87

88

(oxidation n m er)

( )

( )

( ) ( )

89

(oxidi ing agent oxidant)

( )

(red cing agent red ctant)

(Ⅱ)

90

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( ) [ ]

( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( )

91

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) [ ]

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) [ ( ) ]

( )

( ) ( )

( )× ( )× ⇒

( )

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) [ ]

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) [ ( ) ]

( )

92

( ern t)

x ed

x oxidi ing gen , oxid n

ed redu ing gen , redu n

ed]loge( )

x]

loge

oxid ion redu ion po en i l

nd rd oxid ion redu ion po en i l

mol ga con tant

mol Faraday con tant

[ ed]loge ( )

[ x]

[ x] [ ed]

( )

[ ]

[ ]

( ) [ ]

ologe ( )

[ ][ ]

ologe ( )

[ ]

[ ]ologe ( )

[ ]

ologe ( )

[ ][ ]

[ ]ologe ( )

[ ][ ]

[ ]ologe ( )

[ ][ ]

93

olo

( . ) ( . ) .

( . ) ( ) .

( . ) .

( . ) ( . ) .

( . ) ( )

( . ) ( . ) ( . ) .

( . ) ( . ) .

( )

( . ) ( . ) .

( . ) .

( . ) ( . ) ( . ) .

( . ) ( . ) ( . ) .

. . . . . .

. . . .

]Ce Ce loge( )

]

]Fe Fe loge( )

]

Ce Fe

] ]Ce loge( Fe loge(

] ]

] ]ex { ( Ce Fe ) }

] ]

94

[ ]Ce

oCe loge ( )

[ ]

[ ]Fe

oFe loge ( )

[ ]

Ce Fe

[ ] [ ]oCe loge( )

oFe loge ( )

[ ] [ ]

exp exp( )

[ ][ ]exp{ (

oCe

oFe ) }

[ ][ ]

oCe .

oFe .

[ ][ ]. ×

[ ][ ]

[ ][ ]. ×

[ ][ ]

. ol . ol

[ ] . × ol [ ] . × ol

oCe .

[ ]Ce

oCe loge ( )

[ ]

oSn .

[ ]Sn

oSn loge ( )

[ ]

Ce Sn

[ ] [ ]exp{ (

oCe

oSn ) }

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

. ×

95

[ ] [ ]. ×

[ ] [ ]

. ol . ol

[ ] . × ol [ ] . × ol [ ]

. × ol [ ] . × ol

. ol

oCu . Cu

oNi . Ni

Cu Ni [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

CuoCu loge ( ) Ni

oNi loge( ),

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]exp{ (

oCu

oNi )} . ×

[ ] [ ]

. ol . × ol

. ol

oAg .

oCu .

Ag Cu [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

1Ag

oAg loge ( ) Cu

oCu loge( )

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]exp{ (

oAg

oCu )} . ×

[ ] [ ]

. ol . × ol

96

. ol . ol

o

.

o

.

[ ]

[ ]

. × . ol . × ol

. ol .

. .

.

oFe .

oH2O2

.

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ]Fe

oFe loge ( ) H2O2

oH2O2

loge ( )[ ] [ ][ ]

[ ] exp{ (oH2O2

oFe )} . ×

[ ] [ ][ ]

. × ol . × ol

. ol . × ol

.

.

. .

o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

[ ] . × ol [ ] . ol [ ]

. ol [ ] . × ol [ ] . ol

[ ] . × ol [ ] . × ol [ ]

. ol [ ] . × ol [ ] . ol

97

. ol . ol ( ) .

oFe .

oSn .

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

( )

[ ] [ ]Fe

oFe loge ( ) Sn

oSn loge ( )

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]exp{ (

oFe

oSn )} . ×

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] . ol [ ] . ol

. ol . ol

. × ol . × ol

. ol

( ) . ( )

( )

o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

( ) [ ] . ol [ ] . × ol ( )

[ ] . × ol [ ] . ol ( ) [ ]

. × ol [ ] . ol ( ) [ ]

. ol [ ] . × ol

( )

. ol . ( )

( )

o

.

. ol o

.

. ol o

.

( ) [ ] . × ol [ ] . ol [ ]

. ol [ ] . × ol ( ) [ ]

. ol [ ] . × ol [ ] . × ol [ ]

. ol

98

( erroin)o

.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(oferroin . )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

[ ]γ

[ ] [ ]

γ . γ .

γ . γ .

γ . γ .

. ol ( ) [ ] . ol

[ l ] lo

.

. ol ( ) [ l ] . ol

[ ] o

.

. ol ( ) . ol ( )

o

.

. . ol . ol

o

.

. . ol

o

.

[ ]oferroin loge ( ) . . .

[ ]

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

. . .

( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . )

99

(di henyl en idine)o

.

(odpb . )

[ ]γ

[ ] [ ]

γ . γ .

γ . γ .

. ol ( ) [ ] . ol

[ ] o

.

[ ]odpb loge( ) . . ( . )

[ ]

(methylene l e)o

.

(oMB . ) .

[ ]γ

[ ] [ ]

γ . γ .

γ . γ .

. ol ( ) [ ( ) ] . ol

( ) [ ( ) ]

.

[ ( ) ] [ ( ) ]o

.

[ ]oMB loge ( ) . . ( . )

[ ][ ]

S

N

N N

CH3

H3C

CH3

CH3+

S

N

N N

CH3

H3C

CH3

CH3

HH+ e-

100

. ol ( ) . ol ( )

o

.

o

.

( )

( )

. . . . . . . . .

.

. ol . ol

o

.

o

.

( )

. . . . . . . .

. .

10 2 0 3 0 40 50

1. 6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

60

( )

( )

0.6

1.8

101

nd rdi ion

.

.

ol

. ol . .

.

.

.

( ) . × ol ( ) . × ol

( ) ( )

( ) . × ol ( ) . ol ( ) . ( . )

102

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

( )

. ( . ) .

.

( ) ( ) .

Chemical Oxygen Demand

ol ol

(Ⅰ)

( )

(Ⅱ) ( )

ol ol

ol . ol . ol

ol

ol

ol

ol ol

[ ol] × ×

103

[ ] . ×( )×

. × ( )× ×

.

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( ) . ol ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

iodometry

ol

104

. ( . ) .

. .

iodimetry

ol

. ( . ) .

. ( . )

. ol

. × ol

105

106

107