TCAP Review

Prokaryotic Cells

• No membrane bound nucleus• Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration• Organelles not bound by membranes

Eukaryotic Cells• Nucleus bound by membrane• Include fungi, protists, plant,

and animal cells• Possess many organelles

Protozoan

Passive Transport

• No energy required

• Move due to gradient– differences in concentration, pressure, charge

• Move to equalize gradient– High moves toward low

Diffusion

• Molecules move to equalize concentration

Osmosis

• Special form of diffusion

• Fluid flows from lower solute concentration

• Often involves movement of water– Into cell– Out of cell

Solution Differences & Cells• solvent + solute = solution• Hypotonic

– Solutes in cell more than outside– Outside solvent will flow into cell

• Isotonic– Solutes equal inside & out of cell

• Hypertonic– Solutes greater outside cell– Fluid will flow out of cell

Photosynthesis

Respiration

A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer. The independent variables are the administration of the drug - the dosage

and the timing. The dependent variable is the impact the drug has on cancer.

Variables in an Experiment:

VARIABLESDependent

variable

Independent variable

= What you change in the experiment

= what you measure in response to the change

Controlled variables =what you keep the same

How do the different chemicals in fertilizers affect plant growth?

Independent Variable: different chemicals

Dependent Variables: plant growth

Control Group: soil, rainfall, when planted, etc.

Stressed? How does stress affect heart rate

in humans?

Scientific Methods

The scientific method is:A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question.

The Steps to the Scientific Method1. Observation / Asking a Question2. Form a Hypothesis3. Design a Controlled Experiment4. Record and Analyze Results5. Draw Conclusions

Scientific Method vs. Engineering Design

3 Types of Plate Boundaries

Oceanic Vs. Continental

The Rock Cycle

Distance, Speed, Velocity

A train travels 240 miles in 2 hours. Calculate the average speed of the train in mph.

John leaves home at 6:00 a.m. and arrives at his brother’s house at 10:00 a.m. What is his average speed, in mph, if he had travelled 200 miles?

D

S T

Speed = Distance/Time Distance = Speed X Time

Organ Systems