Taylor, Cate and Lana

Ottoman Empire in World War One

SultanThree Pashas

Ottoman Empire and Leadership Background

Forming of Alliance

Ottoman Empire

Declarations of War and

Significant Dates

Britain Regained the initiative 1916-1917

After the retreat from Gallipoli and the eventual surrender of the Anglo-Indian Force, London reacted by redoubling their efforts against the Middle Eastern Central Powers in 1916

Britain was wealthy enough to have the resources the Ottoman empire couldn’t match, even with German assistance

Basra was then transformed into a modern port, after General Sir Stanley Frederick Maude equipped a large force of 150 000 men with “Modern Weapons of War”

British forces also gained a new commander in Egypt, General Sir Archibald Murray. The defense of Egypt turned into the invasion of Palestine.

War on Several Fronts Early 1917, Britain was close to eliminating Turkey from the way

and enjoyed success on several fronts “Maude’s forces” captured Baghdad (11/3/1917)

Two weeks later “Murray’s force” advance in an attempt to take Gaze to be used as a gateway to Palestine, which was at the time occupied by the ottoman empire.

The attempt to take Gaza, failed however. “Murray's” Commanders broke off battle, just before victory.

Murray” provided false reports to London, which in turn encouraged London to order another assault. The second Battle of Gaza (17-19 April) failed.

The war took a turn for the worse, because of the failure in capturing Gaza.

Allied boats were also affected greatly by Germany’s unrestricted U-boat warfare. This of course affected Britain as it threatened their ability to supply and maintain the troops.

The march revolution also led to the “paralysis of Russian Military effort against both Germany and Turkey. On the Western front, a mutiny against the French army was prompted by the failure of the Spring French offensive.

The promises left Britain in a lot of difficult situations

The army was in poor state even before WW1 had started.

Sick Man of Europe

“who says ‘Sick Man’ now?”(Cartoonstock)

“internal fracture” Russians had tried this already with the

Armenians, ended in the tragic massacreBritish turned their attentions to the Arabs

Sharif Hussein

Alliance was formed between the Arabs and the British.

The revolt started on 10 June 1916.

Arabs resorted to Guerilla warfare.

1917, the Arab-British forces captured the Red Sea port of

Aqabah PalestineSyria

Ottoman army was depleted Started with 800,000

men and now only was 100,000

Due to the Russian Revolution the Ottomans were able to retake their lost territory

After 1916 army desertions took place on a massive scale, and economic pressures become acute.

Although the Ottoman Government requested armistice on the 30th October 1918