoSc ep dung c6c tieu chudn chdp nhdn nAo ct6 thi ban chSt kim loai hoccoa khuydt t6t, c6 nghia rd c6 phii n6 ra vdt nr3t hay kh6ng, c6 th6 ra m6t y€iu td quan trong. Tuy nhi6nsrr hidu bidt nAy chi c6 thd suy di6n tu cric ph6p do si6u dm vd hinh dang, kich thudc, ir6ng va vi tri cOan6 trong mdl hdn c6 li6n quan t6i kim loai hoc c0a qu6 trinh hdn vd cdc v6t li€u co bln. viec d6nh gi6c6c chi thi (tudc m6 ta kong c6c tridu sau, thra nhdn mot thuc td ra cac phdn khuydt 6t nh6 c6 bd metphin xa don kh6ng thd dinh cd dudc blng phuong ph6p di chuydn ctdu dd thing vi c0ng vi ch0ng ra c6lip n6n chidu cao xung phin xa ld kh6ng l6n, do tl6 ch0ng rdr kh6c mdt hi6u ung c6 hai l6n ddc tinh m6,ihan.

Phudng ph6p inh xung phin xa d6ng hoc dudc ap dung ngay vdo giai doan ddu tien rong qui trinh

::l^:: dd rach nhOns khuvdt rat nh6 ndv kh6i nhLrhs khuvdt tat nshicm trong mA chring c6 thd bidu rhibdi chidu cao cOa xung phin xa thdp hon nhidu.

Khi d6nh gi5 m6t khuyet tat lien quan cl6n ti6u chudn chdp nhin, ph6i sir dung gi6 ki cuc atai c0a chiducao xung ph6n xa c6 thd thu duuc tir g6c bdt k| c6 li6n quan vdi c6c khuydr iet.

Qui hinh d6nh gi6 ahJuc trinh bdy trong lw dd d hinh 3.

17.2 Dlnhqia so U6

Vdi mr?c kidm tra 1, m6t chi thi bdt k! quan sat dudc trong khi qu6t cao hon d6ng kd so vdi ml?c nhi6uphai drrgc tim hidu dd x6c dinh inh xung phin xa ct6ng hoc crla n6.

V6i mr?c kidm tra 2 vd 3' chi c6 nhing chi thi md chidu cao xung ph6n xa khi tti didu chinh vi tri ctdu dddd dat cr'rc dai, vr/ut qu5 mr?c d5nh gi6, c6 nghia ri dudng cong DAC d mrrc d6 nhay qu6t crrc tidu (xemb6ng 2) m6i drroc tidp tuc tim hidu.

Dd x6c dinh 6nh xung phin xa tl6ng hoc, chi thi ph6i dugc xem x6t blng c6ch di chuydn ddu dd rheo haihu6ng vu6ng g6c v6i nhau. Vi6c qu6t ct]a cldu dd xi6n phii dr/gc thr& hi€n theo hr/6ng lai gdn v?r (ti xakh6i v6t phin xa vi vu6ng g6c v6i hu6ng niv. Vi6c qu6t ddu dd thEng ph6i crrJoc 1,1rc nien doc theochidu ddi m6'i han va ngang qua chidu r6ng crla n6.

C5c tinh chdt dec truhg c0a cdc 6nh kh6c nhau aludc m6 tA trong phu tuc L.

),1

=t

TCVN 6735 :2000

Cdrc chi thi c6 Anh 1 theo ci hai phia, c6 nghia ld cic v3t phln xa didm (xem M.4) s€ dubc b6 qua v6i

didu kiQn: ch0ng lA cd l?p vd chi6u cao coa xung phin xa crlc dai kh6ng vrjEt qu6 mttc ghi i chdp nhAn

qui dinh kong ti6u chudn chdp nh6n.

Cho thich - MrJc ghi / chdp nhan cho cgc khuygt tat doc, ngang vi nAm ngang c6 thC kh6c nhau.

Khi kh6ng c6 mrrc ndo duUc qui dinh trong ti6u chulln 6rp dr,rng, phAi 6p dung c6c gi5 tri ghi trong

bing 29.

C6c chi th! c6 5nh 2 hay 3a, 3b trong cac hL!6ng khac, c6c chi thi vubt qua mr.rc ghi / chdp nhAn, vd c6c

chi thi ttr kh6 nhidu holc tt6m ddng c6c khuydt qt nh6 phii dudc tim hi6u th6m vd ghi lai theo 17.3, 17.4

vir 1 7.5.

BAng 29 - C{c mfc ghi khuydn nghi cho cric vit phin xq atidm

Mt?c kiCm tra 1 2 3

Qu6t chirm tia thEng DAC-6 dB DAC DAC+6dB

Qu6t ch6 khuydt tat doc DAC-6 dB DAC DAC +6 dB

Quet ch6 khuydt qt ngang DAC.6 dB DAC. dB Kh6ng 6p

dvng dudc

4A

Xac dinh Anh rung phenra d6ng hoc trong cahai hu6n9 qu6t

Kidm tra m6i hend mtc ii6 nhey qu6t

TCVN 6735 : 2fl00

Oo chi6u dAi khuy6t tat va met cdtngang khi c6 thC. Bi6n chidu caotin higu phen rg thanh dia havdudng kinh 16 khoan trrong ariong

:

Ghi chi6u cao tin hi6u cL/c dalvi holc chi6u dAiva mlt cdtngang cia ch6 khuy6t tat nhdy6r.r cdu cia trdu chudn ep dung

X6t do6n dua tr6n tgl ce cAc ph6p dova hidu bi6t vC kim loai hoc cie cdctoai khuygt tat c6 th6 ia itctr ttrwccUa chong. O6nh gi6 d6 kh6n9 chdcchln trong k6t qul

Lem cuc dai chiC0 cao tin hi6uva 60 sAnh v6i mit d6nh gid

Cdc Ep dqng cho mqcdich d6nh gie dO bin

Diinh gie vd mat cd hgc cdc pha hly

N6u Anhtln hiqu c6 Ep 1 trong

cA hai hurdng

2,3hodc4theo

So sanh vdi mtc chdp nhan,/ ghivdic5c vlt phdn xa di6m

Xec dinh vd ghi vi tricoa chdkhuy6/tet. Kh:ns dinhchi thi kh6ng ph:i Ia do linhchdl th/dng c6 crla m6i hen

Chdp nhfn vA bd qua

Cac 6p dung kidm tra chdt ldong

DAnh giii k6t qul so v6iti6u chudn chdp nhen

Hinh 3 - Luu dd cho sU d6nh gi6 c5c chi thi sieu am

TGVN 6735 : 2000

17.3 olnh vi vi khEng <finh ch5 khuy* tet

Vi tri crla ch6 khuydt tdt nghi ngd phai duoc x6c dinh chinh x6c irong mat c5t ngang c0a m6'i han [rkhoAng c6rch c0a tin hi6u doc theo truc thdi gian, g6c chirm tia x6c dinh trr/6c, vi tri vd qui clao c0a ddx

dd li6n quan t6i m6t hay nhi6u didm / drrdng drr li6u tr6n m6i hdn (xem phU luc M).

Ch0 thich - Vi6c xec diflh chinh x6c ch6 khuydt tet s6 da ddng ndu darng thu6c tY te vi tri khuydt t6t (c6 nhigl

loai) hoec beng c6ch vA sd dd chinh xac. .;

Khi d3 dinh vi so b6 vi tri cn6 khuydt tat, thi c6 thd khEng ttinh didu nAy tu phia / mat ddi dien c0a rn6l

hin, hoic dfing ddu dd c6 g6c chiim tia khiic nhau hoic td hop ci hai. Brr6c ntry cho ydu ld tl6 bao dinrlng chi thi kh6ng phai la do tinh chdt hinh hoc th6ng thr.rdng crla mdi hln hoic giy ra do thay ttd

ki6u s6ng.

(

I

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17.4 Th6ng tin kidm tra vi6n phAi x5c dlnhn

Th6ng tin tdi thidu vd tthg ch6 khuydt €t cdn phii d5p urrg c6c y6u cdu crla mrrc kidm tra 1, 2 vir 3 durr c

md'ti chi tidt trong bing 30. rCh0 thich 1 - Viec do kich thu6c thttc coa ch6 khuyclt tat drJdc uu ticn hon so v6i ph6p do chi6u cao xung phCr

b

xa ddn gian khi mtc kidm tra tang t6n td 3 d6n 1. n,

qlCh'] thich 2 - cac khuydn nghi cho vicc soan thAo cec ticu chudn chdp nhen thich hdp v6i c6c ycu cdu coa bing

30 va v6i c6c kha nAng coa kidm tra siCu em dr.rdc ai6i thi6u trong phu tuc A. C

17.5 X6c dinh dic trmg ve kich thu6c "ll(t

X6c dinh kfch thuoc c0a ch6 khuydt tat duoc thuc hien trong pham vi cto kh6ng vudt qua vi tri m6t nrlr

kho6ng c6ch br,r6c, li-11 khi c6 thoa thuan ri€ng gi0a c6c bcn tham gia ky hdp d6ng (xem 3.3f). 86o r

ghi dKhi c6 ydu cdu, vi tri vd srr kh5ng dinh tiep theo cia ch6 rnuy€lt tat phai dudc thrrc hjcn theo phuon! hoacphSp di dwc chi tic-t hoe trong phu luc M, khi cdn thi6t, dd pMn loai ch5 khuydt tat theo mot trong ce(loai vd dang co ban. cac ch6 khuydt tet phai dtroc x6c dinh kich thu6c theo Dhu luc N.

18 Trinh bdy c6c kdr qui

vdi m6i mdi han da drJdc kidm tra, kidm ha vi6n phai dc trinh m6t bin b6o c6o thr? d6 ky ten, bao gonc6c thdng tin sau ddy:

a) su nhan bi€it c6ng vi6c vA vdt li6u;

b) su nhan bi6t vd qui trinh kidm tra d5 chi tidt ho6 (xem didu 7);

c) giai doan chd tao tai it6 thr.rc hiQn vi6c kidm tra kd ci trang th6i xir r! nhi6t;

d) sr.t ddng nhdt cEa kidm tra vi6n vi hi6n trang chLrng chi;

4?

TCVN 6735 : 2000

e) ngiry thfl;

u 0 bin vE ph6c c0a hinh dang mdi hln khi kidm tra chi 16 tdt ca kich thufc lian quan vi rndl hay

u nhidu hlnh chi6u met cit ngang;

g) loai mey dd khuy6t tat si€u 3m di sr?dung (kd ci sd loat);

ru h) cacchi tidtvdddudddes&dungkdcikidu, loai vdtdnso;

i) kh6'i chudn d5 srl dung;

5i j) ct6 nhiy thfi vA mtrc d5nh gi5 / ghi da 6rp dung;n,. k) phudng ph6p hiQu chinh ct6 dr.roc dirng ctdi v6i suy gi6m vd tdn hao khi truydn;ll

l) bin vE phdc trinh bdy srr md r6ng quet, ddc bi€t, vE chi tidt cdrc ving do kich thr.r6c hinh hoc hoicdidu kiQn bd mdt c0a chi ti6t ma kh6ng thd kidm ha ddy d0 theo qui trinh thr?di chi ti6t ho6:

m) mot bin b6o c6o vd fi6m tra kim loai co bin trong tl6 m6 ti sr.r kh6ng ctdng nhdt cuc b6 (thi du;c, c6c l6p, khuydt t6t bd m5t, v0ng c6 suy giim manh) c6 thd 6nh hu&ng x6'u t6i vi6c kidm tra mdi hen

tai cec vf tri tl6; Ndu kh6ng tim thdy cac ving kh6ng tl6ng nhdt nhrr thd, cgng phdi ghi bing ldi vdobin b6o c6o cOa ngr-ldi kidm tra;

rn

n) cdc ktlt quS,kidm lra theo cec y6u cdu trong bAng 30 (xem '17.4) bao gdm vi tri khuydt qt lienquan tdi cac di6m df li€u ddi chidu ctudc trinh bay trong qui trinh kidm tra dd chi ti6t ho6:

schi thich - M6t he thdng ky hieu gdi ! dd ghi kich thu6c ch6 khuycl r€t dt/dc minh hoa kong phu tuc p.

o) ddi v6i c5c khuydt tAt nlm ngoAi tidu chudn chdp nhin, cdn minh hoa blng c6ch v6 cho c6ckhuy6t tQt toai niy.

bB5o c5o cOa ngrrdi ki6m tra phii bao gdm ldi nh6n x6t chdp nh6n hay khdng ctdi vdi m6i ch6 khuydt tatghi dttdc so v6i ticu chudn chdp nhdn, hodc kdm theo nhing ldi nhan x6t nhrl v6y c|]a gi5m s6t vi€ng noac ngudi c6 trAch nhiem khac.

TCVN 6735 : 2000

BAng 30 - Th6ng tin vi khuyit tit cCn thidt dd aap ung c6c mtc kidm tra

Mrlc kidm tra Loai khuydt tat Th6ng tin ciln x6c dinh

Didm Chidu cao xung phAn xa cuc dai

Ki6u soi Chidu cao vd chidu dli xung phin xa cuc clai

Thd tich Chidu dii vi kich thr.r6c met c5t ngang cLtrc ilai

Kidu phEng Chi6u ddi vi kich thu6c bd ddY

B0i Thd ttch bao boc vd chi6u cao xung phln xa

trung binh

Bien dang chan Chi€u dAi vi chidu s3u

Didm Chi6u cao xung ph3n xa crc dqi

Kidu soi Chidu cao vd chi6u dii xung ph6n xa cqrb tlai

Thd tich Chi6u dii vi kich thrr6c mit cit ngang cuc clai

Kidu phtng Chidu dAi vd kich thtr6c bd ddy

E O| Thd tich bao boc vA chidu cao xung ph6n xatrung binh

Bi6n d?ng ch6n Chidu dAi vir chidu cao xung ph6n xa cr.rc dai

utem Chidu cao xung phin x? ctrc dai

Kidu soi Chidu cao xung phin xa cuc dai

t ne Ucn Chidu dAi v2r chidu cao xung phin xa cdc dai

Ki6u phEng Chi6u dAi vl chidu cao xung phin x4 crlc dqi

B0i Thd tich bao boc vA chidu cao xung phin xatrung binh

Bi6n dang chdn Chidu ddi vir chi6u cao xung ph6n xa cr.lc dai

utem Theo th6a thuan (xem 3.2)

Kidu soi Theo th6a thu6n (xem 3.2)

I ne Ucn Theo th6a thudn (xem 3.2)

Kidu phlng Theo th6a thuan (xem 3.2)

86i Theo th6a thuan (xem 3.2)

Bi6n dang ch6n Theo th6a thu6n (xem 3.2)

5{r

TCVll6735 : 2000

Phg lyc A(qui dinh)

C5c khuy6'n nghl atd sogn thio c6c tiOu chudn

chi'p nh?n cho mgc dich kidm tra chdt lugng

C6rc tieu chudn chdp nhin c6 thd duuc xay dunO theo c6c muc dich ho{c

a) duy tri atugc c6c mrrc tay nghd cao c6 nghia la su tigp cen kidm tra chdt h.rung;

b) xay duhg cac mlb khuy6t tQt crc clai, n6u vugt mrtc tt6 sE c6 nguy cd ph6 h6ng cdrc chi fi6t, c6

nghn ld sr/ti6p cdn d6nh gi6 d0 bdn.

Khi tdm quan lrong c0a vi6c dat chdt luung c!,b d?i toan b0 mdi hAn tilng l6n thi cach tidp c6n ki6m ha

chdt lW.,nS phii lA dd tlm nhidu hon va cho ph6p c6 it khuydt tat hdn. Oec bi€t cdn nhdn manh d€ln vi6c

do kich thrrdc ch6 khuygt qt thr;u td, hdn ld tim chidu cao xung phin xa, ndu c6 th6.

Chting nao cdn nhdt qu6n v6i c6c nguy€n tdc tr6n, mrle kidm tra chd't h.tong ttdi vdi kidm tra si6u Am

ph6i duQc sopn thio theo c5c th6ng sd c6 th6 do drtoc d6 dlng, ch0ng c6 li6n quan thrtc str d€in ci tay

nghd cao ve chdt lwng dich vu. Ndu 6p dr;ng mdt c5ch linh hoat, c6ch ti€p cin niy s6 d5n ttdn ph6p

thit kinh td vi nhanh hdn vdi ti6u chudn nhdt qu6n hon, md kh6ng ting th6m r0i do coa thdr bai.

Bing A.'l chi tigt hoe c6c th6ng sd, cdn duoc qui dinh dd c6 thd th& hien tdt vi6c kidm tra thdu diro chdtlufong moi hin.

Khi thi6t l6p c5c gi6 tri chSp nh6n cV thd, ph6i tinh d€jn muc dich cOa 3 mr.rc kidm tra vA srl kh6c nhau

nhi6u giita ch0ng aldi v6i srr hidu bi6t vd vi€c kidm ka mdi han. Thi du, c6 it didm khi ddt c6c ti6u chudnchdp nh6n nghiem ngit cho mrrc kidm tra 3, khi ch0ng c6 thd thdp hon mrlc dd stJ phet hi6n tin cdy.

{1

?-

TCVN 6735 : 2000

BAng A.'l - C6c th6ng sdvi khuydt tit cdn iluqc xic dinh du6i d3ng

khuydn nghi crla ti6u chudn chip nhin cho c6G uhg dgng kidm tra chdt luqng

(xem chri thich 1 vd chi din cho h? th6ng ki hieu dtng trong blng)

Lo?i khuyat tit Mfc kiSm tra 1 M|lc ki6m tra 2 M|[rc ki6m tra 3

Khuydt tetoidm - c0 lap(cau hay pheng)

Dgc

Ngang

chidu cao xung phin xac{c d?i vrJdt que lsAl

Gidng nhu cho mtc kidmtra 1. Trt lsA2

Gi6ng nhu cho m(/c kidqtral.TrirlsA3

Chidu cao xung phin xqcuc dai vudt que lsTl

ci6ng nhu cho mrlc kidmtral.trulsA2

Kh6ng 6p dung duoc

Khuydt tat

Kidu sdi

(dudng si)

Chidu cao xung phAn xacdc dai vudt que ThAltrong d6 ThAl < ls/A'l

Chidu cao xung phin xacuc dai vudt qu5 ThA2trong d6 ThA2 < ls/A2

Chidu cao xung phin xa

cuc dai vuc,t qua ThA3trong d6 ThA3 < ls/43

Chi6u dii tap hdp hayri€ng 16 cuc alai ThLl d6ivdi khuydt tat c6 chigucao xung phin xa crlc daitren ThBl trong d6ThBl<ThA1

cidng nhu vdi m0c kidmtra 1, tru ThL2 vA ThB2

Kh6ng 6p dung dtJdc

Khuydt tet thd tich Kich thu6c met cdt ngangcuc dai theo hu6ng bdt kyvudt qua VlCl

Gidng nhrr v6i mr?c kidmtra 1, tru VlC2

Chidu cao xung phin xa

clrc d?i vuot qua VlC3

Chi€u dAi tap hdp hayri6ng 16 cuc dai VlLl choch6 khuydt tat thd hienkich thlrdc met c5t ngangvudt que VlD1, trong d6vtDl <vtc't

Gi6ng nhu vdi mr?c kidmtra 1 , trd VlL2 va VlD2

Chi6u ddi tap hop hay

ri€ng 16 cuc dai VlL3 chcmot khuydt tat thd hienchidu cao xung phin xa

vudt qua VlB3, trong diVIB3<VIA3

Khuydt tat phlng(khac v6i khuydt tatldm h6ng bd mit,d9c)

Kich thudc xuyen quachidu dAy cuc dai vudtqu6 PlCl

Gi6ng nhu v6i mrlc kidmtra 1, tri, PlC2

Chidu cao xung phin xa

cuc dai vudt qu6 PlA3

Chidu dai tap hop hayri6ng 16 cuc dai PlL 1 ,

kh6ng kd t6i met c6tngang

Chidu dei tap hdp hayri6ng 16 cuc dai PlL2 v6imot khuydt tat thd hi6nm6t kich thu6c chi6u dayvudt qua PlD2 trong d6PlD2<PtC2

Chidu dai tap hdp hay

ri€ng 16 PlL3 v6i mdikhuydt tAt thd hien mqchidu cao xung ph5n x1

vudt qua PlB3 trong dd

PIB3<PIA3Khuydt tar phlng(gdn mdt, doc)

Kich thrJ6c chidu ddy cucdai vddt qua Pscl

ci6ng nhrl v6i mr?c kidmtra 1, tru PsC2

Chidu cao xung phin x4

cuc dai vudt que PsA3Chi€u ddi tap hdp hayri6ng ld cuc dai PsL1,kh6ng kd t6i met cdtngang

Chidu dii tap hop hayri€ng 16 cuc dai PsL2, chom6t khuydt rat thd hionm6t kfch thrjdc chidu ddyvudt qua PsD2 trong d6PsD2<PsC2

Chi€u ddy tap hop halriCng 16 cuc dai PsL3 chim6t khuydt tat thd hicim6t d6 cao xung phin x?

vudt qua PsB3, trong diPsB3<PsA3

Khuydt tat phAng( ngang)

Chi6u cao xung phin xacLrc dai vudt qua PtAl

cidng nhu v6i mrfc kidmtral,triiPtA2

Kh6ng ep dung dudc

Khuydt tat bdt ki thd hiCninh 2 hay 3 atep L|ng theophudng chi€u day, kh6ngk€ t6i kich thrJ6c

Kich thudc chi6u day cucdai vuot qu6 PtD2 hodckich thu6c ngang vudl quaPTI.2

Kh6ng ap dung dtldc

ti(

t<

T

rrlPI

R1

h(

J

crlm,

-TCVN 6735 : 2000

Bing A.1 (tidp theu';i hdt)

Lo?i khuyit tat $r?c kiim tra 1 M|ilc kiSrr tra 2 Mtlc ki€m tra 3

Khuydt tat phen ten

Nhidu ch6 khuydt t6tboi (d5m)

Oudc coi nhu lA m6t chdkhuydt tat tru trudng hdpkhoAng cdch doc theo mdihAn giira hai khuy6t tatcanh nhau vud qua Ylldn chi6u dai c0a ch6khuy6t tat ngln hon, hodckhoeng cach theo motphia trong mat cat ngangvud qua 21.

cidng nhij v6i m(rc kicmva 1, trr y2 vA U

ci6ng nhu mr?c kidm tra 1 ,

trd Y3 ve 23

Kich thudc theo 3 chiducqb dei J1, trong d6 chicucao xung phin xa trungbinh vugt qua K1

Gidng nhu v6i mr?c kidmtra 1, trij J2 va K2

Gidng nhu v6i m0c ki6mtra 1 , tnJ J3 va K3

R6n9 d5y (lom chan) Chidu sAu cvc dai vdqtqu6 RtCl

Chi6u cao xung phin xacuc alai vudt qua RtA2

Gidng nhu v6i mfc kidmtra 2, trtt RtA3

Chidu dni tap hop hayridng 16 cgc dai RtL1, trend6 chi€u sau vudt qu,lRtD t trong d6 RtDl <RtC1

Chidu dii tap hdp hayrieng 16 cuc dai RtL2, trcnd6 chidu cao xung phAn

xa vuot qua RtB2 trong d6RtB2<RtA2

ci6ng nhu v6i mtrc kidmka 2, trir RtL3 va RtB3

OO th6m d6y dL, Chidu sAu clrc dai vudtbua EpCl

Chidu cao xung Phin xaclrb atai vugt qu6 EpA2

cidng nhu v6i m(rc kidmka 2, triJ EpA3

chi€u dai tap hdp hayriong 16 cr.tc d?i EpLl , trcnd6 chidu sau vddt qu6

EpDl trong d6EoD'l <EoC1

Chidu dai tap hdP hayri€ng 16 cr-tc d3i, tr€n d6chidu siu vtJdt qua EPB2trong d6 EpB2<EpA2

ci6ng nhiJ v6i m0c ki€mtra 2, tru EpL3 vfa EpB2

Ch,t thi.h F C6c th6ng s6 khac nhau duqc ky hieu trong bing theo mot-he thdng trong d6' hai cht ddu I

riCn chi toai khuydt tat, ctrtrtnf g loai th6ng s6 (qu€t) ve s6 cudi cirng chi mfic ki€m tra I

Cec to?i khuy61 tit Cic logi th6ng sd i

ls: Khuydt tAt c6 |5p A: Chidu cao-Xung phin x3, khuydt tat dgc I

Ttr: Khuydt iat fidu sgi B: Chidu cao xung ph6n xa, khuygt tat doc i

vl: Khuyet tat khdi C: Kich thrJdc met c6t ngang I

Pl: Khuidt tat phing (dqc) D: Kich thu6c mAt cet ngang

es: xnuydt tdt phlng (gdn mat, doc) J: Kich thrJ6c 3 chidu (khuyet tat boi)

pt: Khuidt tit phSng (ngang) K: Chidu cao xung phin xa trung binh (khuy6t tat b6i)

Rt: R6ng arey (l6m chan) L: chidu dai ch6 khuy6t tat

Ep: D6 thdm arey du T: Chi€u cao xung, (khuygt tat ngang)

Y: Khoing c6ch theo chidu doc gi0a cac ch6 khuy6ttetZ: Khoeng cech theo chidu ddy giira cac ch6 khuydttat

lcnU tni"n 2 - Chidu dai tap hQp ch6 khuydt tat dua tren chidu dii mdi ndn gdp 3 ldn chidu ddy crla thdnh

I noa" S0 mm khi md ronq hdn. dnidu Oai mdi han dudc do tren bd mat ngoai c0a chi ti6t cong.

I Cnu tni"n 3 - C6c ph6p do chidu dAi va mat c6t ngang duqc tinh theo mm'

I cnt tni"n 4 - C6c chidu cao xung phan xa tU ch6 khuydt tat do bing sd dB trcn hay du6i artJdng cong DAc

lrmm.I CnU tni"n 5 - Trono banq nav, thuat ngu "gdn mat" dudc ttinh nghia li virng sat vdi mot met tu do nao d6

1",r" rti irl";;;;1iJtnidc 8 mm-traiTo/4 khi n6 nh6 hon, trons d6 To ld chidu sau tinh toan c0a

I m6i hdn

l..

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phu tgc B(qui dinh)

C6c didu ki6n cia profin bi mit vi c6c hgn cnd fldm tra tidp theo

8.1 Qui dinh chung

Phu luc ndy dinh nghia 5loai chudn b! bd m?t m6'i hirn kh6c nhad d6'i vdi c6c mdi hAn gi6p m6p thEng

hdng, vi hai loai ddi v6i c6c mdi hAn kh6ng thEng hAng vd m6 ti c6c mOb cOa v0ng ki6m tra crlng circ

ti6u chudn kidm tra c6 thd thub hi6n theo m6i mrrc. C6c loai nAy lA:

C5c m6-i hAn gi6p m6p thtng hAng:

SP'l: kh6ng mli

SP2: mii m6t phdn theo mdt profin nh5n.

'. SP3: mdi m6t phdn theo m6t profin gdn nh5n

SP4: mii toAn bd

SP5: 'mli toAn b6 (c6c ctidu ki6n d4c bi€t)

Cec mdi hdn khdng thEng hAng:

SP6: nhUdS hAn

SP7: miri phlng

C6c yeu cdu bd mit cho c6c mrrc kidm tra 1, 2 vb 3 cfudc qui dinh trong c6c bing tu 3 atdn 28. Khi chon

loai thich hgp nhdt dd lam viec v6i mrlc kidm tra 4, cdn ph5i chri f ttdn cdu tric hinh hoc, c6ch dua s6ng

si6u dm vio m6'i ndi, chi€u ddy coa n6 va quan he coa ti6u chudn chdp nh6n v6i vi6c phdt hi6n vd ttinh

cd chinh x5c ch6 khuydt tAt vd dQ chinh x6c ct]a srl ttinh c6.

C5c didu kiQn SPI vd SP2 c6 thd le d0 trong nhidu irudng hdp, mdc dD SP3 drJoc khuydn nghi ta chdt

lugng tdi thidu cho cdrc mdi hAn c6 chi€u ddy ldn hon 80 mm. N6i chung Sp3 ti thoA min dd ph6t hi6n

ch5 khuydt tat theo qui trinh d5p rhg c5c yeu cdu cl]a ti6u chudn nay, tri, trudng hgp Sp4 la cdn thidt tdi

thidu khi qu6t ch6 khuydt tAt ngang trong cac chi ti6t t6i han. Loai SPs c6 thd ld y6u cdu cuc b6 cho vi6c

kidm ka t6i han c0a c6c ch6 khuydt €t da bidt, trong tl6 khi ning chdp nhdn ttugc xem x6t tr€n co sd

"cl6nh gi5 d0 bdn'.

Cho thich - V6i m6i toai c6 lien quan t6i cec mdi han giap m6p, chidu ddy coa kim toai co ban d hai phia cia mdi

hdn c6 th6 kh6ng blng nhau do d6 c6 m6t d6 ddc khOng thd tr6nh kh6i qua mdi han, didu nAy c6 thd gi6i han sr/

mA r6ng qu6t.

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Loai SPO ld ti€u chudn thdng thudng cho drJdng hirn cria c,:rc mdi ndi kh6ng thEng hang. Loai SP7 chi

y6u cdu khi kich thur c hinh hgc mdi hin hay vi6c chra s6ng si6u dm vlo dd kidm tra cdn thi6t phii qu6t

tr:r chinh tr6n mAt mdi han dd ttat drro. c s[/ ph0 sieu am tdt nhdt cho mdi hdn.

C6c loai kh6c nhau c0a didu ki9n bd mlt dugc minh hoa theo c5c sd d6 trong hinh 8.1.

8.2 C5c lo4i profin cta tdt ce bi mAt

Ndu kh6ng c6 qui dinh khdc vd loai b€ mit cu th6, d0 gia c6ng tinh bd mflt.(dO nh6m b€ mat) cOa td.t ca

circ bd mlt tr6n d6 thrjc hien qu6t khdng duqc vudt qua 6,3 pmR", nh6m bd mit khong vuot qu6 3,2

pmR" phai drroc dDng cho thrl s6ng ngang d tdn so 4 MHz hay l6n hon.

8.3 Logi profin bi mit SP1: kh6ng mii

8.3.1 Qui tlinh chung

Kh6ng cdn mai, tru trudng hgp cdn phii lirm sgch c6c ngudn t?o ra cac tin hi€u si6u im nhdm l6n.

8.3.2

8.9.2.1 Phdn drrdi crla mdi han vA v0ng inh hrJEng nhi6t c6 thd dudc kidm tra d6'i v6i c5c ch6 khuydt

tAt dec theo W tfruQi nia khoing cdch budc. C6c phdn cdn lai c6 thd dudc kidm ha bing k! thu?t cikhoang c6ch brJ6c, ndu mat.trong c6 hinh d4ng thich hdp vd kh6ng thd ti6p can d6 kidm tra blng kY

thu6t nrlo khoing circh brr6c ttr nh0rrg bd mlt kh5c. Cdc ch6 khuydt €t trong vat li€u co bin giip v6i

mdi hAn, se tao ra giao thoa vdi vi6c ki6m tra bing s6ng ngang c0a mdi hAn, c6 thd duoc phdrt hiQn v6i

ddu dd thEng.

8.3.2.2 Mo'i hAn v2r ving Anh hudng nhiQt khdng thd kidm tra v6i c6c ddu dd thing.

8.3.2.3 C6c xung phin xa tu mdt dinh m6'i han c6 thd ngdn c5n vitc ph5t hi6n c6c ch6 khuydt tet trong

hoic gdn bd mdt mdi hdn.

8.3.2.4 Vi€c ph6t hiQn circ ch6 khuydt €t ngang la kh6 khen vi ddu dd kh6ng thd d{t l6n tr€n mdi h}n.

B.4 Loai profin bd mit - SP2. Mii mAl phCn ddn profin nhin

8.4.1 Qui dinh chung

MNt dinh mdi hdn phii dudc mai t6i m6t profin nh5n, khir phSng d phdn girra va hdp vdi kim lo4i co ban

d ci hai ben. Kh6ng ydu cdu mdi mat mdi han ngang bing v6i kim loai co bin.

8.4.2 Kidm tra

8.4.2.1 Vi6c kidm tra mdi nen dd tim ch6 khuydt tdt dgc it bi han chd hdn so vdi di6u ki6n kh6ng mai.

C6c phdn clinh vEr d6y c0a mdi hdn c6 thd dr-loc kidm tra blng kI thu6t nr-a kho6ng c6ch bt dc nhung

Kidm tra

TGVN 6735 : 2000

virng ph0 si6u im n&a khoang c5ch brr6c bi hin chd bEi cac bQc d m6p mdi han. cac phdn han ch6 co

thd atubc ki6m tra beng ky thuat khoang c6rch br-t6c n6u met trong c6 hinh d?ng thich hgp'

8,1,2.2 gdudd thlng c6 thd dat l6n tr€n rndi hen, nhung v0ng phrl sieu am bi han chd b6i c6rc b6c d

m6p mdi hin.

8.4.2.3 Vigc ph6t hign c6c ch6 khuygt tat g6n b,6 mit m6i hAn tdt hdn trong di€u kign kh6ng mAi' vi

profin nhSn lim gi6m c6c tin hi6u ph6n xq gdy nhi6u'

8.4.2.4 Vioc phet hien c6c ch6 khuydt t6t ngang bi hqn chd. nhung it hon so v6i di€u kien khong mai'

ddc bigt dinh coa mdi hin c6 thd duqc qu6t h6u hdt dien tich c{ta n6'

8.5 Loai profin bi mit SP3. Mii mgt phdn t6i profin glln phlng

8.5.1 Qui dinh chung

Oinh m6'i hdn phii drjoc mai kh6 phlng vi c6 sr,r chuydn ti6p tron nh5n, v6i kim loai co bin lidn k€ dd

ddu d6 c6 thd qrl6t qua v0ng Ernh huong nhiet tr€n mdi han mA kh6ng bi mat ti6p xoc dm' cdc y6u c5u

rtic bi6t coa sp4 c6 th6 kh6ng duqc dep r.rng tai mgi vi tri dgc theo mdi han.

8.5.2 KiCm tra

8.5.2.1 ToAn bO mat cet mdi han c6 thd Or.tpc ki6m tra ttd tim c6c ch6 khuvgt t6t d9c theo kl thuat nta

kho6ng c6ch btl6c

I

TCVN 6735 :2000

a) SP1: Kh6ng mai

Sai l6ch d6 phAng

c6 thd vutot qu6 1,5 mm

tr6n chi6u dai 50 mm

c) SP3: MAi mQt phdn

t6i profin gdn phlng

b) SP2: MAi mQt phdn t6i m6t profin nhSn

Sai lqch d6 pheng tr6n

chi6u dai khong vudt qu6 50 mm

'l,5 mm v6i SP4 ve 0,5 mm vdi SPs

d) SP4: Mai toan b0

SP5: MAi toen b0 (c6c didu kiQn dAc bi6t)

Mai cuc bg chi

ch6 nio thdy

cdn thidt

Mai phSng m6i hAn g6c

trir birn kinh nh6

E cdrc g6c

e) SP6: Nhu mdi han f) SP7: Mii phSng

- Sd at6 c6c loqi tliiu kiQn b€ mlt kh6c nhauHinh 8.1

TGVN 6735 : 2000

8.5.2.2 C6 thd dung ddu dd thlng d6 ki6m tra v6t li6u co bAn, virng chiu 6nh hLtdng nhi6t vir hdu h6t SF

than mdi hen. mi

8.5.2.3 C6 thd qu6t nfa kho6ng cach budc tr.r bd mit mdi hdn dd tim cdrc ch6 khuydt tdt ngang d mdi d6

hdn vd c5c v0ng chiu inh hudng nhi€t. B.l

8.5.2.4 Khi quet qua c5c virng c6 sai l6ch dd ph8ng sO c6 tdn thdt mot ch0t cd vd dQ nhay thrt vi d0 Kh

chinh x6c dinh cd so v6i kdt qu6 thr-tc hign dudc tren bd m?t SP4 hoed SPs. B.l

8.6 Lo4i profin bi mit SP4: Mii toin b6 U:

co

8.6.'l Qui tllnh chung Lo

Moi hen vd ndu cdn, kim loai co bAn lidn k6 phAi drrgc mii t6i m0c ct0 cao dd ddu dd c6 thd qu6t d6 ror

dang tr6n bd mat trong khi dim bio ti€p sric dm tldy cl|] v) lep lai dLfoc. Dd lam duqc itidu nly, cdn d6p

ung c6c di6u ki6n sau:

a) Sai l6ch l6n nhdt coa bd mit so v6i hinh dang lV tr.rong cfja n6 phai nh6 hon 1,5 mm h€n chidu

dii 50 mm c8a bd mdt. Tr6n c6c doan ph8ng hay thlng sai l6ch phii drjoc d5nh gi5 blng c5ch do

khe hd cub_clai, xudt hien du6i m6t canh thtng dii 50 mm dit tr6n bd m5t. Khe hd ndy phli nh6 hon

1,5 mm. Tran c6c tto?n cong, sai l6ch ndy phai dudc d6nh gi6 bEng c5ch tlo khe hd cuc dai, xuat

hien dtr6i mot tdm-dli 50 mm tlloc udn cong t6i b5n kinh danh dinh. Khe hd niy phAi nh6 hon

1,5 mm.

b) DO nhSn bd mdt coa tdt ca c6c phdn c0a bd mat dudc qu6t phii blng 3,2 pmRa hodc nh6 hon d,5i

vdi tdn sd 4MHz vd 6,3 pmRa hodc l6n hon, khi vi6c kidm tra cdn tdn sd thdp hon.

8.6.2 Kidm tra

Loai nay cho ph6p ph6t hien c6c ch6 khuydt tAt theo tieu chudn cao nhdt mdc ddu trong moi so rruong

hdp, d6 chinh xec atinh cd c6 thd thdp hdn khi thqc hion trdn cl6 nh5n bd mit SPS,

Chrl thich - M6t ti6u chudn tdi thjdu c0a SP4 ph6a dudc qui atinh khi cdn sr,l ki8m tra t6i han dd tim ch6 kh,rydt

tet ngang.

B.7 Lqi profin bi mit SPS. Mdi toin b6 (cic diiu kiin alic bi9t)

8.7.1 Qui illnh chung

Didu kiQn ndy qui dinh nhrj Cldi v6i SP4 (xem 8.6), tru khi trong 8.6 a sai l6ch cr.rc d?i vd hinh dang li

0,5 mm thay cho 1,5 mm tren bdt ky chidu ddi 50 mm niro cOa bd mdt.

B.7.2 Kidm tra

I

TCVN 6735 : 2000

iPs cho phep kidm tra si6u dm theo ti6u chudn cao nhii, iuy thu6c vAo nhlng han chd nao d6 do sg

rd rQng hay cach atrlb s6ng si6u Am vio vA ph6i dwc qui ctinh theo c6c thoi thuQn tnr6c khi k! hop

6ng, tritvi6c mAi cuc b0 cdn thi6t cho viQc dinh cd ch6 khuydt tat (thi dV trong c6c bAng 3 ddn 6).

t.8 Loai profin bd mit SP6. nhuda hin (c5c mdi hin kh6ng thing hirng)

(h6ng thrrc hien viqc mei tri, khi cdn lAm mdt di c6rc ngu6n gAy tin hi6u si6u 6m nhi€u.

t.9 Loei profin b6 mft SP7: Mii phing (c6c mdi hin kh6ng thing hirng) "

)udng hin duqc mai ph6ng vd nhin theo chi€u rQng coa n6, trU d c6c g6c cdn c6 m6t b6n kinh nh6 dd

;6 su chuydn tidp ddu v6i vit liQu co bin. D6 nh6m bd m41 kh6ng vuut qu6 3,2 pmRa.

-oai niy chi qui rtinh khi cdn thigt thtJc hidn viQc qu6t vdi ddu dd dat ten b€ mat mdi hAn, vd drrdng hdn

6ng hon 30 mm.

cv

-----rTCVN 6735 : 2000

Phg luc C(qui ctinh)

Hrr6ng din vi6c lga chgn cldu d6

C.l Qui dlnh chung V

Vi6c chon ddu dd phii ch0 f t6i c6c tinh chdt sau tr6y c0a m6i hAn cin ki6m tra: 'la) chidu ddy vir ctudng kinh cOa mdi ndi: C

b) hinh dang mdi ndi; tt

v(

c) di€u ki6n bd mdt crla mdi hen: ol

V,d) cdu tr0c kim loai c0a v6t li6u hdn vd v6t li6u co bin;

e) loai, vi tri va hu6ng c6 th6 c0a c6c ch6 khuy€lt tat trong mdi hdn. xt

Vjdcchon ddu dd ving phu thudc m9t phdn vdo vi6c s0dung ttdu dd dd phrtt hi€n ban ddu vi ctiinh gi6 cso b6 c6c ch6 khuydt t6t hoic tim cec ctec tnrng chi ti€it va xec dinh kich cd c0a khuyct tat. v(

Vi6c chon ddu dd thrJdng ld srJ th6a thu6n va drla tren su can nh5c c6c y€lu td de chi tidt ho6 trong c.2 d(

oen u. /. n;

C.2 Tdn sd u:

cuTdn sd ddu dd c6 inh hudng t6i c6c tinh chdt sau ddy c0a chdt tL(ong ddu dd.

a) Kh3 ning phdn giii: Tdng tdn sd sE lam gi6m dd k6o dei xung vir lirm giAm g6c md chim tia vdi c'

mdt kich thrJdc bi6n t0cho trrl6c. c6c hi6u rng nay ram cho kh6 ndng phen giai trong vDng dd vA bQ Kh

phdn phin giii thSng g6c vdi truc c8a chDm tia vd do Ct6 ct6 chinh x6c crla viec x6c dinh kich cd ch6 the

khuy6t tat trd nCn tdt hon. dd

b) Dd suy gi6m: s6ng €n sd cao suy gi6m nhanh k6n dr-rdng qua kim loai co b6n c0ng nhrJ kim N6'

loai hdn vd hi6u ung nay trd thenh quan lrong khi khoing atudng truydn ddi va v6t ti6u c6 cdu tr0c kim dd,

loai hoc th6. Trong thrlc td, ddu d6 xi6n s6ng ngang tdn s6' tr.r 4 MHz ddn 6 MHz c6 thd dddc dDng c.€lrong pham vi dd 200 mm trong c5c vdt li6u c6 cdu lr[c hat binh thrJdng, nhlfng v6i pham vi dd deihon hoic v6i vAt li6u suy gi6m cao hon, tdn sd ctdu d6 s6 vdo khoang trl 2 MHz d6n 3 Mhz. Ddu do Vie

s6ng doc c6 thd ding ctudc v6i cac pham vi dd dai hdn. n:,cacc) Tidp x0c dm: c6c rrdu dd tdn so'thdp hon cho ph6p d6 nh5m bd mit nhidu hon so vdi ddu do

tdn sd 4 MHz ddn 6 MHz va dr'toc khuydn nghi dirng ndu kidm tra vi6n bu6c ph6i xem x6t c6c ch6 (

khuydt tat theo d6 cao cOa xung tr€n c6c bd mdt c6 d6 nh6m thay ddi. c

d) Kich thudc ch6 khuvdt tat nh6 nh6't: Thr/dng thira nh6n ch6 khuydt tat nh6 nhdt c6 thd phdt hiendudc veo khoing mdt nrra budc s6ng si6u 6m khi ndo nhi6u kh6ng qu6 nhi6u.

e) c5c dec trLfng phin xa: Vi ddu dd tdn so thdp c6 chim tia r6n!, hdn d trudng xa so v6i ddu ddtdn sd cao cr)ng m6t kich cd. vi vdy chirm tia ph6n xa iu ch6 khuyer iat s5 16ng hon.

M0r

tat I

chur

TCVN 6735 :2000

Hieu ung niry gifp vi6c ph6t hi6n c6c ch6 khuydl Et duqtc dinh hu6ng khdng thu€rn, dec bi6t ndu n6 lA

r6ng, phing, nh5n, thi du chdn khdng ngdu trong mdi hln hai phia.

C.3 Kich thu6c dCu dd

V6i m6t tdn sd cho lrr-/6c, bidn t0 cAng nh6 thi chidu ddi vd chidu r6ng c0a virng trrtdng gdn cdng nh6, vA

it6 md crla chirm tia E trrrdng xa cirng l6n.

C6c ddu dd nh6 c6 drJdng kinh bidn t0 tU 5 mm ddn 10 mm (v6i c6c bidn t& ch0 nh6t c6 dien tich tudng

atuong) do tl6 thudng duoc ding trong pham vi dd gdn. Vdi pham vi dd ddi hon, thi du l6n hon 100 mm

vdi ddu dd thing vA l6n hon 2OO mm vdi ddu dd xi0n, c5c bidn tir c6 dudng kinh tJ 15 mm d€ln 25 rnm

ding thich hdp hdn.

V6i cac met cong, dic bi€t ndu ldi, srr cldng tldu vd ti6p x0c im s6 t6't hon ndu ding ddu dd c6 met fidp

x0c nh6 (xem C.5)

C.4 06 dii xung

V6i mdt tdn sd cho trrl6c, m6t ddu dd c6 thd thay ddi dang kd mtrc d6 h5m t5c dung l6n biSn trl vd do d6

d6 dAi xung sieu am atudc lao ra. Trong da sd tru0ng hop xung ngin ld thu6n ldi hdn vi n6 cho ta kh6

ndng phdn gi6i t6't hon. Tuy nhien khi dDng he DGS dd do atrdng kinh v6t phin xa dang Crra tuong

dr.rong, c6c kdt qu5 ph! hop hon c6 thg thu dudc v6i 1 ddu dd xung ddi hon trong phd tin sd hep hon

c0a n6.

C.5 Dang n6m cria dCu dd

Khi thrl c6c chi tidt c6 dr-/dng kinh b6 hdn 1s0 mm, ctd n6 hodn toan thuan ldi ta tao dang n6m ddu ddtheo hinh dtldng bao c0a mdt qu6t, khi thidt kd ctdu dd cho ph6p. Eidu ndy ngin bdt su dung dua c0a

deu dd, cai thi6n viOc ti6p xric dm, giim hi6u ung do bd cong c0a met lcn dang cOa chirm tia ph5t.

Ndu ddu dd drtdc tao hinh n6m, cdn phai c6 c5c m5u thrlr dttoc ldm cong dd x6c dinh c6c th6ng s6- ctdu

dd, chudn thdi gian qu6t vd cttrt d6 nhiy chudn.

C.6 G6c ddu dd

Vi6c chon c5c g6c ddu dd cd dinh dudc ding trong kidm tra mdi han thrrc td nim trong gidi han trJ 0" (c6

nghia c6c ddu dd thEng s6ng doc) vd gi0a 35" vd 80" (c6 nghia vdi tldu dd xi6n s6ng ngang). Hicn nayc6c ddu dd c6 g6c thay d6i c6 thd dudc diJng cho c6c 6p dgng ddc bi6t.

Cho thich - Hien nay ddu dd xien s6ng doc bay gid dudc dirhg cho c6c m6i hAn th6p austenic nhuhg kh6ng yeu

cdu ve kh6ng nen dirng cho cAc mdi hen thep ferit.

l\Idt nguyen lf quan trong trong vi€c chon g6c ddu dd ld khuydn khich viec phat hi6n cbc c6c ch6 khuyfittat phEng blng ph6n xa grJdng. D6 ld vi tin hi6u phin xa gudng thr-long ld manh vA 16. C6 ba cdu hinhchung c0a ddu dd vi vit phdn xa phtng trrd6 c6 thd thu drJdc tin hi6u phin x? guong.

61

TCVN 6735 :2000

a) hu6ng chirm tia thSng vio mttcdn tim ch6 khuy€it tat phlng v6i tia tdi vu6ng g6c, thi du: kidm tra

mdt n6ng chAy m6'i hirn bing tldu do cho chDm t6i thAng g6c;

b) v6i cac ch6 khuydt t?t phtng tao thAnh d c6c g6c 90'v6i b6 mlt c{]a mdi ndi, blng c6ch hrJ6ng

chirm tia tir ddu d6 s6ng ngang vdo g6c v6i m6t g6c tdi dd tranh hao tdn bi€n ct6 do q0a trinh bidn d6i

s6ng (xem tidp sau c), thi dU ki6m tra chin c6c mdi han giap mep theo atudng thlng mot phia dirng

ddu dd s6ng ngang 45' tai ntta khoing cach bu6c;

c) dirng ddu dd thu phat t6ch rdi nhu trong ky thu5t ghep aOi, Jac b6'tri phrirc tap hon nLm c6 thd

drtoc ding cho c6c itp dung dic bi6t.

Khi chon g6c ctdu dd, cdn phii nh6 rlng mdt chDm tia t6i mat phin xa v6i g6c khoing 30" s6 chiu bi6n

ddi loai s6ng tnJa tldn mdl neng ludng s6ng ngang phan xa tdi 20 dB. Di€u nay c6 y nghra dac biet khi

it6nh gi5 c6c vdt phin xa 6 g6c, ddu dd phii drjdc chon dd g6c tdi ddn cn6 khuydt t6t nlm trong khoang

40" va 55". Ndu kh6ng thrrc hi6n dudc viec dub s6ng si6u dm viro theo cac g6c (t6 thi thd ding c6c g6c

tdi nlm trong khoang 65" vir 75", ddu rEng nhUv6y s6 bi mdt neng lddng s6ng ngang do bi6n ddi s6ng.

Khi cdc chim s6ng ngang ddn cdc vdt phln xa rQng d c6c g6c trong kholng gila 25" vA 35", chim s6ng

doc manh thudng lam xudt hi6n c6c xung gi& l6n, chring c6 thd xudt hi6n ttt ving cfra moi hAn mi thr-tc

td n6 khdng h6ng, Khi c6 th6, khdng n6n dirng ddu dd s6ng ngang v6i g6c b6 hdn 38o vi c6 khi ndng tao

th6m c6c s6neidqc di kdm. Tudng trl, tranh dirng vdi c6c g6c l6n ttr 70' tldn 75o phu thu6c dUong bao vd

tl6 nh6m bd mdt, vi c6 thd tao ra c6c xung phan x? cOa s6ng mat gia.

C.7 CAc ddu d6 ding tinh thd ddn / k6p

Ddu dd tinh thd ddn le loai dudr dr)ng r6ng r6i nhdt dd kidm tra mdi han va thudng dugc dlng tai cec

pham vi do tren vUng tir 15 mm tldn 30 mm, phu thu6c viro chi6u ddi cOa ving chdt. MQt sd ddu dd tinh

thd don duoc hdm manh, pham vi do c6 thd giSm xudng tir 2 ddn 5 mm tren c6c bd mit mo-i hdn d5

Vi

0(

kii

Bt

1)

OU

2)

tri

dudc mai kY.

d c6c pham vi do ddi hon, ctQ nh6y se tdt hdn vdi dau

truc theo pham vi do c6 thd doan dudc.

3)

ha

dd tinh thd k6p vir d0 lech c||a cr-rdng tt6 chidu du

b6

C5c ttdu dd tinh thd k6p thudng dirng dd qu6t gdn bd mit kidm tra vi kh6ng c6 ving chdt xudt hi6n che 4)

mdt xung phAn xa tu khuydt tat. C6c bidn trl thu ph6t riCng re thudng nghieng v6i nhau viti cl6 (c6 nghia r\a

h hQi tu) dd cai thign d0 nh?y d pham vi ngdn, nhung chdt ltrong c0a chring giSm rdt nhanh ci hai b6n

crla vitng hdi tu.

C6c ctdu dd thlng tinh th6 k6p c6 rjr.r didm hdn tdt ca c6c loai tinh thd ddn la cho ph6p tao dang phir hop

v6i mdt tidp x6c. Cac n6m chdt d6o c0a ch[ng cho ph6p ti6p x0c 6m bdn virng hon so vdi m6t ateu dd

met cfng.

T

TCVN tt735 : 2000

PhV lVc D

{qui alinh)

Sr.r kho6t rgng vir c5ch ti6p c?n dd qu6t

D.{ SU kho6t

Viec kho6t c6 thd gdy ra nh0ng kh6 khan trong viQc kidm tra blng s6ng si6u-6m vi nhlng lt do sau:

a) C6rc xung phSn x4 tir cac bac d6t ng6t gdn ch6n mdi han c6 thd nhdm v6i chi thi khuydt 6t d

chin.

b) Khi kidm tra vdi kho6ng c6ch bubc ddy d0, ch6 kho6t thAnh b?c c6 ih6 tao ra c5c xung phAn xa

phu d5n d6n sV giai thich nhdm d ngoii pham vi n|.la khoing c6ch br'l6c'

c) Mdt ch6 kho6t dqng n6n s6u c6 thd lam l6ch ch0m tia vd c6 thd tao nCn cec xung phin x? m?nh

do st/thay ddi kidu s6ng.

d) Cec vdt gia c6ng tren ch6 kho6t co thd t?o n6n sr/ l5n xung phin xa'

o6 m5c phuc nh0ng vdn ttd ndy toai vd mr?c d6 coa ch6 kho6t ph6i dr.&c thidt k6 m6t c6ch thich hgp va

kidm tra vien si6u 6n1nh6i bidt chi tidt ch6 kho6t clr.rEc dirng vA tinh ddn di€u d6 khi kidm tra mdi han.

Bdn didu kien sau tl6y c0a ving khoet ctddc chdp nhSn ld:

.l) CBi: ving khodt song song c6 ch5 l6m bac thang 6 vi tri phin xa dd tidm tra ci kho6ng c5ch

brl6c c0a phia s6t mdi hin;

2\ CB2: vr)ng khoet song song c6 virng bic thang d chan mdi hen nhulng kh6ng cdn thidt vuot qua vi

hi phin x? cOa CB1;

3) CB3: virng kho6t song song c6 v! tri bOc thang duqc kidm so6t cdn ihin sao cho phdn dr.t6i coa m6'i

hin c6 thd duqc kidm tra trong pham vi n0a khoAng cach budc ddi di6n v6i vlng kho6t vi ph6n tr€n

dudc kidm tra trong ph?m vi gii.ra nta khoing cach bu6c vd kholng cdch br'tdc v6i ch6 phin x? trJ mat

b€n trong xdy ra dlng sau ving khoet;

4) CB4: virng kho6t dang v5t gdm m6tving nong, drJoc x6c dinh cdn th6n, d0vit5".

Cic cfidu ki€n niy ittJdc minh hoa kdm theo cac kich thrr6c trong hinh D'1

63

TGVN 6735 : 2000

Chidu ddy danh alinh T

a) Chon ving kho6t CBI

T = ihidu diy danh dinh

b) Chon ving khoet CB2

T = chi6u diry danh tlinh

c) Chon ving khoet CB3

Chidu dAy

thAnh,mm

<40

>40

Chi6u ,

v0ng kth

mm

>47

>37

D.2

o.2.'

C6c

a

d

b

:D.2.

Ldi

ki6n

cho

<20

20 r6i 40

40 t6i 80

>80

> 12,5

> 15

>20

>25

< 20 l2$'

20 t6i 40 r5:'

40 t6i 80 2q'

> 80 2S'

0<50

mm

khu:

750

0.2

Bitt

fng

circ6c

Ce(

kh6

nhl

s6n

v6i

s = g6c c6n (v5t)

d) Chon ving kho6t

Hinh D.'l - Bdn lqra chgn chAip nhAn duoc cfra vtng kho6t

I

TCVN 6735 :2000

D.2 cech tidp cin vAo dC qu6t (l5i vio qu6t)

D.2.'l Qui ilinh chung

c6c han cnd vd tdi vlo ttd qu6t c6 thd c6 hai dqng:

a) ngen cin kidm tra vien di chuydn ctdu dd trong met qu6t d6 chon, thi du: di chuycn xudng chidu

dii cOa nhirnh cludng kinh nh6;

b) hen chd vi6c di chuydn cldu dd tr€n met quet do srj thay ddi dot ngot dr.rtng bao bd mit hoic do

su c6 met cOa circ v6t cin.

D.2.2 CSchtidp cin mit trong (ldi vao 16 khoan)

Ldi vdo ctd qu6t tu mat trong coa cac chi tidt bi han chd b8i khoSrng c6ch di vdo mat trong ma ngudi

kidmtrac6th6datr6i.ggi|a,,khoangc6cht6i,,H,vidrrdngkinhmdttrongD.LdivAokh6ngbihanch6

cho ph6p thu,c hiqn dd vi ttinh cd ch6 khuydt tat, n6 d?t dr.iqc khi H nh6 hon D, vdi D kh6ng nh6 hdn '175

mm. Ldi v)o han chd mot phdn, cho phep phat hign ch6 khuydt tat, nhung han chd vi6c dinh cd ch6

khuydt tat irni n |6n hdn D nhuhg nh6 hon 2D, cOng v6i D khdng nh6 hon 175 mm va H khdng l6n hon

750 mm. Ngodi c6c gia tri nay, kh6ng mQt kidm tra nAo c6 th€ thr'c hien dr'dc'

D.2.3 Han ch6'virng qu6t

Bing 32 cho ta hrL6ng d5n vd c6c chidu dii cttc ti6u c0a tlo?n thing kh6ng bi cln trd L cdn thidt dd dap

r-mg c6c y6u cdu cho c6c mrrb kidm tra 1, 2 vi 3. V6i muc Ctich ctla bing ndy, thuit ng' "cloqn thtng" kd

ci c6c m6t cong c6 b6n kfnh cong ttdu. Hinh D.2 minh hoa c6c loai c|]a mdi han ch0 y6u vtr c6c v! trl

c5c gi6 tri c0a L.

c6c ddc tinh hinh hoc coa kdt cdu d6i khi c6 thd atua tldn c5c khoing circh dwc n6u l6n trong bSng

kh6ng dal dudc tir thrrc t6. Tuy nhi6n, do chi6u diri c0a c6c Coqn thSng d hai phia c0a mdi hirn kh6ng

nh6 hon chidu ddy c0a vit liQu co bin cong 20 mm, vi di€u kign bd mit ld SP3 hay t6'1 hon' vi6c ph|]

s6ng to?rn bo m6'i hirn n6i chung b thvc hign drrgc dau ring v6i mQt ti6u chudn thdp hon dac biet la doi

v6i d6 chinh x6c khi dinh cd.

65

rn€ 1

' ir

TCVN 6735 : 2000

--1,-I

I

Mdt tr6n

Phia 2

/,

chi ti6r A

Mat du6i i

i, -_-._,

a) Mdi hAn gi6p m6p 2 oh,s

c) Mdi han nh6nh nh6 dat ten

Phia 2

Chiau dAi ving kho6t rong

b) Mdi hen gi6p m6p 1 phia

chi ti6r B

chi ti6t A

d) M6i hen nh6nh nh6 xuygn qua (mot phia)

chi tigr A

\

f) Mdi ndi chi thap

BOn trong(hay met 2

Lo!

h

Giep

hai p

Gi6p

mot t

Nhir

l6n

Nh5r

der ft

Nh6r

dar t€

Nh6r

xuydr

qua I

phtae) M6i n6i ki6u ch& T hay mo'ihan nhenh nh6 xuy€n qua (2 phia)

Hinh D.2 - C6c hinh v6 ph6c trinh biy vi tri <td do cic ai6 tr! L

(chiiu diri duing thlng) vir C (chidu dii ving kho6t)

L

chi ti6r B

chi ridt B

bo

I

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Bing 32 - Chiiu dai tdi thiiu cria do4n thing L cdn thi6't dC ttep r;rng crec

yiu cdu cria cic mr?c kidm tra'1, 2 vi 3 vdi clc loai m6'i hin khic nhau

Loqi m6-i

hin

Mit qu6t Chi6u dii doan thinq LCic mrlc kiCm tra {, 2 vi

2AC6c mr?c kiCm tra 28 vi

3

Gi6p m6p

hai phia

TrOn

DrJ6i

Citc phia 1,2

Citc phia 1,2

L>2f+100vdi T<35

Lt>2I+20v6i T>35

Lr> 2T + 100 v6i 6<T<35'

L1 > 2T + 20 v6i T > 100

Nhrl mrrc kidm ka I

L' > 100 v6i T>100

Giip m6p

mol phia

T16n CAc phta 1,2 L>2f+100vdi T<50

Lr > 2T + 20 v6i T > 100

Nhu mub kidm tra 1

Nh6nh tldt

len

chi ri6t A Ngodi L1> 2T" + 100 vdi T" <50

L, > 2T" + 20 v6i T"> 50

Nhu mr-rc kidm ha 1

Trong L2> 1,sTb + 2f + 20

chi ti6r B Ngoai L1> 2Tb + 20f Lr> 2To + 20 vdi T" > 50

Trong Lz > 1,5 T"+

Nh6nh nh6

dit 16n

chi ti6t A NgoAi L1> 2T" + 100 vdi T" <50

L1 )2T"+20vdi T">50

NhrJ mirc ki6m tra 1

Trong LP 1,sTb + 2T, + 20{

chi tigr I Ngo)i Li2fb+20=

Trong L2 > 1,5 T"+ Lz> 2T "v6i

T" > 50=

Nh6nh cut

det l6n

chi ti6t A Ngoii L1> 6T" + 20 Nhu muc kidm tra 'l

Nhiinh nh6

xuyOn

qua m6l

phia

chi tict A Ngoli Li2I"+20

Trong L2> 1,sTb +f"+20? L2> 1,5 Tb?

chi ti6r B Ngoai L1> 2Tb + '100 v6i To <50

Lr > 2Tb + 20v6i To > 50

Nhu mtrc kidm tra 1 vd 2

Trong L2>2T6+1"+l QQ Y6i Tb<50

L2>2T5+J"+!6 v6i To > 50

Nhd muc kidm tra 1 vA 2

61

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Bing 32 (tidp theo vd hdt)

Logi mdihin

Mit qu6t Chiiu dii doan thEng LC6c mfc kiim tra 1. 2 vi

2ACic mfc ki6m tra 28 vd

3

Nhirnh nh6

xuy6n

qua 2 phia

chi ridt A NgoAi Lp2f .+ Qg

chi tidr B

Trong L3> Tb + T" +20? L3> Tb + 20?

Phia 1 Li>2Tb+100 v6i To<50

L1>2Tb+20 vdi Tb > 50

Nhu mrrc kidm tra 1 v?r 2

Phia 2 Li>2Tb +100 vdi To<50

L1>2To + 20 vdi To > 50

Nhu mr-rc kidm tra 'l vtr 2

Mdi ndi

Kreu chu I

chi tidr A Phia 1

chi tidr B

Phia 2 L3> To + l" +29 Lgz Tr +20

Phia 1 L1>2Tb+ 100 v6i To<50

Li>2Tb+20 vdi To > 50

Nhu mrJc kidm ha 1 vd 2

Phia 2 Lr> 2Tb + 20 Nhr.t mttc kidm tra 1 vir 2

Moi noi

chLt thdp

chi tict A Phia 1 Li> T, + 20

Phia 2 L1> T, + 20

chi ti6r B Phia 1 L1>2Tb+100 v6i TD<50

Lr>2Tb+20 v6i Tb > 50

Nhu mfc kidm tra 1 vir 2

Phia2 L1>2Tb+ 100 v6i To<50

L1>2Tb+20 v6i To > 50

Nhu mrlc kidm tra 1 vd 2

Md'i ndi nrlt C6c chi tidt Avir B

Ngodi vd trong Khdng han chd chidu dai doan tnSng drrd. c-ia t6i.

. Chi vdi mto kidm tra 1.

i C6c muc kidm tra 1 vi 2 khi kh6ng tidp c6n mdt kong B.

* Khi tidp c6n dLrdc mdt trong B.

0 Kh6ng y6u cdu v6i m0c kidm tra 2 n6u T" < 50 vir tidp cin duroc met trong B.

= Cec mrlc kidm lra 1 vit 2 khi kh6ng ti6p cen dUdc met lrong A hodc B.

? Khi tidp c?n drroc mit trong A.

cho thfch - Phudng ,r,nn nuun

cao nhdt thuc td c0a ddu do (g6c nghieng nh6 nhd't) vd chidu ddy dng / tdm cuc atai trong m6i pham vi de

qui dinh. Theo qui t6c chung, "chidu dii dd,,cuc tidu cho ph6p kidm tra khoang c6ch bu6c atdy d0 la L, = 2T

+ 100 mm vd cho n&a khoAng cach brr6c le L1 = 2T + 2OO mm, trong d6 L,: ,,chidu dai dd,, crJc tidu vd T

chidu ddy crla tdm.

E

F

N

n

L

c

E

P

K

pl

b(

5F

TCVt't 6735 : 2000

Phqr lr,rc E

(qui dinh)

Dinh vichin mdi hin: C6c mdi hin gi6p m6p thtng hing

E.1 Qui dlnh chung

Trr-dc khi bit ddu kidm tra, vi€c quan trong ld xirc ctinh chinh x6c vi tri cMn mdi han. Di6u nay dec biet quantrong khi kidm tra c6c mefi han m6t phia 6 d6 chan mdi han kh6ng dr.ruc mai vi kh6ng tidp cin du-uc.

Trohg thr.rt t6, mQt phia c0a mdi hAn phii dwc danh ddu tru6c khi hAn d khoing c6ch qui dinh ti, durdngtAm mdi hdn. Didu nAy phii dtjoc lAm theo c6ch sao cho kh6ng lnh hLrdng t6i viec qu6t tidp theo coam6i hAn.

Khi vi6c d6nh ddu trudc crla v6t li€u khong dudc thtc hiQn, c5c phr.rong phdrp si6u am nhu m6 € trongE.2, E.3 hodc E.4 ph6i dudc dDng dd dinh vi ch6n mdi han mOt phia.

Khi ch6n. mdi hAn vu6ng g6c v6i truc doc c|]a dng, thi vi6c ddu tien la thigt t6p tlu'dng di li6u quanh 6'ngsong song vdi chln, c6 ngh-ra li vuong g6c vdi truc dng tt:, d6 thuc hiqn moi ph6p tto co bln n6i t6i drrdctht c hidn.

chtl thich - od ra nirang phddng ph6p thd va sai s6t chrr y6u, ve s€ c6 nhieu trudng hdp c6c pnuong phap navkhdng dinh vi chinh xec tAm cla ch6n mdi han.

Srr dlch chuydn hay khdng th8ng hAng lA nh0trg huBng hop ngoai te.

E.2 Phudng ph6p ddu dd thEng

Phudng phap niy chi 6p dung dLrdc khi c6c mdt dinh mdi han da ctLfdc mdi d0 ph5ng vA nh5n dd ddu ddc6 thd girJ dwc ti6p x0c tr6n bd r6ng mdi hin.

MQt ddu dd thEng c6 chDm tia hop d kholng do tai chAn mdi han dr-toc qu6t qua met day cga m6'i hdn vdch6 nhd ra c0a chAn mdi han duqc ph5t hi6n bdi srr c6 mdt c0a m6t xung phin xa phu th€m d vi tri dlihon m6t ch0t so v6i xung phin xa tu d6y.

C6 m6t hi6n tLfdng tuung td nhu vey khi dDng v6t li6u l6t mdt sau m6'i hdn, vdi didu kien ta c6 su n6ngchiy l6n vdng dem l6t. Vi tri c&a tldu dd tluo. c didu chinh sao cho thu cl-roc xung phin xa th6m c6 d6 caocr-lc dai ve vi tri ct]a chdn mdi hen dLtoc d6nh ddu tu tdm c0a ddu dd nhu( tr€n hinh E.1. oidu nay dudcldm ldp lai tai tr.hg khoeng doc theo mdi hdn vir khi ndi c6c atidm cho ta dudng tam lien tuc.

E.3 Phuong phdp itCu dd xi6n 1

Phrrong ph5p nAy c6 thd dudc ding khi kim loai co bAn d hai phia c0a mdi hdn c6 cr)ng m6t chidu ddy.

Khi dr)ng m6t chirm tia hep, ddu dd xi6n c6 khi ning ph6n giSi cao, chen mdi hdn s6 dtroc quet tr-/ m6tPhia vd ddu dd duoc dinh vi dd c6 xung ph6n xa tir d6y cuc dai. vi tri dtdu dd p1 s6 dubc d6nh ddu tr6nbd mdt vit li6u vi chidu ddi drrdng di chirm tia D duoc ghi tai. Sau d6 ctdu dd s6 duo. c chuydn sang phia

-!

TCVN 6735 :2000

khdrc cOa mdi Mn ve atdu d6 dtudc tlinh vi (P) sao cho xung ph6n xa iir chtn cgng lA chi6u dai dr.rdng ali

cOa chim tia ld D.

Ch0 thich - oidu nAy c6 thd lA kh6ng A vi tri rng vdi chidu cao xung phAn xa cuc dai tt phia nay cga m6i han.

Vi tri cOa chan mdi han, vdi gia thidt d6 thdu chdn binh thrrdng, s€ d chinh gira c5c vi tri p, vir p, nhutrinh bay k€n hinh E.2.

E.4 Phudng ph5p il6u dd xi6n 2 ./

Phuong ph6p ney drJuc drp dung khi c6c kim loai co bin c6 chidu dAy blng nhau hodc kh6ng blng nhau.Ddu ti6n chidu ddy c0a c6c kim loai co bin li6n kd v6i meii hen phai drloc tto blng ph6ng phap sieu amva phai tinh to6n chi€u ddi ttudng cti coa chim si6u 6m D,, va khoing c6ch theo bd mdt d1 vdi m6t phia

c0a mdi hAn. Dirng ddu dd s6ng ngang c6 g6c thich hop qu6t chdn tir phia nAy cla mdi han va m6t xungndo et6 v6i khoing c6ch ttr.rdng di D1 hoec ldn hdn mol ch0t phii lA cub dqi trng v6i vi tri p,, d6nh ddukhoAng cich theo bd mdt tr,idng rtrg dr. Didu nay sc drldc lam lai (nhic lqi) tir phia ddi di6n cga mdi hAn,sfidung tri sd D2dr, vA vi tri P2 (xem hinh E.3).

Hinh E.1 - ViQc ilinh vi chin khi dr)ng ddu dd rhing

Gi6n c6ch b&ng nhau

Hinh 8.2 - Vi6c dinh vi chir: khi dirng c.{c ddu do xi€n: phudng ph6p 1

--I

Ch0 thfch - Oidm gi0a c6c vi tri d6nh ddu M1 vA M, ld ttudng t6rn c0a chdn.

Hinh E.3 - Vi6c dinh vi chin khi d0ng c6c dCu do xi6n: phudng ph6p 2

TCVN 6735 : 2000

71

----

TCVN 6735 : 2000

phy h1c F

(qui dinh)

C6c phuong ph6p kidm tra chin m6-i hin

F.1 CAc phuong phlp cho m6'i hrin m6t phia

F.1.1 Phuong phrip

Phai thuc hicn su qu6t chan cd dinh, tqi vi tri nua khoSng cSch br.r6c blng c6ch dr)ng m6t thanh hay rn61c0 chdn d5n hudng sao cho khoing c6ch tit vi tri denh ddu d ddu dd t6i chdn dr.roc girr kh6ng ddi (xehhinh F. l).

Dau dd ddoc di chuvdn ri€n tuc doc theo m6-i hdn vi phii cht y tdt ci c5c xung xdy ra 6kho6ng c6chdudng di si6u dm bSng hay nh6 hon c6c gi6 tri tinh toSn t6i tam coa chdn m6i nan. xni quan s6t thdycac xung nhu vdy' di chuvdn ddu dd l6n phia hu6c dd tim gie hi bien d9 xung cuc atai va xac dinh vi hic0a.chring hay phdn k6o dli qua chi€u ddy m6.i hdn.

Khi cach qu6t nay bi han chd chi 6 m6t phia c0a mdi hin, thi du trudng hop mdi han nhanh hodc nh6nhnh6' thi di6u rdt quan trong ld ch5 k6o ddi thSng dung c.]a mit ph6n xa 6 phia xa cga m6i han phai duocxdc dinh, vi trdy rA c6ch duy nh6't ma c6c ch6 khuydt tdt chdn nghiem trong tai didm ndy, c6 thd ph6nbiCt duoc v6i cdc ttrldng chin binh thrrong_

Ky thuat niv d6i h6i rldu dd xi6n s6ng ngang c6 d6 phdn giii cao. G6c chirm tia phu rhu6c vAo chi€uddy kim loai co bin, d6 cong c&a b6 mit vd ph6i dugc chon dd trenh:

a) ti6p cdn qu6 gdn v6i mdt dinh m6'i hen hay ch6 khong cr€u din ndo cr6 tr€n bd mer gey ra do qudtrinh miii m6'i hln;

b) st duns chidu ddi trr-rdng di ch0m tia qu6 mrrc gdy n6n h6u qu6 mdt chinh x5c kong dinh khoingcich.

cho thich 1 - Trong vi6c chon g6c chtm tia cdn nh6 rang ch0m tia t6i mar phdn xa v6i g6c gdn 30. se chiu subi6n ddi kidu s6ng, didu ney se c6 thd g6y ncn c6c chi thi gia. Lnc d6 s€ c6 thd c6 tdn hao nang rudng s6ng amngang tdi 200 dB

chri thich 2 - Ncn rrenh d ng ddu dd s6ng doc dd ph6t hicn c6c xung phan xa tu g6c vi s6 c6 tdn hao nangludng ldn gay ra do biCn ddi kidu s6ng.

c6c ddu dd srldung, va thang thdi gian c0a m6y ph6i hi6n khuydt tqt phii clr-roc ti6u chudn hoe theo cacy6u cdu crla b.4.

D0 nh6,y kidm tra phai hop hop v6i v6i didu 1 0.2.2 (horc lheo mrrc kidm tra 4, nhl, th6a thuan gita c6cb6n lham gia kf hop ddng).

ch0 thich 3 - su ht''dng d6n cho sr-/ giai thich sicu 6m c6c toai ttidu kien chan mdi hen chinh, khi c6 thd ti6p cancd hai phia dddc gr6i thieu trong hinh F 2

-I

TCVN 6735 : 2000

D5u rlng c6c minh hoa dirng cho cAc mdi hin xuy6n hep, circ nguyGn t5c nhrr v6y clng s6 drJdc 6p

dung cho c6c m6'i hAn c,6 vat lieu l6t mat sau mO'i han.

F.1.2 Sg chidu si6u 6m

Chan mdi hdn phii durdc qu6t doc theo chidu dai mdi han ldn hJot tir hai phia coa mdi hAn. Khi kh6ng thdqu6t dwc tir phla th0 hai c0a mdi hdn, khi ntng kV thuit bi gi6m di nghi€m trong.

Tdc d6 qu6l quanh m6i hAn khdng vuut qu6 25 mm/s.

Hinh F.'t - D0ng m6t cir chin din hrr6ng <fd tidm tra

chdn mdi hAn vi sg thdu du hoic thdu chin kh6ng di.

m6t Chrl thich - Xung phin xa nh6, lCch m6t ch0t sang benhai tr6i crla vi tri dudng tam, tr.t ci hai phfa mdi hAn

b) L6m 6 chtn mtji hAna) ChAn mcii hin dat

Chrl thich - Xung phin xa ddn nhon, l6chch0t sang ben phii cl]a vi hi dudng tem tU caphia mdi hAn

Hinh F.2 - Xung phln xa si6u 6m tu} thugc vio logi kh6c nhau cria ilidu ki6n chin mdi hin

TCVN 6735 : 2000

F.

F,

lrpl

ri€

Ctul thich - Xung phin xa don holc nhon ho5c c6cuc dai phu, thudng c6 bien d6 cao hon vA pham vidai hdn m6t chut so v6i m6i hen thdu binh thud;g tUc6 hai phia mdi hin

9l'! lhjch - Xuns phin xa ddn, manh ti,i sang b6ntrai ch0t it so v6i vi tri dudng tam tU ca hai phii mdinan

KI

tr€

pn

CA

c) Thdu qua mocd) ThSu kh6ng d0 & chdn m6i hin

Chri.thich -- Xung ph6n xa trr ch6 thdu A hai phiam6i han cdng v6i xung phin xa phu nh6 b6n tr5i vitri dudng tam d phia A. Di chuydn Cd, AO cno tndjkich thrJdc rdt nh6 theo phuong thing drlng

e) Ranh khuygt 6 ch6n dr-rBng hdn

C.hi th19.h. - Xung phin xa. tai vi tri atudng ram rU haipnra mot han. Xung c6 thd nhon hoac c6 crJc dai ohunhu minh hoa vA kich thrjdc theo phuonq thtno dilno:.q lF 99 duoc tr, hai phia coa mdi hAn. r.ldu

-rnuvd

l3lr"..llo: co_rhd-rhu dudc xugn ph6n xa phu rrr 9dthau tu hai phia m6i han

0 Nft dudng tAm 6 chan mdi hin

g) Nfi hay han kh6ng ngdu taimdp cOa gd 6 ch6n mdi hAn

h) Cec vdt l6m co 6 chan mdi hen

Hinh F.2 - Xung phrn xg si6u im tu! thu6c cfc roai kh6c nhau cia diiu ki6n ch6n mdi han

.t

TCVN 6735 :2000

F.2 C5c phuong ph6p cho mdi hin hai phia

F.2.i C6c phuong Ph6P

Trong c6c mdi hdn hai phia, chAn m6i han ctuoc qu6t v6i g6c kh6ng l6n hdn 20'tU ph6p tuy6n cOa mel

phtng chtn mtii hln hoec nhu lA mdt phdn c0a vi6c ki6m tra mdi hAn toAn bQ, hoac nhu ld vi6c qu6t

ri6ng bi6t nhu trcn hinh F.3.

Cho thich - Trong trudng hdp m6i hAn doc trong mOt chi tidt hinh tru trdn r6ng, thrJ tren hinh F.4, su phAn xa

gen nhu gudng c6 thd xAy ra trong c6c tidt dien ddy hon nhi€u.

Khi c5c tlidu ki6n tr6n kh6ng th6a m5n atd ding mdt ttdu dd thi se d0ng ky thuat gh6p d6i nhu trinh bey

tr6n hinh F.5. Khi d6 dDng hai ctdu dd ri6ng rE cirng g6c nghieng, cing m6t t6n sd , mQt dirng ldm ddu

phSt m6t dirng lim d6u thu. Ci hai ddu dd dt oc gi0d khoAng cSch chinh x6c ttr drrdng tAm mdi hin khi

c5c aldu dd di chuydn cirng nhau dgc theo chi€u ddi mdi hln

Ch0 thich I - NOn ding mbt ddu do xien 96c 45" cho viec quet ghep doi v6i tdn sd tU 4 MHz d6n 5 MHz d6i vdi

chidu ddy nh6 hdn 75 mm, va tdn s6 trt 2 MHz dgn 2,5 MHz cho chidu ddy ldn hdn. N6i chung dO nhAy quet tit 6

dB ddn 10 dB thdp hdn cAc gia tri cho trong 10.2 2 se th6a man.

Chri thich 2 - Chet ludng trong phudng phep ghep d6i sC kh6ng thay ddi dang kd khi det ddu dO thu phia tnJdc

ddu dd ph6t. Tuy nhien c'lng nen hi€u chinh c6c ddu dd trong cilng m6t vi tri tudng ddi trong khi qu6t.

Xac dinh kich thu6c ch6 khuydt tat theo phudng ph6p nay la kh6 khan, nhung c6 ihd thuc hien m6t ph6p ato gdn

d0ng kich thu6c ch6 khuydt tat l6n khi dirng ky thuat giam 6 dB b&ng cdch di chuydn ti, tU I ddu d0 vg phia tru6c

va di chuydn ddu dd kla vd phia sau vdi cing mot khoing c6ch sao cho truc coa chim tia c0a ch0ng ti6p tuc cdt

doc theo mdt phEng ch6 khuydt t6t. C6c ch6 khuydt tat nh6 hdn sc drJdc ddnh gi6 theo chidu cao coa xung phAn

xa so vdi tiAu chudn d6 bi6t.

Phudng ph6p quet deu dd ghdp d6i la mOt ky thuat dac biCt, va vi vay tru6c khi dUng chlng cho cec ep dung t6i

han cdn ph6i tham khao cec tai heu cong bd dd hitu bi€it chr tigt hdn noa.

Hinh F.3 - PhAt hiQn sr,t that chdn kh6ng hodn tointrong c5c mat c5t m6ng khi dirng ddu dd xi6n n6ng

75

TTCVN 6735 : 2000

Hinh F.4 - Phat hi6n su thiu chin kh6ng hoin toin I chin mdi hin trong cdc mit ciit dty (congl

F.f-2 Sg chi6u siiu im

Khi st dung mot ddu dd, diEn lich chan mdi hAn phii dr.ruc quet bAng c6ch di chuydn ddu dd tidn, toi ddi

v6i drrdng t6m mdi hdn doc theo c6c dr.6ng qu6t v6i m6t bu6c kh6ng vupt qud 0,9 ldn chidu r6ng c|]abi6n tr?. Chidu ddi toAn b6 coa mdi hin phii <trrpc qu6t ttr hai phia tr6n chi mQt bd mdt hoic trong tnJdnghgp stt ti6p cin bi han chd ti, hai mdt trdn cr)ng m6t phia. Tdc tt6 di chuydn coa ddu dd doc theo cecatudng qudt kh6ng vtbt qu6 100 mm/s.

Khi dt)ng k! thuit gh6p tt6i, chAn mdi hAn phii dtloc qu6t li6n tuc doc theo chi6u dii coa n6 tir m6t hay

hai phia tr€n cing m6t mft. l6'c d6 di chuydn doc theo mdi hdn kh6ng vuutqua 25 mm/s.

B

lalF- A;,, dA

| _ 7 Ph6t

Ch0 thich - C6c khoAng c6ch A va B drrdc gifi kh6ng ddi trong qua trinh qu6t doc theo mdi hen.

Hinh F.5 - K! thuit gh6p d6i dd phet hion suthiu chin kh6ng hoin toan trong cac mit c;t dry

t,AU CtO

thu

---t

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phg lgc G(qui dinh)

Phuong ph6p cho viQc qu6t mdi hen v6i ddu dd thSng

G.l Phudng ph6p

PhAi dirg itdu d6 m-6t bi6n t& hay hai bidn t&c6 khEr n6ng phAn gi6i gdn b6 mit r&.

Ch0 thich - Vdi chiBu dey mdt cgt tren 50 mm, co tn€ alng cac deu dd rieng re cho phan tr6n vd phdn drr6i cga

m6i han.

Tdn sd danh dinh c0a deu dd kh6ng thdp hon 4 MHz. Thang thdi gian c6n dttr.c chudn chinh x6c vd khi

thich hgp, cdn d5nh ddu dd chi khoAng do chdp nhdn cub dei va crJc tidu tuung rrng v6i su thdu vd l6m dchan mdi hAn.

O0 nh?y thir theo 10.2.2 (hoic theo m0c kidm tra 4) nhu th6a thu6n gifra cac b€n tcf hqp d6ng.

Trong c6itrrldng hgp khi bd mft mdi hin khdng song song v6i mit du'6i, hiQu rrrng v€ g6c cOa chim tiaphiri ilrrpc ch0 I vi phai fnh ddn tt6 chlnh x6c c6c th6ng tin thu dr.luc.

G.2 Sy chidu si6u im

Dd ki6m tra didu ki6n chdn mdi hdn, mdi hAn phii duuc qu6t liCn tuc doc theo chidu ddi cr1a n6 v6i tdcd0 kh6ng vudt qu6 25 mm/s;

Thd tich toAn b0 virng hdn phii dr.ro. c kidm tra theo c5c dudng qu6t song song hoic vu6ng g6c vdi trucmdi han. Bu6c coa c6c tft-rdng qu6t kh6ng vuot qua 0,8 bd r6ng c|la bidn tr?, vd tdc d6 di chuydn ddu d6

theo th.fdng qu6t kh6ng vuot que 100 mm/s.

Cec phudng ph6p cho vi6c qu6t mdi hin dd tim cac cn6 khuydt tit dgc

H.1 Phuong ph6p: cric mdi ndi gi6p m6pthing hing

Mit c5t ngang toin M mdi hin bao gdm HM phai duqc qu6t it nhdt t(' hai hrrdng blng c6ch ding m6tddu dd c6 1 g6c chtrm tia lrong khoing i0. v6i ph6p tuy€in c0a mdt n6ng chdy.

Ch0 thich 1 - Khi g6c c0a mat n6ng chay !e khac nhau vd hai phia. coa mdi han hoec thay ddi qua chi6u d6y mdii

hAn, c6n phai c6 hai hoAc nhidu ddu d6 dd d6p ring y6u cdu nAy.

Chtl thich 2 - cdn ch0 y t6i anh hudng cOa g6c t6t c0a chim tia tai mdi nan cga ph6p kidm tra tren c€c matcong, nhu m6'i hAn doc trong cec chi tidt hinh tru trdn r6ng (xem hinh 2). Kh6ng nh0ng chi ch0 y t6i g6c ch0m tiatrd n6n n6ng hdn kha tang do seu qua mdi han ma ca su lien hdp c0a g6c chim tia vA ben kinh cong khac c6 chiCuddy kidm tra cuc dai.

Bdt kd c6 kidm tra ciic bd mdt n6ng chiy hay kh6ng,

mat c5f ldn hon 15 mm ctdi v6i mrrc ki6m tra nghiam

khuydt tat c6 hufng kh6ng theo qui lu6t.

Dd ph6t hi6n ban tldu ch6 khuydt tat, mdi han phai duoc qu6t t6i vi tri ntla khoang cech buoc, (nhu minhhoa tr6n hinh H.1). Khi alidu cl6 kh6ng thr& hi6n duoc, vi6c qu6t phii d gi6a c6c vi hi mdt nr13 vd todn b6khoing c6ch budc (nhd tren hinh H.2). Trong c6c trrjdng hdp kh6c, vi6c qu€t ph6i theo c6c y6u cdu coac5c bing 3 cfdn 6 hoic theo th6a thuan 6 mrrc kidm tra 4.

Ndu vi6c qu6t ntta khoing c6ch burdc duoc dirng tLr chi m6t b€ m{t, phai thrc hi6n vi6c qu6t th6m v6iddu dd c6 khi ndng phdn gi6i gdn bd mit cao hon ctd ph6t hi6n c6c ch5 khuydt t6t gdn bd mdt. viec maimdt m6i hirn t6i ti6u chudn tdi thi6u Sp3 ld cdn trong trrJdng hop ney.

Vi6c qu6t giia c6c vi tri m6t n&a vA toin bd khoing cSch btJ6c chi ctLroc 5p dung khi mit ct6y cl]a kimloai co bin song song v6i mit kidm tra vd kh6ng c6 c6c b6c hodc gd gh€ qu6 mrrc tr€n di6n tich mirchirm tia dtroc phAn xa lai.

5 m'n

T6'r ca kich thudc theo mm

Hinh H.1 - Kidm tra n ira khoing cdch brr6c cia mdi hin gi&a c6c vi tri deu d6 (1) va (2)

v-

Lo

nrnol

TCVN 6735 :2000

Phg luc H

(qui dinh)

ft nhdt ph5i ding hai ddu dd xi€n tr6n chidu ddy

nget hon dd ph6t hiQn drJoc nhi€u hon c5c ch6H.l

Do

Kh(

Ci)

H.2

Tha

(

Khi

..|

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Tdt cA kich thu6c thso mm

Hinh H.2 - Kidm tra tr] mgt nh t6i toin b6 khoing

cAch budc cia mdi hin giira c6c v! tri rHu d6 (3) vi (4)

H.2 Phudng ph6p: c6c mdi ndi kh6ng thing hing

H.2.1 Qui ilinh chung

Loai ndy gdm c6c mdi ndi dat l6n, xuydn qua, kidu ch0T, ch0thdp vd c5c rndi ntji n0t.

C5c y6u cdu chung ddi vdi cdc mdi hirn ndy la mdt cgt ngang cOa toin mdi hdn vir HAZ phai dudc qu6t

it nhdt tr, m6t hu6ng, tdt hon le phai dtjdc qu6t it nhdt ttr hai hrr6ng, va tir hai mit n6ng chiy (tru c6c mdi

ndi chd thep) n6u c6 thd phai dugc qu6t vdi g6c trong kho6ng 20o so v6i ph5p tuydn c0a mdt.

Do sir cdn thidt chung ld dirng nhidu c5ch qu6t tr) cdc hrJdng kh6c nhau dd kidm tra c6c mdt n6ng chiy,khdng cdn thi6t phii qu6t th6m ddi v6i th6n mdi hAn, tru khi clrJdc ydu cdu.

Circh tdt nhdt cl6p fing c6c yeu cdu nly tu!, thu6c loai m6'i hirn (xem H.2.2l6i H.2.7).

H.2.2 C5c mdi hin nhdnh vi nhinh nh6 itit t6n (hinh H.3)

Thinh b€n cOa chi tidt A phii ch,roc qu6t:

a) girJa c5c vi tri nrla vd todn bQ khoing cech brJ6c trr mit ngoii cOa A (quet Qz) hodc

b) tdi vi tri nta khoing c6ch brl6c tUmet trong cl]a A (qu6t Pr) hoic

c) li€n hop cfra a) vA b).

Khi vi6c chon mdt trong c6c c6ch qu6t niry duoc chdp nh6n, cdn phii chri I c6c ctidm sau day:

1) Quet Pl c6 thd kh6ng ph6t hi6n duoc c6c ch6 khuydt t6t rdt gdn vdi m5t trong, dlc bi€t ndu chdn

moi hdn kh6ng dLtdc lam sach blng phun.

79

-TGVN 6735 : 2000

2) M6t thanh b6n qudr d6c trong m6t dng ddy c6 thd din ddn quang dudng di c&a chum tia si6u 6mrdl dai khi ldm vi6c d vi tri toirn b6 khoing c6ch bt6c - vi khi d6 cdn ddu dd tdn sd rhdp hon v6i khenang phan giii bi gi6m s0t.

3) Tidp can v6i met hong bi han chd c6 thd lem cho qu6t Pl khdng thuc hien dr,/dc , it nh6't c6ng tdrnkh6 khen hdn so v6i khi thuc hien qu6t e2.

Thinh b6n c0a chi tidt B phai dLluc qu{it trr m5t trong B khi c6 th6 blng c6ch dirng ddu dd thEng tdn sdtu 4 MHz d€5n 5MHz (qu6t s3). otdng kinh ddu dd phii atuuc chon ttd chlm tia c6 d6 rdng nh6 nhdt taibd mJt n6ng chiy. Khi kh6ng c6 cich ti6p c6n trd qu6t tr:r mat tong B, mit n6ng chiy cla B dr.roc kidmtra bing c6ch li6n hop c6c c6ch qu6t sau:

i) circ c6ch qu6t p1 va p2 mat trong A, dirng g6c n6ng nhdt c6 thd cho c5c phdn drrdi va gioa mdihdn' vd m6t g6c niro d6 sdu hon (chi v6i qu6t P1) cho phdn tr6n mo'i han trong sudn dien tich coamdi hdn.

ii) Qu6t Q1 khi dtngmQt g6c chirm tia n6ng.

iii)" Qu6t F1 ti, bd met mdi han de dudc mdi phgng vd d0 r6ng (t6.i thi6u 30 mm) dd deu dd c6 thd dichuydn m6t mrrc niro ct6.

iv) Qu6t R2 khi ding ddu dd xi6n sdu khoing 38 ddn 45".

Ch0 thich - Nhu chtj thich trong 9.5.1, cdn ph3i ch0 f dec bict ddn su thay ddi vd hinh hoc quanh chu vi m6i hankhr chon dau dd xren va c6c bd mat ou6t.

H.2.3 Mdi hin nhrinh cut dit t6n (hinh H.3)

cec qu6t c6 thd dr)ng dudc thub t6 cho loai ndy ld Q'l va Q2 tu m5t ngoiri cga nhenh cut. Thinh b6n c'achi tidt A s6 trudc qu6t gi0a vi hi nrra vd todn b6 khoing c6ch bu6c (qu6t e2) d0ng ddu dd xi6n trongkholng 10' v6i phdp tuydn c0a mit n6ng chiy.

Nr''a du'di c|3a thanh b6n coa chi tidt B s6 duoc qu6t blng c6ch dirng g6c chirm tia c6 th6 ding ctr-roc thdpnhdt (hoic 8 c6c vi tri t6i nr'ra khcing c6ch br-ldc hoic gi0a n[ra vA toan b6 khoing c6ch br-r6c) va nrhtr€n ding g6c chirm tia sau hdn dd c6 thd tdi ch6n phia tr6n c0a sudn mdi hirn.

H.2.4 Cic mdi hin 6'ng xuy6n qua - mQt phia (hinh H.4)

Loai mdi n6'i nay c6 nhing tfnh chdt si6u am tuong tr.r nhu 6-ng ndi ddt l€n, trir khi c6c chi ri6t A vd B ldnguoc v6i nhau vd cdu tr0c hinh hoc mdi ndi vA nhidu chtl thich cho m6'i n6i nh5nh vi dng cldu c6 thd 6pdung cho loai m6'i ndi Clang x6t.

Khi c6 thd, thdnh b6n c|ja chi ti6t A sc dwc qu6t tir b6n trong c0a chi tidt A (qu6t p3) vdi cfSu dd rh5ngmd n6 hoic cta duoc tao ben kinh phi hop arudng kinh kong (6p dung ttudc chi v6i ddu dd 2 tinh thd)hodc la c6 dr-rdng kinh kh6 nh6 dd c6 thd thoi m6n vi6c ti6p xtc am v6i b6n hong vd c6 thd rtr,oc si/dung mi kh6ng bi hic lic.

N

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-------

TCVN 6735 : 2tXt0

tl6u mtt trong coa A ta kh6ng tidp cin dtroc khi cdn thid.r :hanh b6n phai dLqc qu6t blng cich ddng m6ti6n hop c6c qu6t s't, Rl, R2, 02 vaF2dd bao phrl toAn b0 chi6u siu coa lhinh b€n v6i cac g6c tdi w.l5c thdnh b6n coa chi ti6t B phei driqc qu6t v6i g6c trong khoing 10" so v6i ph6p tuydn khi dong c6ch1u6t R2 hay Sl ho{c li6n hgp c0a cA hai, phu thu6c vAo chiCu ddy kim loai co bAn vA khoirng ttutsng tli:0a chim si6u dm cdn thi6t v6i cbc g6c tdi w va vio c6ch tidp c?n t6i mit trong coa B.

lvlSt trong

Hinh H.3 - Mit cdt cria mdi hin nhAnh xuy6n qua, nh6nh nh6 hay nh6nh cut

Mat trong

.

i

or

Y

{!,

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6.

s3

chi r,6i B

F1

chi ridr A(nhanh, nh6nhnhanh cut)

al

Chi tie'. B

Hinh H.4 - M5t cit cia m6'i hin 6'ng xuy6n qua (mgt phia)

81

TCVN 6735 : 2000

H.2.5 CCu tr6c mdi ndi chrT vir mdi ndi nh6nh nh6 xuy6n qua hai phla (hinh H.5)

C6c phudng ph6p kidm tra se tuong tU nhucec phLldng ph6p drfic qui clinh cho c5c m6i ndi nh6nh nM

xuyen qua mot phla trtr trr.tdng hgp c5c m6i ndi drrong x6t phii duqc coi li hai mdi hAn mot phla ri6ng

biet quay lung vao nhau.

H.2.6 C6c mdi n5i chothQp (hlnh H.6)

Dic didm coa logi nAy lA c5c thAnh b6n coa chi ti6t A khdng thd kidm tra dLQc vdi mot chirm tia thEng

g6c v6i md,t nong chAy. C6c thAnh b6n A phAi duuc qu6t ta, cac bC m{t tr6n vA drfi c0a chi ti6t B tren ca

hai phfa c0a chi ti6t A. Phii qu6t t6i vi tri mot n&a bUdc (qu6t Sl va R1) hoAc gilla c6c v! tri mot nfra va

toin bQ kho3rng c6ch btl6c (qu6t 52 vt R2) n6u chi6u ddy c0a B nh6 hon 50 mm. C5c thanh ben cga chi

ti6t B phai drjoc ki6m tra nhuddi vdi mdi n6i choT.

Phta 2

chi ti6r BPhia 1

,/

chi ridr A

/ pniu to2

P1 P] Pl Mai trong ?nia z

Hinh H.5 - tllt ctt c0a mdi hirn chfrT vi nhinh nh6 xuy6n qua (2 phia)

Chr tidr A

rll

Hinh H.6 - M;t cit cia mdi n6'i chothAp

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H.2.7

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TCVN 5235 : 2000

H.2,7 CAc mdi ndi not (x.m hinh H.7 din H.12)

Dec tinh crla c6rc mdi ndi not nghi6ng li c6'su thay ddi rdt nhi6u vd c5u trrjc hinh hoc crla mdi hdnquanh chu vi do cl6 lAm thay ddi virng qu6t mgi hin c6 thd dat duuc vdi bdt k! ddu dd neo. Vi ly do neo,

hinh chidu mdt c't ngang c|]a mdi hdn thtng g6c v6i truc mdi hrin phii Ctritrc v6 ,t nhdt v6i ba vi tri (A, B,

C) nhu minh hoa tren hinh H.7 vd H.8.

Cht thich I - Hinh chidu c0a mat c5t ngang phu them tai cec didm D, E va tai bdt ky vi tri neo khi c6n thi6t atd

x6c dinh vi tri hogc kich thr.tdc c6c ch6 khuydt tgt nfr6 r6t cdn drjoc sl} dung.

M6i hinh chi6u phAi hinh biy profin thub c|]a mdi hen, duoc x6c dinh bdi mey ato profin hoic blngphUong ti6n twng tu va tl6 cong thub doc theo met phtng qu6t c0a kim loai co bin han at6 ti6n hAnh

viec qu6t- OQ cong nAy dudc x6c dinh ngay tren miii han cdn kidm tra bing thufc cong d6 u6'n hay blnglinh to6n nhLt tr6n hinh H.12.

Chti thich 2 - Viec khing dinh khogng c6ch brtdc va khoang ati coa cha,m tia tudng gng cho bjr kg vi tri naoquanh mdi hen c6 thd thu dudc theo c6ch sau dev;

Hinh H.7 - Hinh chidu phing c0a mdi hin n0tnghiEng tlidn hinh, trinh bey c5c vi tri cria mit

Hinh H.8 - Hinh chi6'u cgnh cria mdi hen n0t,trinh biiy sg phin chia thinh cic ving qu6t

cit ngang mdi hin

oat tach bi6t cec ddu dd thu phat c6 cing m6t g6c nhLr dr.tdc dirng dd kidm tra m6i han hu6ng vao nhau doc theodlldng thEng g6c v6i truc m6i han ve vi tri coa ch0ng sao cho thu drJdc chidu cao xung la cuc dai. Sau tl6 c6c ddudo sc dtJdc dlt a khoang bang khodng cech budc va n6u nhLr gdc thdi gian dudc chudn theo c6ch binh thr.rdng, thivi tricrla xung phAn xa s6 chi khoAng tti cr]a chDm tia t6i vi tri n&a khoang c6ch budc.

lhu vi c0a mdi hdn dddc chia tdi thidu thdnh 3 vr)ng kidm tra, t& hon ld 5 vd hinh chi6u cga mdt citrgang qua md-i hAn vd kim loai co bin ph6i dufoc dirng dd chon g6c ddu d6 tdi rn,1 va cac met qu6t, ddc)iet dUng dd x6c dinh gi6i han cOa c6c vDng qu6t tai c6c vi tri kh6c nhau quanh chu vi.

(hi c6 thd thuc hien atuuc viec tidp cdn, ci hai mat cr]a chi tidt A phai dtrgc qu6t tdi vi tri nta kho6ng:6ch bu6c (qu6t Q1 vi P l) bSng c6ch dDng 3 g6c ddu db. N{!u kh6ng ti€ip can dudc mat trong, phai thuc

83

TCVN 6735 : 2000

hi6n vi€c qu6t th€m h6n bd mit ngodi gi0a c6c vi tri m6t ntla vd toin b6 khoing c6ch br.l6c (qu6t Q2)

blng c5ch ding tdi thidu hai g6c ddu dd.

ThAnh b6n B coa mdi hdn phli dhJdc quet ttr mit trong coa chi tidt B blng c5ch ding ddu dd thtng tdn

s6 4 MHz + 5 MHz (qu6t 53) . Viqc qu6t th6m blng cl6u dd xi6n c0ng dubc thub hi6n trr bd mdt nAy

(qu6t 51 vA 52) dd kidm tra bd xung cho thlnh b€n A vA ttd tm c6c vdt nrrt b6n trong chi ti6t B.

Chr ti6f/A

chi ri6r A

Mat trong

Hinh H.9 - Mil cif qua vtrng A cria m6'i ndi nrit Hinh H.10 - MAt c5t qua ving B cia m6i ndi nrit

chi tiei A

d 1 Mdt trong

Hinh H.l1 - MAt c5t qua ving C cia m6'i n6'i nritHin

H.3

chiimdi

mdi

chi6

BrJ6'

kh6r

dr

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_____I

TCVN 6735 : 2000

H.3 Virng chidu si6u im

Chidu dAi toAn b6 hodc chu vi m6'i hAn phiri dr,loc kidm tra doc theo c5c dtrdng qu6t vu6ng g6c v6i truc

mdi hAn. Chidu ddi c0a c6c dr.Jdng qu6t phAi sao cho c6 dr/gc srt chi€u si6u im toirn b6 mdt c6t ngang

mdi hln bao gdm ci c5c vung chiu 6nh hudng nhi6t, tru nhtnrg vDng trong cl6 khi qu6t c6 dU dinh chi

chi€u m6t virng ri6ng cOa mdi hen.

Brr6c coa c5c dudng qu6t kh6ng drjoc vuut qu6r 0,8 bd rong c0a bi6n t8. Tdc.dQ di chuydn c0a ddu dd

kh6ng vuut que 100 mm/s.

Ch0 thich - Trong khi qu6t ding ddu dd xi6n, khi di chuydn non quay nhe ddu dd mOt g6c t6i 10" ve hai ben cfla

dudng thAng g6c v6i truc mdi hdn, didu nay gi0p cho viec ph6t hidn cAc ch6 khuygt tat nem Ech mOt g6c nh6 so

v6i truc mdi han.

Bdt ki mQt hqn chd ndo g6y ra do kh6 tidp c6n, cdu hinh, su m)i bd mtt mdi hdn kh6ng thich hop thj

ngudi thuc hi6n phii qhi lai, vd 5nh hr-tdng c0a n6 l6n viec thrc hi6n chidu si6u dm todn bd mdi han ddi

v6i c6c mrrc chdp nh?n da thoa thuan phii cltruc tld c6p trong b6o c6o.

I

D: ch./dng kinh c0a chi ti6t

AB: lA duong qu6t thSng g6c v6i truc mdi hin d didm ID,: lir dlfdng kinh hi6u dung doc theo dudng qu6t AB vi D,

Hinh H.12 - i;nh toen dudng kinh hi6u dun6 tai g6c bdt ky atdi v6i

cos a

truc c&a m6t chi tidt trdn

85

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phg lgc J

(qui dinh)

Vil

ch

C5c phuong ph5p qu6t moi hin dd tim c5c ch6 khuydt tit ngangJ.:

Vii

vdJ.1 Phuong phip: c6c m6-i ndi gi6p m6p thing hdng, bi mit mdi hErn duoc mii

phii chon circ g6c ttdu dd dd dam bao su chidu tia trong khoAng 20" d'o vdi ph6p tuydn coa mdt phtng

thEng (lrrng qua toan b6 mdt c5t mdi han, vA trong trtrdng hop c6 thd trong khoing 10" so v6i ph6rp

tuydn. V6i v6t liQu ddy hon 15 mm phEri ding ft nhdt 2 g6c atdu dd

C6c mdi han trong vit liQu phEng vi cdrc m6i hdn doc trong citc chi ti€it hinh tru trdn r6ng phAi dr&c

kidm tra theo hai hu6ng doc theo chidu dAi crla ch0ng. C5c mdi han da dudc mAi, chidu day trgn 50 mm

vir c5c mdi hAn chrla mli chidu ddy tr€n 35 mm phii tlttoc kidm lra tt/ hai bd mat khi c6 thd ti6p can

dudc. Cac mdi hirn c6 chidu ctdy nh6 hon c6c chidu ddy n6i tren phai dudc kidm tra it nhdt tiJ m6t bd

mdt. Vdi c6c m6'i hln ddy tren 15 mm phai ding hai hay nhidu g6c ddu dd vA khi qu6tthudng phai t6i vi

tri nu! kho|ng c6ch br.rbc (xem ch0 thich 1). C6c mdi hdn chi€u ddy nh6 hon 15 mm phAi drJoc ki6m tra

it nhdt v6i mdt g6c cldu dd vd t6i vi tri todn b6 khoAng cdrch brjdc.

Cac mdi hirn th6o chu vi trong cec chi ti6t hinh tru trdn r6ng phAi dr-toc ki6m tra tir mf;t ngodi theo hai

hu6ng doc theo mdi htrn tdi vi tri m6t nta khoAng c6ch budc beng c6ch dirng nhidu goc cldu cid theo ydu

cAu dd dam b6o chim tia trong kholng 10'so v6i ph6p tuydn crla mdt phEng xuyen tam tiai moi d6 siu

qua chidu ddy mdi han.

Ch0 thfch 1 - Trcn c6c mdi han dey t6i 50 mm, viec quet c6 thd ma r6ng dd c6 thd bao ph0 c6c vi tri til mot n0a

tdi toan bO khoang c6ch bd6c, mi6n la didu nay kh6ng cen phei dUng chieu dai dddng di chim sieu 5m qua mtc'

va thenh atay la nhgn va ddng tam vdi mat ngoai.

phai tdn hdnh qu6t them blng ddu dd xi6n theo hai hu6ng dd kidm tra virng gdn bd mdt cOa mdi hin.

N6i chung moi vi6c qu6t phii dubc thrjc hi6n v6i ddu dd tu 4 MHz ddn 5 MHz vi chung c6 khi ndng

phan giai cao hdn va d0 nh?y ldn hon v6i cdc v5t phin xa nh6.

Ch0 thich 2 - TrCn mdi han c6 chidu ddy trAn 75 mm, dAc biet E noi chi c6 thd tidp cen dd quet tir m6t mat thi do

dac trung tir ddn thdp hdn va dung sai l6n hdn ddi v6a c6c ch6 khuydt tat c6 hu6ng kh6ng thuan ldi nen cec deu

do tdn sci thSp hdn (2 MHz + 3 MHz) s6 c6 nhitng rru didm.

ViQc higu chinh phii theo didu 5 vd dg nh?y kidm tra phii theo 10.2.2 (hodc theo mtrc kidm tra 4 khi c6

thoa thuan gi0a c5c b€n kf hqp d6ng).

Khoing kidm tra clfc dai khdng vudt qu5 200 mm v6i circ ctdu dd trr 4 MHz ddn 5 MHz. Ldn hon khoang

ndy, phii ding c5c ddu dd ttr2 MHz d6n 3 Mhz.

J.2 Phudng phip: c6c mdi hin gi5p m6p thEng hing, bi mit mdi hin kh6ng mii

ViCc qu6t drjdc ep dung nhu ddi v6i mdi hdn d5 mii (J.1) tnt trudng hdp la kh6ng thd 6p dung dJdc c6c

qu6t th6m cfdi v6i virng gdn bd mit mdi hln,

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vi(

thc

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i€c hi6u chinh, dQ nhiy, €n s6 cldu dd, khoing drJdng d; crlc dai c8a chlm tia si6u dm phai thr.rc hiCn

1i tigt nhu trong J. l .

.3 Phuong phrp: c5c mdi ndi kiCu chir T, cht thip vi g6c

iec quet drJuc ding nhu trinh bAy tr€n hinh J.l . Viec qu6t PT dudc 6p dung v6i c6c m6i ndi ki6u ch' Ti g6c vd viec quet ST ddi vdi cl ba loai mdi ndi.

Cho thich 1 - G6c cdu dd phAi cAng nong cang tdt thich hdp v6i viec tr6nh cho dudrg di coa chim tia dai qu6

mfc.

Cho thich 2 - N6n thrjc hien viec gu6t v6i cahai loai ddu dd 4 MHz + 5 MHz ve 2 MHz + 3 MHz, vi vi6c ding tdn

sd thdP hdn c6 thd cai thi6n kha n6ng ph6t hien c6c v6t phan xa atuoc dinh hr.l6ng kh6ng thuen toi va cong c5 thdding dudng di crla chi:m tia sieu am dai hdn ma kh6ng c6 srJ suy giAm qua mt c.

i6c hi6u chinh phai theo di€u 5 vi dO nh?y ki6m tra phei theo t0.2.2 (hoec theo mrlt kidm tra 4. nhuoi lhuen gilra c6c b6n kg hgp d6ng).

4 Ving chidu si6u im: c6c mdi hjrn giip m6p thEng hdrng

ni mit tlinh mdi han dutoc mAi ngang blng vdi v6t li€u co bin, chidu dai toen b6 c&a mdi han phei atrJdc

dm tra theo hai hu6ng doc theo m6t sd c6c ttr.dng qu6t song song qua bc r6ng mdi hirn va HAZ nhunh bay tren hinh J.2.

tdc cla cac dtrong qu6t khong vuut qu6 0,8 chi€u rdng c0a bidn t0 vd to-c rlQ di chuydn cga ddu ddl6ng vLtdt qu6 100 mm/s.

ong qu6 kinh qu6t cdn quay di quay lai ddu dd dd c6 thd ph6t hi6n c6c ch5 khuy€lt tet c6 g6c lQch mQtrrlt tldi v6i mit phEng ngang.

'udng hdp mdtdinh m6'i hdn kh6ng dudc mai phlng, torin b6 chidu ddi mdi hAn phai dupc kidm tra theoti htl6ng ti/ hai phia coa m6'i hAn vdi cldu dd thr,ldng xuy€n dao d6ng nhrr hinh bAy tr6n hinh J.3. T6-c d6chuy6n ddu dd kh6ng vubtque 100 mm/s.

it ky sr'/ h?n ch€i ndo gay ra do kh6ng tidp can dudc, cdu trrirc hinh hoc hoac, su mii bd mdt mdi hdnr6ng lhfch hdp thi ngudi thub hien phai ghi lai vi lnh hrrdng c0a n6 l€n vi6c chi6u si6u Am todn b6 m6-irn ddi v6i c6c mrrc chdp nhAn da thoa thuan phii duuc tt€ cdp trong b6o c6o.

5 Vring chi6l si6u im: cdc mdi n6-i kidu ch0 T, chir thip vi g6c

rii thrc hien qu6t PT theo ci hai phia doc theo c5c drrdng qu6t song song ttd chi6u si€u im b€ r6ngin b6 mdi hdn. Br.rtc c0a c5c drJdng qu6t kh6ng vudt que 0,8 b6 rong crra bi€ln t0.

Cht thich I - Trong que trinh quot, c6 thd quay nhe ttdu d6 m6t g6c tdi 10" vd hai phfa so v6i ruc m6i han, d6giop cho viac ph6r hien c6c ch6 khuygt iat nem tech m6t g6c nh6 so v6i mai ph6ng ngang.

87

TCVN 6735 : 200O

Phei thr,F hi6n qu6t ST theo ca hai hr.6ng doc theo drJung qu6t Cton tr6n m6i phfa c0a mdi hin cAng gdn

sr-dn mdi hdn cAng tdt. G6c 0 girla ddu dd v6i truc m6i hAn phii tftlpc tinh to6n dd dam t€o chum si6u6m qua tim cr]a mdi hAn trdn phia d6i dien coa mdi ndi.

Cho thich 2 - N6u cgn thi6t, dd chi6u dudc toan bO mat cdt m6i han, viec qu6t nAy cdn phei tep tai v6i m6t hay

nhi6u g6c kh6c nhau v6i truc m6i hAn.

Chuydn ddng quay dao d6ng nho khi di chuydn ddu dd trong qu6 trinh qu6t gi0p cho vi6c chi6u si6u 6mtoirn bd th6 tich mdi hin. /

M6i noi g'6c hoac chrf, T

a) M6'i ndi g6c hodc chfi T

Mdi n6i g6c

b) Mdi ndi s6c

Mdi ndi chi thdo

c) Mdi ndi cht thdp

1 - c6c cdch qu6t ddtim c5c ch6 khuy6"t €t ngang: cic mdi ndi khong th6ng hingHinh J.

{

TCVN 6735 :2000

Hrr6ng chuydn dOng crla dCu dd song song v6ri truc m6i hln

ChiCu rQngm6i hAn

Hinh J.2 - C5c c5ch qu6t ttd tim c6c ch5 khuy€'t tit ngang:

Ddu dd dao ilQng 1 g6c 10o trong khi di chuydn doc theo mdi hAn

Ch0 thich 1 - Hu6ng chuydn d6ng ctdu dd song vdi trgc mdi hdn

Cirr] thich 2 - C6c quettrr(1) d6n (4) c6 thd dugc thgc hign l6n hjgt

Hinh J.3 - Quet ddtim cic ch6 khuy€-t tat ngang: khi bi mit duoc hin

----___,/

. ,/z' 'Chi6u r6ng

c.q

TCVN 6735 :2000

Phq lqc K(qui clinh)

Ghudn b! dudng cong hiQu chinh biGn d6 / khoing c6ch (DAG)

K.1 Khdi th&

Dang coa khdi th0 thich hop cho viec ve drdng cong DAC ddi v6i ddu dd thEng hodc ctdu dd xi6n ttr-oc trinh

bdy tr€n hinh K.1. Kich thr.r6c c0a kMi, sd 16 vir khoing cach gi0a c6c 16 sao ctio toan b6 khoing kidm tra ctd

kidm tra mdi hbn phii dtlqc chidu sieu am il nhdt 4 6 c6 kho3ng ciich gdn blng nhau. C6c 16 phai c6 ttr.1gng

kinh 3 mm dr6c khoan ngang v6i truc chJm tia (c6c 16 khoan b6n) vir dr.oc dirng cho c6c vi tri tt/ 0 at€in m6t

nfa khoSng c6ch br,6c hoec m6t nra khoing c6ch br:6c d6n toAn M kho6ng c5ch br-r6c.,l

o6'i vdi c6cvi tri til 0-; khoingc5chbtt6chayki6mtragdnmdt,kholngc6ch16gdnnhdttdi b€mita

kidm tra coa kh6'i kh6ng vuot qu6 T/8 hay 6 mm, Idy tri sd ndo ldn hon. Cec 16 cdn lai s6 c6ch gdn tldu

nhau theo chidu ddy.

Khcii rh& phai le, hoec:

a) du6i dang khdi thtlv6i muc dich chung, duoc ch6 tao theo cdcy6u cdu cfra 3.1,3.2 vir 4,5,6 ct]a

BS 2704:1978 c6 pgh-a lA blng v5t liQu c6 cl6 suy gi6m thdp d6ng nhdt vA duoc gia c6ng tdi d6 nhSn

bd mit vir dung sai vd kich thr-ii6e qui dinh hodc,

b) c6 cirng tinh chdt 6m hgc, dQ nh5n bd mdt vd hinh dang nhuchi tidtcdn phii kidm tra.

Ch0 thich - Trong trudng hdp a) vicc hi€u chinh d6i vdi d6 suy giam va tdn hao ti6p xoc c6 th6 tA cdn thidt rrd6c

khi dfdng cong DAC dudc ap dung truc tidp.

Khi kim loai cd ban c6 b5n kinh ngoii nh6 hdn 250 mm, thi chi tidt ki6m tra cong c6 ban kinh ngoai

trong khoing !25o/o so v6i b6n kinh ngo)i cOa kim loai co bin. Ndu cec met c0a kim loai cd ban kh6ng

song song ve c0ng kh6ng cl6ng tim, thi phai ding khdi thfr b).

K.2 Qui trlnh chi ti6it

Drldng cong DAC phai dudc ve trrc tidp tren mbn cl]a m6y ki6m tra khuy6t tat (xem hinh K.2) hoic v6

tr6n dd thi ri6ng. Trong trrJdng hdp sau bi6n d6 c0a chi thi theo d6xiben hay milimet dudc v6 tr6n truc

thEng drrng (truc Y) vd khoing tlurdng di crla chim tia theo truc ngang (truc X).

Cac bu6c ti6n hdnh nhu sau:

a) Chudn thang thoi gian dd phir hop vdi todn b6 khoAng ki6m tra thr:, duoc dilng.

b) Chon c6c 16 phSrn xa dirng cho tltldng cong DAC vi didu chinh vi tri ddu dd dd thu dt/oc chidu cao

xung phin xa ldn nhdt tir 16 cho bi6n dd cao nh6t. Vi6c didu chinh ney khdng cdn thidt lA xung phinxa E khoing ngdn nhdt.

c) Didu chinh hO sd thuy€lch dai dd thu drroc chidu cao xung ph6n xa tir 16 chi€jm B0 % chidu caotoin mirn, vi d6nh ddu vi tri c0a dinh xung phin xa tr6n min holc v6 chidu cao c0a xung ph|n xa virkhoeng dLrdng di c0a chirm tia tren m6l Cd thi ri6ng.

d)

ldn

e)

f)

chi

na)

K.3 |

K.3-1

Khi dlcho pl

mdi h,

Cht

dqn

dtld

K.3.2

a)

b)

c)

chi(

con

d)

83..

0lkhu

I

TCVN 6735 : 2000

d) Kh6ns rhay d6i t€ s6 khuydch dai coa thidt bi, di€u chlrrn vi iii cfu ddu d6 dd thu dr-cc bi6n dO ctJD itai

tdn h,ot v6i c5c 16 kh5c vd holc ddrnh d6u dinh xung ph6n x? tr6n r6n hotc v€ tr6n t!6 thi ri6rE.

e) Ndi cac di6m dE d6nh ddu tren man ho4c tren dd thi, ta 6llJc duJng cong DAC cho ddu dd cu thd niry.

f) chi dO nhay tai d6 drJdng cong DAC tl6 ttr.tpc vd thoo chudn ddi chidu dd dAt he s6'khuy€lch dai vi

chi6u cao xung phin x? ti, m6t kh6'i tht thich hqp thi du b6n klnh 100 mm coa mau chudn V'. Didu

ndy cho ph6p d6 dang dat hi d0 nh?y theo mLrc DAC mt kh6ng c6n ding khdi thf/ DAc dac bi9t.

3 Hi6u chinh atdi vdi suy giAm vi tdn hao khi truyin

3.1 Qui allnh chung

ri d?t dO nhay qu6t cub tidu hodc khi clo chi6u cao xung phin xa li6n quan t6i dutsng cong DAC 3 mm,

ro ph6p c6 sukh6c nhau vrrd que 2 dB vd d0 suy gi6m hay hi6u sudt tidp xoc gi&a kim loai co bin crla

di han va khdi thll ding dd vd d6 thi dr-tdng cong DAC.

Ch0 thiCh - Cec phudng phep cho c6c ddu dd xi6n va thAng duoc chi tidt ho6 trong K.3.2 ve K.3.3 cdn phAi sir

dung chi m6t gia tri nieu chlnh la kgt hdp cho ca suy giAm vA tdn hao khi truydn (kh6c bigt v6i cAc gia tri so s6nh)

atrJdc m6 tA trong phu iuc Q. Cac phudng phap sau la phi hdp hdn khi s& dung kgt hdP v6i he DGS.

.3.2 Phudng phip cho c5c iliiu dd thlng

6c brJdc cen tidn hlnh nhu sau:

a) Chudn tharg thdi gian.

b) Dit ddu dd l6n kh6i th0DAC dd thu dtoc chudn xung phin xa tl6y A1, A2, A3, A4 ..

c) Ghi tei vi6c dit hQ sd khuydch dai (theo dB) cdn thidt khi ldn lr-rot drJa xung phin xa t6i 80 o/o

chi€u cao toan man vA chdm gi6 tri nay ung v6i khoing cft.ldng cfi chirm tia ch6 m6i xung (xem tft.tdng

cong A cOa hinh K.2).

d) Dat lai vi tri c0a ddu dd trdn vdt li6u cdn alo dd thu duuc m6t chu6i xung phSn x3 tU d6y B', Br,

Bg... vA llp lai bu6c C v6 ttrldng cong B.

e) Ngoai suy ci hai ift-ldng cong lii lai kho6ng tto bAng 0,

0 Sil tdn hao vd bi6n tt6 xung do suy giim vd srr thi€iu hut do k6m tidp x0c lA stJ khac nhau vd hQ sd

khuydch clai giOa hai drJdng cong E khoAng do tuong (thg.

Tdi thidu 3T + 50 mm

.i = chidu dAy cia klm loai co ban li6n ki "noi han dudrc kidm tra

91

TCVN 6735 :2000Tdi thidu c6 4 16 khoan ruy6n ngang tit mlt b6n, iluBng kinh 3 mm

-------l

f/2 .25 nn nn

c) Cec vi tri ddu dd xi6n

h

fl

tr

s

n

kl

D100

80ts

ooc-16

6t..] -;-

Dudng cong DAC tlon giSn cho tld u dd thEng Dtldng cong DAC don giin cho tldu dd xiOn

b) Oudng cong DAC don giin cho ddu dd th8ng d) Dudng cong DAC don giSn cho ddu dd xi€n

Hinh K.2 - V6 dudng cong DAC

K.3.3 Phuong phip cho cric ddu dd xi6n

Phuong phap n-y rldi h6i dUng m6t cdp cldu dd s6ng ngang gidng h€t nhau, c6 g6c chi€lu trong khoing

40" d6n 50" vd c6 ctrng tdn sd nhu c5c ddu dd da duoc dirng cho vi€c kidm tra mdi hin tidp sau

C6c brr6c ti6n hAnh nhu sau:

a) Chudn thang thdi gian dirng ddu dd xiCn ddn.

b) Oat hai ddu dd xi6n tr€n khoi th0 DAC dd dutgc il-rdng di coa chim tia theo cho V nhu trinh blY

tr6n hinh K.3a) vdi c6c ddu dd hoat d6ng nhtr phdn phdt, phdn thu ri6ng 16. Didu chinh vi tri ddu dd

dd c6 chidu cao xung phen xa cuc dai vir ghi vi6c ttft h6 s6'khuydch dai cfra m6y dd khuyCt tat (A1)

theo dB, dr/dc yeu cdu dd dr.la cl6 cao xung phin xa t6i 80 % d6 cao toirn min.

Hinh K.1 - Khdi thitcho dudng cong DAC

a) C6c vi tri ddu dd thEng

100

c'(!

FoEe

o.,6 rnc6 tr

0

93

TCVN 5735 : 2000

Dtt hai ddu dd tr6n khdi DAC dd dijoc dudng di chirm tia theo ch0 W nhu trinh bery tren hinh

3b) vd lai lAm cho chiCu cao coa xung phAn xa crlc d?i va ghi lai gie tri dit hQ s6'khuydch dai v6i

ridu cao c0a xung phin xa chi6m 80 7o chi6u cao toin min.

hll thioh - Ndu kh6i rhfr DAC khong d0 dai dd cho phep cec ddu dd d6t dttdc c6c vi tri nAy, m6t phudng ph6p

rec cho ta cr:rng gi6 tri A2 dudc m6 te trong K.3.4.

Lap hi bu6c c) cho vi tri thr? 3 (xem hinh K.3c), ndu chidu ddi cOa kh6'i thi/cho ph6p (dat hQ sd

ruy6ch ttai A3), ndu kh6ng bu c ndy c6 th6 b6 qua.

r LIp lai c6c br.rr6c b) vd c) vdi ddu dd trdn vdt li6u cdn ki6m tra vi ghi 96c gia tri dat he sd khuy6ch

Ai tdn tr.rgt Bl vb 82. Ldp lai bu6c d) cho gi6 tri dat hg sd khuydch ttqi 83 n6u c6 th6, ndu khdng

Lr6c niry co thd b6 qua.

V6 dudng cong qua c6c didm A,, Aa vi A3 vir duong cong qua c6c ttidm B1 vi 82 (va 83) nhu

inh bay tren hinh K.4.

) Ngoai suy ci hai ttudng cong tr6n tdi khoing tfo 0.

) Srr tdn hao vd bi6n d6 xung phAn xa do su suy hao vir giim hi6u sudt tidp x0c lir hi6u hai h6 sd

ruydch ttai (Gr - Gj tr6n..hinh 33) gita hai dudng cong d cirng mQt khoang do thich hop. Dudng cong

AC co bin, ve theo K.2 biy gid c6 thd dubc vC lai kdt hop nh0ng hi$u chinh nAy'

a) DAt he sd khuy6ch dai Ar (hay Br)

.b) Dat he s6'khuydch clai Az (hay Bz)

.c) Dat he sd khuYdch dai A: (hay B:)

Hinh K.3 - C6c vi tri cria tldu d6 dd ve cic cludng cong hiCu chinh DAC

TCVN 6735 : 2(Xl0

K.3.4 Phudng ph6p khtc cho cic dtu dd xiin

Khi c6c khdi th0 DAC kh6ng ilo ddi dd cho ph6p cac ddu dd c6 thd dAt dd c6 dildng di chirm tia theo chf

W tld co thd thu dugc gi6 tri dit hQ sd khuydch il4i A2, c6c qui trinh sau dAy s6 clrr-Uc cMp nhin:

Hinh K.4 - Phuong ph6p xic dinh hQ sd hiQu chintr cho dudng cong DAC

a) ThUc hi6n cic brrdc a) vA b) c0a K.3.3.

b) Dung chi m6t trong cac ddu dd xi6n d tr6n, lim cuc d?i xung phln xa tug6c cr]a khtji thf' tai vi tri

mot nrla khoAng c6ch brj6c vd ghi lei gi5 tri dat he sd khuygch dei A. dd tftJa chi6u cao c0a xung

ph3n xa 80 % chi6u cao toAn mAn.

c) Lip tai brj6c b) v6i ddu dd d vi tri toan b6 kholng c6ch brr6c vd ghi lai gi6 tri tlit A..

d) Tinh toirn gi6 tri dlt& (theo dB) phtlctng trinh sau:

Az=Ar+(As-&)

e) X0 lV nhU m0 ti trong cAc bu6c e), 0, g) ve h) c0a K 3'3.

.o-c

xc

E9-oi;o-JE _rq

i(,!soP

' ol-€

fi.P

Dr.long cong chovat lieu cdn kiCm tra.(ttudng cong B)

Ouang dudng di cga chim tia (mrn)

94

L.l c

L.1.1

Bidu d

c(Jb tt?

L.1.2

Bidu d

tilng m

quat,phin x

I

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phu h4c L

(qui dinh)

Anh cia xung phin xg dgng

C6c lo?i Anh cia xung phln xa il6ng

,1 Anh I

u di6n theo c6ch qurit A, drrfi dang mQt xung nhon ddn tilng mOt cach trdn tru v€ bi6n tt6 v6i gi6 tri

d?i, tn 6c khi giim mot c6ch tron tru tdi gi6 tri 0. Hinh L.1 trinh bay lnh 1 til v?t phAn xa didm.

.2 Anh2

u di6n theo c6ch qu6t A m6t xung phAn xa nhon don cho moi vi tri ddu dd. Khi qu6t ttdu dd, bi6n tlQ

I mgt c6ch trdn tru t6i dang qui ddi, vd n6 drrgc giil E mtrt d6 v6i theng deng vd bi6n d6 kh6ng vrJdt

+ 4dB khi di chuydn ddu dd, tru6c khi giAm mQt c6ch trdn tru t6i 0. Hinh 1.2 trinh bdy anh 2 tU vat

n xa phEng, nh5n, rOng gdn tia t6i thEng g6c.

, t'un uu

IQuet krdu A

Khoang do

Vi tri dau do

Bidu di6n didn hinh thsohudng xuyon qua bd ddy

BiCu di6n didn hinh theohr./6n9 b6n (chidu dai)

Thay ddi dinhbien d6 tin hi6u ,

Hinh L.1 - Anh xung phin x? itOng tUvit phin xa di6m

95

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Tnay c& vC chtrcoa bien d0 tin hi6u

B'(u di6n di6n hinh theohudng ben (chidu dai)

Vi tri d6u d0

1rBien do

| /l eu6t ki6u A

| **J L* *hodns do

Bidu di6n didn hinh theohu6ng xuyen qua b6 d6y

Hlnh L.2 - Anh xung phAn x? 'fQng

tU m6J vat

phAn xq phing, nhin, rOng gdn tia t6i th8ng g6c

L.l.3 Anh 3a

Bidu di6n theo c6ch qu6t A mQt xung phAn x9 co c6c m6p ddn cho mqi vi tri itdu d6. Khi qu6t ddu dd'

c6cxungthchiennh8ngthdnggi6ngngSunhi6n|6n(+6dB)vdbi6ndQ.HlnhL.3trinhbiylnh3attJ

mOt vit phSn xa rdng kh6ng ddu gdn tia tdi thEng g6c'

L.1.4 Anh 3b

Bidu di6n theo c6ch qu6t A, mot chu6i k6o dAi cAc tin hiQu (c6c tlinh phu thuoc) ban trong m6t hinh bao

xung d4ng qui chuong. Khi qu6t dau d6, m6i dinh phu chay trong hinh bao xung, bi6n d0 crrc dai c0a

ch0ng teng lOn theo hr.fdng vd tam, sau tl6 giim xu6nE.

vo

\

Tin tphAn

L.1.5

E ICU

duqc

c6c ti

HI

-

iltlli Jl-*

TCVN 6735 : 2000

'in hidu toin b0 c6 thang gi,rng ngSu nhi6n l6n (+ 6CB, vd hi6n d6. Hinh L.4 trinh biy anh 3b tr-r vAt

rhin xa kh6ng ddu rQng dlt nghiOng vdi tia t6i.

..1.5 Anh {

lidu di6n theo c6ch q0et A, mQt tl6m c6c tin hi6u ch0ng c6 thd phdn giAi ttuuc hoic kh6ng ph6n gi6i

iuoc theo phgm vi do. Hlnh 1.5 trinh bdy Anh 4 tU mot ch6 khuydt tat phrft hgp. Khi di chr.rydn ddu dd,

ic tln hiQu l?lng l6n, giim xudng ng5u nhien, tln hieu t6ch v6i nhau n6u pMn gili Ouo;c mi nhu anh 1 .

Bi€n d6' Qu6t A

Pham vi do

Vi tri ddu dd

Vet phen xa ,

'''',' ',.,\_,.____.-,.-

Bidu di6n didn hinh theohudng xuyCn qua bC day

BiCu di6n didn hinh theohd6ng ben (chicu dai)

Hinh L.3 - Anh xung phAn x4 dQng tU vat phln x9 kh6ng diu, rOng gdn tia t6i thlng g6c

97

TCW 6735:2000

98

Bian d6

Bi6u dign di n hlnh theohudng xuyen que bC ddy

Phgm vi do

Su they d6l b..n rlQ th hlfu dhh

lvi trl dgu do

Bl6u ditn diln hlnh theohlf6ng b€n (chigu deD

Hlnh L.4 - Anh xung phAn xg af9ne tarvAr phan xe kh6ng it5u, r.Ong voi taa t6i xi6n

/,.V'- i\

TCW 6735:2000

Pham vi do

C6c xung PhAn xqpham vi nggn

-" \r.

c6" rung phAn *gpham vi dei

Vi tri dCu d0

ThC hion didn hinh

Hlnh L.5 - Anh xung phln xa ifQng ti, ch6 khuyit tit bQi

su thay ddi bi6n d6 tin hi6u dlnh

oq

TCVN 6735 : 2000

L.2 Sgvi phin c6c 3nh phAn x3 dgng hgc

cdn phii hdt sr-a ch0 y tdi nhihg khoang cludng di coa chi.im tia dai, n6u cac Anh I va 2 c6 th6 dwct6ch bi6t mQt c6ch d5ng tin cAy, vi hi6u rrng nAy kh6 phit hi6n, trrr trr.rdng hdp cac vat phln xa khi t6n.

d c5c pham vi ato vLtdt qu6r 200 mm, c6c cti6m sut 20 dB tr6n c6c m6p v6t phin xa phai duoc ghi lai,

kho6ng c6ch girla chring phii so v6i c6c didm sut 20 dB theo chi6u ddy. V6i inh 1, kich thrJ6c khuygt tet

nh6 (srr kh6ng li6n tuc) bi6u kidn c6 thd le khdng, vdi 6nh 2 kich thtJdc bidu kidn s6 lA dr,rung.

C0ng cdn ph6i d{c biQt thQn trong khi qu6t tr€n cac met cong vi'lnh phin xa tt6ng hoc c6 thd thay ddi

d6rng k6. Hai thi du tren hinh L.6 va L.7 minh hoa rtidu nly. Trong trudng hgp tht nhdl, m6t v6t phln xa

didm thd hien mot dep rrng xung phin xp ttQng hoc gdn gidng lnh 2 hon td 6nh 1. cdn trong thi du th0

haid6prlrrgxungtirvdtphinxal}inh3a,trongkhid6v6im6tphtngphaithUdr,&clnh3b.

SrJ thay ddibien d6 tin higualinh met phdng

Sr./ thay ddibion dO tin hi6udinh mat conq

Vet phan xa cidm

Hinh L.6 - T6c dung cia mit cong l6n tinh chit crja inh phAn xg d6ng v6i vit phin xa didm

TG\IN 6735 :2000

Otlu d6 .

:) chi ti& phtpg

b) Chi tidt cong

h L.7 - Tdc dgng cia mft cong lCn al6p Ung xung qu5t A rtryet phln x9 phlng

10'l

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phg lgc M

(qui dinh)

M.1 x6c tlinh vi trf

Ph'.!dng ph6p x5c tlinh vi trt ch6 khuydt tat trinh bay tr6n hinh M l"

Khoeng c6ch tu dr.tdng

tam mefi hen t6i ch6danh ddu dgu d6

X5c ttlnh v! tri vir m6 ti <lic didm c6c ch6 khuvdt tat

\/i lri dir I d6 . Dang xung

Xu;'q Ph,tt Xung PhAn xa tU ch6kh6ng hoan thr6n

I\ I\I L=-.-+L rhans thdi gian

'/; I oa cnudnoidm di vao i i

cia chlm tia |_Khoeng cech c0a dudng ditheo thdi gian dE chudn

Ii[-*A0

f,l\__L0

Hinh M.l - X6c ttinh vi tri cn5 khuydt tat theo c5c vi tri kh5c nhau c0a ildu do

EI

1C?

Minh hog cac thuat ng&:

ria c0a c6c thudt ng0 qu6t bOn,

TCVN 6735 : 2000

qu6t chi6u sdu, qu6t xoay vir qu6t quy dAo duoc minh hoa tr6n hinh

-

Vel phAn xa

a) Qu6t b6n

ChuYdn dOng cira

iliLl'""'ff-i,i?,,.

Chuydn d6ngdau dd

Chuuydn ddng cua ttdudo thdng g6c vdi trucc0a ch6 khuydt tat

VAt phan xa

.-il-b) Qu6t chidu sAu

Deu do git nguyentar m6t vi tri vaxoay m6t cuhg nh6

Chuydn dong deu donhUng girl nguyenkhoang do kh6ng ddi

c) Qu6t xoay d) Qu6t quy dao

Hinh M.2 - Crc hu6ng qu6t dugc ding cho m6 tA dic tlidm c0a c6c ch5 khuydt tat

Cich ti6p cin chung rfdi vdi sg biiu thi dic tnrng

;h6 khuydt 6t drjgc md ta ddc di6m bdi vi6c quan s6t cic 6nh phin xa tl6ng hoc ctla ch0ng khi ddu

roc qu6t theo hai hLt6ng di qua va doc theo ch6 khuydt tat. c6c thdng tin quan trong kh6c nhdn

tr:r su thay d6i bien do tin hicu trong qu6t xoay va quy ttao vir theo hr.l6ng t6i cOa chDm tia sieu am.

iin ct6 t6m trt c6ch ti€lp cdn phan x? d6ng hoc v6i srr bidu thi ddc trung c0a c5c khuydt tat khi

c6c cach qudt chi theo chidu sau ve quet ben trcn hinh M.2. oidu M.4 cho la c6c hrJ6ng d6n cho

.r thd crla khuydt tat.

0 thich 1 - Mec nhan bi6t loai khuygt tet rdt higm khi thtrc hi6n dudc beng chi m6t ddu do hoac chi m6r cach

t. Thudng kidm tra vi6n phai ti6n hanh mot s6 ph6p quet bao gdm qu6t chidu seu, qu6t ben, xoay, quy atao voi)u hdn m6t hu6ng ch0m tia, vA tv d6 nhan bidt la loai khuydt tAt nao khi toai ney cho ph6p giei thich tt/ phd hdp

i tdt d c6c th6ng tin vd sieu em.

J thich 2 - vi6c xAc dinh kich thLjdc c6 thd duoc ti6n hanh ddng thoi v6i vi€c mO ta dec didm hoec theo m6t

h ri6ng 16.

/f\

103

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Su chon cac phudng ph6p cho x5c dinh kich thrJ6c c6c loai khuydt tat khac nhau phii theo M.4. Chi

c0a c6c phuUng phirp xirc rlinh kich thrl6c khec nhau thd ndo dw:c gi6i thiQu trong phu luc N.

M.4 Cic logi khuydt tAt va sY nhan bi6t chfng

M.4.1 ch6 khuydt tat diCm hinh c6u (thf dg 16 chfa khi, ngim xi nh6)

M.4.'1.1 M6 ta dic ariim

C6 ou6t b€n v2r qu6t chi6u sau cho 6nh phin x? Ct0ng hoc 1, vd qu6t xoay cong cho k6t quA nhu

Theo c6ch qu6t quV tlao ch6 khuy€it tat' kholng drrdng di chirm tia vi bi6n d0 xung phAn xa gitr

kh6ng ddi. ViQc ki6m tra tit c6c hr/6ng khErc nhau vd v6i g6c chirm tia khAc nhau thd hien mdt chidu

xung phin x? tudng cldi kh6ng Ctdi sau khi cho ph6p c6 srt kh6c nhau cc|a chi6u dAi th'ldng tli chitm

M.4.1.2 Xitc alinh kich thu6c

.V6i circ muc ttich kidm tra chdt lugng, chi6u cao c0a xung phan xa (theo dB) phAi dt'tdc tlo lien quan

.'r'dng cong DAC drrdng kinh 3 mm. Kich thtJ6c thrJc td, thudng kh6ng thd x6c dinh ddoc.

M.4.2 Ch6 khuydt qt didm phSng (thi du c6c diSn tich nh6 cia c5c mit kh6ng ngdu hoin

M.4.2.1 Qui dihh chung

Khuydt tat ndy c6 pham vi kich thu6c tudng tu nhrJ de ngu trong M.4.1 nhutrg ld phEng chrl kh6ng

cdu.

M.4.2.2 MO te afic didm

Cic6chqu6tb€nvaqu6tsaucho6nhph6nx4d6nghgclvAqu6txoaycungchokdtqu6nhtJTheoc6chqu6tquydaoch6khuy€ittat,chi6ucaocOaxungphlnxagi5mxudng6haib6nc0atuydn v6i mit phEng ch6 khuydt tit. Vdt ph6n xa cdng ldn tdc d0 gi6m cdng nhanh Vi6c ki6m ra

hrt6ng vir c5c g6c kh6c nhau cong thd hien c6 su giSm al6ng kd vd chidu cao xung ph6n xa vd ci

cul phirp tuydn v6i mlt phing ch6 khuy6t tat

M.4.2.3 X6c alinh kich thu6c

V6i c6c muc ctich ki6m tra chdt lrjdng chidu cao cvc dei c0a xung ph6n xa (theo dB) phii dtlqc

hQ v6i drrong cong DAC 3 mm. Ndu ddi h6i kich thttdc that thi cdn ph6i ldm 16 srj kh5c v6i tltx

DGS vdi tlr.rtng kfnh v?t ph6n xa c6 dang tuong duong, n6 d?i dicn cho kich thrr6c nh6 nhd't c0

cn6 tnuyrjt tat.

Chrl thich - Kich thrjdc thuc c6 thd coi le rong hdn k'ch thudc nay' phu thu6c vao su dinh hudng' dang

Su khong .rdu coa bd mdt ch6 khuygt tat, nhung sa nh6 hdn kich tht.|dc tdi thidu do dt.|dc theo cac Phddng

chuy6n ttdu do

TCVN 6735 :2000M.4.3 ch5 khuydt tat kidu soi chi (thi du dudng ngim si minh)

M.4.3.1 Qui rlinh chung

Ch6 khuydt t6t nay c6 chidu ddi nhung rdt hi6m khi do drrdc mat cat ngang.

M.4.3.2 MO ta at5c didm

ch6 khuydt tit nay thr.ldng thd hign tinh chdt nhtr 6nh 1 v6i qu6t s6u vi 5nh 2 hoic it nhi6u gidng 6nh3a) v6i qu6t b6n. Vdi qu6t xoay hay qu! dao thd hien su giam nhanh chi6u cao xung ph1n xa d cir haib6n cOa ph5p tuy6n v6i mdt phEng thtng goc v6i ch6 khuydt tet.

V6i ch6 khuydt tat ma mit c,t ngang c6 dang gdn hinh tru vi6c kidm tranhau thd hi6n chi c6 m6t stj thay ddi nh6 v6 chidu cao bien d6 xung sau

cli vdi ctidu kien t) chirm tia thtng g6c v6i truc doc coa ch6 khuv€it t6t.

vdi ch6 khuydt tet ma met cdt ngang ld phlng thi du mot giii hep hay kh6ng ngdu 6 mdt n6ng ch6y,vi6c ki6m tra ttt c6c hu6ng i g6c kh6c nhau thd hi6n m6t srr giim 16 ret vd chidu cao xung phin xa 6 cihai phia c0a ph6p tuydn vdi mit phEng ch6 khuydt tat.

M.4.3.3 Xic atinh kich thu6c

Ndu ch6 khuygt tet thd hicn nhrj enh 2 khi qu6t bdn, chidu diri c0a n6 phii ctrroc do bing phudng phapgi6m 6 dB, cdn ndu theo 6nh 3a), thi phii dDng hodc phudng ph6p bi6n d6 crJc ctai hodc phuong phSp

met c5t chim tia 20 dB.

V6i muc dich kidm ha chdt luong, mdt cdt ngang c0a ch6 khuy€lt tat phai dugc ct5nh gi6 theo chidu caocr.fc dai xung phin xa, bidu thi theo dB ddi vdi dr.fong cong DAC, dudng kinh 3 mm.

M.4.4 Ch5 khuye-t Qt khdi (thi du ngim si d?ng cdu hoic xi t6n kh6ng atiu)

.4.4.1 Qui ilinh chung

Ch6 khuy6t tat ney do dtloc cA chi6u dei va met crt ngang

4.2 MCt tA rl;c didm

ben thudng th6 hien enh phin xa rt6ng hoc 2 hay 3a. eu6t sau lhd hi6n Anh 3a hay 3b,

Qu6t xoay thd hien mdt sudep tlrrg kh6 gio'ng Anh 3b v6i c6c xung ph6n xa cao nhdt quan sat dr-rdc khitia theng g6c v6i truc doc ch6 khuy6t €t. Vi6c qu6t qu! dao thd hien srr thay ttdi kh6ng ddu vdcao c0a xung phAn xa d hai phia cOa ph6p tuydn v6i truc cOa ch6 khuydt tat.

khuydt tat niy c6 thd dL(dc ph6t hi6n trong m6t pham vi r6ng vd hudng vd g6c chirm tia v6i su dapchidu ,;ao xung phln xa kh6ng ddu.

tu c6c hr,t6ng vd c6c g6c khdc

khi hiOu chinh chi6u diri iludng

105

TCVN 6735 : 2000

M.4.4.3 Xric <tinh kich thu6c

chi6u dli phai dudc do b6nE phudng phep giim 6 dB ndi.i quan sat ddgc lnh 2 hoic bang phudng phap

bi6n ct6 crrc dqi hay pnuong phap mat cit chirm tia 20 dB ndu irnh 3a hay 3b

Kich thrj6c c0a mdt cat ngang phai dugc do blng phuong ph6p bien dd cuc dai hay profin chirm tia 20

dB'C5cph6pdondyphiiclrJgcti€lnhinhtUm6thaynhiduhU6ngv}v6inhiduhdnmotg6cchirmtia

kich thrr6c cto durgc l6n nhdt duQc coi li chinh xirc nhdt LiCn hdp cOa c6c ph6p do tir hai hay nhi6u

ht/dng|iphudngphSptdtnhdtmi6n|abem4tki6mtrad0phEngvaiongsongd6tranhduav}onh0ng

l6itrongvi6cdinhVicacb€jmetkhacnhauc&avirtph5nxa'D6tincZry<t6iv6ic6cdinhvidoctheochlmtiacaohonsov6idinhvingangtheochi6ur6ngchlmtia'

M.4.5 Ch6 khuve't tat phing (thi du nut' bi mit kh6ns ngdu)

M.4.5"1 Qui cllnh chung

Ch6rkhuydttatndyc6chi6uddivirr6ngnhr]ngchiduddyc6thdb6quav2rmltc6th6nhSnhaygdgh6.

]ffiffi;;; ;;;;;" t6i chirm si6u 6m vir sr.r gd ghd c0a bd mbt cua n6

M.4.5.2 M6 ta <Iic tlidm

C6 hai c{rch qu6t b€n v'r quet sau ddu thd hiCn hoic Anh phin xa dQnO hoc 2 hoic 3a l3b :

MQt ch6 khuydt €t c6 be mat nh5n s6 thd hiqn sV giam nhanh crla chi€u cao xung phln xa 'id ha! phie '

crSaph6ptuydnv6im4tphlngkhuydttatVdicahaicdchquetxoayvdqu!dao.MQtch6khuydttatbdl

mat gd ghd s6 thd hien 6nh 3t, cno qu6t xoay va su bi6n thien bdt thudng vc chidu cao d hai phia c0a -

phdp tuydn ddi v6i qu6t 0", uu". "i*, "ao xuns phin.xa:i.":l^t::::

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M.4,5.3 Xic dinh kich thu6c

chidu dii vir chidu r6ng phai dudc cto beng phuong ph6p giim 6 dB d6'i v6i inh 2 hay beng phuongph6p bi6n d0 ctJc d?i hay mit cdt chiJm tia 20 dB d6'i vdi inh 3a hay 3b.

C5c ph6p do durdc ti6n hinh tU nhidu hdn mOt hr.rbng vd / hoac v6i nhi6u hon m6t g6c chirm tia vd kichthrrtc ldn nh6l do duuc sA la chinh xac nhdt.

Cho lhich - Vdi c6c Anh 3a vd 3b, ph6p do at6 r6ng chinh x6c phu thu6c vAo su nhAn bigt mar nh6 ohin xa d

Phia ngoai cirng tai m6i m6p ch6 khuygt tat. Oi6u nay thudng dudc lam d5 hdn bgng cech tao nen phep do v6i tiat6i xi6n vdi met phAng chinh coa ch6 khuy6t tdt, khi cec tin hieu tdi tu c6c.mat rieng 16 dudc t6ch kh6i nhau theothang thdi gian.

C6c ch5 khuydt qt ph5ng nh5n kh6ng d0 r6ng dd x5c dinh kich thrr6c tr.r hinh 2 theo hr.,6ng qua chidu

ddy drja ra nhr.rng vdn dd dac biet. Tuy nhi€n blng c6ch kidm tra tir m6t sd c6rc g6c kh6c nhau c6 thd

cho ph6p ph6t hi6n vd dinh vi c6c xung phln xa do nhi6u tu ddu c6rc vdt nrt nh6 d mep ch6 khuy€rt €1.

M6t phuung phap kh6c li tlo chi6u cao xung ph6n xa cub dqi thSng g6c v6i mdt ph*ng ch6 khuy$t tat va

so s6nh n6 v6i c6c xung phan xa li, renh duoc chudn bi dac biQt trong m6t khdi th0 thich hdp. V6i cac

dinh hu6ng nAo tl6, thi du c6c ch6 khuy6t tat thtng dr.rng lrong mdi hdn gi6p m6p phEng , ctidu nAy c6

thd ph6i ddi h6i dirng ki thuat tldu dd gh6p ddi.

M.4.6 ch6 khuydt tat boi (thi dq nh6m 16 (il6m r5) hay edc vdt nr:t tgi nhiat;

M.4.6.1 Qui tlinh chung

Diy lA mot il6m c6c ch6 khuydt tdt gdn nhau thuc lg kh6ng thd dinh vi hay tlo trnrg ch6 blng si6u dm

dr/dc

M.4.6.2 M6 tA ilic didm

V6i c6c c6ch qu6t b6n vd chidu sau, xung phSn xa trl c6c vdt phin xa rieng 16 xudt hien m6t cdrch ng|unhi6n, tai cdc vi tri kh6c nhau doc theo thang thdi gian, m6i tin hi€u thd hi6n tinh chdt c0a 6nh 1. Tinh

chdt ngSu nhian coa cac xung phin xa ldm cho loai khuygt tdt niy phin biet dudc v6i vdt nft nhidu mit.

Ch0 thich 1 - M6t vAi hu6ng den vd ben chdt coa c6c ch6 khuydt tet rieng t6, c6 nghla phai chang cac vat phan

xa ttidm phEng hay cdu c6 lhd thu dudc bgng cach quet xoay hay quy atao.

Chtl thich 2 - enep do chidu cao xung ph6n xa trung binh ti cec hu6ng kh6c nhau vir v6i c6c g6c chim ta kh6c

nhau c6 thg cho thdy tinh dinh hu6n9 trong chi thi tinh chdt phan xa ctla m6t dam c6c vat phin xa didm phAng.

M.4.6.3 Xdc dinh kich thu6c

Thd ttch ving khuydt tat duoc do blng circh dinh vi tri crla c6c v6t phin xa riCng 16 quanh c6c ddu not

crla d5m. Ph6p do gdn dlng m6t cl6 vQt phin xa c6 thd ti6n hlnh th& tr6n co sd s6' tin hieu nhin th5'y

cing mdt loc tr6n thang thdi gian.

109

TCVN 6735 :2000

V6i muc dich kidm tra chdt luong, m6t ph6p do phai dr-tdc thtc hi6n tai g6c tdi tru c0a chidu cao xungph6n xa trung binh (theo dB) dcji v6i dr.(dng cong DAC dr_fdng kinh 3 mm.

M.4.7 C6c cn5 tnuy6't tit rdi rac

M.4.7.1 Qui dinh chung

Khuydt tat ndy c6 thd la gi6n ctoan v€ chidu ddi thf du dudng ngam si rtft quing, hodc gi6n doan theochidu sdu, thi du mdt chu6i c5c dudng ngam si song song tai c6c d6 sdu kh5c nhau doc tneo mat nongchiy c0a mdi hen.

Trir khi nhong 16 qu6 nh6 dd c6 thd b6 qua, tlidu quan trong td cdn phin bi6t c6c ch6 khuyet tat ticn tucvd gi6n doan ddc biet theo hLrdng qua chidu ddy.

M.4.7.2 M6 ta alic didm (b6n)

Ndu ch6 khuvdt tat thd hien nhu inh 2, 3a hay 3b theo hu6ng qua chidu ddy, thi d3y kh6ng hEn rd ngdtqqing doc theo chidu ddi c0a khuydt tat, tru khi tr6n m6t thang d0 rQng ttd c6 thd phdn giai 16 iang.

Vdi c6c ch6 khuyet tat nhu hinh 1, hu6ng qu6t, g6c chidu, kfch cd vi tdn sd c0a ddu dd phii dr.roc chonsao cho b6 rdng c0a chirm tia tei ch6 khuydt tat la hep nhdt vd phii thuc hi6n vi6c qu6t b6n cdn thdn s6drJdc thrJc hi6n vdi c5c clidu ki6n tidp sic 6m tldng nhdt.

cdc dinh nhln th5y trong h)nh bao chi€u cao xung ph6n xa doc theo chidu dii c0a n6 goi y cho they rd

ch6 khuydt tdt rd rdi rac. oidu ndy c6 thd khSng ctinh blng c6ch thtrc hi€n qu6t xoay va quer quy taogdn vdi ch6 95y 16 r6t vi nhin th6'y ring chidu cao xung phin xa giam rdt nhanh quanh phdp tuydn virkh6ng quan s6t th6'y c5c xung phin xa thf cdp nio quan lrong. Bdt k! su tl6p rrng niro c0ng atcu dLfa ragia thuydt ring c6c ch6 g5y 16 r6t ti do su lhay ddi v6 su dinn hu6ng ngang gay ra.

M.4.7.3 M6 te dic didm (theo chiiu s6u)

PhAi thrJc hien viec qu6t chidu s6u cdn th6n qua ch6 khuydt tar,ch0m tia ng5n vir dang crla hinh bao xung phen xa duoc ghi lai.

ch0 thich - cec dinh quan trong hoac cac ch6 gay hoan toan gdi y cho rh6y ch6 khuydt ter c6 rhd bi ngSr quang,nhung khi neng coa c6c hicu f,ng nay ra do sLr thay ddi hurdng ch5 khuydt tet rem r6n hdn so vdi hLr6ng bcn.

Phii 6p dung hai phi/ong ph5p phu th6m khi thfch hop. Thrl nhdt la xay dung m6t hinh 6nh cn6 rhuydttdt qua chidu ddy tdng hop blng c5ch v6 t6't ci c6c chi thi quan s6t ddoc tu mdt sd hudng va g6c kh6cnhau c6c bd m5t qu6t phtng, nhSn d hai ben mdi han vi d6 chinh x6c v6 cao la cdn thi6t neu phwngph5p ndy tluoc coi li c6 gi5 tri. phudng ph6p th0 hai la k! thu6t b6ng dm. N6 li htu dung n6u b6 ronqcn6 khuydt tit it nhdt c6 thd so s6nh atrrdc vdi chi6u 16ng chim tia, vd n6 duoc minh hoa trdn hinh M.4.

M6t tin hi€u ph6t manh quanh ving 6nh hrrdng ld bing chrrng 16 vd srr kh6ng c6 ch6 khuy6t er licn tuc,nim doc theo chirm si6u am. Ta phii coi ring n6 la licn tuc tru trudng hop c6 ch6ng cr? cu thd ring ch6khdng hoSn thi6n li gian doan theo hu6ng qua chidu ddy.

it nhdt tr/ hai hu6ng 6 khoeng di

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phu luc N

(qui dinh)

C6c k! thugt x6c dinh kich thu6c ch6 khuydt tat

N.1.'l Nguy6n tic vri cjc iip dung

K! thu5t giim 6 dB bao gdm viec thu dudc 1 xung phin xa td mdt vi tri tu cr6 v6t phin xa md r6ng quatoan b6 chidu r6ng coa chrlm si6u am va sau ct6 di chuydn chirm tia sieu am doc theo vet ph6n xa chod6n khi xung phin xa giSm di m6t nLa (c6 nghn 6 dB). Nhu v6y c6 nghia tir chi c6 m6t n&a chim tiaddp t6i vdt phin xa, vir m6p c8a n6 nlm tr6n truc chim tia (xem hinh N.1).

cho thich - Ky thuat n,rv chi atudc ap dung cho nhirrrg ch6 khuydt t6r ma d6 l6n theo hudng cdn do t6n hon do i

;::::: :::lffu6m,van6chikh6cnhaurudnsd6r itvcchiducaoxunsphAnxedoctheonru"n".r,"u"n,n j

b) D6nh ddu drrdng tdm c'a tinh thd tr6n v6 ddu od vi hi6u chinh ihang thdi giai-,,

c) Qu6t t6u dd doc theo hay ngang qua ch6 khuydt r3t vd ghi hinh dang crra hinh bao xung ph6n x4.N6'u chidu cao xung ph6n xa thay ddi mdt ch0t doc rheo ch6 khuy€t tat, gi6 tri nday tru6c roc chiducao xung phin xa giam nhanh drloc r6'y rirm mr?c trr ar6 ti6n hbnh giim 6 dB. Xem c5c ctidm A vd A,trdn hinh N.1 .

d) Det gi5 tri chidu cao xung ph6n xa dudc chon gioa g0 o/o vri 100 % chi6u cao to?rn b6 mdn vi dichngang chDm tia kh6i mep ch6 knuydt tdt at6n khi chi6u cao xung ph6n xa giim dr 6 dB.e) Denh ddu tr6n so d6 vi ki m6p c'a ch6 khuydt tat tu srJ nh6n bidr v€ vi trf crdu dd, g6c ch,m tiavir kho6ng do.

f) Lip rai budc d va e tai m6p aldi di6n coa ch6 khuydt tar va c6c xec dinh kich thr_r6c c0akhoing cdch girla c6c didm dd d6nh dd-u tr6n so dd.

Trong trL/dng hdp ch6 khuyet tat ph8ng, rdng, ldp lai bu6c c) toi f) tai rn6t so vi tri doc theo ch6 khuydt:tat hoec' n5u cr5nrr cldu tren so dd mrit khuyet tat phai, icD theo nhidu h46nE qua ch6 kh.i:. ,; tet. j

N.l Ki thuit giAm 6 dB

Ky thuar nav duoc 5p dung vdi ca ddu dd thtng va xien ve thudng ding nndt od ve su rao thenh rdptrong vat ri6u tdm, va do chidu dai ch6 khuydt tet dei trong c6c mo,i hin. N6 c0ng c6 thd d0ng dd do kichthudc c0a cn6 (nuydt l6t theo chidu diy nlm cht] ydu rhEng g6c v6i truc chim tia vir n6 thd hien unhchdt inh 2 nhu ld thAnh ben kh6ng ngdu qud mrrc.

N.1.2 Qui trinh chi ti6't

Cdn tidn hdnh c6c brt6c sau:

a) Kidm rra xem truc chim tia crra ddu dd c6 bi ,,r€ch,, khdng va profin coa chim tia ra kh6 doi xr_rngddi vdi truc.

n6 theo

TCVN 6735 : 2000

su rhay ddi biend6 tin hi6u dinh

Hinh N.l - Ki thuat giAm 6 dB dd x6c ifinh kich thu6c ch5 khuydt tat

.2 Kl thuit bi6n ilQ cgc d4i

I Nguy6n tic vi cAc 6p dung

thudt niy d6ng tin c6y cho srt v6 chinh x6c cac xung ph6n xg ri6ng 16 tqi m6p sdt v6i tung m6p c0a

khuydt tit. Kh6rc vdi k! thuit profin chirm tia 20 dB 6 day m6i xung phAn xa dwc lam crJc ctai blngdi chuydn ddu dd vd g6'c c0a n6 atudc v6 doc theo truc ch0m tia (xem hinh N.2)

thuet ney c6 thd ap dung cho c6c ch6 khuydt tQt c6 kich thrrfc bdt ki mi6n td ch0ng thd hien tinh

I'l i

_lLf i

Chidu dAi vdt ph6n xa do atuoc

c0a inh 3a hoic 3b theo phr.tdng do va c6 thd 6p dung atugc cho ca do chi6u ddi vd chi6u r6ng.

113

TCVN 6735 : 2000

Di6u quan trgng lA chon chinh x6c c0a hu6ng qurit v) g6c chi6u tia dd thu dr.lgc hoSc mQt xung ph6n xa

ti/ cec mAt nh6 phln xa hof;c xung phin xa do nhi€u xa tU dinh v€lt nft va xdrc dinh chinh xec xung nAy

tr6n man c0a mdy dd khuydt tdt.

N.2.2 Qui trinh chi tldt

Cdn tidn hdnh c6c bu c sau:

a) X5c dtinh goc chidu tia vi ch6 d6nh ddu c0a ddu dd chinh xAc 6lng c6ch dirng chu6i 16 khoan tU

mdt bCn nhrr m6 tA trong di6u 6.2 ctra ti6u chudn nAy.

b) Thr.c hiQn higu chudn chinh x6c thang do thdi gian.

c) Qu6t ddu dd doc hofc ngang qua ch6 khuydt tat vA tai m6i m6p, x6c dinh cung phAn x9 tting ch0

! cu6i cing tru6c khi chirm tia di chuy6n hodn toAn kh6i ch6 khuydt €t. Xem c6c di6m A vA A1 tr6n

hinh N.2.

d) , Lim clrb dai xung cudi c0ng coi ld ct6ng chri V vA ghi vi tri ddu dd, khoing drrdng di c0a chirm tia

c0a'xung phin xa.

e) D6nh ddu tren so cld vi tri crla m6p ch6 khuydt tat dgc theo truc chirm tia, ti, su nhan bi6t vd vi tri

tldu dd, tl6nh ddu di6m nAy tren ban vE ti l€ toin bQ m6i han.

0 L4p lei c5c bu c d va e cho m€p cdn lai cOa ch6 khuyet tat va ndi hai clidm de dwc d6nh ddu dd

duqc kich thrj6c, vi tii va hr.r6ng ct]a n6.

Khi c6 thd cdn ldp lai cec ph6p do theo cac hudng kh6c va / hoac v6i g6c chidu tia kh6c tl6 dam b6o c6c

tldu not c|]a ctr6 muy6t tat kh6ng bi nhin sai. C6c ph6p cto c0ng dr.fqc thw hien tU nhi€u vi tri dqc theo

chidu ddi cOa ch6 khuydt t?t phEng hay khdi.N

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TCVN 6735 : 2000

Xung phin Xa A xudt hi6n ddu tiCnkhi di chuydn ddu dd liri lai

Xung phdn xa Al xugt hien ddu ti6nkhi di chuydn dau dd tidn len

Chrl thich - Cac mgp khuygt lel A va Ar duoc vC doc theo lruc chilm tiakhr c6c xung phan xa rieng rC tu chring c6 chi6u cao cuc dal

Hinh N.2 - K! thuit bi6n if9 cgc tl?i dd xic tlinh kich thu6c ch6 khuvdt tat

N.3 Ky thuat profin charm tia 20 dB (giAm 20 dB)

N.3.1 Nguy6n tic vi cdc 6P dung

Nhu trong kg thu?t biCn dO cvc dqi (xem N.2) kich thu6c ch6 khuydt tat dr)ng ky thuat mdt cit chirm tia

20 dB dLlgc x6c dinh bing c6ch dlnh vi chinh x6c c5c ddu n0t crla ch6 khuydt tat. Tuy nhi6n, thay cho

vi6c dirng truc cOa chirm tia cho muc ttich nAy, m6p cOa chirm tia dLldc d0ng khi cr.rdng dQ giim di 20 dB

thdp hon mrrc chi6u trgc (xem hinh N.3)

Ky thuat nAy c6 cirng m6t pham vi €rp dgng nhrJ ky thuat bi€n tl6 cub ttai, vd c5 thd ding Od do cn6

khuy6l tat c6 kich thrrdc bdt kV mA c6 tinh chdt thd hie-n trong inh 3a hay 3b theo hudng tto.

cing nh0ng vdn d€ dd nhan bidt chinh x6c xung phan xa hi m6p cn6 knuydt tat dirng ldm co sd cho

vi6c do kich tht.t6c nhrr m6 ti v6i kV thuit bi6n d0 cu-c dai.

N.3.2 Qui trinh chi tidt

Cin tidin hinh c6c bubc sau dAy:

a) Ve trqc chDm tia vir c5c bi6n chDm tia 20 dB tr6n mdt day cac 16 khoan trl canh b€n E c5c khoing

c6ch kh6c nhau.

su thay ddi biend0 tin hicu itinhXung A tai chi

cao cl,,Ic dai

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Qu6t A

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TCVN6735 :2000

b) ThUb hign vigc hiQu chudn chinh xAc thang do thdi gian.

c) Qu6t tldu dd doc hodc ngang qua ch6 khuydt tat va tlai m6i m6p, nh6n bi6t xung phan x9 d6ng

ch0 f cudi cirng trrr6c khi chDm tia di chuydn hoan toen kh6i ch5 khuy6t tat. Xem c6c ctidm A vA A,'

tr6n hinh N.3.

d) Lim cr,t dai xung phin xa cudi cing dwc coi lA d6ng chrl f blng c6ch di chuydn ddu dd vd tt{txung phAn xq nAy & gifra 80 % vd 100 % chi6u cao toan bO mdn.

./e) Giim hO sd khuydch tlqi 20 dB ghi chi6u cao xung phAn xa tla giim tr6n mAn vi quay lai didmdit ban al6u.

20 d8

Xung phdn xa A d 20 dBthdp hdn chi6u cao cuc dai

f) Di chuydn ddu dd dr.a chim tia ngang ti, ti, kh6i ch6

x6t gi3m di 20 dB, c6 nghia t6i vi tri tr6n man duoc gh.

kho6ng dudng tli cOa chim tia c0a xung ph6n xa.

Xung phin xa Ar, d 20 dBthep hon chi6u cao oW dai

khuygt tat cho tldn khi xung phan xa ctang

I budc e, & oi6m nAy ghi vi tri ddu dd vi

ChU thich - C6c m6p khuydt tet A vA A1 drjoc v6 theo c6c m6p ch0m tia 20 dB.

Hinh N.3 - K9 thuit profin chim tia 20 dB dd xec d;ntr kich thu6c cn5 nruya't tat

t, ,' ; ,' \,'

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TCVN 6735 : 2000

g) Kidm tra lqi c6rc ph6p tto thtJc hign trong clidm f, drja ngang chim tia ra xa nfra kh6i ch6 khuydt

t6t cho ddn khi xung phAn x? gi6m xudng mrrc thang thdi gian, sau d6 lai di chuydn ttdu dd ngucrc lai

tt6n khi xung phin xa d?t duqc chi6u cao nhu d bu6c e vd ghi vi tri cl]a ddu dd vA khoiurg drrdng di

c0a chim tia.

h) D6nh ddu tr6n sd d6 vi ki m6p ch6 khuydt qt dgc theo bi6n chirm tia 20 dB vi tir nh6n bi6t vd vi

tri ddu dd, d6nh ddu cli6m ndy tr6n bAn v6 t! l€ toln b6 crla mdi hAn.

i) Ltp lai c6c br-rtc d vd h cho m6p kh6c cOa ch6 khuydt €t va no'i hai ii6n aa vc dd thu duuc kfch

thr-l6c, vl trf vA hu6ng.

Khi c6 thd, ltplai ph6p clo theo c5c htr ng kh6c vi /hoicv6i c6c.g6c chirm tia kh6c dd dem bao cac

ddu mot coa ch6 khuydt tat kh6ng bi nhin sai. C6rc ph6p do cung duqc thtjc hi6n tU nhidu vi tri doc

theo chi6u dAi coa ch6 khuygt tat phlng hay khdi.

Cho thich - Ngu phudng ph6p nay duqc dung dd ve s( mA r6ng coa ch6 khuygt tat trinh bay theo anh 2, c6 nghia

chidu dei coa ch6 khuygl tdt dai d6ng nhdt, hoec di6n tich coa m6t bO phan t6ch l6p tdm, ttidu chi yCu tA profin

coa chr)m lia dLrdc d0ng atd vA trgn pham vi coa cac mat phgn xa c6 dang hinh hoc tudng tu vdi ch6 khuydt tatdrroc do.

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TCVN 6735 : 2000

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HQ c5c chti thich cho viQc ghi kich thu6c c6c crr5 Xrruydt tit I

M6t hQ tho'ng gdi y dudc minh hoa tr€n hinh P.1. I*^-{ -fu |""

)lW_.)M", -4^ra\ "LY)\\,F'

\|-'-L. ld chidu ddi coa ch6 khuydt tat theo hudng clla truc chinh mdi hirn; IL" l2r chidu ddi c0a ch6 khuydt tat theo hudng c0a truc chinh mdi hirn cho chi tidt hinh tru tron 16lLr ld kich thr.l6c crla cn6 tnuydt tit vu6ng g6c v6i truc chinh mdi htrn; Id la thanh phdn theo chrdu s6u c0a ch6 khuydt lat thuc td do duoc vudng g6c v6i bd mflt dal

binh 6p lt&).

Hinh P.'l - H6 c5c chri thich ggi I dd ghi vi tri vi kich thu6c ch6 khuydt t

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TCVN 6735 : 2000

Phg lrlc Q(qui dinh)

Do suy giim vir tdn hao dudng truydn

ri dinh chung

ph6p m6 ti trong phu luc ndy kh6c v6i c6c phudng ph6p m6 ti trong phu tuc K, d d6y x6c dinhtr! ri6ng 16 cho suy gi6m vd tdn hao drrdng truydn. ci6 tri suy giAm ld mdt ph6p cto tuy6t cldi chothd cOa v6t li€u vir tdn s6 th0, trong khi d6 thi tdn hao dr.ldng truy€n la m6t ph6p do tr.fong ddi v6i'A2 cho m6t ddu dd vd phuung phap ti6p x0c im cu thd. C6c phubng ph6p cho ca hai ddu ddi xi€n ddi h6i cac b€ mdt c0a vat ti6u cdn kidm tra ci song song lin tt6ng tim. cec phuungy kdm theo c6c qui ufc drrgc thira nh6n v€ do suy giSm theo dB/mm tr6n tdng quing drjtng dim tia, khoing c5ch ndy blng hai ldn khoing c6ch tir ddu dd ddn muc ti6u.

tri rieng re ct]a suy giAm va tdn hao drrdng truydn c6 thd dr.roc ding dd hi6u chinh dr"rrdng congbin, v6i didu ki6n ti hQ sd suy gi6m cho khdi DAc ctuoc cto vd tru eti tu hQ sd suy giim c0a v6tkidm tra. Nhin chung, cec phuong ph6p sau rtr h0u dung hdn khi lam vi6c v6i h€ DGS.

, suy giAm

)Cu dd thing: phuong phSp I

hanh c6c budc sau:

i6u chudn thang thdi gian.

tdt ddu dd l6n vdt li€u cdn do vir chon 2 xung phin xa tir tl6ry vdi t! sd khoing c6ch 2:,1, xungxa thrl nhdt d khoing c5ch it nhdt 3 ldn chidu ddi cOa trrldng gdn kd tar ddu dd.

lfch 1 - Ndu kh6ng bidt, chidu dai c0a t._tdng gdn N c6 thd dudc tinh theo c6ng th0c sau:

(Dr-rdng kfnh tinh th6),

4 x br-f6c s6ng

o hi6u chidu cao xung phin xa s (theo dB) giia hai xung de chon vd ghi hi6u khoing cfo giDa

T (theo mm).

hi khdng c6 suy gi3m, xung ph6n xa tr/ d5y gi6m 6 dB cho tr.rng hai ldn khoing cfo. H6 sd suy

\ (theo dB) vi thd c6 thd dudc tinh theo , (.t-6)2T

tich 2 - eirr.tong phep ndy se tang d6 kh6ng chinh xec khi b6i sd cec xung phan xa tang ten. Didu nay ta do

hao th€m 1 dB hoac nhidu hdn taj mat tidp gjap ddu dd / vet lieu cho m6i m6t tdn phan xa

{c ddu dd thlng: phuong phdp 2

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TCVN 6795 :2000

V6i m6t gian dd DGS dep uhg drJdc cho ddu dd dang dDng, h6 sd suy giim c6 thd duoc tinh theo cachsau md kh6ng cdn ding b6i sd' xung phln xa tu cl6v.

a) Hieu chudn thang thoi gian.

b) chi hieu chidu cao xung phin xa s (theo dB) giua xung phan xa thr? nhdt vd th0 hai tu dey c0a

vat liCu tlang do vi ghi lai hi6u khoing do c0a ch0ng T (theo mm).

c) Ddi chidu v6i qiin dd DGS vd ghi hi0u chidu cao xung phan xa (theo dB) doc theo duBng corlxung ph6n xa trl d6y gitlE c6c kho6ng do c0a cdc xung ph6n xa dDng trong brldc a).

d) H6 sd suy gi6m A (theo dB/mm) duoc tinh theo phr_rong trinh:

, S-UZT

Q.2.3 C6c ddu dd xi€n: phuong ph6p I

Phrlong phep nay ttdi h6i dDng m6t cdp ddu dd s6ng ngang giong h€t nhau c6 g6c chidu tiakhoing 40" ddn 50" vir cirng tdn s6' nhtr c6c ctdu dd dddc d0ng trong kidm tra mdi hen sau nay.thtrdc tinh thd crla c6c ddu dd do phii sao cho khoing dudng cti c0a chim tia, X, trong brJoc b)khoing 3ldn chidu ddi trUdng gdn.

Cdn tidn hdnh c6c br.t6c sau:

a) Hi€u chudn thang thdi gian theo cech thdng thrldng blng c6ch ding ctdu dd s6ng ngang ddn.

b) olt hai ddu dd thdnh dang ch0V trd truydn qua tr6n vit li6u cdn do . Lirm cuc dai ve ghi taicao xung phin xa V (theo dB) va ghi lai khoing do X (theo mm).

c) Dit lai vi hi cld u dd dtr6i dang chOw vd lai lam cut dai va ghi chidu cao xung phin xa wdB) vi ghi khoSng do xung phin xa y (theo mm).

d) He s6 suy giim A (theo dB/mm) atuoc tinh theo phudng trinh:

v -rn-62(Y _ X')

Q.2.4 CAc ddu d6 xi€n: phuong ph6p 2

Phudng ph6p niy c6 thd duoc dlng khi m6t gian dd DGS c6 gi6 tri cho c6c ddu dd duoc dirng ttd dogiim. N6 ddi h6i cac ddu dd gidng nhau nhu phr-rong ph6p 1, tru khi su han chd v6i chidu dai trudngld kh6ng 6p dung.

Cdn tidn henh cec budc sau:

a) Hi6u chudn thang thoi gian nhrj ddi v6i phr.rong ph6p .1 .

b) Det dau dd l6n v5t li6u cdn do theo dang ch0 v. Ldm cLrc ctai ve ghi lai chi6u cao xung phin(theo dB) vd ghi lai kho6ng cto X (theo mm)

TCVN 6735 : t000c) Dit rai c6c ddu dd drJ6i cang w, ram cdc dai va g;,r chr6u cao xung phin xa w (theo dB) vd ghilai khoing do y (theo mm).

d) odi chidu vdi giin d6 DGS va ghi rai hi6u chidu cao xung ohin xa V (theo dB) doc theo dLrdngcong xung phin xa tir d6y giia c6c khoing X vir y.

e) Tinh hd sd suy giim A (theo dg/mm) theo phr.long trinh sau:

.Q.2.5 Cec djlu dd xi6n: c6c phuong phdp ia vd 2a

'cec phL'ong phSp nay vd co bin gidng c6c phuong ph6p 1 ve 2 (xem Q.2.3 vtr Q.2.4) nhLfng c6 thd dirngldd do suy giSm c.a khdi th', ma n6 rd qu6 ngdn dd c6 thd ttdt c6c ddu dd theo dang chtrw.jC6c phr-rong ph6p niry kh5c c6c phuong ph6p tnr6c 6 ch6 ding m6t ddu dd don vd ph6p do dua tren c6clxung phin xa tr/ ni€ khoang c6ch btr6c vd ci khoing c6ch bu6c tu c6c g6c coa m5u th&_

iilT ph6p tinh h0 sd suv gidm cho cac phrrdns phsp 1a vir 2a cuns ren rudt sidng nhu phr-idns ph6p

t

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Q.3 Oo tdn hao dudng truy6'n

Q.3.1 Qui dinh chung

c6 hai phrrong ph5p m6 ti trong Q.3.2 vA Q.3.3 ctdu dua tr€n vi6c s0 dung giSn dd DGS m6t c6ch thichhop vd vi6c ddi h6i ddu ti6n td do suy gi6m trong vat li6u cdn kidm ha.

Vdi cec muc ctich thuc td, anh hddng c|]a suy giim trong kh6i 42 c6 thd b6 qua.

l6c ddu dd ding trong cac phep tlo phai te cing m6t roai nhr-r ctdu dd dirng od kidm tra m6i han. V6irheo do ding dd-u dd xi6n cdn hai d6-u dd gidng hCt nhau.

1.3.2 Cric dt'u d6 thing

)dn ti6n hdnh c6c bu6c sau:

a) Hi6u chudn thang thdi gian.

b) oo hi6u chidu cao xung phin xa E (theo dB) giua xung ph6n xa th., nhdr tr/ d6y ttr kh6.i A2 (day25 mm) vi xung ph6n xa tir rn5u c0a v6t li6u cdn kidm tra.

c) Ghi cac khoing tto R, vir R, (theo mm) Idn tudt cho m6i xung ph6n xa.

d) Hi6u chinh hi6u chidu cao xung phin xa E (theo dB) cho hg sd suy gi6m A (theo dB/mm) crd chochi6u cao xung ph6n x? de hieu chinh E" theo phuong trinh:

E"=E+2(RrxA)

2(y - x)

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TCVN 6735 : 2000

e) D6i chidu v6i gidrn dd DGS vd ghi hiQu chi6u cao xung phln xa F (theo dB) doc theo dudng con0

xung ph6n xa ttl day giOa c6c khoAng do Rr vi Rz.

f) Tinh tdn hao duBng truydn B (theo dB)til phtbng trinh

B=E"-F

Q.3.3 c6c ilCu d6 xian

Cdn tidn hAnh c6c bt 6c sau:

a) Hi6u chudn thang thdi gian.

b) Do hi6u chi6u cao xung phAn xa E (theo dB) giG c5c tin hiQu truy€n qua (dang chrr V) tU khdi

va tU vat li6u cdn kidm tra.

c) Ghi lai khoAng do R1 (theo mm) trong khdi A, va khoAng do R, (theo mm) trong vat li6t.

d) Hi0u chinh hi6u chidu cao xung phan xa E (theo dB) cho suy giirm A (theo dB/mm) dd c6

cao xung ph6n xe dE hieu chinh E" theo phwng trinh.

E"=f+2(RrxA)

e) Ddi chi6u v6i giin dd DGS vi ghi hi€u chi€u cao xung phAn xp F (theo dB) dgc theo tluBng

xung phin xa tU ddry gi&a c6c khoing do Rt vd Rr.

Tinh tdn hao tlrr ng truydn (theo dB) theo phudng trinh sau:

g=(E"-F)

i

;

II

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