task 1 1a. prepare and implement a

8/14/2019 Task 1 1a. Prepare and Implement A

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Task 1

1a. Prepare and implement a plan for the collection of primary and secondary data

1b. Describe the survey methodology including sampling frame, sampling and collecting

method

Sampling

Sampling involves selecting a sample of items from a population. Sampling is one of the

most important subjects in quantitative methods. In most practical situations the

population will be too large to carry out a complete survey and only a sample will be

examined. A good example of this is a poll taken to try to predict the results of an

election. It is not possible to ask everyone of voting age how they are going to vote: it

would take too long and cost too much. So a sample of voters is taken, and the results

from the sample are used to estimate the voting intentions of the whole populations.

Occasionally a population is small enough that all of it can be examined: for example,

the examination results of one class of students. This type of survey is quite rare,

however, and usually the investigator has to choose some sort of sample.

Sampling frame

A sampling frame is a numbered list of all the items in the population.

If random sampling is used then it is necessary to construct a sampling frame. Once this

has been made, it is easy to select a random sample, simply by generating a list of

random numbers.

For instance, if you wanted to select a random sample of children from a school, it would

be useful to have a list of names:

0 J Absalam

1 R Brown

2 S Burrow

Now the numbers 0, 1, 2 and so on can be used to select the random sample. It is

normal to start the numbering at 0, so that when 0 appears in a list of random numbers it

can be used.

A sampling frame should have the following characteristics:

(a) Completeness. Are all members of the population included on the list?

(b)Accuracy. Is the information correct?


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(c)Adequacy. Does it cover the entire population?

(d) Up to dateness. Is the list up to date?

(e) Convenience. Is the sampling frame readily accessible?

(f) Non-duplication. Does each member of the population appear on the list only once?

Sampling frame consists of three kinds of sampling named random sampling, quasi-

sampling and non-random sampling.

Collecting method

There are several methods of obtaining sample data:

(a) Observation can be used as a means of obtaining sample data where

quantitative data is required. For example, if data is needed about the volume of

traffic passing along a road at a certain time of day, observers (either people or

recording equipment) can be placed so as to count the traffic as it passes by.

Observation can also be used to study consumer behavior, although this is

usually within a controlled experiment.

(b) Experimentation a range of techniques are used in experimentation. Customer

preferences may be determined by blind testing. At a higher level, different

marketing strategies may be test-marketed.

(c) The use of questionnaires provides a quick, cheap method of conducting a

survey but it suffers from several defects, which may lead to biased results.

The people completing the forms (respondents) may be unaware of the

requirements and place different interpretations on the questions. This

problem will be aggravated if the questions are badly phrased.

Large numbers of forms may not be returned or only returned partly

completed. This may well lead to biased results as the respondents who

reply are likely to be those most interested in the survey.

Respondents may give false or misleading information, if, for example,

they have forgotten material facts, desire to give a favorable impression

of their circumstances, or simply out of a sense of mischief.

Questionnaires can be used in a variety of ways as follows.

Telephone interviews

Personal interviews conducted by market researchers in the interviewees

home


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Postal survey

For self-completion, perhaps at the place of purchase

(d) Qualitative techniques a relatively expensive method, but one which may yield

more valid results, is to conduct unstructured individual or group interviews. The

lack of structure may make analysis difficult but the results may be more valid in

that they are not the result of the prompting of the structured interview.

(e) Consumer panels (test panels) some research firms have created consumer

panels consisting of a representative cross-section of consumers who have

agreed to give regular information about their attitudes or buying habits through

personal visits or mail questionnaires. Consumer panels with personal visits are

called home audit panels and panels which send data by post are called diary

panels. For example, a panel of households might keep a purchase diary of the

goods they have bought, and submit this diary regularly to the market research

company. Panels might be established for a long-term or short-term period.

(f) Trade audits or retail audits trade audits are carried out among panels of

wholesalers and retailers, and the term retail audits refers to panels of retailers

only. A research firm sends auditors to selected outlets at regular intervals to

count stock and deliveries, thus enabling an estimate of throughput to be made.

Changes in retail sales provide an early warning of problems the

manufacturer may soon have to expect in ex-factory sales.

They indicate long-term trends in the market place, thus providing

helpful information for strategic marketing planning.

In the shorter term, they may indicate the need for changes in

pricing policy, sales promotion or advertising, distribution policy, package

design or product design.

1c. Design a questionnaire

Task 2

Quarterly sales (in VND millions) of Binh Minh Company during the period 2003-2006

are reported for domestic and international markets as follows:

Year Quarter Domestic Export

2003 I 8.4 80.5


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2004

2005

2006

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

15.2

1.7

7.6

3

1.4

1.7

16.9

3.8

22

9.4

1.8

9.1

9.8

13.8

65.9

57.8

37.9

36.9

36.1

32.8

14.1

25.2

5.5

16.7

19

11.2

9

15.6

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Source: Company report

3a. Use suitable graphs to depict:

1. Trends of domestic and international markets during this period

The trend is the underlying long-term movement over time in the values of the data

recorded.There are three methods of finding a trend: inspection, regression analysis bythe least square methods and moving averages. In this case, we will use the regression

analysis by the least square method. This method provides a technique for estimating

the equation of a line of best fit.

Trend of domestic:

After calculating, the line of best fit is:Y= 7.034 + 0.096 * t ( See appendix to know how

to calculate). Replace t equals to 1-16 into the line of best fit above, we have the trend

as follow.

Time period Trend

1 7.13

2 7.226

3 7.322

4 7.418

5 7.5146 7.61


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7 7.706

8 7.8029 7.898

10 7.99411 8.09

12 8.18613 8.282

14 8.378

15 8.474

16 8.57

Based on the data above, we can draw a line graph as follow .

Domestic trend

6.000

6.500

7.000

7.500

8.000

8.500

9.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1

MillionsVND

As we can see, this is an upward trend. It means that the domestic sales increase

during period of time.

Trend of internal markets:

After calculating, the line of best fit is:Y= 65.42 4.27 * t ( See appendix to know how to

calculate). Replace t equals to 1-16 into the line of best fit above, we have the trend as

follow.

Time period Trend1 61.152 56.88

3 52.614 48.34

5 44.076 39.8

7 35.53


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8 31.26

9 26.9910 22.72

11 18.4512 14.18

13 9.9114 5.64

15 1.37

16 -2.9

Based on the tables above, the trends of international markets will be shown as below.

International market trend

-10.000

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1

MillionsVN

This graph shows a falling trend. That means the international market sales decrease

over period of time.

2. Average proportions of domestic and international markets during the period

studied

To represent average proportions of domestic and international markets during the

period studied, we will use the pie chart. A pie chart is appropriate when the data are in

nominal form and the frequency count, proportion or percentage for each class must be

shown. The total sales of domestic and international maket sales during the period of

time is shown in the table below.

Year Quarter Domestic Export

2003 1 8.400 80.500

2 15.200 65.900

3 1.700 57.800

4 7.600 37.900

Total sale in 2003 32.900 242.100

2004 1 3.000 36.900


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2 1.400 36.100

3 1.700 32.800

4 16.900 14.100

Total sales in 2004 23.000 119.900

2005 1 3.800 25.200

2 22.000 5.500

3 9.400 16.7004 1.800 19.000

Total sales in 2005 37.000 66.400

2006 1 9.100 11.200

2 9.800 9.000

3 15.600

4 13.800 1.800

Total sales in 2006 32.700 37.600

Total 125.600 894.400

From the data above, we will draw the two pie chart, one of which presents the average

proportions of domestic, the second one presents the average proportion of international

market over period of time.

Do mestic sal

32.900

23.00037.000

32.810

1 2 3 4

Export sale

242.100

119.900

66.400

37.600

1 2 3 4

3. Comparison of sales:

a. Same quarter in different years;

b. Same year in different quarter

4. Frequency distribution with equal class-interval of domestic market during the

period 2003-2006


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Task 3

Output (units) Number of employees

100-160 1

160-180 5

180-200 10200-220 35

220-240 55240-260 74

260-300 20Total 200

2a. Find the representative values and comment on the skewness of data distribution.

Based on these central measures, draw conclusions and write down a report on the

production of this company.

task 1 1a. prepare and implement a

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