taxonom Ía y sistem Á tica
DESCRIPTION
TAXONOM ÍA Y SISTEM Á TICA. TAXONOMÍA. Clasificar - Establecer los criterios de identificación - Denominar los diferentes taxones - Incluir cada taxón en su categoría correspondiente - Crear las bases de nomenclatura estándares (códigos de nomenclaturas). Aristóteles ( escala naturae ). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TAXONOMÍAY
SISTEMÁTICA
TAXONOMÍAY
SISTEMÁTICA
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TAXONOMÍATAXONOMÍA
Clasificar1.- Establecer los criterios de identificación
2.- Denominar los diferentes taxones
3.- Incluir cada taxón en su categoría correspondiente
4.- Crear las bases de nomenclatura estándares(códigos de nomenclaturas)
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Aristóteles(escala naturae)
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Binomial name: genus name + species name
(Homo sapiens)
Naming a fossil: Linnaean binomial system
Carolus Linnaeus(1707-1778)
Hierarchical Classification System:
Domain (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya)Kingdom
PhylumClass
OrderFamily
GenusSpecies
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REINO
FILUM
CLASE
ORDEN
FAMILIA FAMILIA
GENERO
ESPECIEGENERO
ESPECIE
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Lepidodendron
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TAXONOMIATAXONOMIA
HISTORIA NATURALPALEOBIOLOGIA
ECOLOGÍARECONSTRUCCIONPALEOAMBIENTAL
EVOLUCIÓNESTRATIGRAFIA
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SISTEMÁTICASISTEMÁTICA
Clasificar y agrupar segúnrelaciones de parentesco
Historia evolutiva / tiempo
FILOGENIAFILOGENIA
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1. Se acaba con la subjetividad de la taxonomía tradicional
2. Agrupar según caracteres no implica descendencia común (convergencias)
MÉTODO CLADISTAMÉTODO CLADISTA
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PHACOPINI
DALMANITINI
DALMANITACEA ACASTACEA
PHACOPIDS
PHACOPIDELLID
S
PTERYGOMETOPID
S
“ZELIS
KELLIDS”
“DALM
ANITID
S”
SYNPHORIIDS
ACASTACEA PRIM
ITIV
OS
ASTEROPYGINID
S
ACASTOMORPHS
CALMONII
DS
ANALISIS CLADISTA
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CLADOGRAMACLADOGRAMAUnidades taxonómicas operativas (OTU’s)
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Grupo externo (outgroup)
Registro fósil
Tiktaalik
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SinapomorfíasSimplesiomorfíasAutapomorfías
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Ictyosaurio
tiburón
delfín
Analogías
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Cicadal
Euphorbia
Smilodon
Thylacosmilus
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monofiléticosparafiléticospolifiléticos
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A B C D E F G H I J
I II III
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FILOGENIAFILOGENIA
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1. Relojesmoleculares
Temporización de eventos de división
2. Registrofósil
Tasa de cambio molecularvariable
Falta de buenas filogenias
Discrepancias entre cronologías moleculares y datos cronoestratigráficos
Calidad del registro fósil
Identificación de taxones
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Timetree of corallines
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Análisis estratofenético
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