taqleed and salafism

8/10/2019 Taqleed and Salafism

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TAQLEEDAND

SALAFISMRevised and Expanded

Jamiatul Ulama Gauteng

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Title: Taqleed and Salafism

Compiled by: Jamiah Maseehiyyah Ashrafiyyah

Editing:Jamiatul Ulama Gauteng

Edition: 2ndRamadhaan 143!Se"tem#er 2$

Publisher: Jamiatul Ulama Gauteng%&'& ()* 2+4

,e ,eur

1--4

S)uth Afri.a

/a*: 20 1+ $ 22-

mail: ulamathe5amiat&.)&6a

FOREWORD___________________________________________5

CHAPTER ONE: TAQLEED, IJTIHAAD AND THE

FUQAHA____________________________________________8

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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1. What is Taqleed?______________________________________8

2. The Taqleed of the Rejecters of Taqleed____________________9

3. Taqleed dri!" the Era of Rasoolllah #$allallah alaihi %a

salla&'________________________________________________1(

). Follo%i!" a *articlar +&a& or ,ath-ha________________12

5. Wh/ it is +!c&e!t to Follo% a *articlar +&a& or ,ath-ha

______________________________________________________1)

0. Wh/ o!fi!e Taqleed to the For ,ath-has?_____________1

. The Reaso! We Follo% the a!afi ,ath-ha______________18

8. The 4estio! of Taqleed ei!" *rohiited i! the 4r6aa!___18

9. The 7ccsatio! of the ,qallids Discardi!" 7hadeeth______2(

1(. The 7er&e!t :The 4r6aa! a!d adeeth are efore s. We

ca!; therefore; refer directl/ to the&.hr $alaah 7fter the $hado% of Ojects Eceeds their

Ori"i!al @e!"th________________________________________)3

2. The Feet i! 4i/aa&___________________________________)5

3. Rafa6 Aadai! O!l/ at the e"i!!i!"______________________)

). Foldi!" the a!ds elo% the Bael______________________)

5. $rah Faatihah $hold Bot e Recited / the ,qtadi______)

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0. Reciti!" 7a&ee! $oftl/________________________________)9

. The Wa/ to $it i! 4a6dah 7Cheerah______________________)9

8. $ajdah of a Fe&ale____________________________________51

9. D6aa after Fardh $alaah %ith Raised a!ds______________51

1(. Bo Bafl $alaah after 7sr Fardh________________________55

11. The *ractice of T%o RaCaats efore ,a"hri Fardh is Bot

$!!at or ,staha_____________________________________55

12. +sti%a alal 7rshWhere is 7llah Taala?________________50

13. Ta%asslWaseelah a!d $hirC__________________________01

A CON2ERSATION ON TAQLEED_____________________31

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FOREWORD

'n.e7 8a6rat (ahl))l 9Rahmatullahi alaih "assed #y an Aalim

;h) ;as quarrelling ;ith s)me)ne& 8a6rat (ahl))l 9Rahmatullahi

alaih .)mmented:

If this person [the Aalim] had marifat [real perception]of Allah he !ould not ha"e s#uandered his time by

#uarrelling !ith an ignoramus$%

ala and 8is (el)=ed Ras))l7 Muhammad9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam& ?n =ie; )f the e*tremely sh)rt stay

in this tem")rary a#)de7 "e)"le ;h) ha=e .)me t) reali6e the

"ur")se )f their .reati)n are .)ntinu)usly in "ursuit )f "r)*imity

unt) Allah Ta>ala& They shun idle tal@ and idle "astimes& As mu.h

as an Aalim ;h) has marifat)f Allah Ta>ala detests #eing dra;n

int) argumentati)n7 as he rather "refers ;)rshi" )f his True(el)=ed7 Allah Su#haanahu ;a Ta>ala7 .ir.umstan.es h);e=er

ne.essitate that he .)mes t) the defen.e )f the &een'e'(a#

against the fa#ri.ati)ns and falsities )f the "e)"le )f falseh))d&

Am)ng the "e)"le )f falseh))d in these times are the m)dernist

Salafi Se.t ;hi.h has n)thing t) d) in life )ther than t) .astigatethe Mathha#s )f 8aq and =ilify the f)ll);ers )f the )athaahib

9"lural )f Mathha#& They ha=e set their ;hims and fan.ies as


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their ?mams and ha=e left n) st)ne unturned in their endea=)ur t);aylay the ?maan )f un;ary and inn).ent f)ll);ers )f the 8anafi

Mathha# in "arti.ular7 and )ther Mathha#s in general& ?n fa.t7

the m)dernist Salafi S.h)lars ;ith their shall); understanding )fthe ur>aan and Sunnah and their rigid Taqleed )f the d).trine )f

?#n Taimiyyah are .urrently engaged in an all )ut eff)rt t) r)#

"e)"le )f their "ra.ti.e )f the ur>aan and 8adeeth in the#eautiful and m)st ela#)rate ;ay )utlined in the )athaahib'e'

Arbaahthe 8anafi7 Shaafi>i7 Maali@i and 8am#ali S.h))ls )f

Th)ught& ?t has thus #e.)me )#ligat)ry u")n the Ulamae8aq t)

e*")se the baatil )f these "eddlers )f a#and)nment )f Taqleed&

?gn)ran.e and arr)gan.e ha=e #e.)me ma5)r hurdles f)r the antiTaqleed "r)tag)nists& ?n .)nsequen.e7 they refuse t) a#and)n

their )#lique understanding )f the Shariah and rather a..e"t the

Shariah as underst))d and "ra.tised #y the f)ur S.h))ls )f /iqh

)=er the "ast f)urteen .enturies )f ?slam>s e*isten.e& This treatise

is7 theref)re7 n)t dire.ted t) the =)taries )f a#and)nment )f

Taqleed& ?t is f)r the safety and strength )f th)se ;h) ha=e this;)nderful "ath )f Taqleed t) f)ll);&

This treatise is7 f)r the ma5)r "art7 a .)ndensati)n )f a lengthy

treatise )n the su#5e.t )f Taqleed and ?5tihaad ;ritten #y the

=enera#le )u*addid+ )f his time7 8a6rat 8a@eemul Ummat

M)ulana Ashraf Ali Than;i 9Rahmatullahi alaih& 8a6ratM)ulana Than;i 9Rahmatullahi alaih entitled his treatise Al'

I#tisaad fit Ta#leedi !al I*tihaad$?n =ie; )f this .)m"ilati)n andtranslati)n #eing in "rin.i"le a .)ndensati)n )f 8a6rat M)ulana

Than;i>s treatise7 ;e ha=e )mitted the referen.es t) the "age

num#ers fr)m the )riginal ;)r@& A"art fr)m the ;)r@ )f 8a6rat

M)ulana Than;i 9Rahmatullahi alaih7 qu)tati)ns ha=e als) #een

1?t is re")rted in a 8adeeth )f A#u ,a;))d 9A!!alu ,itaabil )alaahim that

Allah Ta>ala ;ill .ertainly7 at the turn )f e=ery .entury7 raise f)r the u"liftement

)f this Ummah a "ers)n ;h) ;ill re=i=e)u*addidthe 9Tea.hings )f the,een&

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in.luded fr)m )ther relia#le and auth)ritati=e ;)r@s& Thereferen.es )f these ;)r@s ha=e #een "r)=ided in the f))tn)tes&

This treatise is alm)st a "ure na#l7 i&e& it .)nsists )f alm)st )nlyqu)tati)ns7 e*tra.ts and e*.er"ts& Be ha=e minimi6ed the usage

)f )ur );n ;)rds& The reas)n f)r this is t;)f)ld& /irstly7 ;hat ;e

ha=e .)m"iled here is n)t )ur "ers)nal )"ini)n& ?t is the =ie; )fthe Auth)rities )f ,een& Se.)ndly7 the statements )f )ur elders

and seni)r Ulama )#=iate the need f)r )ur .)mments&

C)nsidering their ?lm and Taq;a7 their understanding and

.)mmentary )f the Tea.hings )f the Shariah far )ut;eigh

;hate=er ;e .an "r)du.e& And7 after all7 ;e are )nly mu#allideen&

Alth)ugh ;e ha=e relied )nly )n qu)tati)ns7 ;e ha=e h);e=er7

amended s)me te*ts t) fa.ilitate .)m"rehensi)n and!)r f)r

#re=ity&

Ditaa#s and #))@s )n the su#5e.t )f Taqleed are numer)us& This

treatise7 h);e=er7 is intended t) ser=e as a te*t#))@ )n the su#5e.t)f Taqleed& ?t is )nly thr)ugh edu.ating )ursel=es in the rudiments

)f this Shar>i requirement that ;e .an th;art the mena.e )f

Salafism& And Allah Ta>ala is the Gi=er )f T);feeq and 8e is the

(est Aid&

BasSalaamJamiah Maseehiyyah Ashrafiyyah

+th

Ramadhaanul Mu#aara@ 142-!1-th

Se"tem#er 20

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CHAPTER ONE: TAQLEED, IJTIHAAD AND THEFUQAHA

1. What is Taqleed

1&1 Ta#leed meanst) a..e"t s)me)ne>s statement sim"ly )n the

#asis )f a fa=)ura#le )"ini)n a#)ut him7 that is7 he s"ea@s )n the#asis )f "r))f and hen.e there is n) need t) questi)n him a#)uthis "r))f&

1&2 The ob*ect of Ta#leed is t) "ra.tise )n the ur>aan and

8adeeth ;ith ease&

1&3 The re5e.ters )f Taqleed ;h)se standard is held "re.ari)usly

in these times #y the se.t styling itself -alafiyyoon)r -alafiyyahins)lently du# Taqleed E#lindf)ll);ing>&

E(lind> #ears the f)ll);ing .)nn)tati)ns:2

;ith)ut f)resight7 dis.ernment7 intelle.tual "er.e"ti)n7 )r

adequate inf)rmati)n

n)t g)=erned #y "ur")se )r reas)n

re.@less

The =ery nature )f Taqleed demands dis.ernment7 intelle.tual

"er.e"ti)n and adequate inf)rmati)n as a fa=)ura#le )"ini)n )f an

?mam #eing qualified in the field )f -hari .loom 9?slami.S.ien.es and thus #eing ;)rthy )f #eing f)ll);ed is de"endent

)n these fa.t)rs& Taqleed7 theref)re7 .an ne=er #e #lindf)ll);ing

in this sense&

2Reader>s ,igest '*f)rd C)m"lete B)rdfinder

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The )#5e.t and "ur")se )f Taqleed ha=e #een .larified in 1&2&

Thus the a..usati)n )f Taqleed #eing E#lindf)ll);ing> in the

sense )f En)t g)=erned #y "ur")se )r reas)n> is "al"a#ly false&

Bhen the muqallid )r "ers)n ma@ing Taqleed f)ll);s an ?mam )r

Mathha# he understands the ?mam and Mathha# t) #e atrust;)rthy guide and the safest .)urse t) )#edien.e t) the

.)mmandments )f Allah Ta>ala and the tea.hings )r Sunnah )f

Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam& 8e 9the muqallid

understands his la.@ )f .)m"eten.y in understanding the ur>aan

and 8adeeth& /)r him t) res)rt t) a selfstudy )f the ur>aan and8adeeth and there#y f)rm his );n )"ini)n is a@in t) #arteringa;ay his ?maan& 8e thus )"ts f)r the safest and surest "ath t) the

)#edien.e and "leasure )f Allah and 8is Ras))l 9Sallallahu alaihi

;a sallam7 and that is in Taqleed& ?s this #eing re.@lessF ?s this

#lindf)ll);ingF May Allah Ta>ala sa=e us fr)m the de.e"ti)n )f

Shaitaan and the e=il s.hemes )f the nafs7 Aameen&

Bhen n)ne )f the .)nn)tati)ns )f E#lind> ")rtray true Taqleed7 the

usage )f this ;)rd in relati)n t) Taqleed )f the Mathha#s is

theref)re .rass ign)ran.e )r mali.i)us )#stina.y& May Allah

Ta>ala sa=e us fr)m the e=ils )f the t)ngue and nafs&

!. The Taqleed "# the Re$e%te&s "# Taqleed

2&1 ?n s) far as the re5e.ters )f Taqleed are .)n.erned7 it sh)uld

#e underst))d that a..)rding t) their =ery );n "rin.i"le )f

Taqleed #eing haraamH it is n)t ")ssi#le at all f)r them t) "ra.tise

)n the 8adeeth& The reas)n f)r this is that "ra.tising )n the

8adeeth is )nly ")ssi#le thr)ugh Taqleed )f the Ulama in the

matter )f the 8adeeth #eing -aheeh7 &haeef7 /aa*ibul Amal7

)ustahab )r im"ermissi#le& And this7 as is )#=i)us7 is stri.t

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Taqleed in the Ah0aamaa6 "urely )n the #asis )f his 8a6rat

Mu>aa6>sH ,eeni integrity& This is Taqleed&

3a;aa>id /ee Ul))mil 8adeeth7 ""&2-1!2

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Then7 there is n) e=iden.e )f a#i 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam

disagreeing ;ith the fat!a and the im"lementati)n )f the fat!a

;hi.h trans"ired in his Ras))lullah>sH lifetime& )r f)r thatmatter is any differen.e )r re5e.ti)n re.)rded& Thus7 "ermissi#ility

)f Taqleed and its )"en and free"ra.ti.e ;ith)ut re#u@e in the

lifetime )f Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam isesta#lished&

3&2 ?t is re")rted fr)m Sulaiman (in Kasaar that A#u Ayy))#

Ansaari 9Radhiyallahu anhu ;ent f)r 8a5& 'n the ;ay t) Ma@@ah

he l)st his .amels& 'n K);mun ahr the 1 th)f Thul 8i55ahH;hen 8a5 ;as )=er he .ame t) Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu andrelated his st)ry& Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu said: &o !hat a

person performing .mrah does and you !ill be released from

your ihraam$ Then !ait for the (a* season ne5t year and perform

(a*$ 6or no! ma0e #urbaani and slaughter !hate"er you are by

the means of$%Maali@

/r)m this 8adeeth ;e learn that th)se Sahaa#ah ;h) .)uld n)t

ma@e i*tihaadi&e& as.ertain the ruling )f a masalah dire.tly fr)m

the ur>aan )r 8adeethH7 they ;)uld ma@e Taqleed )f the

)u*tahideen Sahaa#ah& 8a6rat A#u Ayy))# Ansaari

9Radhiyallahu anhu ;as als) a Sahaa#i and he did n)t as@ 8a6rat

Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu f)r any "r))f f)r hisfat!a&

3&3 "is)des )f this nature am)ng the Sahaa#ah7 and e=enduring the #lessed era )f Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam

re")rts )f istiftaas questi)nsH andfat!as;ith)ut referen.es and

"r))fs am)ng the Sahaa#ah )r am)ng the Taa#i>een and Sahaa#ah

ha=e #een d).umented ;ith su.h a#undan.e that it is an a;es)metas@ t) .)m"ile all& Th)se =ersed in 8adeeth literature are ;ell

a;are )f this&

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0. F"ll"-i)* a Pa&ti%(la& Ia "& ath2ha3

4&1 ?t is re")rted fr)m 8a6rat 8udhaifah 9Radhiyallahu anhu

that Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam said: I do not

0no! ho! long I !ill be !ith you people$ Therefore follo! these

t!o !ho !ill be after me&%a#i 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam

indi.ated t) 8a6rat A#u (a@r and 8a6rat Umar 9Radhiyallahuanhuma&Tirmithi

The "ur")rt )f !ho !ill be after me% is: during their reign )f

Dhilaafat& Thus7 the .)mmand is t) f)ll); them during their

res"e.ti=e terms )f Dhilaafat& And7 )#=i)usly7 the Dhaleefah is a

single "ers)n& The .)n.lusi)n thus is t) f)ll); 8a6rat A#u (a@r9Radhiyallahu anhu during his Dhilaafat and 8a6rat Umar

9Radhiyallahu anhu during his Dhilaafat&

Thus7 a#i 9Sallallahu alaih ;a sallam instru.ted that )ne

"arti.ular "ers)n sh)uld #e f)ll);ed f)r a s"e.ifi. time& And

n);here did he state that "r))f f)r the Ah0aam sh)uld als) #eenquired& )r ;as it a standard "ra.ti.e )f as.ertaining the "r))f

f)r ea.h and e=ery masalah& This is n)thing #ut f)ll);ing a

"arti.ular ?mam )r Mathha#&

4&2 ?t is re")rted fr)m As;ad (in Ka6eed ;h) says: )uaa123adhiyallahu anhu4 came to us to teach the Ah0aam of the &een

and to ser"e as go"ernor$ /e as0ed him the mas'alah of adeceased lea"ing behind a daughter and sister$ (a1rat )uaa1

23adhiyallahu anhu4 declared half [the estate of the deceased]

for the daughter and half for the sister$ This !as in the lifetime of

3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4$%(u@hari and A#u

,a;))d

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Just as Taqleed #eing Sunnat is "r)=en fr)m this 8adeeth7 as

menti)ned in its a""r)"riate "la.e see 3&1H7 similarly this

8adeeth .)nfirms Taqleed )f an ?mam )r Mathha#& The reas)nf)r this is that ;hen a#i 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam sent 8a6rat

Mu>aa6 9Radhiyallahu anhu t) Kemen t) tea.h the Ah@aam )f the

,een he m)st assuredly ga=e "ermissi)n t) the "e)"le )f Kement) refer t) him 8a6rat Mu>aa6H in all their affairs& This is Taqleed

)f an ?mam&

4&3 ?t is re")rted fr)m 8a6rat 8uthail (in Shurah#il that a

questi)n ;as ")sed t) 8a6rat A#u M))sa 9Radhiyallahu anhu&Then the same questi)n ;as ")sed t) 8a6rat ?#n Mas>))d9Radhiyallahu anhu and he ;as furtherm)re inf)rmed )f the

fat;a )f 8a6rat A#u M))sa 9Radhiyallahu anhu& 8a6rat ?#n

Mas>))d ga=e an)ther ruling& This ;as #r)ught t) the n)ti.e )f

8a6rat A#u M))sa& U")n listening t) 8a6rat ?#n Mas>))d>s

ans;er7 he said: As long as this 78cean of ,no!ledge is in your

midst do not refer to me$%(u@hari7 A#u ,a;))d and Tirmithi

Any "ers)n .an understand fr)m the ;)rds )f 8a6rat A#u M))sa:

As long as he is in your midst do not refer to me% that he

instru.ted them t) ta@e all their questi)ns t) him 8a6rat ?#n

Mas>))d Radhiyallahu anhuH& And this is Taqleed )f an ?mam7

that is7 t) refer all )ne>s questi)ns7 due t) s)me determinant7 t))ne Aalim and a.t a..)rding t) hisfat!a&

4. Wh5 it is I)%(3e)t t" F"ll"- a Pa&ti%(la& Ia "&ath2ha3

&1 ?t sh)uld #e #)rne in mind that the in.um#en.y )f s)mething

in the ShariatH is esta#lished in any )f the f)ll);ing ;ays:

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The ur>aan )r 8adeeth dire.ts s"e.ial em"hasis t) s)me a.t7

e&g& Salaah7 S);m7 et.& Su.h in.um#en.y is termed !u*oob

bi1 1aat$

The a.t itself has n)t #een em"hasi6edI h);e=er7 "ra.ti.ally itis n)t ")ssi#le t) .arry )ut th)se a.ts ;hi.h ha=e #eenem"hasi6ed in the ur>aan and 8adeeth ;ith)ut res)rting t)

this a.t& ?n this .ase7 this a.t ;ill als) #e .)nsidered ne.essary&

This is the "ur")rt )f the Ulama>s ;)rds:The foundation of

a /aa*ib is also /aa*ib$%Ta@e as an e*am"le the ;riting and

"rinting )f the ur>aan and 8adeeth literature& );here in

the Shariah is this em"hasi6ed& ?n fa.t7 the f)ll);ing 8adeeth

.learly e=in.es the n)n.)m"ulsi)n )f ;riting& ?t is re")rtedfr)m 8a6rat ?#n Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu that the Ras))l )f

Allah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam said: /e are an .mmi

9ation$ /e neither !rite nor calculate$%(u@hari and

Muslim

The 8adeeth .learly indi.ates its "ur")rt& );7 ;hen ;riting in

general is n)t ;aa5i#7 then h); .an ;riting s)mething in"arti.ular #e ;aa5i#F

8);e=er7 the "reser=ati)n )f the ur>aan and 8adeeth has #een

em"hasi6ed& And7 it is "r)=en thr)ugh e*"erien.e and )#ser=ati)nthat it is n)t "ra.ti.ally ")ssi#le t) "reser=e the ur>aan and

8adeeth ;ith)ut res)rting t) ;riting and "rinting& Theref)re7 the

;riting and "rinting )f the ur>aan and 8adeeth are regarded t)

#e ne.essary& A..)rdingly7 there is an im"lied .)nsensus )f theentire Ummah f)r the "ast 14 .enturies )n its in.um#en.y in this

;ay& Su.h an in.um#en.y is termed !u*oob bil ghair$

After understanding the ty"es )f !u*oob and their nature7 n);

understand that ;hen it is said that the Taqleed )f a "arti.ular

?mam )r Mathha# is ;aa5i#7 then it means !u*oob bil ghair7 n)t

!u*oob bi1 1aat& Thus7 there is n) need t) "r)du.e an Aayat )r

8adeeth ;hi.h em"hasi6es this ty"e )f Taqleed in name7 5ust as a

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demand )f an Aayat )r 8adeeth is n)t made f)r "r))f )f thein.um#en.y )f ;riting and "rinting the ur>aan and 8adeeth

literature& ,es"ite the unam#igu)us a=erment )f the

af)rementi)ned 8adeeth that ;riting is n)t in.um#ent7 it hasne=ertheless #een .)nsidered ;aa5i#& /urther7 this is n)t =ie;ed

as a .)nfli.t ;ith the 8adeeth& ?n the same ;ay7 there is n) need

t) "r)du.e any ass e*"li.it ur>aani. )r 8adeeth te*tH t) sh);the ;u5))# )f Taqleed )f an ?mam )r Mathha#&

Kes7 there is a need t) "r)=e t;) "remises7 =i6&:

Bhat the disad=antages in the "re=ailing .ir.umstan.es )f n)t

f)ll); a "arti.ular ?mam )r Mathha# areF The !u*oob)f th)se fa.t)rs

The f)ll);ing in5un.ti)ns )f the Shariah ;ill #e ad=ersely

affe.ted in the a#sen.e )f Taqleed )f a Mathha#:

1& Sin.erity in niyyat7 namely7 the m)ti=e )f IlmandAmalis )nlythe ,een

2& The ,een #eing the determinant3& A#stenti)n fr)m a.ts ;hi.h are harmful t) )ne>s ,een

4&A#stenti)n fr)m )"")sing theI*ma)r C)nsensus )f the Ahle

8aq

& A#stenti)n fr)m transgressing the "erimeters )f the


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/)r instan.e7 a "ers)n made ;udhu& Thereafter he .ut himself and

#l))d fl);ed rendering the ;udhu in=alid a..)rding t) ?mam

A#u 8aneefah 9Rahmatullahi alaih& This "ers)n says: L? ad)"tthefat!a )f ?mam Shaafi>i ;h) d)es n)t =ie; ;udhu #rea@ing

thr)ugh the fl);ing )f #l))d fr)m a .ut& After this he t)u.hes a

;)man ;ith "assi)n ;hi.h a..)rding t) ?mam Shaafi>i9Rahmatullahi Alaih nullifies the ;udhu& 8);e=er7 he uses the

fat!a)f ?mam A#u 8aneefah )f ;udhu n)t #rea@ing in this .ase

and ;ith)ut rene;ing his ;udhu he "erf)rms Salaat& ?n =ie; )f

his ;udhu #e.)ming null #y C)nsensus7 regardless )f the

differen.e in the nullifying fa.t)r7 his Salaat is in=alid 9#aatila..)rding t) all the Aimmah& This "ers)n has thus "er"etratedthe a.t )f flirting ;ith the mathha#s in "ursuan.e )f his nafsaani

agenda and #rea@ing theI*ma)f the Shariah& The .)nsequen.e )f

;hi.h is that ;hilst he la#)urs under the mis.)n.e"ti)n )f his

Salaat #eing in )rder7 in a.tual fa.t his Salaat is baatil&H

And the reas)n f)r this .)rru"ti)n ensuing in the ;a@e )f fleeingfr)m TaqleedH is that in these times .)rru"ti)n and #ase m)ti=es

ha=e settled in the dis")siti)n )f m)st "e)"le& This is )#=i)us and

it has #een "r)"hesised in the Ahadeeth )n6itnahtrials7 mis.hief

and e=il timesH& Th)se =ersed inIlmand 8adeeth are fully a;are

)f this&

6. Wh5 C")#i)e Taqleed t" the F"(& ath2ha3s

+&1 %re=i)usly it ;as "r)=en that Taqleed )f a "arti.ular ?mam is

ne.essary& /urtherm)re7 sele.ting =ie;s fr)m different ?mams is

fraught ;ith harm& Thus7 it is im"erati=e t) ma@e Taqleed )f an

?mam ;h)se Mathha# has #een .)m"iled and .)dified ;ith su.h

"rin.i"les and "arti.ulars )n the #asis )f ;hi.h s)luti)ns t)

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alm)st all questi)ns are a=aila#le& ?n this ;ay there remains n)need t) refer t) )ther =ie;s&

(y ,i=ine ?nter=enti)n this attri#ute is f)und )nly in the /)urMathha#s 8anafi7 Shaafi>i7 Maali@i and 8am#aliH& ) )ther

Mathha# en5)ys this status& Thus7 it is im"erati=e t) ad)"t )ne )f

these f)ur Mathha#s7 as )"ting f)r a fifth Mathha# ;ill result inthe same "r)#lem and dis.re"an.y )f flirting ;ith the Mathha#s

in fulfilment )f the nafs> desire t) remain unfettered fr)m the

Shariat& The .)rru"ti)n )f this has #een .larified earlier&

This is the reas)n f)r .)nfining Taqleed t) these /)ur Mathha#sand hen.e f)r .enturies this has #een the standard "ra.ti.e )f theumhoor Ulama )f the Ummat& S)me Ulama ha=e e=en re.)rded

I*ma that the Ahlus -unnah !al amaah is .)nfined t) these

/)ur Mathha#s&

+&2 /)r Taqleed it is ne.essary that the Mu5tahid>s Mathha# #e

.)m"iled& Taqleed )f the illustri)us Sahaa#ah is diffi.ult7 #e.ausen)ne )f their Mathha#s are fully .)m"iled and .)dified&

8);e=er7 thr)ugh the medium )f Taqleed )f the Aimma'e'

Arbaahthe /)ur ?mamsH7 ;e f)ll); the Sahaa#ah&

7. The Reas") We F"ll"- the Ha)a#i ath2ha3

0&1 Be reside in a "la.e ;here the Mathha# )f ?mam A#u8aneefah 9Rahmatullahi alaih is "re=alent ;ith)ut anyendea=)ur )n )ur "art& Ulama and Ditaa#s )n this Mathha# are t)

#e f)und in a#undan.e& 8ad ;e ad)"ted an)ther Mathha# it

;)uld ha=e #een diffi.ult f)r us t) as.ertain the la;s a""li.a#le t)

daily .ir.umstan.es& This is due t) the fa.t that the Ulama d) n)t

")ssess that insight and dee" understanding )f an)ther Mathha#

as they ")ssess in their );n Mathha#& ?n =ie; )f their

engr)ssment in the study and tea.hing )f their );n Mathha#7

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they .ann)t a.hie=e the same degree )f e*"ertise in an)ther Mathha# as they en5)y ;ith their );n Mathha#7 alth)ugh study )f the

Ditaa#s )f an)ther Mathha# is ")ssi#le& This ")int is selfe=ident

and )#=i)us t) theAhl'e'Ilm$

0&2 The determinants in ad)"ting a Mathha# f)r th)se ;h)

em#ra.e ?slam )r f)r th)se ;h)7 after ha=ing "l)dded the "ath )fSalafism and de=iati)n7 are guided #y Allah Ta>ala t) the %ath )f

Taqleed and the Sunnah7 are:

"resen.e )f relia#le and e*"ert Ulama ;ith ;h)m )ne .an

.)mmuni.ate and refer t) f)r )ne>s daily&eeni )asaail7 and

a=aila#ility )f adequate literature )n the Mathha#&

8. The Q(esti") "# Taqleed 9ei)* P&"hi3ited i) theQ(&aa)

-&1 4estio!: The ur>aan .ensures Taqleed in this Aayat:

/hen it is said to the 0uffaar: 76ollo! the la!s !hich AllahTaala has re"ealed then they ans!er: 79o; In fact !e !ill

follo! the path of our forefathers$ 2&ismissing their responseAllah Taala declares4: /hat; /ill they 0eep to the path of their

forefathers regardless of their forefathers lac0ing understanding

of &een and them being astrays "rede.ess)rs

;hen ;e ha=e the ur>aan and 8adeeth&

Similarly7 it is stated in an)ther Aayat that ;hen y)u ha=e a

dis"ute7 then refer the matter t) Allah and 8is Ras))l& /r)m this

;e .an understand that ;e sh)uld n)t refer t) an ?mam )r

Mu5tahid&

ResGo!seThe mere translati)n )f the f)rmer Aayat re=eals that

the Taqleed )f the @uffaar has n) affinity ;ith the Taqleed under

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dis.ussi)n& The Taqleed )f the @uffaar has #een den)un.ed f)rt;) reas)ns&

The first is that they ;)uld re5e.t the Aayaat and Ah@aam saying:/e do not accept it$ /e !ould rather prefer to follo! our

elders$%

Se.)ndly7 their elders la.@ed intelligen.e in the ,een and they

la.@ed guidan.e&

These t;) are n)ne*istent in the Taqleed ;e are dis.ussing&

either d)es any muqallid say that he re5e.ts the Aayaat andAhadeeth& ?n fa.t7 he the muqallidH says: 8ur &een is the=uraan and (adeeth$ (o!e"er I am ignorant% or I lac0

0no!ledge% or I am totally incompetent in the field of i*tihaad

and istimbaat$ I do ho!e"er ha"e a fa"ourable opinion and faith

in a certain Aalim%or Imam$ (e !as thoroughly "ersed in the

!ords and meanings of the Aayaat and Ahadeeth$ Thus I

consider the purport !hich he understood [from the =uraan and(adeeth] to be correct and the stronger "ie!$ Therefore I am

acting on the (adeeth albeit in accordance !ith his guidance$%

?n sh)rt7 n) muqallid re5e.ts the ur>aan and 8adeeth& And the

?mam ;h)m he f)ll);s did n)t la.@ @n);ledge and guidan.e7 as

is "r)=en thr)ugh relia#le transmissi)n fr)m generati)n t)generati)n 9ta!aatur that they ")ssessed intelligen.e and

guidan.e&

Thus7 in =ie; )f #)th reas)ns f)r the denun.iati)n )f the Taqleed

)f the @uffaarH #eing n)ne*istent here7 this Taqleed )f the Math

ha#sH is #ey)nd the am#it )f the ur>aani. .ensure&

And h); .an Taqleed )f the Mathha#sH )n the ;h)le #e the

"ur")rt )f the AayatF 'ther;ise7 the Aayat ;ill #e in .lear

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.)ntradi.ti)n t) all th)se Ahadeeth ;hi.h esta#lish the =alidity )fTaqleed&

;. The A%%(sati") "# the (qallids Dis%a&di)*Ahadeeth

$&1 Just as it is "ermissi#le t) dedu.e a la; thr)ugh i5tihaad7

similarly7 it is als) "ermissi#le t) regard a 8adeeth t) #e su#5e.t

t) rati)nale and a.t in a..)rdan.e ;ith the rati)nale& This entailss"e.ifying the s"here )f the Ah0aam )r "la.ing it )n )ne )f

se=eral ")ssi#ilities )r restri.ting a general rule )r a.ting )n theinner meaning rather than the e*ternal meaning& This is n)t in

.)nfli.t ;ith the 8adeeth n)r d)es it am)unt t) dis.arding )f the

8adeeth& Theref)re7 su.h an i5tihaad is "ermissi#le and

furtherm)re Taqleed )f su.h an i*tihaad is als) "erfe.tly"ermissi#le&

$&2 ?n (u@hari it is re")rted fr)m ?#n Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu

that Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam said t) the

Sahaa#ah after the (attle )f Ah6aa#: 9one of you shall read Asr

-alaah before reaching the >ani =uraithah$% Asr time .ame;hilst s)me Sahaa#ah ;ere still )n the ;ay& They ;ere s"lit )n

;hat t) d)& S)me said: L)7 ;e are g)ing t) read )ur Salaah& That

;as n)t the "ur")rt )f Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam&

8is "ur")rt7 rather7 ;as t) em"hasi6e s"eed and haste in

rea.hing there #ef)re Asr&This in.ident ;as #r)ught t)Ras))lullah>s n)ti.e& 8e did n)t re"rimand )r mete )ut"unishment t) any)ne&

?n the a#)=e e"is)de s)me underst))d the a.tual "ur")rt #y =irtue

)f #u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyah ");er )f i5tihaadH& The "ur")rt they

underst))d ;as )ne )f the t;) ")ssi#ilities and they "erf)rmed

the Salaat& Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam did n)t

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22/72

/e [the Ahnaaf] say that he [3asoolullah -allallahu alaihi!a sallam] did it on one occasion and omitted it on another

occasion$ It therefore is not sunnat$%A;;alain

Thus7 )n.e the .)rre.t "ur")rt surfa.es the questi)n )f )"")siti)n

is dis"elled&

Similar is the .ase ;hen the daleel remains )#s.ure& /)r instan.e7

=arying Ahadeeth are re")rted in regard t) )ne masalah& ); #y

merely l))@ing at )ne )f the 8adeeths it ;ill #e in.)rre.t t) a=er

that a Mu5tahid has )"")sed the 8adeeth& The Mu5tahid hasdra;n a ruling f)r the )ther 8adeeth and he "resents a =alidinter"retati)n f)r this )ne& An e*am"le )f this is the masalah )f

=iraatul 6aatihah 0halfal ImamRe.iting Surah /aatihah #ehind

the ?mamH& The Ahadeeth in this regard differ&

'r a single 8adeeth h)lds s.)"e f)r se=eral =arying ")ssi#ilities&

The Mu5tahid understands a .ertain ")ssi#ility )n the #asis )f his#u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyah t) #e str)nger& 8e thus ma@es an

inferen.e& This t)) is n)t in .)nfli.t ;ith the 8adeeth& An

e*am"le )f this is that it a""ears in the 8adeeth that if a "ers)n

"asses in fr)nt )f y)u ;hilst y)u are reading Salaah then y)u

sh)uld ;ard him )ff& The )ne ")ssi#ility is that the literal

meaning a""lies& The )ther ")ssi#ility ta@ing int) a..)unt )ther"rin.i"les and rules is that this 8adeeth is #y ;ay )f a ;arning

and a deterrent f)r "assing in fr)nt )f a Musalli& ?f a Mu5tahidta@es the se.)nd ")ssi#ility then it .ann)t #e a=erred that he has

dis.arded the 8adeeth& ?n fa.t7 his "ra.ti.e is "re.isely in

a..)rdan.e ;ith the 8adeeth&

And similarly7 if the "r).edure )f inferen.e is )#s.ure7 then t))

the 5udgement )f .)nfli.t ;ill #e err)ne)us& /)r instan.e7 ?mam

A#u 8aneefah 9Rahmatullahi alaih states that the "eri)d )f

#reastfeeding e*tends t) 2N years& The daleel7 i&e& the Aayat: Its

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carrying and !eaning@% is ;ell@n);n& 8);e=er7 the ")"ulare*"lanati)n )f the inferen.e is e*.e"ti)nally faulty& ?n)adaari07

h);e=er7 the tafseer)f hamluhu% its .arryingH is re")rted fr)m

?mam A#u 8aneefah as bil a0uf%;ith handsH& (y =irtue )f thistafseer7 all )#5e.ti)ns are dis"elled& ?n this .ase7 the Aayat means:

After #irth7 the ma*imum "eri)d )f the #a#y #eing .arried ar)und

in arms and its ;eaning is 3 m)nths& There is n) "r)#lem in thistafseer and the =ie; )f ?mam A#u 8aneefah is easily

su#stantiated&

?n .)n.lusi)n7 5udging a masalah t) #e in .)nfli.t ;ith the

8adeeth is the "rer)gati=e )f su.h a "ers)n ;h) is th)r)ughly=ersed in the Traditi)ns and he ")ssesses @een insight and str)ngintelle.tual "er.e"ti)n& 'ne ;h) ")ssesses )ne attri#ute and la.@s

the )ther is n)t .)m"etent t) "r).laim a masalah t) #e in

=i)lati)n )f the 8adeeth&

?t is "r)=en in the 8adeeth refer t) 1&3H that merely #eing a

(afi1 )f the 8adeeth d)es n)t qualify )ne t) #e a Mu5tahid& Anyun#iased reader .an understand fr)m this that ;hen a (afi1 )f

8adeeth .an #e )#li=i)us t) the f)rms and "r).edure )f inferen.e

then h); )n earth .an the ign)ramuses )f t)day fath)m all the

=ari)us ;ays a Mu5tahid em"l)ys in his dedu.ti)n )f the MasaailF

?ndeed it is m)st auda.i)us t) stu"idly .all the Muqallid

Edis.arder )f 8adeeth>& May Allah Ta>ala ref)rm their the)#5e.t)rs>H .)nditi)nO

?n this regard7 ;hene=er e*"erts ha=e f)und any statement in

.)nfli.t ;ith a&aleel'e'-harithey )mitted the statement at )n.e&

*am"les )f this are the masalahs )f the "r)hi#iti)n )f

.)nsuming e=en a small quantity )f an int)*i.ant and mu1aaraatfarming )n a "r)fitshare #asisH& There is .larity in the,utub)f

the 8anafiyyah that in these t;) issues the =ie; )f ?mam A#u

8aneefah is dis.arded& 8);e=er7 the num#er )f su.h dis.ardedH

=ie;s "r)#a#ly d)es n)t e=en rea.h ten& ?n this regard this l);ly

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ser=ant 8a6rat M)ulana Than;i Alaihir RahmahH in=estigatedand #esides fi=e )r si* Masaail in ;hi.h ? had s)me reser=ati)ns7

n)t a single masalah )f ?mam A#u 8aneefahH ;as f)und t) #e

against the 8adeeth& ? e=en re.)rded the =ari)us ;ays the Masaail.)rres")nd t) the Ahadeeth in a treatise& (y .)in.iden.e7

h);e=er7 the treatise ;as l)st&

e=ertheless7 it is 8araam t) re=ile a Mu5tahid #e.ause his err)r

is n)t intenti)nal& 8is err)r is i*tihaadi i&e& an err)r in

5udgementH& ?n the light )f the 8adeeth he is re;arded f)r this t))&

Be ha=e said this a..)rding t) )ur @n);ledge7 )ther;ise it is")ssi#le that ?mam A#u 8aneefah had a..ess t) a 8adeeth ;hi.h;e are una;are )f&

$&4 ?#n Taimiyyah states that the f)rms )f inferen.es fr)m a

8adeeth )r Aayat are s) many that n) Mu5tahid .an #e assailed

f)r his inferen.e& This he stated in his @itaa#3aful )alaam anil

Aimmatil Alaam& This @itaa# is ;)rthy )f "erusal&4

$& =en if ;e had t) assume that s)me Ahadeeth did n)t .)me

t) the n)ti.e )f ?mam A#u 8aneefah7 ;e ne=ertheless find that

?mam Muhammad7 A#u Kusuf7 Pufar (in 8uthail7 ?#nul

Mu#aara@7 8asan (in Piyaad and )ther eminent students )f ?mam

A#u 8aneefah li=ing t) the era )f 8adeeth C)m"ilati)n&

/)ll);ing them .ame ?mam Tahaa;i7 Dar@hi7 8aa@im the auth)r)f ,aafi7 A#dul (aaqi (in aani>7 Mustaghri7 ?#nush Sharaqi7

Paila>i and )ther(uffaa1 and9u##aad*aminersH )f 8adeeth

am)ng the Ahnaaf ;h) fl)urished during the age )f the "erfe.ti)n

)f the standards in e*amining the Ahadeeth )f a#i 9Sallallahualaihi ;a sallam& They ;ere fully .)gni6ant )f the -aheeh7

&haeef7)ash'hoorandAahaadAhadeeth&

4Al?faadhaatul K);miyyah

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Thus7 they )mitted any #iyaas anal)gi.al dedu.ti)nH )f ?mamA#u 8aneefah they "er.ei=ed t) #e in .)nfli.t ;ith the Ahadeeth&

/uqaha )f the .ali#re )f ?mam Muhammad7 ?mam A#u Kusuf7Pufar and 8asan differed ;ith ?mam A#u 8aneefahH in a

signifi.ant ")rti)n )f his Mathha#& The 8anafi Mathha# again is

the .)lle.ti=e statements )f ?mam A#u 8aneefah and thesestudents and ass).iates )f his& 9Rahimahumullahu Ta>ala&

1The Q(&aa) a)d Hadeeth a&e3e#"&e (s. We %a), the&e#"&e, &e#e& di&e%tl5 t"

the.?

1&1 'ne ;h) d)es n)t ")ssess #u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyah refer t)

n)& 11H h)lds n) right t) res)rt t) i*tihaad&

1&2 ?t is re")rted fr)m 8a6rat Adi (in 8aatim 9Radhiyallahu

anhu that ;hen the Aayat: And eat and drin0 until the !hite

thread becomes noticeable from the blac0 thread%;as re=ealed7

he t))@ a ;hite thread and a #la.@ thread and @e"t it& ,uring the

night he l))@ed at it& 8);e=er7 the t;) threads ;ere n)tdistinguisha#le fr)m ea.h )ther& ?n the m)rning he inf)rmed

Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam& Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu

alaihi ;a sallam res")nded: ?our pillo! is e5ceptionally huge

for the !hite and blac0 threads 2!hich actually imply the da!n

light and dar0ness of the night4 to be under your pillo!$%

)t;ithstanding the fa.t the this Sahaa#i ;as a nati=e ;h) s")@e

the Ara#i. language7 he erred in understanding the "ur")rt )f the

ur>aani. Aayat in =ie; )f him n)t ")ssessing #u!!at'e'

i*tihaadiyyah& Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam #r)ught

his err)r t) his n)ti.e in a hum)r)us ;ay& ?n s)me )ther Ahadeeth

a#i 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam did n)t =)i.e his disa""r)=al )f

Muqaddimatu ?>laais Sunan7 /a;aaidu Shatta7 "&4

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i5tihaad fr)m .ertain Sahaa#ah& This indi.ates that the Sahaa#ihere did n)t ")ssess #u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyah and hen.e a#i

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam did n)t .redit him f)r his )"ini)n

and "er.e"ti)n&

1&3 ?t is re")rted fr)m 8a6rat ?#n Mas>))d 9Radhiyallahu anhu

that Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam said: )ay AllahTaala 0eep that person happy and prosperous !ho listens to my

(adeeth retains it remembers it and deli"ers it to others$ Indeed

many of those !ho pass on 0no!ledge are not themsel"es "ersed

in 0no!ledge and often a person passes on 0no!ledge to

someone !ho understands it more than the one !ho deli"ered tohim$%Shaafi>i7 (aihaqi in )ad0hal7 Ahmad7 Tirmithi7 A#u,a;))d7 ?#n Maa5ah and ,aarimi ;h) re")rts fr)m 8a6rat Paid

(in Thaa#it&

There is .larity in this 8adeeth that s)me(uffaa1)f 8adeeth d)

n)t understand the meanings )f the 8adeeth )r ")ssess little

understanding )f it&

1&4 The sim"le and straightf)r;ard test in this matter is t) ta@e

a hundred #yla;s at rand)m fr)m a /iqhi @itaa# in ;hi.h the

dalaail"r))fsH are n)t menti)ned7 and tra.e their s)ur.es in the

ur>aan and 8adeeth& /urtherm)re7 the "rin.i"les g)=erning the

#yla;s sh)uld #e "r)=en fr)m the te*t )r indi.ati)ns )f theur>aan and 8adeeth )r ;ith s)und rati)nal arguments& 'n.e this

assignment is .)m"lete it sh)uld #e .)m"ared t) the ans;ers and"r))fs )f the /uqaha& Then )ne ;ill understand the limit )f )ne>s

intelligen.e and the ;)rth )f the /uqaha>s intelligen.e& Insha

Allah7 this ;ill #e.)me e=ident and in future )ne ;ill n)t =enture

t) ma@e "re")ster)us .laims&

1& 8a6rat A#dullah (in Mu#aara@ 9Rahmatullahi alaih

furtherm)re said: (ad it not been for the fact that Allah Taala

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8afi6 ?#n A#dul (arr d).umented this in Inti#a;ith a similarte*t& 'ur Shai@h7 Muhaqqiq D);thari 9Rahimahullahu ann)tated

it ;ith the f)ll);ing ;)rds:

L?#n Asaa@ir>s te*t ;ith his .hain t) ?#n Bah# is:7(ad itnot been for )aali0 >in Anas and Daith >in -ad I !ould

ha"e perished$ I !as under the impression that e"erything

reported from 9abi 2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 had to becarried out$ In one narration it appears: 7@ I !ould ha"e

gone astray i&e& in =ie; )f the .)nfli.t #et;een the

Ahadeeth7 ;hi.h ha""ens t) many ru!aat;h) are strangers

t) /iqhI ;h) .ann)t distinguish #et;een a 8adeeth that

en5)ys "ra.ti.al status fr)m )ne that is n)t f)r "ra.ti.e&+

There are t;) ty"es )f 8adeeth narrati)ns& Bhile #)th ty"es are

authenti.7 it is n)t ne.essary that amal 9"ra.ti.al e*"ressi)n is

gi=en t) all narrati)ns merely )n the #asis )f their authenti.ity&

S)me "ers)ns la.@ the a#ility t) distinguish #et;een these t;)

ty"es )f narrati)ns& Bhi.h are the )ne>s f)r amal7 and ;hi.h are

the narrati)ns ;hi.h are n)t f)r amal 9"ra.ti.al e*"ressi)n7 i&e& t)a.t in a..)rdan.e7 is n)t ;ithin the .)m"rehensi)n )f e=ery)ne&

/)r instan.e7 it a""ears in the 8adeeth that )ne ;h) .)nsumes

liqu)r f)r the f)urth )..asi)n sh)uld #e @illed 9Mish@aat& This

=ie; is n)t held #y any ?mam& The 8adeeth is mans))@h

9a#r)gated as it is relia#ly re")rted that a "ers)n ;as #r)ught t)a#i 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam after ha=ing .)nsumed liqu)r

f)r the f)urth )..asi)n7 h);e=er7 he ;as n)t "ut t) death9Mirqaat&

1&+ aadhi (ishr (in Baleed said: /e !ould be by -ufyaan

>in .yainah !hen a problematic mas'alah !ould come to us$ (e[Imam -ufyaan] !ould as0: 7Is there anyone here from the As'

haab [students associates] of Imam Abu (aneefahid /ee Ul))mil 8adeeth7 ""&31!11

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I !ould then ans!er$ (e !ould then remar0: 7-afety in &een is torefer to the 6u#aha$0

11. What is Q(--at2e2I$tihaadi55ah

11&1 ); listen t) the Ahadeeth fr)m ;hi.h the meaning )f#u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyah;ill #e.)me manifest&

adeeth O!e ?t is re")rted fr)m 8a6rat A#dullah (in Mas>))d9Radhiyallahu anhu that Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a

sallam stated: The =uraan !as re"ealed in se"en dialects$

E"ery Aayat has an apparent meaning and an inner meaning$ Andfor e"ery hori1on there is a "ie!$%Mish@aat Shareef fr)m

Sharhus Sunnah

?n )ther ;)rds: The e*ternal "ur")rt )f the Aayaat .an #e

underst))d thr)ugh Ara#i. linguisti.s and the hidden "ur")rtthr)ugh su.h intelle.tual and reas)ning ");ers ;hi.h are ad)rned;ith Ta#!a&

adeeth T%o Ur;ah (in Pu#air re")rts: L? enquired fr)m

Aishah 9Radhiyallahu anha a#)ut this Aayat: 7erily -afa and

)ar!ah are among the salient signs of [the &een of] Allah

Taala$ Thus !hoe"er performs (a* or .mrah there is no sin onhim if he ma0es saee bet!een the t!o$

? said: EThis Aayat im"lies that there is n) sin )n a "ers)n ;h)

d)es n)t ma@esaee)f Safa and Mar;ah&> 9The Aayat states that

there is n) sin in ma@ingsaee& The a""arent im"li.ati)n is that

saee is "ermitted& Thus7 e=en if )ne d)es n)t ma@e saee itsh)uld #e "ermissi#le&

0?#id7 "& 33

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8a6rat Aishah 9Radhiyallahu anha re"lied: E' e"he;O K)u ha=e

made a #ig mista@e& ?f this Aayat meant ;hat y)u ha=e

underst))d7 then it ;)uld ha=e read: 7There is no sin in !tma0ing saee bet!een the t!o$%Maali@7 (u@hari7 Muslim7 A#u

,a;))d7 Tirmithi and asaai

adeeth Three S"ea@ing )n the =irtues )f the Sahaa#ah7 8a6rat

?#n Mas>))d 9Radhiyallahu anhu said: They are the most

"irtuous of the entire .mmahF their hearts are pure they

possessed the profoundest 0no!ledge and they !ere "ery open

and informal$%Ra6een&

adeeth For 8a6rat ?#n Juhaifah re")rts: I as0ed Ali

23adhiyallahu anhu4: 7&o you ha"e some 0no!ledge !hich is not

found in the =uraaneing /ho split the seed and created life; /e do not ha"e any

0no!ledge e5cept for a distinct perception in [understanding]

the =uraan !hich Allah Taala grants to !home"er (e !ishes$%(u@hari7 Tirmithi and asaai

adeeth Fie 8a6rat Paid (in Thaa#it 9Radhiyallahu anhu

re")rts: &uring the occasion of the battle !ith the people of

?amaamah Abu >a0r 23adhiyallahu anhu4 sent someone to call

me$ /hen I came to him I sa! .mar 23adhiyallahu anhu4 sittingby him$ Abu >a0r 23adhiyallahu anhu4 spo0e to me and said:

7.mar came to me and ad"ised me that many =urra of the=uraan fell$ (e said: 7I fear that if this continues then a ma*or

portion of the =uraan !ill be lost to us$ Therefore my ad"ice is

that you instruct that the =uraan be compiled [in boo0 form]$ I

responded: 7(o! can I do something !hich 3asoolullah2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 ne"er did


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/r)m the af)rementi)ned /i=e Ahadeeth .)lle.ti=ely7 the

f)ll);ing ")ints are .lear:

S)me meanings )f the 9usoos ur>aan and 8adeeth te*tsHare a""arent and s)me )f the meanings are hidden and su#tle&

The latter are mysteries7 reas)ns and ;isd)m&

The le=el )f understanding the 9usoos =ary am)ng

indi=iduals& S)me )nly understand the a""arent meanings7

;hilst )thers fath)m the hidden meanings&

?n this dis"arity in .)m"rehensi)n7 =irtue and merit are n)t

due t) mere differen.e in .)m"rehensi)n as this is the .ase

;ith any t;) indi=iduals& Rather7 this =irtue and merit aree*.lusi=e t) a s"e.ial le=el )f de"th and "enetrati)n7 and this

is the le=el )f @n);ledge ;)rthy )f .)nsiderati)n&

This s"e.ial le=el )f understanding is n)t the "r)du.t )f

human eff)rt& ?t is Allahgi=en&

Thus7 the summary )f its #u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyahsH nature as

.)n.luded fr)m the a#)=e Ahadeeth is that it is an e*.lusi=eAllahgi=en "r)fi.ien.y and a#ility )f .)m"rehensi)n and

dedu.ti)n #y =irtue )f ;hi.h th)se ;h) ")ssess this a#ilitydis.)=er the hidden "ur")rt and su#tle meanings )f the 9usoos7

and the mysteries and reas)ns f)r the Ah0aam "ertaining t)

"ra.ti.e and #elief in a .)n=in.ing manner& 'thers .ann)t rea.h

;here they ha=e "enetrated&

S)metimes7 h);e=er7 their hearts are .)ntented ;ith an)ther=ie;& ?n su.h a .ase they retra.t their first =ie;&

This ");er is .alledfehm7fi#h7 raai7 i*tihaadand istimbaat& 'ther

terms als) are used t) refer t) it in the Aayaat and Ahadeeth&

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1!. The Q(esti") "# the Aia2e2($tahidee)P&"hi3iti)* thei& Taqleed

12&1 4estio! The AimmaeMu5tahideen ha=e themsel=es said

that it is n)t la;ful t) ad)"t their =ie;s until the "r))f is @n);n&

Thus7 th)se ;h)m y)u ma@e Taqleed )f7 "r)hi#it this selfsame

Taqleed&

ResGo!se The audien.e )f the a#)=e statement )f theMu5tahideen is n)t th)se "e)"le ;h) d) n)t ")ssess #u!!at'e'

i*tihaadiyyah7 )ther;ise7 this statement )f theirs ;ill firstly .lash

;ith th)se Ahadeeth ;hi.h "ermit Taqleed ;hi.h ;e ha=e

menti)ned earlier7 and se.)ndly7 it ;ill .lash ;ith their "ra.ti.eand )ther statements&

The .lash ;ith their "ra.ti.e is that it is n)t d).umented any;here

that the Mu5tahideen ;)uld furnish "r))f ;hen ans;ering ea.h

and e=ery "ers)n>s questi)n& Similarly7 there ;as n) stri.t

adheren.e t) re.)rd dalaail "r))fsH ;ith their 6ataa!a ;hi.hthey .)m"iled7 as is e=ident in the Ditaa#s su.h as: aami-agheer7 et.& ?t is an )#=i)us fa.t that an ans;er is gi=en f)r the

sa@e )f "ra.ti.al ad)"ti)n7 ;hether the ans;er is =er#al )r

re.)rded in a #))@& Thus7 this "ra.ti.e )f the Mu5tahideen is

Taqleed "er se&

A ruling )f ?mam A#u Kusuf 9Rahmatullahi alaih )n a .ertain

masalah effe.ti=ely neutrali6es the .)ntenti)n )f the ren)un.ers

)f TaqleedH that the AimmaeMu5tahideen themsel=es f)r#ade

the .)n.e"t )f Taqleed& The masalah as is re")rted in (idaayah

A!!alain7 et.& fr)m ?mam A#u Kusuf 9Rahmatullahi alaih is that

if a "ers)n has #l))d rem)=ed fr)m his #)dy in the state )f

fasting and thereafter he intenti)nally eats )r drin@s thin@ing that

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his fast had #r)@en )n the #asis )f the 8adeeth: The fast of boththe cupper and the one !ho !as cupped is bro0enthen su.h a

"ers)n ;ill ha=e t) ne.essarily @ee" 0affaarah& %resenting the

argument f)r this masalah ?mam A#u Kusuf says: It isobligatory on a layman [i$e$ a non'Aalim] to e5plicitly follo! the

6u#aha as he has no understanding of the Ahadeeth$%

This statement .learly sh);s that the f)rmer statement )f the

Mu5tahideen is addressed t) th)se ;h) ")ssess #u!!at'e'

i*tihaadiyyah7 n)t t) th)se ;h) la.@ this a#ility& A..)rdingly7

refle.ting )n that statement re=eals this restri.ti)n& This is due t)

the fa.t that the ;)rds: until the proof is 0no!n%e=in.es thatthey ;ere s"ea@ing t) "e)"le ;h) had the ")tential t).)m"rehend the dalaail& 'ne ;h) la.@s #u!!at'e'i*tihaadiyyah

may #e a#le t) listen t) the "r))fI he .ann)t h);e=er .)m"rehend

the "r))f&

?m")sing the .)m"rehending )f the "r))fs )n a "ers)n ;h) la.@s

the a#ility t) .)m"rehend the "r))fs is ta0leef'e'maa laa yutaa#im")sing the un#eara#leH ;hi.h is Shar>i;ise baatil null and

=)idH& Thus7 it is e=ident that this address i&e& the statement )f the

Mu5tahideen in the questi)nH is dire.ted t) a -aahib'e'I*tihaad7

n)t t) a n)nMu5tahid&

12&2 ?#n Taimiyyah states: The Aimmah barring Ta#leed isonly in relation to one !ho has the ability to dra! Ah0aam from

the dalaail$%/ataa;a ?#n Taimiyyah&-

-AlDalaamul Mufeed fee ?th#aatit Taqleed7 "& 233

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1'. The E&&"& "# J(d*i)* the Ahadeeth "# the F(qaha ")the C&ite&ia "# the (haddithee)

13&1 ?n s) far as th)se Ahadeeth are .)n.erned ;hi.h are

dhaeef a..)rding t) the Muhadditheen7 firstly all th)se rules and

"rin.i"les are "resum"ti=e )n ;hi.h the Muhadditheen ha=e

#ased the strength and ;ea@ness )f the Ahadeeth and in ;hi.h thema5)r fa.t)r is the .redentials )f the raa!i narrat)rH&

A..)rdingly7 in .ertain "rin.i"les7 the Muhadditheen themsel=es

are di=ided&

Similarly7 a raa!i #eing thi#ah relia#leH )r ghair'thi#ah

unrelia#leH is als) "resum"ti=e i&e& s"e.ulati=e7 n)t .ateg)ri.alH&8en.e7 the Muhadditheen differ in regard t) many narrat)rs&

/urtherm)re7 "referen.e f)r de.laring a narrat)r unrelia#le )=er

his relia#ility is .)nditi)nal t) many restri.ti)ns and it is n)t

a..e"ted that all the .)nditi)ns are f)und e=ery;here& The #))@s

)n this su#5e.t re=eal the =era.ity )f this ")int&

Bhen these rules and "rin.i"les are "resum"ti=e then h); .an

they #e #inding )n allF Bhen the /uqaha ha=e f)rmulated )ther

"rin.i"les t) 5udge the strength and ;ea@ness )f the Ahadeeth )n

the #asis )f dalaail7 as a""ears in the .sool'e'6i#hDitaa#s7 there

is n) reas)n then f)r )#5e.ti)n& Thus7 it is quite ")ssi#le that a

.ertain 8adeeth is unrelia#le in the light )f the Muhadditheen>s

standards7 #ut a..)rding t) the standards )f the /uqaha the same8adeeth is ;)rthy )f #eing a #asis f)r f)rmulatingAh0aam&

Se.)ndly7 dhuf )r ;ea@ness is n)t an inherent quality )f a

8adeeth&&hufis due t) the raa!i& Thus7 it is quite ")ssi#le that a

Mu5tahid re.ei=ed a 8adeeth ;ith a -aheeh sanad authenti..hainH and later )n the sanad ;as tarnished #y the additi)n )f a

;ea@ narrat)r& Theref)re7 the later dhuf d)es n)t harm the earlier.)ntenti)n and "r))f )f the Mu5tahid&

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'n.e the Mu5tahid has em"l)yed a 8adeeth in his argument

#earing in mind that em"l)ying a 8adeeth f)r this "ur")se is

de"endent )n the authenti.ity )f the 8adeeththen the Mu5tahidhas a.tually authenti.ated the 8adeeth& This is the "ur")rt )f the

Ulama>s statement: /hen a )u*tahid ad"ances a (adeeth in his

argument its authenticity is implied$%?n fa.t7 its authenti.ity is ane.essary .)r)llary stemming fr)m the Mu5tahid>s a..e"tan.e )f

the 8adeeth as the #asis f)r f)rmulati)n )f a(u0m)r s .riteriaH7 the 8adeeth ;ill #e 5udged t) #e

-aheeh7 5ust as the .ase is ;ith the Talee#aat)f ?mam (u@hari9Rahmatullahi alaih ;here ?mam (u@hari .ites Ahadeeth;ith)ut their sanads& Regardless )f the a#sen.e )f their sanads

these Ahadeeth are a..e"ted as =alid s)ur.es )f .)ntenti)n in

=ie; )f ?mam (u@hari 9Rahmatullahi alaih ta@ing u")n himself

the res")nsi#ility )f .iting )nly s)und Ahadeeth in his Al'

aamius -aheehH& Theref)re7 i&e& )n the #asis )f the

a#)=ementi)ned "rin.i"leH there is n) disad=antage t) theMu5tahid>s argument )n a..)unt )f su.h a 8adeeth ;hi.h d)es

n)t ;eigh u" t) the .)nditi)ns laid d);n #y the MuhadditheenH&

13&2 ?t is )nly #efitting t) menti)n here that the Thulaathiyyaat

Ahadeeth in ;hi.h there are )nly 3 lin@s t) Ras))lullah

Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallamH #y ?mam (u@hari and )therMuhadditheen are =ery fe; ;hereas these Ahadeeth are mu.h

"ri6ed #y the MuhadditheenH& K)u .an 5udge fr)m this that7 in theentire (u@hari Shareef there are n)t m)re than 222

Thulaathiyyaat& ?mam A#u 8aneefah7 )n the )ther hand7 #y =irtue

)f him ha=ing #eing earlier )n the s.ene7 and a Taa#i>i7 his

narrati)ns are "red)minantly Thulaathiyyaat& ?n fa.t7 there aree=en Thunaaiyyaat Ahadeeth ;ith )nly 2 lin@s t) Ras))lullah

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam t) his .reditH& 8en.e7 ?mam

Shar>aani Shaafi>i has ;ritten: I ha"e studied authentic copies of

Imam Abu (aneefahs G )asaaneed [(adeeth !or0s !ith chains

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that are lin0ed to 3asoolullah -allallahu alaihi !a sallam]endorsed by the (uffaa1 of (adeeth$ I found e"ery (adeeth to be

the report of e5cellent and righteous Taabieen the li0es of

As!ad Al#amah Ataa I0rimah )u*aahid )a0hool (asan>asri and others$%

Thus7 #et;een ?mam A#u 8aneefah and the 'ffi.e )f 3isaalat9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam7 all the narrat)rs ;ere h)nest and

righte)us Aalims7 and they ;ere eminent>u1rugsSaintsH& )ne

)f them ;as a liar )r )ne a..used )f menda.ity& ?t is f)r this

reas)n that the Aimmae8adeeth and the Ulama ha=e .)n.luded

that the Ahadeeth ;ith ;hi.h the AimmaeMu5tahideen ha=ef)rmulated /iqh7 are mu.h m)re relia#le and a..redited than thelater Ahadeeth7 #e.ause th)se illustri)us /uqaha ;ere the

Asaati1ah Tea.hers and Ment)rs7 and in fa.t theAsaati1ah)f the

Asaati1ahH )f the later Muhadditheen& /urtherm)re7 they en5)yed

a .l)ser "r)*imity t) the ra )f 3isaalat and the Sahaa#ah&

/alseh))d had n)t #e.)me ;ides"read in the ,hairul =uroon

)#lest )f AgesH& Theref)re7 ;hate=er dhuf ;ea@ness in theAhadeethH de=el)"ed )n a..)unt )f the ru!aat7 it ;as the har=est

)f the su..eeding generati)ns&$

$Malf))6aateMuhadditheDashmiri7 ""& 140! -

3+


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0& The 8ist)rian7 ?#n Dhald))n said: /hat indicates that he[Imam Abu (aneefah] !as among the senior )u*tahideen in the

-cience of (adeeth is that his )ath'hab gained acceptance

among them [the )u*tahideen] and they turned to it and ga"e itrecognition after discussion and in"estigation$%

-& ?#n 8a5ar said in his =alaaidthat Sufyaan Th);ri said: Infront of Abu (aneefah !e !ere li0e sparro!s in front of a ha!0$

erily Abu (aneefah !as the leader of the .lama$%

$& ?mam Shaafi>i said that ?mam Maali@ ;as as@ed: &id you

see Abu (aneefah (in Jarraah )ne day

;hen a "ers)n said: EA#u 8aneefah has erred&> Ba@ee> s")@e:

7(o! can Abu (aneefah err !hen he has by him the li0es of Abu?usuf Bufar and )uhammad !ith their #iyaas and i*tihaad the

li0es of ?ahya >in Ba0ariyyah Abi Baaidah (afs >in Jhiyaath

and (ibbaan and )andal the sons of Ali !ith their hif1 and

understanding of the (adeeth =aasim >in )an and his

perception of language and linguistics and &a!ood >in 9aseer

Taai and 6udhail >in Iyaadh !ith their Buhd and Ta#!a< Aperson !ho has these students or associates can hardly err$ If he

does they !ill return him to the (a#$%

11& ?mam Shar>aani menti)ned in Al')ee1aan that ?mam

Shaafi>i 9Rahimahullah left )ut =unoot ;hen he =isited his

?mam A#u 8aneefah>sH gra=e and it ;as time f)r /a5r Salaah& 8e?mam Shaafi>iH said: (o! can I recite the =unoot in the

presence of the Imam !hen he does not ad"ocate it


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?mam Shar>aani adds that the reas)n f)r ?mam Shaafi>i d)ing thati&e& )mitting the =unootH ;as t) sh); adab res"e.tH t) the

AimmaeMu5tahideen7 "la.ing them and all their statements )n a

n)#le and a..e"ta#le "edestal7 f)r they ne=er said anything #utafter .)ming t) @n); )f a daleel fr)m the Traditi)ns )f

Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam&14

12& The f)ll);ing are "raises ?#n Taimiyyah the undis"uted

?mam )f the SalafisH lauded )n ?mam A#u 8aneefah: T"e$e #re

t"e Ul#)# %" $t*&( #!& re$e#rc" Il) ( #!& !i4"t5 They

ha"e no personal interest !ith anyone$ In fact they assert

preference to this -ahaabis statement sometimes and that-ahaabis statement sometimes according to the proofs of the-hariah they beholdF li0e -aeed >in )usayyab and the 6u#aha

of )adinah@ and their counterparts the li0es of Al#amah

As!ad =aadhi -huraih and their li0e$ Then Ibraheem 9a0hai

Aamir -habi (a0am >in .taibah )ansoor >in .taibah up to

-ufyaan Tho!ri A'* H#!eef#", Ibn Abi Dailah -haree0 and

then /a0ee >in arraah Abu ?usuf )uhammad >in (asan andtheir peers$%1

13& 8e ?#n TaimiyyahH said in an)ther "la.e: The Imams of the

.lama of (adeeth Tafseer Tasa!!uf and 6i#h such as t"e f*r

I)#)$ [Abu (aneefah -haafii )aali0 and Ibn (ambal] and

their follo!ers [i$e$ their students]$$$%

14& ?mam (u@hari 9Rahmatullahi alaih states: I ne"er foundmyself more inferior and barren by anyone other than Ibn

)adeeni$%This same ?#n Madeeni t)gether ;ith ?mam Ahmad

and Kahya (in Ma>een are the students )f Kahya (in Sa>eed Al

attaan& And he Kahya (in Sa>eed AlattaanH ;)uld tea.h them;ith su.h ")m" #et;een Asr and Maghri# time that he ;)uld

14A#u 8aneefah ;a Ashaa#uhu AlMuhaddith))n7 "& +01 )& 12 and 13 ha=e #een ta@en fr)m the )u#addimah of Tabyeedhus-aheefah ;ith referen.e t))inhaa*us -unnatin 9aba!iyyah)f ?#n Taimiyyah&

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re.line against a "illar )f the Mas5id and these three ;)uld #estanding in fr)nt )f him ;ith arms f)lded listening t) his dars

le.ture7 less)nH )f 8adeeth and unra=elling their queries and

d)u#ts regarding Ahadeeth and Masaail&

Then ta@e n)te that Kahya Alattaan has #een listed #y Allaamah

Durduri am)ng the students )f ?mam A#u 8aneefah and am)nghisAhl'e'-hura.)nsultati)n mem#ersH )f his Mathha#&

8e ;)uld attend the less)ns )f ?mam A#u 8aneefah and rea" the

#enefits& 8e ;)uld gi=e fat!a )n ?mam Sahe#>s Mathha#& 8e

;as the first auth)r )f Taaree0h'e'3i*aal (i)gra"hy )f thenarrat)rs )f 8adeethH&

8e Kahya (in Sa>eed AlattaanH says in regard t) ?mam A#u

8aneefah: Allah is !itness that I do not spea0 a lie !hen I say

that I did not find anyone more correct in *udgement than Imam

Abu (aneefah$ And I subscribe to most of his "ie!s$%1+

1& 8afi6e8adeeth Ma@@i (in ?#raheem ;as the ?mam )f the

Muhadditheen )f (al@h and he is the Ustaad )f ?mam (u@hari&

?mam (u@hari has in.luded many )f his narrati)ns in (u@hari

Shareef& /r)m am)ng the l)ftiest sanadthe 22 Thulaathi

Ahadeeth)f (u@hari Shareef 2 al)ne are fr)m 8anafi narrat)rs

and 11 are fr)m Ma@@i (in ?#raheem al)ne& This great distin.ti)n)f the num#er )f Thulaathiyyaat in (u@hari ShareefH is #y =irtue

)f the "red)minant 8anafi narrat)rs&

8e Ma@@i (in ?#raheemH is als) a student )f ?mam A#u

8aneefah ;h) stayed ;ith him and learnt fr)m him day and

night& 8e says: Imam Abu (aneefah !as the greatest Aalim ofhis time$% And7Aalimin the "arlan.e )f the Muhadditheen is he

;h) is a..)m"lished in the te*t and .hains 9mutoon !a isnaad )f

the Ahadeeth&

1+)>s 147 1 and 1+ are fr)m)alfoo1aat'e')uhaddith'e',ashmiri7 ""& 140&

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1+& ?t is )nly #efitting t) menti)n here that the Thulaathiyyaat

Ahadeeth in ;hi.h there are )nly 3 lin@s t) Ras))lullah

Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallamH #y ?mam (u@hari and the )therMuhadditheen are =ery fe;& K)u .an 5udge fr)m this that7 in the

entire >u0hari -hareef there are n)t m)re than 222

Thulaathiyyaat& ?mam A#u 8aneefah )n the )ther hand7 #y =irtue)f him ha=ing #eing earlier )n the s.ene7 and a Taabii7 his

narrati)ns are "red)minantly Thulaathi& ?n fa.t7 there are e=en

Thunaaiyyaat Ahadeeth ;ith )nly 2 lin@s t) Ras))lullah

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam t) his .reditH& 8en.e7 ?mam

Shar>aani Shaafi>i has ;ritten: I ha"e studied authentic copies ofImam Abu (aneefahs G )asaaneed [(adeeth !or0s !ith chainsthat are lin0ed to 3asoolullah -allallahu alaihi !a sallam]

endorsed by the (uffaa1 of (adeeth$ I found e"ery (adeeth to be

the report of e5cellent reliable and righteous Taabieen the li0es

of As!ad Al#amah Ataa I0rimah )u*aahid )a0hool (asan

>asri and others$%

Thus7 #et;een ?mam A#u 8aneefah and the 8ffice of 3isaalat

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam all the narrat)rs ;ere h)nest and

righte)us Aalims and they ;ere eminent>u1rugsSaintsH& )ne

)f them ;as a liar )r )ne a..used )f menda.ity&

10& Bhen su.h l)fty =irtues are "r)=en f)r ?mam A#u 8aneefah;ith su.h str)ng e=iden.es7 then h); .an there #e any d)u#t in

his @n);ledge and guidan.eF And7 this is the t)u.hst)ne )fleadershi" in ,een and reas)n f)r his Taqleed& And7 this is the

)#5e.ti=e )f this dis.ussi)n& /al (amdu Dillaahi 3abbil

Aalameen$

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CHAPTER THREE: The Ha)a#i Dalaail #"& Ce&tai)C")te)ti"(s asaail

8ere ;e "resent the 8adeeth "r))fs f)r .ertain .)ntenti)us issues

t) sh); that the 8anafiyyah d) f)ll); the 8adeeth& Testifying t)

this fa.t ?mam ?#n Taimiyyah states:

TheH#!#fi((#"are from the Ahlus -unnah !al amaah

and the Ahlus -unnah are the Ahlul (adeeth$%Minhaa5us Sunnah10

Be ha=e suffi.ed here ;ith the #are minimum&

1. (h& alaah A#te& the had"- "# O3$e%ts EB%eedsthei& O&i*i)al Le)*th

1&1 A#u Tharr 9Radhiyallahu anhu re")rts the f)ll);ing: /e

!ere !ith 3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 on *ourney$The )u'a11in !anted to gi"e the Athaan$ 3asoolullah 2-allallahu

alaihi !a sallam4 said: 7Det the temperature cool do!n$ After

some time the )u'a11in !ished to gi"e again$ 3asoolullah

2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 said: 7Det it cool do!n more$ The

time passed until the shado!s e#ualled the dunes$ Then

3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 said: 7The heat of

summer is due to the flames of ahannam$%(u@hari

The .)ntenti)n fr)m the a#)=e 8adeeth is )#=i)us& '#ser=ati)n

re=eals that ;hen the shad); )f a dune is equal t) it then the

length )f the shad); )f )ther i&e& smallerH )#5e.ts a""ear mu.h

l)nger than )n.e their si6e& );7 ;hen Athaan is gi=en at thistime7 then it is )#=i)us that the shad); )f )#5e.ts ;ill e*.eed

their )riginal length #ef)re the Salaat is .)m"leted& /r)m this it is

10?mdaadul /ataa;a7 &+ "& 4-

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esta#lished that the time )f Puhr remains e=en after )ne mithl i&e&the )riginal length )f )#5e.tsH&

1&2 ?t is re")rted that Piyaad (in A#dur Rahmaan a@ha>i said:/e !ere sitting !ith Ali 23adhiyallahu anhu4 in the Jrand

)os#ue$ ,ufa at that time !as still underde"eloped !ith homes

predominantly being huts$ The mu'a11in came and said: 7-alaah8 Ameerul )u'mineen 2for Asr4; Ali 23adhiyallahu anhu4

responded: 7-it; (e [the mu'a11in] sat for a !hile and then

repeated his statement$ Ali 23adhiyallahu anhu4 replied: 7This

dog !ishes to teach us the -unnah;;;

Ali 9Radhiyallahu anhu thereafter st))d u" and led us in AsrSalaah after ;hi.h ;e returned t) the "la.e ;here ;e ;ere

sitting& Be sat d);nas in Tashahhudand ;at.hed as the sun

set&,).umented #y 8aa@im in)ustadra0

? M)ulana Pafar Ahmad Uthmaani Sahe#7 the auth)r )f Ilaaus

-unanH say: LThis narrati)nH .learly indi.ates that delaying Asr isSunnat& Bhen the mua66in ;as hasty Ali 9Radhiyallahu anhu

)rdered him t) sit& After sitting d);n f)r s)me time he re"eated

his statement& Ali 9Radhiyallahu anhu then re"rimanded him

saying: This dog !ishes to teach us the -unnah$% 8e thus

im"lied: /e 0no! the -unnah better than him$%

After "erf)rming the Asr Salaat the gr)u" )f "e)"le returned t)

;here they ;ere sitting and the sun #e.ame "ale and ready t) g)d);n& ?n )ther ;)rds7 the Salaat ;as quite late in the aftern))n

and hen.e sh)rtly after the Salaat the sun #e.ame "ale&

8ad Asr Salaat n)t #een Sunnat late in the aftern))n Ali9Radhiyallahu anhu ;)uld n)t ha=e delayed it that mu.h& 8ad it

#een Sunnat t) "erf)rm it early7 he ;)uld n)t ha=e re#uffed the

mua66in in su.h a manner&1-

1-?>laaus Sunan7 &2 ""& 30!-

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!. The Feet i) Qi5aa

2&1 ?t a""ears in -unanun 9asaai91!132 in>aabus -affi bainal

=adamain fis -alaah: Abdullah sa! a person reading -alaah!hilst he had made saff of his feet$ (e remar0ed: 7(e has erred in

the -unnat$ If he had made muraa!ahah it !ould appeal to me

more$%

-aff here means t) "ut the feet t)gether& )uraa!ahah a.tually

means t) rest )n )ne f))t a little and then )n the )ther8);e=er7 @ee"ing the feet slightly a"art is als) muraa!ahah&

And7 in all "r)#a#ility7 it is intended here& ?n any .ase7 fr)m this

8adeethH it is "r)=en that the feet sh)uld n)t #e @e"t ;ide

a"art&1$

2&2 The meaning )f 5)ining Ean@les t) an@les> in the 8adeeth:Thereafter I sa! that a man !ould attach his shoulder to the

shoulder of his companion 2the one standing alongside4 his 0nee

to the 0nee of his companion and his an0le to the an0le of his

companion$%(u@hari and A#u ,a;))dH is that e=ery)ne in the

Jama>ah sh)uld stand al)ngside the )ther 9i&e& in a straight line&2

2&3 ?t sh)uld #e n)ted that the em"hasis is )n .l)sing the ga"s

in Jamaat SalaatH& There sh)uld #e n) ga" #et;een t;) musallis

standing in the saff& (ut the ;ider the legs are s"read a"art7 them)re the distan.e #et;een the sh)ulders ;ill in.rease& Thus7

s"reading the legs ;ide a"art defeats the =ery .)mmand issued in

the 8adeeth t) .l)se the ga"s and straighten the suf))f&

1$Ma>aarifus Sunan7 & 2 ""& 1$-!$2)>s 2&2 and 2&3 are e*.er"ts fr)m EThe /eet in SalaatThe Salafi rr)r7>

""& 7 07 - and $&

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?n )rder t) a.hie=e Ef))t t) f))t> literally7 the Salafis are.)nstrained t) turn their feet at angles a;ay fr)m the i#lah& ?n

this hide)us e*er.ise7 they manage )nly t) t)u.h the t)es )f the

ne*t musalli ;ith mu.h diffi.ulty and irritati)n t) th)se ;h)se"ea.e )f mind is distur#ed ;ith the unruly en.r)a.hment )f his

.)m"ani)n>s t)es& Bhen the t)es are made t) t)u.h ;ith the feet

in diag)nal ")siti)ns7 the sh)ulders .ann)t t)u.hI the @nees7an@les7 ne.@s7 et.& are thr);n .)m"letely )ut )f alignment&

Bhen sh)ulders are n)t lined u"7 it is im")ssi#le t) a.hie=e

straight suf))f& ?t is f)r this reas)n that the 8adeeth em"hasises

m)re )n sh)ulders& /eet are menti)ned )nly )n.e& The Sahaa#ahand the Taa#i>een relate the instru.ti)n Et) line u"> and straightenthe saff t) the sh)ulders7 ne.@s7 @nees7 an@les and the feet& ?n

)ther ;)rds7 all these sh)uld #e in line7 n)t )ut )f alignment& ?t is

f)r this reas)n that the 8adeeth .learly menti)ns that the Dhulafa

eRaashideen7 in fa.t Rasulullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam

himself7 ;)uld )rder "r)truding .hests t) re.ede int) line& e=er

did any )f the Auth)rities )f the Shariah s"ea@ a#)ut feet ;hi.hsh)uld t)u.h&

?n the ad)"ti)n )f the Salafi m)de7 the m)=ement is e*.essi=e in

Salaat& either is "r)"er Ru@u> n)r "r)"er Sa5dah ")ssi#le if this

hide)us ")sture has t) #e retained thr)ugh)ut Salaat& ?n fa.t7

Sa5dah is n)t at all ")ssi#le ;ith the feet s"read ;ide a"art&Theref)re7 the Salafis are .)nstrained t) shift ")siti)ns re"eatedly

;hen g)ing int) Ru@u>& This e*.essi=e m)=ement in Salaat isnegat)ry )f 0hushoo>&

'. Ra#a adai) O)l5 at the 9e*i))i)*

3&1 ?t is re")rted fr)m Alqamah that 8a6rat A#dullah (in

Mas>))d 9Radhiyallahu anhu said: -hall I sho! you the -alaah

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of 3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4


48/72

and qiraatAlhamdu and the -urahH are in.luded in the"r)hi#iti)nH& Thus7 the )#5e.ti=e is .learly indi.ated&

&2 ?n s) far as the 8adeeth: There is no -alaat for one !hodoes not recite -urah 6aatihah% is .)n.erned7 it a""lies t) a

"ers)n ;h) is "erf)rming Salaah al)ne& ?t is n)t addressed t) )ne

;h) reads #ehind the ?mam& This is .)nfirmed #y the f)ll);ing(adeeth'e')o!#oof: A#u u>aim re")rts fr)m Bah# (in

Daisaan that he heard the Sahaa#i7 Jaa#ir (in A#dullah saying:

If anyone performs a 3a0aat !ithout Alhamdu then there is no

!ay out [of the harm to his -alaah] other than him being behind

the Imam$%Tirmithi7 ;h) said that the 8adeeth is (asan-aheeh&

&3 Then the 8adeeth: &o not recite anything behind me

besides Alhamdu because the -alaah of a person !ho does not

recite it is not "alid%d)es n)t "r)=e the .)m"ulsi)n )f /aatihah&

The reas)n f)r this is that it .)uld ")ssi#ly mean: ?n =ie; )f

Surah /aatihah en5)ying the status )f Salaah #eing de"endent )nit f)r e*isten.e )r "erfe.ti)n 9a..)rding t) the differen.e )f

)"ini)ns ;e gi=e "ermissi)n f)r its re.ital& Thus7 at m)st the

8adeeth gi=es "ermissi)n f)r its re.ital& The earlier "r)hi#iti)n

and then e*.lusi)n suggest this meaning as ;ell& The 8adeeth

.ited at the #eginning7 h);e=er7 "r)hi#its its re.itati)n as in it

there is a negati=e .)mmand7 namely7 Lmaintaining silen.e&Thus7 )n the #asis )f the "rin.i"le: /hen a proof of

permissibility and a proof of prohibition clash the proof ofprohibition !ill ta0e preference% it has t) #e said that the

"ermissi#ility has #een a#)lished& );7 there remains n) d)u#t in

this masalah in the light )f any 8adeeth&

4-


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6. Re%iti)* Aaee) "#tl5

+&1 Alqamah (in Baail re")rts fr)m his father that Ras))lullah

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam read:8/=&@$/1&B"C$0&6&/=&)$-$$,$la M);sili in their)asaaneed7 Ta#arani in his )u*am7 ,aara utni in his -unan

and 8aa@im in his)ustadra0 ;ith these ;)rds:(H& $,$:$9/.$1&;$

;hi.h means: and he [3asoolullah -allallahu alaihi !a sallam]

lo!ered his "oice !ith it [Aameen]$%

?n ,itaabul =iraat7 8aa@im d).umented the ;)rdK$ H$$ hel);ered 9his =)i.eH& 8aa@im als) said regarding this 8adeeth that

its .hain is authenti.7 alth)ugh (u@hari and Muslim ha=e n)t

re")rted it&

Tirmithi e*"ressed .ertain d)u#ts regarding this 8adeeth&8);e=er7 Allaamah Aini has res")nded t) all& The summary )f

his res")nse a""ears in the marginal n)tes t)9asaai91!14-&

7. The Wa5 t" it i) Qadah Ahee&ah

0&1 ?n =adah A0heerah )ne sh)uld sit as )ne sits in =adah

8ela& 8a6rat Aishah 9Radhiyallahu anha re")rts that Ras))lullah

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam ;)uld re.iteAttahiyyaat;ith e=ery

4$


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t;) Ra@aats and he ;)uld s"read his left f))t and @ee" the rightf))t ere.t&Muslim

?n the a#)=e 8adeeth the "ra.ti.e )f Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi;a sallam in the manner )f @ee"ing the feet is menti)ned& The

unrestri.ted usage )f the ;)rds in.ludes #)th =adahs&

/urtherm)re7 the "hrase !ith e"ery t!o 3a0aats%.)nfirms thisgenerality&

0&2 Baail (in 8u5r re")rts: I came to )adinah and said: 7I am

going to !atch the -alaah of 3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a

sallam4$ /hen he [3asoolullah -allallahu alaihi !a sallam] satfor Tashahhud he spread out his left foot 0ept his left hand on hisleft thigh and his right foot erect$%Tirmithi ;h) said that the

8adeeth is (asan -aheehand that m)st Ulama su#s.ri#e t) this

"ra.ti.e&

Alth)ugh an a.t )f a#i Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallamH is n)t

generalper se7 h);e=er7 in the .ase ;here there are indi.ati)ns"resent7 generality .an #e entertained& The indi.ati)ns here are the

f)ll);ing:

The Sahaa#i "ur")sefully ;at.hing the Salaah )f Ras))lullah

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam ;hi.h generally ne.essitates

;at.hing )n se=eral )..asi)ns

8is s"e.ial menti)n )f his )#ser=ati)n

?f the manner )f the t;) =adahsfirst and lastH ;ere differentthen the Sahaa#i ;)uld ha=e menti)ned it as required #e.ause

maintaining silen.e in su.h a .ase ;)uld gi=e a ;r)ngim"ressi)n& /r)m the f)reg)ing7 ;e .an .)n.lude that #)th

sittings ;ere the same&

0&3 The s)n )f A#dullah (in Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu re")rts

fr)m his father that he said: The -unnah of -alaah is to 0eep the


51/72

foot erect !ith the toes pointing to the =iblah and sitting on theleft foot$%asaai

?n =ie; )f this 8adeeth #eing q);li i&e& a =er#al de.larati)nHthere is7 theref)re7 n) su.h d)u#t as ;ith the "re=i)us 8adeeth

#e.ause in a =er#al traditi)n7 there is generality&

8. a$dah "# a Feale

A ;)man sh)uld .)nstri.t herself and let her st)ma.h .ling t) her

thighs as there is m)re .)n.ealment in this f)r her& And indeed sheis an )#5e.t )f .)n.ealment& This manner )f Sa5dahH is indi.ated

in the 8adeeth re")rted #y A#u ,a;))d in his)araaseel: 9abi

2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 passed by t!o !omen and said:

7/hen you ma0e -a*dah then compress some of your body to the

ground$ erily a !oman does not imitate a man in this [i$e$

-a*dah]$%21

;. D(aa a#te& Fa&dh alaah -ith Raised Ha)ds

$&1 Allah Su#haanahu ;a Ta>ala de.lares: 8nce you are

complete then e5ert yourself and concern yourself !ith your3abb$% 9$4!0-

?mam A#u A#dillah Muhammad (in Ahmad Ansaari urtu#i saidin Al'aamiu li Ah0aamil =uraanunder the a#)=e Aayat: L?#n

A##aas and ataadah 9Radhiyallahu anhuma said:/hen you

are complete !ith your -alaah then e5ert yourself in duaa andas0 (im your need$%

A#d (in 8umaid and ?#n asr added in their re")rt fr)m ,hah

haa@: 8nce you are complete !ith your F#r&"-alaah$%

21Al(ahrur Raaiq7 & 1 "& +1

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Allaamah Muhammad (in Ali Sh);@aani said in6at'hul =adeer:

8nce you are complete then e5ert yourselfataadah7 ,hah

haa@7 Muqaatil and Dal#i said: 7/hen you ha"e completed your6ardh -alaah then e5ert yourself !ith duaa unto your 3abb and

turn to (im for your need and (e !ill gi"e you$Mu5aahid als)

said the same&22

$&2 ?mam 8afi6 8aithami re")rted in )a*mau1 Ba!aaidfr)m

Muhammad (in A#i Kahya that he said: Abdullah >in Bubair

sa! a person !ith raised hands ma0ing duaa before completing

his -alaah$ /hen he completed his -alaah he [Abdullah >inBubair] said: 7erily 3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4ne"er lifted his hands until only after completing his -alaah$%

Ta#arani ;h) titled it )uhammad >in Abi ?ahya Al'Aslami7

and he de.lared its narrat)rs t) #e thi#aatrelia#leH&

? the C)m"iler7 M)ulana A#dul 8afee6 Ma@@i 8afi6ahullahH say:

L8afi6 ?#n 8a5ar said in 9ataai*ul Af0aar 92!31: EThis is a

(adeeth'e'(asan&> 8afi6 Suy))ti said in 6adh'dhul /iaa after

.iting this 8adeeth: E?ts narrat)rs are thi#aat&

$&3 Allaamah Muhaddith Shai@h A#dul /attaah A#u Ghuddahsaid in his detailed ann)tati)n )f the a#)=e 8adeeth .ited in $&2H

in the treatise )f Shai@h Allaamah Muhammad Ahdal Kamaani-unniyyatu 3afil ?adain fid &uaa: LAm)ng the -haahids

su"")rting AhadeethH )f the 8adeeth )f A#dullah (in Pu#air

.ited7 is the )ne menti)ned earlier talee#an fr)m Ut#iyyahI the

statement )f ?mam Maali@: I sa! Aamir >in Abdullah >inBubair raising his hands !hilst sitting after -alaah ma0ing

22 )>s $&1$&3 are qu)tati)ns fr)m Istihbaabud &uaa badal 6araaidh7""&- and 13&

2


53/72

duaa$%A""arently7 this "ra.ti.e )f Aamir ;as ad)"ted fr)m the8adeeth )f his father7 A#dullah (in Pu#air re")rted #y Aslami&

$&4 ?t is re")rted fr)m A#u 8urairah that Ras))lullah 9Sallallahualaihi ;a sallam raised his hands after ma@ing Salaam ;hilst

fa.ing the i#lah7 and he said: 8 Allah; 6ree /aleed >in

/aleed Ayyaash >in 3abeeah -alamah >in (ishaam and the!ea0 )uslims !ho cannot scheme [a !ay to free themsel"es] and

nor do they 0no! the routesF sa"e them from 0uffaar'capti"ity$%

?#n A#i 8aatim and 8afi6 ?#n Datheer in his Tafseer 1! -23

Surah isaa7 Aayat 1&23

$& ?mam 8afi6 ?#n Datheer said inAl'>idaayah !an 9ihaayah

9+! 32-: LAnd indeed Alaa ;as am)ng the eminentAalims and

Aabids)f the Sahaa#ah and )ne ;h)se du>aas ;)uld #e a..e"ted&

?t s) ha""ened in this .am"aign that they .am"ed at a .ertain

"la.e& They had n)t e=en set u" .am" ;hen their .amels fled ;ith

all the "r)=isi)ns they ;ere .arrying in.luding their tents anddrin@& They ;ere left )n that gr)und ;ith n)thing #esides the

.l)thes they ;)re& And it ;as night time& They .)uld n)t

re.a"ture a single .amel& The .)n.ern and grief that )=ert))@

them is indes.ri#a#le& They started im"arting their final ;ill t)

ea.h )ther as death seemed ine=ita#leH&

Just then the messenger )f Alaa .alled )ut& They .ame t) him

8a6rat AlaaH& 8e said: L' %e)"leO Are y)u n)t MuslimsF Are y)un)t in the %ath )f Allah TaQalaF Are y)u n)t the 8el"ers )f Allah

Ta>alaF They re"lied: LBhy n)tF ?ndeed ;e areO 8e 8a6rat

AlaaH then said: LThen re5)i.e7 f)r Ballah7 ne=er ;ill Allah TaQala

a#and)n th)se ;h) #ear the qualities y)u #ear&

The Athaan ;as then gi=en f)r /a5r Salaah ;hen da;n .ame& 8e

led the army in Salaah& 'n.e he .)m"leted the Salaah he sat in

23Thalaathu Rasaail li A#dil /attaah A#i Ghuddah7 "&13

3


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the a>dah ")siti)n and e=ery)ne sat in that ")siti)n& 8e 8a6ratAlaaH engr)ssed himself in du>aa ;ith hands raised& =ery)ne did

as he did until the sun r)se& They started t) l))@ at the rays )f the

sun shining in su..essi)n& (ut he 8a6rat AlaaH remainedengr)ssed in du>aa& After s)me time they suddenly sa; .l)se t)

them a huge ")nd ;hi.h had a""eared mira.ul)usly #y the

.)mmand )f Allah TaQala ;ith fresh s;eet ;ater& 8e 8a6rat AlaaHg)t u" and ;ent t) it f)ll);ed #y his men& They dran@ and

#athed& ?t ;as n)t l)ng thereafter that the .amels returned7 als)

thirsty in sear.h )f ;ater& This then ;as am)ng the mira.les and

signs )f Allah TaQala that "e)"le ;itnessed in this "arty&

C)lle.ti=e du>aa )f the ?mam and Muqtadis ;ith raised handsafter /a5r Salaah is .learly "r)=en in this 8adeeth&

Ta@e a l))@I and may Allah #e mer.iful unt) y)uO 8ad .)lle.ti=e

du>aa ;ith raised hands after /ardh Salaah #een a de=iant bidah

inn)=ati)nH7 the Sahaa#ah )f Ras))lullah 9Sallallahu alaihi ;a

sallam ;a Radhiyallahu anhum ;)uld ne=er ha=e "ra.tised it&/urtherm)re7 this grand sign and .)ns"i.u)us mira.le ;)uld n)t

ha=e materialised and Allah ;)uld n)t ha=e aided them in that

situati)n& erily the nusrahaid!su..)urH )f Allah Su#haanahu ;a

Ta>ala d)es n)t .)me )=er bidaat7 0huraafaat7 and dhalaalaat

inn)=ati)ns7 n)nsensi.alities and de=iant a.tsH& ?t the9usrah)f

AllahH is )nly )=er righte)us7 merit)ri)us and esta#lished"ra.ti.es )f the Shariah7 as is @n);n&

/allahu Alam&24

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!hom the most acceptable to me is .mar that 3asoolullah2-allallahu alaihi !a sallam4 forbade -alaah after 6a*r till

Ishraa# time and after Asr till )aghrib$%(u@hari and Muslim2

11. The P&a%ti%e "# T-" Raaats 9e#"&e a*h&i3 Fa&dhis N"t ())at "& (staha3

11&1 Taa))s re")rts that ?#n Umar 9Radhiyallahu anhu ;as as@eda#)ut the t;) Ra@aats "re.eding Maghri#& 8e 9?#n Umar re"lied:

I did not see anyone during the time of 3asoolullah 2-allallahualaihi !a sallam4 performing it$%A#u ,a;))d2+

11&2 ?t is re")rted f)rm Jaa#ir 9Radhiyallahu anhu that he said:

/e en#uired from the !i"es of 3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !a

sallam4 if they had seen 3asoolullah 2-allallahu alaihi !asallam4 performing the t!o 3a0aats before )aghrib -alaah$ They

replied: 79o e5cept .mme -alamah !ho said: 7(e read it by me

once so I as0ed him !hat the -alaah !as< (e 2-allallahu alaihi

!a sallam4 replied: 7I forgot to read t!o 3a0aats before Asr$ I

ha"e performed the t!o 3a0aats no!$%Ta#araani

11&3 A#dullah (in (uraidah re")rts fr)m his father that a#i

9Sallallahu alaihi ;a sallam said: >et!een e"ery Athaan and

I#aamah there is some -alaah besides )aghrib$%(a66aar20

/r)m s)me quarters as"ersi)ns ha=e #een .ast )n this 8adeeth&8);e=er7 Allaamah Pafar Ahmad Uthmaani 9Rahmatullahi Alaih

has th)r)ughly re#utted all the false .laims and =erified the

8adeeth t) #e )f the(asan .ateg)ry& SeeIlaaus -unanf)r the

details&

2/athul adeer7 1!202+11&2 and 11&3 ha=e #een re"r)du.ed fr)m /athul adeer7 &1 ""& 3--!$&20?>laaus Sunan7 2!+4


56/72

1!. Isti-a alal A&shWhe&e is Allah Taala

12&1 The issue )fIsti!a alal Arshis menti)ned in se=en Surahs7

=i6& Surah A>raaf7 Surah Kunus7 Ra>d7 Taha7 /urqaan7 Sa5dah and8adeed&2-

The f)ll);ing Tafseer )f Isti!a alal Arsh a""ears in Tafseer

)u0ammal >ayaanul =uraan under the Aayat in Surah A>raaf:

6"1O$2&()$-$P8&>$0&Then (e established 2and manifested4 (imself on the Arsh2!hich resembles the Throne of a ,ing in a manner befitting (is

-ublime >eing4$%

This is "re.isely the =ie; )f theumhoor -alaf '=er;helming

ma5)rity )f the /)rmer UlamaH7 i&e&:

The nature )fIsti!a alal Arshis entrusted t) Allah TaQala&

,el=ing in the reality )f it is "r)hi#ited&

This "r)hi#iti)n is )nly l)gi.al #e.ause the human mind isin.a"a#le )f .)m"rehending it the reality )f Allah TaQala>s

Isti!aH& This is li@e a "ers)n #)rn #lind #eing ad=ised t) refrain

fr)m del=ing int) the nature )f .)l)ur sin.e he ;ill n)t #e a#le t)

.)m"rehend the .)n.e"t and reality )f .)l)ur&

Be sh)uld n)t .)m"are 8is Allah TaQala>sHIsti!at) )urIsti!a7f)r indeed the nature )f an attri#ute differs in relati)n t) the

h)lder )f the attri#ute& Paid Esettling> s)me;here is n)t li@e the

mind settling )n an issue& Similarly7 Elength> d)es n)t al;ays ha=e

the same meaning& The length )f a sti.@ is n)t the same as the

length )f night7 n)t;ithstanding the fa.t that #)th Esettling> and

Elength> are in their literal sense in the t;) e*am"les menti)nedH&

2-?mdaadul /ataa;a7 &+7 "&3$

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57/72

Bhen the )usta!i that is7 the (eing Bh) has esta#lished and

manifested 8imself )n the ArshH is unfath)ma#le in 8is ssen.e7

8isIsti!a;ill li@e;ise #e unfath)ma#le& Thus7 there is n) ;ay t).)m"are 'ne Bh)se reality is unfath)ma#le ;ith an entity ;h)se

reality is fath)ma#le& K)ur Isti!a is in.)n.ei=a#le f)r Allah

TaQala&2$

12&2 The safest .)urse is t) a#stain fr)m "r)#ing this issue and

t) lea=e the meaning )f it t) Allah TaQala&

The a""r)a.h )f the illustri)us -alaf i&e& %rede.ess)rs7 /)rmerUlamaH ;as that the 9usoos ur>aani. Te*ts and Ahadeethhere referen.e is t) the alleg)ri.al te*tsH are in their literal senses&

8);e=er7 the nature and essen.e )f it are n)t @n);n&3

12&3 Isti!aand .lu!


58/72

12&4 ,ire.ti)n f)r Allah TaQalaH is negated traditi)nally andrati)nally& ?n traditi)n7 )n the #asis )f the Aayat: There is none

li0e unto (im$%

Rati)nally7 f)r this reas)n that dire.ti)n is .reated and n)n

eternal7 ;hereas Allah TaQala is "ure fr)m the attri#ute )f

e"hemerality7 as the su#stratum )f e"hemerality is als)e"hemeral&32

12& Bhen as@ed in this regard7 ?mam Maali@ 9Rahmatullahi

alaih e*"lained it in the f)ll);ing #eautiful mannerH: Isti!a is

0no!n the manner is un0no!n del"ing into it is bidat and beliefin it is incumbent$%Marginal )tes )f9ibraas;ith referen.e t)-harhul 6i#hil A0bar#y Mulla Ali aari33

The bidat and dhalaalat 9inn)=ati)n and de=iati)n )f the

m)dernist Salafis are thus manifest fr)m ?mam Maali@>s

statement& They ha=e raised and da##led in this issue ;ith)ut fear

f)r the deli.ate nature )f the su#5e.t7 thus e*")sing their ?maanand the ?maan )f un;ary Muslims t) 0ufr& May Allah TaQala

"r)te.t us fr)m transgressing the limitsO

12&+ This #rings us t) the questi)n: /here is Allah TaalaiUl))m t) dis.uss the issue is fraught ;ith "erils f)r )ur ?maan&

And7 e=en if ;e ")ssessed dee" @n);ledge )f the Shariah and?slami. S.ien.es7 then t)) ;)rds la.@ the s.)"e t) des.ri#e this as

;ell as all the ?nfinite Attri#utes )f Allah A66a ;a A>laa&

The minimum requirement is that ;e #elie=e in the f)ll);ing:

Allah TaQala de.lares: East and !est belong to (im$ Thus

!here"er you turn the 6ace of Allah is there$%

32?#id7 "& 233?#id7 ""&3! 1

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59/72

Thus7 the6ace of Allah Taalais e=ery;here& ?n ;hat ;ay and in

;hi.h manner is n)t )ur .)n.ern& ?n fa.t7 it is @ufr t) "r)#e the

details&

Allah TaQala de.lares: >e a!are that indeed (e encompasses

e"erything$%

Thus7 e=erything is surr)unded and en.)m"assed #y 8im&)thing es.a"es 8im and n)thing is #ey)nd 8im& This mu.h ;e

#elie=e and it is "art )f )ur .ateg)ri.al /aith& 8); 8e

en.)m"asses e=erything is #ey)nd the limit )f )ur finite minds&

Allah TaQala de.lares: And (e is !ith you !here"er you

are$%

The a#)=e Aayat als) asserts the %resen.e )f Allah TaQala t) #ee=ery;here& Be d) n)t @n); the 0aif )r manner and nature )f 8is

"resen.e& This is the #elief )f the illustri)us S))fiyah ;h)m theSalafiyyah 9Salafis target ;ith slander& The s.)"e )f this treatise

d)es n)t "ermit a detailed re#uttal )f the Salafi slander le=elled

against the h)n)ura#le S))fiyah and )ashaai0h of Tasa!!uf&

'ur "ur")se here is sim"ly t) "r)=ide the essential dalaail and#asis f)r the )ath'hab and)asla0)f the 8anafiyyah7 S))fiyah

taqleed and salafism

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