tavsesafris maziebelta bolodroindeli gadineba ... briefs/b… · qvekastas aqvs tavisi roli...
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TavSesafris maZiebelTa bolodroindeli gadineba
saqarTvelodan poloneTSi
jeni tomseni
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris
moxseneba # 22
dekemberi 2009
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) aris arapolitikuri organizacia, romelic daarsda
1996 wels daniis samefos, germaniis federaluri
respublikisa da germaniis Stat Slezvig-
golSteinis mTavrobebis mier. centri Camoyalibda
flensburgSi dania-germaniis sasazRvro zonis
SuagulSi, raTa mieRo STamagonebeli magaliTi
umciresobebsa da umravlesobebs Soris mSvidobiani
Tanacxovrebisa, romelic iq iyo miRweuli.
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris mizania,
xeli Seuwyos umciresobebTan da umravlesobebTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebze disciplinaTaSorisi
kvlevebis Catarebas evropul WrilSi da aseve
wvlili Seitanos sxvadasxva erovnebas Soris
urTierTobebis gaumjobesebaSi dasavleT da
aRmosavleT evropis im nawilebSi, sadac Warbobs
eTnopolitikuri daZabuloba da konfliqtebi. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris
moxsenebebi iwereba centris TanamSromlebis an
centris mier daqiravebuli gareSe avtorebis mier.
vinaidan umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri
ar avrcelebs sakuTar Sexedulebebs, mis nebismier
publikaciaSi gamoxatuli azrebi warmoadgens
mxolod Sesabamisi avtoris pasuxismgeblobas.
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris
moxseneba #22 umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)
direqtori: doqt. tove malou © ECMI 2009
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)
Sifbruekes q. 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 flensburgi tel: +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 faqsi +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19
el.fosta: [email protected] veb-gverdi: http://www.ecmi.de
2
Sesavali
ukanaskneli Tveebis manZilze poloneTi gaxda saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa
gansakuTrebulad didi ricxvis mier TavSesafris moTxovnis mowme. 2009 wlis
aprilidan noembramde saqarTvelos TiTqmis 4,000-ma moqalaqem gadakveTa
poloneTis sazRvari TavSesafris moTxovnis mizniT.1 es cifri gasaocaria wina
wlebTan SedarebiT, rodesac mxolod 400 ganacxadi iyo miRebuli mTels
periodSi 2000 wlidan 2008 wlamde.2 amasTanave, bolo periodSi adgili
hqonda saqarTvelodan evrokavSiris sxva qveynebSi TavSesafris maZiebelTa
ricxvis gazrdas, maT Soris 2,000 ganacxadi iyo Setanili germaniaSi, xolo
2,000 baltiispireTis qveynebSi, saberZneTSi, SveicariaSi, italiasa da
avstriaSi erTad aRebuli. am adamianTa garkveuli nawili Tavdapirvelad
Cavida poloneTSi, xolo mogvianebiT gauCinarda TavSesafris banakebidan,
rodesac maTi ganacxadebi TavSesafarze jer kidev ganxilvis procesSi iyo.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelos mTliani mosaxleoba daaxloebiT
oTxnaxevar milion adamians Seadgens, es cifri Zalzed maRalia. poloneTSi
qarTvel TavSesafris maZiebelTa raodenobam amJamad gadaaWarba kidec
CeCneTidan TavSesafris maZiebelTa raodenobas.
aprilsa da noembers Soris TavSesafarze ganacxadis Semtani daaxloebiT
4,000 saqarTvelos moqalaqidan TiTqmis 60% iyo 18-dan 34 wlamde asakis
piri. 13 wlamde bavSvebi Seadgendnen TavSesafris maZiebelTa daaxloebiT
mexuTeds da TiTqmis imave raodenobas Seadgendnen 35-dan 64 wlamde
adamianebi. mamrobiTi sqesi warmoadgenda TiTqmis or mesameds; gansakuTrebiT
mravlad iyvnen warmodgenilni (40%) 18-dan 34 wlamde axalgazrda mamakacebi.
saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa nakadma poloneTSi piks ivlissa da agvistoSi
miaRwia, rodesac saqarTvelodan TavSesafris mTxovnelTa ricxvma Seadgina
1 ix. danarTi. 2 UNHCR-is yovelwliuri statistikuri cnobarebi, ix.: www.unhcr.org/pages/4a02afce6.html
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1,038 da 1,371 Sesabamisad.3 seqtemberSi maTi raodenoba Semcirda 317-mde,
oqtomberSi 205-mde, xolo noemberSi 143-mde. arsebuli monacemebiT,
saqarTvelodan TavSesafris maZiebelTa umravlesoba (TiTqmis 90%) aris
iezidi-qurTi, romlebic zogadad naklebad ganaTlebulebi da zogjer
gaunaTleblebic arian. arsebuli monacemebiT, danarCens Seadgenen eTnikuri
qarTvelebi, somxebi da azerbaijanelebi.
winamdebare naSromis mizania TavSesafris maZiebelTa bolodroindeli nakadis
Sesaxeb istoriuli cnobebis garkveulwilad siRrmiseuli gacnoba. am kvlevis
farglebSi gamokiTxva Cautarda ramdenime pirs saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi
ZiriTadad iezidi-qurTi umciresobidan. Tbilisis iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis
ramdenime warmomadgenelma gagviziara maT xelT arsebuli informacia qveyanaSi
umciresobaTa mdgomareobis da bolodroindeli migraciis SesaZlo motivaciis
Sesaxeb. damatebiTi interviuebi gaimarTa im pirebTan, romlebic ukanasknel
periodSi deportirebulni iyvnen poloneTidan ukan saqarTveloSi.4
interviuebis Sedegad mopovebuli iqna informacia iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis
problemebTan dakavSirebiT, ramac saSualeba mogvca, ufro zusti warmodgena
Segveqmna umciresobaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da aseve ufro detalurad
gavcnobodiT TavSesafris maZiebelTa marSruts evrokavSiris qveynebisken da
maTi iq yofnis pirobebs.
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTi mosaxleoba
iezidi-qurTebi Seadgenen saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qurTi mosaxleobis udides
umravlesobas. sityva `iezidi” aRniSnavs iezidur religias, xolo `qurTi”
3 ix. danarTi. 4 Mmadlobas vuxdi bobi afxazavas, Sorena kobaiZes, denola CxartiSvils da ekaterine
dolaberiZes saqarTvelos ofisidan maTi mxardaWerisaTvis interviuebis Catarebasa da informaciis SegrovebaSi am angariSisaTvis, aseve Sorena Serers am naSromis teqnikuri
redaqtirebisa da koreqtirebisTvis.
4
eTnikuri umciresobisadmi kuTvnilebas. adamianTa umravlesobisTvis sityvebi
`iezidi~ da `qurTi~ ganuyofelia da dRes saqarTveloSi sazogadod
gamoiyeneba termini `iezidi-qurTi~. iezidizmi aris iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis
fundamenturi elementi, romelzec Zlier zegavlenas axdens da romelSic
gaerTianebulia elementebi sxvadasxva religiidan, rogoric aris islami,
qristianoba, iudaizmi da zoroastrizmi (mazdaizmi). iezidizmis debulebaTa
sistema sityvierad gadaecema da damokidebulia organizebul socialur
sistemaze. iezidur sazogadoebas aregulirebs araierarqiuli kasturi
sistema, romelic iyofa sam kastad da uamrav qvekastad, sadac TiToeul
qvekastas aqvs Tavisi roli sazogadoebaSi. akrZalulia qorwineba eTnikuri
jgufis da aseve qvekastis gareT, amitom SeuZlebelia, adamiani gaxdes iezidi-
qurTi, Tu aseTad ar dabadebula. ufro metic, tradiciis mixedviT piri,
romelic uaryofs mrwamss, aRar iTvleba eTnikuri sazogadoebis wevrad.
saqarTveloSi da sxva qveynebSi mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTebi tradiciulad
saubroben qurmanjis enaze, romelic aris qurTuli enis Crdilouri
dialeqti. magram asimilaciuri procesebis wyalobiT, rac gansakuTrebul
zegavlenas axdens qurTuli enis gamoyenebaze, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi mosaxleobis mxolod daaxloebiT 30% laparakobs qurmanjulad da
metadre axalgazrda TaobaSi es ena aRar gamoiyeneba. vinaidan axalgazrda
iezidi-qurTebi dadian rusul da qarTul skolebSi, komunikacia saxlSic ki
umTavresad am enebze xdeba. iezidi-qurTebi ZiriTadad cxovroben TbilisSi,
magram aseve sxva did qalaqebsa da dasaxlebebSi. garkveuli nawili
dasaxlebulia gardabnisa da mcxeTis raionis soflebSi.
5
migraciis procesebi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg
aucilebelia, mokled ganvixiloT iezidi-qurTi umciresobis migraciis
sakiTxi, raTa gavigoT an jgufis amJamindeli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi.5
gasuli ormocdaaTi wlis manZilze iezidi-qurTi mosaxleoba mniSvnelovnad
gaizarda da maTma ricxvma 1989 wels 33,000-s miaRwia. mTeli sabWoTa
periodis manZilze iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis kulturuli ganviTareba
mwvervalze iyo. xelisufleba umciresobisTvis gamoyofda finansur daxmarebas
qurTul enaze radiogadacemebis mauwyeblobis, qurTuli enis fakultetebis
gaxsnis, sacekvao ansamblebis Seqmnisa da msoflioSi erTaderTi qurTuli
Teatris daarsebisTvis. 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ganviTarebulma
samoqalqo omebma ekonomikur vardnasTan erTad mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo
saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqe da safuZveli daudo adamianTa didi raodenobis,
maT Soris iezidi-qurTebis, qarTvelebis da sxva eTnikur umciresobaTa
warmomadgenlebis, emigracias. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam aseve gamoiwvia
umciresobis jgufis pirobebis mkveTri gauareseba. politikuri mRelvarebisa
da ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad saxelmwifos mier adre gamoyofili
dafinanseba Sewyda, ramac gamoiwvia TiTqmis sruli kolafsi zogierTi im
institutisa, romelic xels uwyobda umciresobaTa memkvidreobis SenarCunebas.
rogorc kvalificiuri, ise arakvalificiuri muSaxelisTvis ekonomikuri
SesaZleblobebis naklebobis gamo am periodSi aRiniSna masobrivi migracia
ruseTSi, ukrainasa da dasavleTis qveynebSi, sadac mravalricxovani qurTuli
mosaxleobaa, maT Soris germaniaSi, gaerTianebul samefoSi, holandiasa da
kanadaSi. seriozuli iyo mosaxleobis danakargi, 33,331 iezidi-qurTidan 1989
wels 20,843 (18,329 Tavis Tavs uwodebs iezids, xolo 2,514 qurTs) 2002
5 saqarTvelodan iezidi-qurTi umciresobis migraciis procesebis detaluri aRwerilobisTvis
ix. devid szakoni, `eTnikuri mobilizacia post-sabWoTa saqarTveloSi: iezidi-qurTebis magaliTi” 6 JEMIE (2007), masala xelmisawvdomia: http://www.ecmi.de/jemie/download/2-2007-Szakonyi.pdf (8 agvisto, 2009w.).
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wels, rac 37%-iT Semcirebas gulisxmobs.6 Tumca emigracia xelmisawvdomi
iyo umciresobis mxolod ufro SeZlebuli warmomadgenlebisTvis da
gamoCenili da mdidari figurebis am danakargma es xalxi TavianTi interesebis
finansuri uzrunvelyofis SesaZleblobebis gareSe datova, gansakuTrebiT mas
Semdeg, rac moixsna saxelmwifo dafinanseba. samSoblos ararsebobis gamo
isini aRmoCndnen mdgomareobaSi, rodesac veravis mimarTavdnen organizaciuli
da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobisTvis saWiro finansuri
xmarebisTvis.
da axlo aRmosavleTis farglebs gareT yvelaze mravalricxovan iezidur
da
am droidan mimdinareobs emigraciis procesi da, Temis liderTa SefasebiT,
saqarTveloSi 2008 wlis bolosaTvis mxolod daaxloebiT 12,000 iezidi-
qurTi cxovrobda, maSin, rodesac es ricxvi dRes gacilebiT mcirea
wlevandeli mniSvnelovani migraciis Sedegad. statistikis Tanaxmad qveyanas
umeteswilad toveben axalgazrda mamakacebi, Tumca emigranti ojaxebis ricxvi
aseve maRalia.7 emigrantTa udidesi umravlesoba aris Tbilisidan da
Telavidan, Tumca aseve arian soflebidanac. ukanasknel periodamde ruseTi
iyo mTavari daniSnulebis qveyana saqarTvelodan mimavali iezidi-qurTebisTvis,
radgan ruseTSi didi iezid-qurTuli diasporaa da bevr iezid-qurTs iq
naTesavebi hyavs. magram 2006 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris
daketvis, pirdapiri sahaero kavSiris Sewyvetisa da vizis miRebis
garTulebuli pirobebis Sedegad, gansakuTrebiT ki 2008 wlis agvistoSi
momxdari samxreT oseTis omis Semdeg ruseTSi wasvlis SesaZleblobebi
sagrZnoblad SeizRuda. aman gamoiwvia iezidi-qurTebis kidev ufro didi
raodenobis mcdeloba, dasaxlebuliyo evrokavSiris qveynebSi. germania
gansakuTrebiT mimzidvelia saqarTvelodan wasuli umciresobis wevrebisTvis:
iq daaxloebiT 30,000-40,000 iezidi-qurTi cxovrobs, rac samxreT kavkasiisa
6 devid szakoni, eTnikuri mobilizacia... gv. 7. 7 ix. danarTi.
7
mosaxleobas warmoadgens.8 iezidi-qurTebis Temebi warmodgenilia aseve
holandiaSi, belgiaSi, gaerTianebul samefoSi, saberZneTSi, safrangeTSi,
daniasa da SvedeTSi, Tumca germaniasTan SedarebiT isini gacilebiT
mcirericxovania. bolo wlebSi saqarTvelodan wasuli iezidi-qurTebisTvis
sasurveli daniSnulebis adgili, garda germaniisa, iyo holandia, dania,
saberZneTi, Sveicaria da espaneTi.9 magram wels saqarTvelodan wasuli iezidi-
qurTebis emigrantTa nakadisTvis ZiriTadi daniSnulebis qveynebi iyo
safrangeTi, germania, avstria, Sveicaria da belgia.10
emigraciam ramdenime mniSvnelovani Sedegi iqonia saqarTveloSi myof iezid-
qurTul umciresobaze. am jgufis finansuri safuZvlebis dakninebis garda,
aman aseve gaarTula umciresobisTvis misi tradiciebis SenarCuneba.
sazogadoeba emyareba mxolod kasturi sistemis SigniT arsebul
urTierTobebs, sadac TiToeul kastas Tavisi specifikuri roli aqvs, xolo
mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani danakargis gamo proporciuli Tanafardoba kastebs
Soris ver iqna SenarCunebuli. magaliTisaTvis, es niSnavs imas, rom ufro
cota iyo sulieri lideri, romelsac SeeZlo religiuri tradiciebis
axalgazrda TaobisTvis gadacema. garda amisa, radgan umciresobis wevrebs
ufleba aqvT, iqorwinon mxolod TavianTi qvekastis wevrze, maTTvis Zalian
gaZnelda meuRlis povna Temis SigniT. Temis wevrebs Soris urTierTobis
dabali donisa da organizebuli RonisZiebebis Tu Sexvedrebis saSualebiT
qvekastis wevrebis gacnobis mcire SesaZleblobebis gamo gaizarda Temis gareT
qorwinebebis ricxvi. aman, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvia kulturis dakargva, vinaidan,
ieziduri tradiciis Tanaxmad, piri, romelic Tavisi qvekastis gareSe pirze
8 vritneti (2008) iezidi umciresobis mdgomareoba samxreT kavkasiaSi (somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani) adamianTa uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT , gaero-s adamianT uflebaTa umaRlesi komisariatis dakveTiT, gv. 37. ix. vebgverdze: www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/485fa2342.pdf 9 imave wyarodan, gv. 38. 10 rogorc qvemoT iqneba ganxiluli, poloneTi bevri emigrantis mier gamoiyeneba, rogorc tramplini evrokavSiris sxva qveynebSi mosaxvedrad da ar ganixileba rogorc saboloo
daniSnulebis adgili.
8
iqorwinebs, aRar iTvleba eTnikuri jgufis wevrad da mas ekrZaleba nebismieri
saxis religiur tradiciebSi monawileoba.11
iezid-qurTebs Soris qarTuli enis gamoyenebaze aseve gavlena iqonia 1990-ian
wlebSi ekonomikurma vardnam. manamde iezid-qurTebs qarTuli enis codnis
sakmaod normaluri done hqondaT, radgan am jgufis umravlesoba did
qalaqebSi cxovrobda da, Sesabamisad, xSiri kontaqti hqonda qarTulenovan
mosaxleobasTan. cxovrebis donis gauaresebam sabWoTa kavSiris dSlis Semdeg
Secvala iezidi-qurTebis damokidebuleba qarTuli enisadmi. qveynis
damoukideblobis gamocxadebasTan erTad qarTuli oficialur saxelmwifo
enad gamocxadda, magram aq arsebuli mwiri ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis gamo
mSoblebma daiwyes TavianTi Svilebis gagzavna ruseTis saswavleblebSi, raTa
moemzadebinaT isini ruseTSi samuSaod. ucxoeTSi momavali cxovrebisTvis
Svilebis momzadebiT mSoblebma xeli Seuwyves axalgazrda Taobebis swrafvas
emigraciisken, riTac SeiZleba aixsnas uwyveti migraciis procesi 1990-iani
wlebis krizisis Semdeg. amas garda, saxelmwifo enis saTanadod codnis
gareSe axalgazrdebs naklebi safuZveli hqondaT saqarTveloSi dasarCenad.12
iezidi-qurTi umciresobis amJamindeli mdgomareoba
iezidi-qurTebis mier saqarTvelos datovebis mTavari mizezi aris qveynis
socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da sazRvargareT ganviTarebis savaraudo
SesaZleblobebi. ekonomikurma krizisma mZime pirobebi Seuqmna sazogadoebis
udides segments, eTnikuri kuTvnilebis miuxedavad, magram yvelaze metad
dazaraldnen socialurad daucveli iseTi jgufebi, rogoric arian iezidi-
qurTebi. zogadad iezidi-qurTebisTvis samuSaos Sovna saqarTveloSi Zalian
Znelia da umuSevrobis maRali done aiZulebs adamianebs, eZebon ukeTesi
11 devid szakoni, eTnikuri mobilizacia... gv.. 8-9. 12 imave wyarodan, gv. 9-10.
9
pirobebi sxvagan. es siZneleebi xandaxan damokidebulia oficialuri enis
arcodnaze, vinaidan qarTuli enis arcodna mniSvnelovnad amcirebs dasaqmebis
Sansebs. magram dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi aseve warmoiSveba
farTo sazogadoebaSi arsebuli crurwmenebis Sedegad da, miuxedavad imisa,
rom ar arsebobs imis damadasturebeli faqtebi, rom iezidi-qurTebis mimarT
xorcieldeba diskriminacia, umciresobaTa jgufebisadmi mikuTvnebuli pirebi
xSirad awydebian ufro met sirTules samuSaos Sovnisas, vidre eTnikuri
qarTvelebi. iezidi-qurTebis mimarT arsebuli stereotipebi SesaZloa aseve
xels uSlis umciresobis wevrebs dasaqmebaSi, vinaidan maT icnoben rogorc
dabali statusis mqone samuSaoze momuSaveebs, rac qmnis situacias, rodesac
maTTvis Znelia am sferos gareT samuSaos Sovna. iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis
gaunaTlebeli nawilisTvis anu am jgufis umravlesobisTvis qveyanaSi
arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareoba ukiduresad mZime pirobebs qmnis.
gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebi grZnoben, rom saqarTveloSi perspeqtiva ar aris
da Zalian mcire SesaZleblobebia, Tu aris saerTod, pirovnuli ganviTarebis
an ekonomikuri damoukideblobisTvis. 2008 wlis omma kidev ufro gaamwvava
mdgomareoba didi raodenobiT iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa gaCeniT,
romlebic axla ibrZvian samuSaos mosapoveblad iseT urbanul centrebSi,
rogoric Tbilisia.
iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis winaSe damatebiTi problemebi dgas maTi kulturis,
enisa da religiis mimarT mxardaWeris naklebobis TvalsazrisiT. parlamentSi,
mTavrobaSi an adgilobriv doneze ar arian iezidi-qurTebis warmomadgenlebi,
romlebic daicavdnen umciresobis interesebs da socialuri integraciis
naklebobis Sedegi aisaxeba sazogadoebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. umciresobis
CarTulobis done Zalze dabalia da ar arsebobs konkretuli programebi,
romlebic gamiznulia sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi umciresobis CarTvis
xelSewyobisTvis. garda aTwuTiani yovelkvireuli gadacemisa saxelmwifo
radioarxze, romelic inicirebuli iqna 2008 wels, ar aris arc erTi
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sainformacio wyaro, magaliTad, gazeTi an satelevizio programa, qurmanjul
enaze. ramdenime iezidur-qurTulma organizaciam Seitana gancxadeba grantebis
misaRebad rogorc mTavrobaSi, ise sxvadasxva saelCoSi, enisa da kompiuteris
Semswavleli kursebis daarsebis mizniT, magram amas dadebiTi Sedegi ar
mohyolia. saqarTveloSi dResdReobiT ar arsebobs qurmanjuli enis kursebi
da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am enaze iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis mxolod
daaxloebiT 30% laparakobs, enis dakargva aris erT-erTi safrTxe, romlis
winaSec dgas umciresoba.13 miuxedavad ganmeorebiTi moTxovnebisa sxvadasxva
iezidur-qurTuli organizaciis mxridan, xelisuflebas ar gamouyvia adgili
kulturuli centris gasaxsnelad, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda enis kursebis
da aseve religiuri RvTismsaxurebis Catareba.
RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saTanado adgilis uqonloba xels uwyobs saqarTveloSi
iezidizmis etapobriv gauCinarebas.14 saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesias
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia qarTul sazogadoebaSi da religiis didi
mniSvneloba gamoixateba rogorc sajaro skolebSi religiuri swavlebiT, ise
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi marTlmadidebeli mRvdlebis maRali CarTulobiT.
dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi tardeba gakveTilebi mxolod qristianuli
moZRvrebis Sesaxeb, rac iwvevs axalgazrdebSi codnis naklebobas iezidizmis
da sxva sarwmunoebebis Sesaxeb. sulier liderTa iSviaTi stumroba aseve
xels uwyobs religiis Zalis Sesustebas da axalgazrda iezidi-qurTebi sul
ufro metad ixrebian marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisken, romelsac
miekuTvneba qarTvelTa umravlesoba.15 im pirobebSi, rodesac bevri iezidi-
qurTi iRebs qristianobas, xolo maTi didi raodenoba emigraciaSi midis,
TemisTvis sul ufro Zneli xdeba saqarTveloSi Tavisi arsebobis gagrZeleba.
13 jonaTan viTli (2006) saqarTveloSi erovnul umciresobaTa CarCo konvenciis ganxorcieleba:
teqnikur-ekonomikuri Seswavla, ECMI samuSao furceli #28, flensburgi: ECMI, gv. 60. www.ecmi.de/download/working_paper_28.pdf 14 iezid-qurTuli taZris/kulturuli centris mSeneblobis Sesaxeb detaluri diskusiisaTcis ix, david szakonui, eTnikuri mobilizacia... 15 imave wyarodan,. gv . 14-15.
11
naTelia, rom asimilaciis procesi warmoadgens realur safrTxes umciresobis
TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisaTvis da iwvevs gulwrfel SiSs Temis SigniT,
rom maTi kultura, religia da ena male gaqrobis zRvarze iqneba
saqarTveloSi.
gza evrokavSirisken
zemoT aRwerili pirobebi ubiZgebs bevr iezid-qurTs saqarTvelos
datovebisaken. dResdReobiT ocneba, rogorc wesi, aris evrokavSiris romelime
qveyanaSi wasvla ukeTesi cxovrebis imediT, rasac adasturebs bolodroindeli
uprecendento nakadi qarTvelebisa, romlebic cdiloben, moaxerxon
poloneTSi, germaniasa da evrokavSiris sxva qveynebSi Sesvla, legalurad Tu
aralegalurad. rogorc Cans, 2009 wlis april-maisis TveebSi saqarTveloSi
gavrcelda xma, rom poloneT-belorusiis sazRvari Riaa saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebisTvis. gamokiTxuli pirebi ganmartaven, rom maT hyavT ojaxebi da
megobrebi, romelTac moiTxoves TavSesafari poloneTSi, rac ganapirobebs maT
survils, wavidnen am qveyanaSi. poloneTSi myofi ojaxebisa da megobrebisgan
wamosuli informaciiT, yvelaze advili gza evrokavSirSi mosaxvedrad aris
qveyanaSi TavSesafris moTxovna. rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa
garkveul nawils aseve sjera, rom maT gulTbilad miiReben poloneTSi
poloneTis prezidentis mier 2008 wlis samxreT oseTis omis Semdeg
saqarTveloSi misi ganmeorebiTi vizitebis dros qarTveli xalxisadmi
gamoxatuli solidarobis gamo.
informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom sazRvari Riaa, swrafad gavrcelda, ramac
gamoiwvia erTdroulad didi raodenobiT qarTvelis mier qveynis datoveba.
oficialur gancxadebaSi seqtemberSi poloneTis saelCom uaryo informacia
`poloneTis viTomda Ria sazRvris” Sesaxeb da ganacxada, rom araferi
Secvlila kanonmdeblobaSi sazRvris gadakveTasTan da qveyanaSi kanonierad
12
darCenisTvis ganacxadis Setanis SesaZleblobasTan mimarTebaSi.16 poloneTis
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisis cnobiT, bolo wlebSi ar
yofila SemTxveva, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs mieRoT TavSesafari.
ganacxadebi TavSesafris moTxovniT ganixileba individualurad, magram
gadawyvetilebis miRebisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba ucxoelTa ofisis xelT
arsebul informacias warmoSobis qveyanaSi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. poloneTis
amJamindeli praqtikis mixedviT, TavSesafris maZieblebs saqarTvelodan,
Cveulebriv, ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi argumentacia imisaTvis, rom mieniWoT
ltolvilis statusi poloneTSi. oqtomberSi gavrcelda xma, rom sazRvari
Caiketa, Tumca yvela adamians kvlav aqvs ufleba, moiTxovos TavSesafari
poloneTSi. realurad ki aSkara gaxda poloneTSi TavSesafris miRebis
SeuZlebloba da amitom, gamokiTxulTa gancxadebiT, es qveyana aRar
warmoadgens sasurveli daniSnulebis adgils emigrantebisTvis.
kidev erTi Wori, romelic gavrcelda saqarTveloSi aprilis Semdeg, aris is,
rom poloneTSi TavSesafris miReba ufro advilia iezidi-qurTebisTvis, vidre
saqarTvelos sxva moqalaqeebisTvis.17 es Sexeduleba gaxda albaT mizezi
qurTebis masobrivi mcdelobisa, Sesuliyvnen wels poloneTSi. imisaTvis, rom
realurad daemtkicebinaT, rom isini umciresobas miekuTvnebodnen, zogierTma
iezidma-qurTma moiTxova maTi Tavdapirveli qurTuli gvarebis aRdgena,
romlebic tradiciulad warmoiqmna ojaxuri gvaridan an maTi warmoSobis
regionebidan. saqarTveloSi, somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi Semosvlisas 1900-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi xelisuflebam – im dros imperiulma ruseTma – Seucvala
maT gvarebi da amgvarad am qveynebSi dasaxlebul umciresobis wevrebs,
16 ‘The Georgian Times’, poloneTis saelCos oficialuri gancxadeba, 5 seqtemberi, 2009. 17 TavSesafris maZiebeli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi wina wlebSi da aseve sxva qveynebSi Cveul argumentad iyenebdnen qurTul warmoSobas. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac eTnikuri qarTvelebi
Soulobdnen yalb sabuTebs, rom isini qurTuli warmomavlobis arian. migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia (2001) gaWirveba sazRvargareT Tu SimSili samSobloSi – saqarTvelodan araregularuli migraciis gamokvleva, ix. veb-gverdze: http://iom.ramdisk.net/iom/images/uploads/Georgia_Report%20on%20Trafficking_2001_En_1071070157.pdf
13
rogorc wesi, qarTuli, somxuri, azerbaijanuli an rusuli gvarebi aqvT.
TbilisSi aris ramdenime qurTuli organizacia, romelic cdilobs, daexmaros
iezid-qurTebs maTi namdvili qurTuli gvarebis dabrunebaSi maTTvis qurTuli
warmomavlobis damadasturebeli sabuTis gacemiT. magram adamianis mier
namdvili gvaris dabrunebis procesi sakmaod garTulebulia. maSin, rodesac
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT nebadarTulia saxelis Secvla, qurTuli
gvaris aRdgena TiTqmis SeuZlebelia imis gamo, rom procedurebi
garTulebulia da ar arsebobs iuridiuli sicxade imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu
ras moicavs gvaris dabruneba da rogorc SeiZleba saxeli daubrundes Tavis
originals.18 gamudmebuli uari Temis mier aRiqmeba rogorc xelisuflebis
winaswarganzraxuli mcdeloba, xeli SeuSalos iezid-qurTebs maTi namdvili
gvarebis aRdgenaSi.
im Sexedulebam, rom qurTebs ufro advilad SeuZliaT TavSesafris miReba
poloneTSi, ubiZga sxva jgufebis wevrebs, maT Soris eTnikur qarTvelebs,
somxebsa da azerbaijanelebs, SeetanaT ganacxadi TavSesafarze, romelSic
acxadebdnen, rom qurTebi iyvnen. TavSesafris miRebaze ganacxadebis
ganmxilveli organosaTvis praqtikulad SeuZlebelia imis garkveva, vin aris
emigrantebs Soris qurTi da vin ara. gamomdinare iqidan, rom qurTebis
umravlesoba ar atarebs Tavis namdvil gvars, romelic gamoarCevda maT sxva
jgufebis wevrebisagan, SeuZlebelia, magaliTad, ganasxvavo qurTi da somexi
mxolod maT gvarebze dayrdnobiT. imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovreb
qurTebSi enis codnis gansxvavebuli doneebia, lingvisturi faqtorebi aseve
ar gamodgeba TavSesafris maZiebelTa vinaobis dasadgenad.
evropaSi TavSesafris Zieba ZviradRirebuli wamowyebaa, romlis fasebi
icvleba imis mixedviT, Tu ra marSruts irCevs adamiani evrokavSiris
qveynebisken. saqarTvelodan emigrantebs SeuZliaT airCion ramdenime marSruti,
18 Humanrights.ge, qurT-iezidTa diskriminacia saqarTveloSi, 15 oqtomberi, 2004.
14
rom miaRwion sasurveli daniSnulebis wertilamde. imisaTvis, rom Cavidnen
dasavleT evropis qveynebSi, emigrantebi, Cveulebriv, miemgzavrebian
TviTmfrinaviT Tbilisidan iseT qalaqebSi, rogoric aris frankfurti,
amsterdami, vena an parizi da Semdeg avtobusiT an matarebliT midian
saboloo daniSnulebis wertilamde belgiaSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi da
sxvagan. ruseTi iyo mTavari satranzito qveyana saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis,
romlebic TviTmfrinaviT mgzavrobdnen moskovamde da agrZelebdnen gzas
dasavleT evropis qveynebisken. magram TviTmfrinaviT Cafrenisas uSualod
evrokavSiris qveynis aeroportSi saWiroa vizis aReba, rac emigrantebisTvis
xSirad Znelad mosaxerxebelia sakuTari ZalebiT. vizis misaRebad saWiroa
rigi dokumentebisa, maT Soris saqarTveloSi dasaqmebis damadasturebeli
cnoba da amonawerebi sabanko angariSebidan. potenciur emigrantebs xSirad ara
aqvT am dokumentebis mopovebis saSualeba da, Sesabamisad, sWirdebaT saTanado
agentebis an ukanonod moqmedi Suamavlebis daxmareba, rac Zalian
ZviradRirebuli variantebia. Suamavlebs SeuZliaT vizis miRebis gaadvilebis
mizniT damatebiTi dokumentebis uzrunvelyofa, rogoric aris mowveva
ucxouri kompaniidan an yalbi samsaxuris cnoba, yvelaferi es Zalian maRal
fasad.
kidev erTi variantia evrokavSiris sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTa, rac,
Cveulebriv, moiTxovs agentebTan dakavSirebas, romlebsac SeuZliaT
uzrunvelyon gadasvla arCeul adgilas. avtobusiT aralegalurad mgzavroba
ukrainis gavliT slovakeTis an ungreTisken gavrcelebuli alternativa iyo
qarTveli emigrantebisTvis. kidev erTi SesaZlo da xSirad gamoyenebuli
marSruti aris TurqeTis gavliT saberZneTSi Casvla sazRvris ukanonod
gadakveTis gziT da Semdeg avtobusiT an TviTmfrinaviT gzis gagrZeleba
evrokavSiris sxva qveynebisken.19 evrokavSirSi Sesvlis am variantebTan
SedarebiT axlad aRmoCenili marSruti poloneTis gavliT ufro iafi da
19 migraciis saerTaSoriso ofisi (2008) migracia saqarTveloSi: qveynis daxasiaTeba 2008, gv. 33. ix. veb-gverdze: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/Georgia_Profile2008.pdf
15
naklebad rTuli alternativaa. faqtobrivad, es iafi varianti met adamians
aZlevs emigrirebis saSualebas.
saqarTvelodan TavSesafris maZieblebis gadasvla poloneTSi, Cveulebriv,
xdeba poloneT-belarusiis sazRvarze tiraspolSi, brestis maxloblad,
arsebuli gamSvebi punqtidan, Tbilisidan minskSi TviTmfrinaviT Cafrenis
Semdeg. 2009 wlis 21 ivlisidan yovelkvireuli frenebis sixSire or qalaqs
Soris gaizarda oTxidan xuT reisamde, rac savaraudod ganapiroba
saqarTvelodan TavSesafris maZiebelTa bevrad gazrdilma raodenobam.20
mogvianebiT `belaviam”, belarusulma aviakompaniam, kidev gazarda reisebis
raodenoba kviraSi eqvsamde. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis ar aris saWiro
viza belarusiaSi Sesasvlelad, xolo belarusieli mesazRvreebi poloneTis
sazRvarTan ar akontroleben, rom adamianebs, romlebic toveben qveyanas,
hqondeT viza, romelic maT Semdgomi mgzavrobis uflebas aZlevs. emigrantebs
daubrkoleblad SeuZliaT miaRwion poloneTis mxaris sazRvramde, sadac isini
iTxoven TavSesafars ltolvilis statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
CabarebiT sasazRvro gamSvebi punqtis ufros oficerTan. Sesabamisad,
evrokavSirSi fizikurad Sesasvlelad ar aris saWiro poloneTis viza.
adamians aqvs TavSesafris moTxovnis ufleba sxva qveyanaSi, rodesac mis
samSoblos ar SeuZlia misi dacva devnisagan. 1951 wlis Jenevis konvenciis
Tanaxmad, romelic Seexeba ltolvilTa statuss, adamians SeuZlia moiTxovos
TavSesafari mis mimarT rasis, erovnebis, religiis, socialuri kuTvnilebis an
politikuri Sexedulebis niadagze devnis saSiSroebis saTanadod
dasabuTebuli argumentaciis safuZvelze. iezidi-qurTebi asaxeleben sxvadasxva
mizezs maT mier TavSesafris moTxovnis argumentad, romelTagan mTavari
motivi aris diskriminacia eTnikuri warmomavlobis niadagze. saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTebis zogierTi warmomadgenlis azriT, es mizezebi
20 `belavia”, 29 ivnisi, 2009, http://en.belavia.by/news/news/0244160/.
16
xSirad adekvaturad ar asaxavs realobas, aramed ufro gamogonilia
ltolvilis statusis an minimum qveyanaSi Sesvlis uflebis mopovebis mizniT.
yvela ganacxadi ganixileba, imisda miuxedavad, legalurad moxvda adamiani
qveyanaSi Tu aralegalurad.21 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
ucxoelTa ofisi pasuxismgebelia TavSesafris moTxovnebis ganxilvaze da,
Sesabamisad, gancxadeba egzavneba ucxoelTa ofisis ufross da Semdeg
gadaecema Sesabamis ganyofilebas.22 TavSesafris maZiebelma unda mimarTos
centralur mimRebs podkova lesna-debakSi, varSavis maxloblad, sadac is
gadis samedicino Semowmebas eqimis mier poloneTis 25 ltolvilTa banakidan
erT-erTSi moTavsebamde. SesaZlebelia aseve kerZod dasaxleba, rasac
upiratesobas aniWebs qarTvel emigrantTa umravlesoba.
poloneTSi cxovrebisas TavSesafris maZiebelTa pirobebi xSirad mZimea.
TavSesafris miRebis procesi SeiZleba moicavdes ramdenimeTvian lodins yvela
proceduris dasrulebamde. am periodSi, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, TavSesafris
maZieblebi rCebian an ltolvilTa banakebSi, an kerZo sacxovreblebSi da,
rogorc cnobilia, orive SemTxvevaSi isini cud pirobebSi imyofebian da
ganicdian sakvebis naklebobas. imisda mixedviT, Tu romel banakSi iqna
moTavsebuli ganmcxadebeli da ramxelaa misi ojaxi, is iRebs sxvadasxva
odenobis Semweobas, daaxloebiT 20 zlotis odenobiT (rac daaxloebiT 5
evroa) dReSi da eZleva sacxovrebeli, sakvebi da samedicino momsaxurebis
miRebis ufleba. maT, vinc banakis gareT kerZo seqtorSi cxovrobs, uxdian
800 zlots (daaxloebiT 190 evros) TveSi sacxovreblis, sakvebis da sxva
saWiroebebisTvis. saqarTveloSi zogierT gamokiTxulTa azriT, TavSesafris
21 rogorc qvemoT iqneba ganxiluli, TavSesafris maZieblis gancxadeba, romelsac adre
Setanili hqonda ganacxadi TavSesafarze evrokavSiris amave qveyanaSi, ganixileba mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu warmoiSva axali faqtebi an garemoebebi. sxva SemTxvevaSi ganacxadi
dauyovnebliv iqneba uaryofili. 22 uaryofiTi gadawyvetilebis SemTxvevaSi TavSesafris maZiebels SesaZlebloba aqvs mimarTos
meore instancias, ltolvilta sabWos. im SemTxvevasi, Tu sabWo ar mianiWebs TavSesafris maZiebels ltolvilis statuss, man unda datovos qveyana. Tu es ar moxdeba nebayoflobiT,
pirovneba deportirebuli iqneba ukan samSobloSi.
17
maZiebelTa saqarTveloSi darCenili ojaxebi zogjer ugzavnian fuls TavianT
naTesavebs poloneTSi, sxva emigrantebi ki aralegalurad muSaoben qveyanaSi
TavSesafris miRebis procesSi. garda amisa, gadaWedil banakebSi didi
raodenobiT arian CeCnebi, romlebic elodebian TavSesafarze gancxadebebis
ganxilvas da, arsebuli informaciiT, zogierTi CeCeni da qarTveli jgufebi
xSirad erTvebian CxubSi, rac iq mcxovrebTaTvis Zalian arasaimedo situacias
qmnis. emigrantTa garkveuli nawili irCevs, ar darCes banakebSi an kerZo
sacxovrebelSi maTi saqmis ganxilvis dasrulebamde, aramed agrZelebs
aralegalurad migracias dasavleTiT evrokavSiris qveynebisken.
TavSesafris miRebis procesSi TavSesafris maZieblebi valdebulni arian,
darCnen poloneTSi da ara aqvT ufleba, gadakveTon Sengenis zonis wevri sxva
saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebi. ganmcxadebeli ver gansazRvravs, Tu romeli qveyana
ganixilavs mis gancxadebas TavSesafarze. dublinis dadgenileba23 aris
SeTanxmeba evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris, romelic gansazRvravs qveyanas,
romelic pasuxismgebelia TavSesafris miniWebis Sesaxeb ganacxadebis
ganxilvaze. misi mizania, rac SeiZleba swrafad gansazRvros pasuxismgebeli
wevri-saxelmwifo24 da uzrunvelyos TavSesafris maZieblis gadayvana am
saxelmwifoSi, romelic amis Semdeg daasrulebs TavSesafarze ganacxadis
Seswavlas. dublinis dadgenilebis Tanaxmad wevri saxelwifo, romelsac
TavSesafris maZiebelma Tavdapirvelad mimarTa TavSesafris TxovniT,
Cveulebriv, kisrulobs pasuxismgeblobas am pirze im gagebiT, rom, Tu
adamians surs Seitanos ganacxadi TavSesafarze evrokavSiris romelime sxva
qveyanaSi, is, formalurad mainc, pirvelad unda Cavides im qveyanaSi, sadac
surs TavSesafris miReba. Sesabamisad, TavSesafris maZieblebi, romlebic
cdiloben, moipovon TavSesafari, magaliTad, germaniaSi an safrangeTSi,
23 evrokavSiris sabWos rezolucia (EC) # 343/2003, 18 Tebervali, 2003. 24 dublinis dadgenileba moicavs evrokavSiris qveynebs da aseve norvegiasa da islandias
specialuri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze.
18
rogorc wesi, aralegalurad kveTen evrokavSiris sazRvars, raTa Semdgom
moxvdnen sasurvel qveyanaSi da iq Seitanon gancxadeba TavSesafarze.
evrokavSirSi Semaval yvela qveyanaSi TavSesafris moTxovniT ganacxadis
Setana SesaZlebelia erTze metjer, magram Tu saqmeSi ar aris axali faqtebi
an garemoebebi, ganacxadi iTvleba aSkarad dausabuTeblad da dauyovnebliv
xdeba misi uaryofa.25 saqarTvelos bevri moqalaqisaTvis, romelTa
ganacxadebic uaryofili iqna, es niSnavs, rom TavSesafris moTxovna veRar
iqneba poloneTidan evrokavSirSi moxvedris saSualeba. Tumca zogierTs
mtkiced aqvs gadawyvetili evrokavSirSi moxvedra da sanacvlod cdilobs iq
aralegalurad SeRwevas damoukideblad an adamianTa trefikingiT dakavebuli
jgufebis daxmarebiT. respondentebi saqarTveloSi ganmartaven, rom am
droisTvis ukve cxadi gaxda, rom poloneTSi ar aris ltolvilis statusis
miRebis SesaZleblobebi da amitom zogierTi cdilobs, arakanonierad
gadakveTos evrokavSiris gare sazRvrebi sxva qveynebSi TavSesafris miRebis an
sadme evrokavSiris farglebSi malulad cxovrebis mizniT. gamokiTxulTa
umravlesobas miznad hqonda dasaxuli germaniaSi an safrangeTSi wasvla.
germania izidavs iezid-qurTebs misi didi diasporiT, Tumca gasul wels
ltolvilis statusis miniWebis cota SemTxveva iyo. safrangeTis arCeva
daniSnulebis adgilad savaraudod SeiZleba aixsnas wina wlebSi saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebisTvis TavSesafris micemis SedarebiT maRali maCvenebliT.26
iyo ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma scades
evrokavSirSi moxvedra bularusis sazRvris aralegalurad gadakveTiT
poloneTis, litvisa da latviis mimarTulebiT. amis gamo belarusma gaaZliera
sasazRvro kontroli monadireebis daqiravebiT, romelTac davalebuli
25 TavSesafarze ganacxadis ramdenjerme Setanis SesaZlebloba sirTules qmnis statistikaSi, vinaidan erTi da igive adamiani erTze metjer aris daTvlili. 26 UNHCR-is yovelwliuri statistikuri cnobarebi, www.unhcr.org/pages/4a02afce6.html.
19
hqondaT sazRvris gadakveTis mcdelobisas ukanono emigrantebis daWera.27
belarusis saxelmwifo sazRvris komiteti TanamSromlobs evrokavSirTan
aralegaluri migraciis arxebis gamosavlenad, mTavari amocana ki maTi povnaa,
vinc emigrantebis megzuria sasazRvro zonebSi. amave mizniT poloneTsa da
belaruss Soris TanamSromloba emyareba 1961 wlis samTavrobo
xelSekrulebas poloneT-belarusis sazRvarze legaluri urTierTobebis
Sesaxeb. arseboben garkveuli kriminaluri jgufebi, romlebic exmarebian
xalxs sazRvris gadakveTaSi, Cveulebriv, mwvane zonebis gavliT. poloneT-
belarusis aRmosavleTi sazRvris gaswvriv aris tyeebi, tbebi da mTebi, rac
gansakuTrebiT xels aZlevs adamianTa trefikingiT dakavebuli jgufebs am
teritoriaze moqmedebisTvis. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis gadmocemiT, CeCnebi
icdian aeroportis gareT minskSi, rodesac iq Cadian TviTmfrinavebi
Tbilisidan da sTavazoben xalxs TavianT momsaxurebas, romelsac zogi ise
Tanxmdeba, rom ar acnobierebs amasTan dakavSirebul riskebs. aris cnobebi,
rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi am kriminalur jgufebs mihyavT emigrantebi tyeebSi
da Zarcvaven. vrceldeboda aseve xmebi emigrantebis mkvlelobebis Sesaxeb. sxva
tipis jgufi, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, aseve CeCnebisgan Sedgeba, moqmedebs
poloneTis banakebSi da miznad isaxavs, daexmaros xalxs sazRvrebis
gadakveTaSi evrokavSiris SigniT, magaliTad, safrangeTSi an germaniaSi
mosaxvedrad. es jgufebi ufro saimedod iTvleba, radgan, arsebuli
informaciiT, isini xSirad aRweven TavianT mizans. gamomdinare iqidan, rom
Sengenis qveynebs Soris ar aris sasazRvro gamSvebi punqtebi, SedarebiT
advilia saxelmwifo sazRvris SeumCnevlad gadakveTa manqaniT. imisda mixedviT,
Tu sad surs adamians gamgzavreba, sazRvris gadakveTis Rirebuleba meryeobs
500-dan 2,500 evromde. safrangeTSi Casvla ufro Zviria, vidre germaniaSi,
vinaidan ufro Sori manZilia da, Sesabamisad, riskic metia. adamianebi, visac
27 ‘Georgian Times’, `belorusia cdilobs SeaCeros qarTvelebi evropaSi gaqcevisgan~, 2009
wlis 7 seqtemberi.
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ar SeuZlia safasuris gadaxda aseTi jgufebisTvis, xSirad cdiloben,
damoukideblad gadakveTon sazRvrebi manqaniT an taqsiT.
sinamdvileSi poloneTSi moxvedra ar aris emigrantTa saboloo mizani da is
ufro gamoiyeneba, rogorc satranzito qveyana evrokavSirSi Sesasvlelad.
umravlesobas surs wasvla ufro dasavleTiT mdebare evropul qveynebSi,
rogoric aris germania, safrangeTi, Sveicaria, avstria da belgia. es sakmaod
rTuli wamowyebaa, vinaidan TavSesafris maZieblebs poloneTSi ltolvilis
statusis miRebis molodinSi ara aqvT ufleba, gadakveTon Sengenis zonis sxva
wevri saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebi. magram ramdenime SemTxvevam miipyro
yuradReba, rodesac qarTveli moqalaqeebi cdilobdnen poloneTsa da Sengenis
sxva qveynebs Soris sazRvris, magaliTad, CexeTis respublikasTan arsebuli
sazRvris, gadakveTas. aseve iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi
cdilobdnen aralegalurad gamgzavrebas CexeTis gavliT avstriaSi, sadac
isini dakavebulni iqnen policiis mier sasazRvro zonaSi. 2007 wels CexeTis
respublikis SengenSi gaerTianebis Semdeg28 policia atarebs SemTxveviT
reidebs sasazRvro teritoriebze. policias Sengenis zonis farglebSi ufleba
aqvs, moiTxovos am zonis gareT myofi qveynebis moqalaqeebisgan dokumentebi,
romlebic adasturebs, rom maT aqvT qveyanaSi yofnis ufleba. ukanono
emigrantebis dakavebis SemTxvevaSi maT aZeveben Sesabamisi qveynidan garkveuli
periodiT da Semdeg agzavnian poloneTSi dublinis dadgenilebis safuZvelze.
qveyana, sadac Tavdapirvelad Sedian TavSesafris maZieblebi, pasuxismgebelia
ganacxadis ganxilvaze da amitom maT agzavnian ukan poloneTSi, sadac maT
pirvelad Seitanes ganacxadi TavSesafarze. poloneTSi dabrunebulebs
aTavseben aralegali emigrantebis droebiTi ganTavsebis centrebSi manam, sanam
maTi saqmeebi ganxilvis procesSia. pirebs, romelTac aralegalurad SeaRwies
poloneTSi TavSesafris moTxovnis gareSe da dakavebulni iqnen poloneTis
28 2007 wlis dekemberSi Sengenis Tavisufal sasazRvro zonaSi Sevida cxra axali wevri saxelmwifo, kerZod, poloneTi, CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, latvia, litva, ungreTi,
slovakeTi, slovenia da malta.
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sazRvrebs SigniT, ufleba aqvT, moiTxovon ltolvilis statusi aRniSnul
centrebSi, romelTac marTavs poloneTis sasazRvro dacva.
poloneTis xelisuflebam rogorc damoukideblad, ise Sveicariasa da
avstriasTan TanamSromlobiT daiwyo saqarTvelos im moqalaqeTa deportacia,
romelTa ganacxadebi TavSesafarze uaryofili iqna. deportacia daiwyo
agvistoSi saqarTvelos oTxi moqalaqiT, seqtemberSi ki maTi ricxvi 49-mde
gaizarda. oqtomberSi deportirebuli iqna 19 adamiani, noemberSi – 36, xolo
dekemberSi – 15. amasTan erTad, migraciis saerTaSoriso ofisis (IOM) mier
organizebuli nebayoflobiTi dabrunebis farglebSi 38 adamiani dabrunda
saqarTveloSi.29 saqarTvelos zogierTi moqalaqe, romelsac uari eTqva
TavSesafarze da deportirebuli iqna saqarTveloSi, mZime pirobebSi aRmoCnda.
marTalia, poloneTis gavliT gza evrokavSiramde SedarebiT
araZviradRirebuli alternativaa, magram zogierTi emigrantisTvis es mainc
did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli da mgzavrobisTvis saWiro gaxda maTi
kuTvnili qonebis nawilobriv an srulad gayidva. pirobebi gansakuTrebiT
mZimea iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi myof ojaxebs unda gaegzavnaT
fuli TavianTi naTesavebisTvis, romlebic elodebodnen TavSesafarze
gancxadebis ganxilvas poloneTSi. mdgomareoba, romelic poloneTSi wasvlamde
arastabilurad iTvleboda, bevr SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro damZimda. iyo
ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac emigraciis gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg
iezidma-qurTebma ara erTxel scades poloneTSi SeRweva, rac aseve miuTiTebs
am marSrutis xelmisawvdomobaze. gamokiTxulebi amtkiceben, rom maT icodnen
im siZneleebis Sesaxeb, rac dakavSirebuli iyo evrokavSirSi moxvedrasTan,
magram vinaidan mgzavroba SedarebiT iafi jdeboda, maT mainc gadawyvites,
ecadaT bedi.
29 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisi.
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miuxedavad imisa, rom warsulSic da amJamadac mimdinareobs umTavresad
iezidi-qurTi warmoSobis saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis deportacia poloneTidan
saqarTveloSi, maTi didi ricxvi kvlavac evrokavSiris qveynebSi rCeba ukeTesi
cxovrebis ZiebaSi. poloneTSi registrirebul qarTvel TavSesafris
maZiebelTa TiTqmis 75% gauCinarda ltolvilTa banakebidan da kerZo
sacxovreblebidan maTi ganacxadebis ganxilvis periodSi. bevrma scada
evrokavSiris sxva qveyanaSi gadasvla, rasac adasturebs ganacxadTa didi
raodenoba, romlebic poloneTis xelisuflebam miiRo dublinis dadgenilebis
proceduruli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. evrokavSiris sxvadasxva qveynidan
poloneTis xelisuflebas gadaegzavna 1,500 moTxovna, rom ukan waeyvanaT
TavSesafris maZieblebi, xolo dublinis dadgenilebis farglebSi dRemde 500
TavSesafris maZiebeli dabrunda qveyanaSi.30 garda amisa, TavSesafris miReba ar
aris emigrantebisTvis qveyanaSi darCenis erTaderTi gza. erT-erTi
alternativaa daqorwineba iseT pirze, visac evrokavSiris qveynis moqalaqeoba
aqvs, Tumca es iSviaTad aris gamosavali, vinaidan Znelia iseTi adamianis
povna, vinc Tanaxma iqneba qveyanaSi legalurad darCenis uflebis mopovebis
mizeziT daqorwinebaze. kidev erTi gacilebiT ufro gavrcelebuli
alternativaa aralegalurad darCena sasurvel qveyanaSi. ucnobia im
qarTvelTa raodenoba, romelTac ukanonod SeaRwies evrokavSirSi da,
Sesabamisad, ar arian registrirebulni iq, xolo TiTqmis 2,000 qarTveli
emigranti, romelTac moiTxoves TavSesafari poloneTSi gasuli Tveebis
ganmavlobaSi, iuridiuli terminologiiT rom vTqvaT, amJamad dakargulad
iTvleba.
poloneTis xelisuflebisa da evrokavSiris sxva qveynebisTvis problemebis
Seqmnis garda, ZiriTadad iezidi-qurTebisgan Semdgari emigrantTa nakadi
saqarTvelodan ukanasknel periodSi ukiduresad uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens
saqarTveloSi darCenil mosaxleobaze. iezid-qurTuli mosaxleoba, romelic
30 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisi.
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ukve ganicdis asimilaciis Zlier procesebs da enisa da kulturis dakargvas,
mniSvnelovnad Semcirda ricxobrivad misi wevrebis albaT erT mesamedze
metis, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda Taobebis mier qveynis datovebis Sedegad.
maSin, rodesac arsebobs Sansi, rom emigrantTa garkveuli nawili sabolood
dabrundeba saqarTveloSi, rogorc Cans, bevri iezidi-qurTi darCeba
sazRvargareT, sadac maT, rogorc ukanono emigrantebs evropis qveynebSi,
mouwevT cxovrebis arastabilur pirobebTan gamklaveba. arsebobs yvela
safuZveli imisa, rom qarTvelma da saerTaSoriso dainteresebulma mxareebma
ifiqron imaze, Tu ra zomebis miReba SeiZleba ukeTesi pirobebis Sesaqmnelad
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobisTvis, romelic sagrZnoblad
mcirdeba.
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danarTi. `pirebi, romelTac Seitanes ganacxadi saerTaSoriso dacvaze an
dasaxelebulni iqnen ganacxadSi ojaxis wevrad saangariSo periodis manZilze~
(2009)31
aprili maisi ivnisi ivlisi agvisto seqt oqt noem sul sul sul 56 58 849 1,038 1,371 317 205 143 4,037 100.0%0-13 17 14 227 212 259 29 35 20 813 20,1%14-17 2 2 22 26 40 7 4 2 105 2,6%18-34 25 34 450 604 755 195 115 79 2,257 55,9%35-64 9 8 144 195 311 85 51 42 845 20,9%65 da zemoT 3 0 6 1 6 1 0 0 17 0,4% mamakacebi sul 26 58 511 681 871 218 137 93 2,595 64,3%0-13 9 14 121 126 137 13 20 12 452 11,2%14-17 1 2 13 14 28 2 4 0 64 1,6%18-34 12 34 289 434 533 159 90 62 1,613 40,0%35-64 4 8 86 106 171 44 23 19 461 11,4%65 da zemoT 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 5 0,1% qalebi sul 30 0 338 357 500 99 68 50 1,442 35,7%0-13 8 0 106 86 122 16 15 8 361 8,9%14-17 1 0 9 12 12 5 0 2 41 1,0%18-34 13 0 161 170 222 36 25 17 644 16,0%35-64 5 0 58 89 140 41 28 23 384 9,5%65 da zemoT 3 0 4 0 4 1 0 0 12 0,3%
31 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisi www.udsc.gov.pl/Refugee,status,278.html
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