tar sands april 11, 2006 by: owen campbell, david reed, and nick zambardi global change 2, winter...
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![Page 1: Tar Sands April 11, 2006 By: Owen Campbell, David Reed, and Nick Zambardi Global Change 2, Winter 2006, Section 3 GSI: Sara Tourscher](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d595503460f94a39f53/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tar SandsTar Sands
April 11, 2006
By: Owen Campbell, David Reed, and Nick ZambardiGlobal Change 2, Winter 2006, Section 3 GSI: Sara Tourscher
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ThesisThesis
• Tar sands are a viable alternative to the problem that has resulted from the depletion of fossil fuels.
• There are, however, environmental problems.
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Canadian Geography 101Canadian Geography 101
http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/mapping/worldofmaps/images/map-canada.gif
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Canadian Geography 101Canadian Geography 101
Edmonton
Approximate Location of Tar Sands
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World Energy Production From OilWorld Energy Production From Oil
Legend
Energy Production From Oil
Energy production from oil
0 - 1198
1199 - 2983
2984 - 6501
6502 - 14881
14882 - 23238
23239 - 56440
(Measured in 1000 Metric Tons)
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What is tar sand?a combination of clay, sand, water and bitumen.
What is bitumen?• Bitumen is a high-
viscosity, semisolid form of oil that does not accumulate in wells like crude oil. Chemically, on average it is composed of 83.2% carbon, 10.4% hydrogen, 0.94% oxygen, 0.36% nitrogen and 4.8% sulfur
• It can be processed and refined to produce synthetic crude oil that can be used in the same manner as regular crude oil.
Tar sand refinery
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Why is everyone talking about tar Why is everyone talking about tar sands?sands?
• Currently, tar sands account for roughly 66% of the world’s proven oil reserves.
• Two largest reserves:– Alberta, Canada– Orinoco River, Venezuela
• With the remaining 33% of crude oil reserves dwindling…– Oil companies are looking to tar sands as a viable option
despite the economic and environmental costs of the extraction and refining processes.
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Process of ExtractionProcess of Extraction
• Surface Mining– Approximately 500 feet to surface
• In-situ• methods
– Below500 feet
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Syncrude mining area, Alberta, Canada
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Environmental Problems With Tar SandsEnvironmental Problems With Tar Sands
• Environmental costs to animals such as: Black Bears, Bison, Wolves
• Using today’s most advanced bitumen processing techniques – two tons of tar sand are required to produce one barrel of synthetic
crude oil.• approximately 80 kg of greenhouse gases• five barrels of toxic waste water
• These waste products are released into the environment with little regard for cleanup or the safety of the surrounding ecosystems.
• Man-made lakes from toxic waters• Deforestation
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The Economic Problem With Tar SandsThe Economic Problem With Tar Sands
• Currently, the economic cost of the production of oil from tar sand is extremely high. Synthetic crude made from tar sands costs $25 per barrel, compared to $5 per barrel for oil from the Middle East.
• However, as Middle Eastern oil prices continue to rise, tar sands are becoming an increasingly viable option.
• Lack of employees.
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ConclusionConclusion
• Despite the high environmental costs, the price and supply of Middle Eastern oil will cause tar sands to become a major source for the world’s oil.