task 2 published

8/3/2019 Task 2 Published

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Skeleton


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The skeleton is very important, as it

supports the whole of the human body and

protects vital the organs such as the brain,heart and lungs. Our skeleton also influ-

ences our shape.

Types of bones in the skeleton

Long bones

Hands and feet: Metacarpals, Metatarsals and

Phalanges.

Arms: Humerous, Ulma and Radius

Legs: Femur, Tibia and Fibula

Short bones

Wrist: Carpals

Ankle: Tarsals

Flat (plate) bones

Upper Body: Cranium, Scapula, Sternum, Ribsand Clavicle

Mid Section: Ilium

Irregular bones

Upper Body: Vertebrae

Leg: Patella


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Function of bones

Movement; Muscles pull on the

attached bones for movement.Different sports require extremely

wide variety of movements from

moving the legs in a running mo-

tion to swinging to arms to perform

a drop shot in badminton.

Shape; The shape of the body is

influenced by the skeleton.

Posture and figure is important for

shape which are valued in sports

such as, gymnastics and dance.

Each individual athlete needs adifferent shape and figure for what

event they specialise in. For

example, a swimmer need to be

thin and streamline to cut through

the water quickly whereas, a

weight lifter needs mass muscle to

help them life heavy weights.


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Blood production; Bone

marrow makes red and white

blood cells. A good athlete

needs good blood production tomake their body stronger as

they train. Also the red blood

cells that are being pumped

around the body carries oxygen

to the muscles.

Support; the organs of the body

are supported by skeleton in tough

body posture sports such as

gymnastics, as the body in posi-

tioned as shown the picture to

your left the organs are held in

place and supported by the ribsand spinal column.

Protection; Our bones help protect

vital organs in heavy contact sports

such as rugby. Bones such as the

ribs and cranium stop us causing

major damage to our vital organs.


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JOINTS

There are three main types ofsynovial joint which allow us

to move for exercise.

Ball and socket joint:

This joint is made to move in

all directions and this type of

joint is found in the shoulders

and hips.

Hinge joint:

This joint only allows movement

in two directions through a

hinged motion. The type of joint

is used in elbows and knees

Pivot joint:

This joint in the body

only allows rotation, for

example this joint is

used in the vertebrae of

the neck.


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Movement of Joints and Muscles

The five types of movement in joints are as follows:

Flexion: the bending of the joint.

Extension: the straightening of a joint.

Abduction: a movement away from the body.

Adduction: a movement towards the body.

Rotation: a joint moving in a rotational motion.

Other types of joints:

Fixed joints:

These types of joints make the bone immoveable. For

example, the skull

Slightly moveable joints:

These types of joint allows the bones a restricted amount of

movement. For example the ribs

Freely moveable joints:

These joints are known as the synovial joints which I have

gone into depth over the previous page, these joints are

amongst the largest group of joints in the body. For

example, the knees, elbows and spinal column.


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Muscular skeletal system


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The three types of muscle

The human body has three types of muscles for spe-cific purposes.

For example, the first type of muscle is the cardiac

muscle, the Heart is the cardiac muscle which has

the purpose of pumping oxygenated blood the re-

quired muscles for exercise, also to remove the de-oxygenated blood from the body. The heart is con-

trolled by the automatic nervous system (ANS)

The Involuntary muscles has the purpose to help

maintain the function of the major organs in the body,

such as the heart and lungs. This type of muscle is

controlled by the ANS.

The ANS is a system that the brain automatically

sends electronic impulses to keep the muscles work-

ing. For example, we can go to sleep and the brain

will keep the lungs and heart working together while

the body rests.

Finally the Voluntary muscles, these are the mus-

cles that are commanded by the central nervous sys-

tems (CNS) these muscles are purely for the pur-

pose of movement.


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Cardio Vascular System


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Blood vessels

In the body there are 3 types of blood vessel:

The Capillaries: Have the purpose of allowing carbon diox-

ide and any other waste products of the body to pass

through into the blood system from our body tissues, this is

enabled because, the Capillaries are only one cell thick.

The Capillaries are tiny vessels that link the Arterioles and

the Venules.

The Veins: All Veins carry deoxygenated blood apart from

the Pulmonary Vein. Veins have a large passage way to al-

low the most blood flow around the body, due to these large

passageways blood pressure is low in the veins. Veins also

have vales which can lead to stopping the blood flowingback into the body.

The Arteries: All Arteries carry oxygenated blood away

from the Heart as the blood needs to get to the muscles

quickly when the body is moving quickly during exercise.

Blood pressure is high in Arteries that why blood exits the

body fast when the artery is obstructed.


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The Respiratory system


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How we breath

Inspiration (breathing in)

As the Diaphragm contracts, the Intercostals musclescontract and expand the Ribs which allows the

pressure to decrease and the Lungs to fill with oxy-

gen.

Expiration (breathing out)

The Diaphragm relaxes and moves up towards the

chest also intercostals muscles relax which increases

pressure on the lugs emptying them of carbon

dioxide.

How the air flows through our lungs?

As we breath in Oxygen, the gases flow through the Lar-

ynx at the top of the neck and into the Trachea.

As the Oxygen flows into the Lungs via the Bronchus/

Bronchi it then flow down into smaller areas of the lung

which are called Bronchioles.

Then the Oxygen will flow into the Alveoli, which allowsthe Oxygen to access the blood stream.

task 2 published

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