RURAL AND RURAL AND URBAN URBAN

TANZANIATANZANIA

Vs.

80% of the population

20% of the population

DISPARITIES WITHIN TANZANIA RURAL vs.. URBAN

Rural Case Study

Kigoma Region(1 million in the

region)

Urban Case Study

Dar Es Salaam(3 million in the city)

Chankele Village in Kigoma District

Main street in Dar Es Salaam

DISPARITIES IN HEALTH Health statistics 2003 - Summary of key statistics

Indicator of Health Rural Ave.Urban Ave.

Access to health services72% 99%Infant mortality rate 115/1000 45/1000Access to safe water 56% 96%Access to adequate 62% 78%sanitation

HIV and AIDS is one of Tanzania’s biggest

health concern at present – estimated at 8% of population.

A wall painting educating about HIV/AIDS.

HEALTH - RuralDispensary at Chankele Village

New dispensary built in 2003 in Bubungo Village (UNDP funding)

Basic bed in Bubungo’s new village dispensary

Very basic first aid service:•No/few drugs.•One doctor - if lucky.•Nurse - little formal training.•Not all services are free.

Most use traditional medicines

HEALTH - UrbanAga Khan Hospital building in Dar Es Salaam

Hospital sign shows available services

Aids patient in urban hospital room

• Range of services offered.• Specialised with large number of doctors and nurses.• Range of drugs available.• Only 2% use traditional doctors.• Patients are charged:$1 - $10 per day

SANITATIONIn Kigoma villages… Water collected from

either springs or village taps (tanks).

Long drop toilets. Bathing in rivers. 56% have access to

safe water.

School toilets at Bubungo Village

Women collecting water and washing clothes in Bubungo Village

Malaria is a big problem for rural people

SANITATION

In Dar Es Salaam... Water delivered via trucks. 75% have communal taps in suburbs. 20% have household taps -

(inner city National Housing). Access to flush toilets, shower/bath facilities. Ave. 95% have access to safe water.

“maji” means water in Swahili

Bathroom facilities in Dar Es Salaam inner city home

Cholera is biggest problem for Dar residents in

the wet season

DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE

ROADS

In Kigoma region…

1% of roads paved. Clay roads become

slick in wet season. Few roads connecting

villages. Damage to vehicles.

Main road linking Tanzania with Burundi

Road to hotel in Kigoma township

DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE

ROADS

In Dar Es Salaam... 45% of Roads paved. Many roads linking Dar

with other urban areas. Unaffected by wet

season. Less damage to

vehicles.

Main road leading to Dar

Road leading to University

DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE

Power and PhoneIn Kigoma villages…. 2% of population has

power in the home. 95% use Kerosene &

Wood for cooking & light. No phones in villages -

some chiefs have mobile ph.

Village hut typical kitchen

WHY?Cost to connect power to home is $300US ($300US is average yearly income in rural areas).Government has no income to invest in telephone lines and phone lines. Little maintenance on existing lines.

DISPARITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE

Power and Phone

In Dar Es Salaam… 60% have access to

power. Cell phone use is

increasing dramatically:1996 - # of cell Ph = 15,000

2003 - # of cell Ph = 227,000Cell Ph tower and powerlines are a common sight in Dar.

Small electric oven in a

poorer socio-economic area

of Dar

HOUSING In Kigoma villages... Housing mostly mud brick

and thatch roof. Ave. number of rooms = 3 Ave. number of people = 6 In wet season, homes

become damp. Generally last 10 - 50 years.

- need constant maintenance

Recently more homes are being constructed with concrete and iron roofing.

A typical home in rural Kigoma - Chankele village

Abandoned home in Chankele

Land free but mud hut can cost up to $1000NZ to build

HOUSING

In Dar Es Salaam... Housing materials longer lasting e.g.

concrete/tiles. More amenities - toilet inside.

Very western in style.

A middle class home in Dar suburbs - built by owner.

An upper class area in Dar - Oyster Bay. Full security etc

Govt. built housing in inner city.

(NBC housing)

Rent for 3 bedroom home is

60,000 Sh or $120NZ per month. This is cheap for urban area.

DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION…

Education statistics 2003 - Summary of key statistics

Highest Level of Education Rural Ave. Urban Ave.No education 30% 7%Primary School 66% 68%Secondary School 3% 17%University/Diploma 0.1% 3%Other 0.9% 5%

Secondary school costs US$60 - $300 per year. In rural areas 25% of villagers have to travel more

than 20 kilometres to nearest secondary school.

EDUCATIONRURAL AREAS 100 students per class. Lack of teachers. Some villages have no

secondary schools nearby. Most don’t pay fees.

URBAN AREAS More choice as range of

school facilities (private). More teachers. More resources as

students can afford materials/fees.Private school in Dar Es Salaam

Local school at Chankele Village

EDUCATIONRURAL AREAS No university facilities. 0.1% obtain a university

qualification. Rare to have the income

that could support a child studying at this level.

URBAN AREAS Some Universities. 3% obtain a university

qualification. Expensive – up to

US$3000 per year to attend.

The main University in Dar Es Salaam.

These universities are recognised internationally and the Govt. sponsors the brightest students to attend.

RURAL / URBAN EMPLOYMENT

What jobs do you think will earn the larger, more reliable income? Why?

Local fisherman drying his fish for market.

Owner of a Stationary Shop in Dar Es Salaam.

Brewery factory in Dar Es Salaam employs large numbers of workers.

Coffee plantation – a common crop in rural areas.

DISPARITIES IN EMPLOYMENTSummary of key ideas Rural communities based about primary

employment In Kigoma 91% work in agriculture. Urban has more secondary and tertiary jobs

In Dar Es Salaam 40% work in agriculture.

Types of paid employment common in

Tanzania include:Rural Urban

Farm labourer Sales personMechanic Taxi Driver

SecretaryAccountant

Rural people selling food and other products to travellers on trains.

In just an image can we see the difference between rural and Urban?

just look for yourself…

A group of children in Dar Es Salaam.

A group of children in Chankele Village – Kigoma Region.

What are the differences in these 2 photos – and therefore in these

children's lives?

SUMMARY OF KEY IDEAS

URBAN AREAS Wealthier Higher Literacy Better health care More developed infrastructure Better housing conditions More tertiary/secondary

employment Overall urban centres give

people higher standard of living

RURAL AREAS Poorer Lower Literacy Lower health care Little infrastructure available Poor standard of housing Only primary employment

(farming) Overall rural areas have a

lower standard of living