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Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide

What is a Tankless Water Heater?

How do Tankless Water Heaters work?

Selecting a Tankless Water Heater

 Tankless Water Heater Installation and Maintenance Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers

 Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide Video

What is a Tankless Water Heater? Tankless Water Heaters, also called Instantaneous or Demand Water Heaters,

provide hot water only as it is needed. Traditional storage water heaters produce

standby energy losses that cost you money. We do not leave our homes heated

while vacationing. We only heat our homes when there is a demand for heat. In the

same way, a Tankless Water Heater is used only when there is a demand for hot

water.

How do Tankless Water Heaters work? Tankless Water Heaters heat water directly

without the use of a storage tank. Therefore,

they avoid the standby heat losses associated

with storage water heaters. When a hot water

tap is turned on, cold water travels through a

pipe into the unit. In an electric TanklessWater Heater an electric element heats the

water. In a gas-fired Tankless Water Heater a

gas burner heats the water. As a result,

 Tankless Water Heaters deliver a constant

supply of hot water. You don't need to wait for

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a storage tank to fill up with enough hot water. Typically, Tankless Water Heaters

provide hot water at a rate of 2 – 5 gallons (7.6 – 15.2 liters) per minute. Typically,

gas-fired Tankless Water Heaters will produce higher flow rates than electric

 Tankless Water Heaters. Some smaller Tankless Water Heaters, however, cannot

supply enough hot water for simultaneous, multiple uses in large households. For

example, taking a shower and running the dishwasher at the same time can stretch

a Tankless Water Heater to its limit. To overcome this problem, you can install a

“whole house” type Tankless Water Heater or install two or more Tankless Water

Heaters, connected in parallel for simultaneous demands of hot water. You can alsoinstall separate Tankless Water Heaters for appliances—such as a clothes washer or

dishwater—that use a lot of hot water in your home.

Other applications for Tankless Water Heaters include the following:

• Remote BBQ or outdoor sink

• Poolhouse or pool shower

• Remote bathrooms or hot tubs

•  To serve as a booster, eliminating long pipe runs, for solar water heating

systems, dishwashers and sanitation.

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For homes that use 41 gallons or less of hot water daily, Tankless Water Heaters

can be 24% – 34% more energy efficient than conventional storage tank water

heaters. They can be 8% – 14% more energy efficient for homes that use a lot of 

hot water, around 86 gallons per day. You can achieve an even greater energy

savings of 27% – 50% if you install a Tankless Water Heater at each hot water

outlet.

Selecting a Tankless Water HeaterBefore buying a Tankless Water Heater, consider the following:

1. Fuel Type

2. Location, Size and Demand

3. Application

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1. Fuel Type 

 The first thing that you'll need to decide when selecting a Tankless Water Heater is

the fuel type. You will need to select between an Electric Tankless Water Heater

(like Eemax Tankless Water Heaters or Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters) or a

Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater (like Rheem Tankless Water Heaters).

• Requirements for Electric Tankless Water Heaters

•

Requirements for Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters

If you plan to purchase an Electric Tankless Water Heater, consider the ElectricalRequirements:

• Voltage

• Amperage

• Circuit Breaker

Voltage

Many retailers sell units that will accommodate 110V, 120V, 208V, 220V, 240V, and 277V.

Amperage

Different Electric Tankless Water Heaters will have various requirements in amp draw. You willwant to ensure that you can support the electrical demands of your Electric Tankless Water Heater.

Circuit Breaker

You must ensure that you have a circuit or circuits that will support your Electric Tankless Water Heater. It may be necessary to put your Electric Tankless Water Heater on its own circuit or 

circuits.

You should consult with a qualified, licensed electrician for more information.

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If you plan to purchase a Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater, consider the Gas-Type and VentingRequirements:

You will first need to identify whether your gas type is Natural Gas or Propane. It is imperitive that you examineyour current gas line to ensure that it will meet therequirments of your new Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater.

The requirements of the Tankless Water Heater may exceedthat of your existing tank-style water heater.

 Next, you will need to consider venting requirements for your specific installation scenario. There are a few importantthings to keep in mind when purchasing the gas ventingaccessories for your Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heater.

Be sure that you purchase Category III stainless steel(UL1738 certified) venting for your Gas-Fired TanklessWater Heater. "Type B" venting accessories are notacceptable. Also, be sure to check local building code toensure that your specific needs will be completely met.

Additionally, many Tankless Water Heater manufacturersoffer gas venting "kits". It is recommended that customersevaluate the needs of their specific installation to ensure thatthey will be getting all of the necessary gas ventingaccessories. Depending on where you will be installing theTankless Water Heater, a pre-made kit will probably not meetyour needs. Ensure that you measure out the vent route andconsider where the discharge will go through the wall or 

ceiling, consider the necessary clearances, and consider ample access to air for combustion, then buy the appropriate gas venting pieces. *Note: Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters may stillrequire a minimal electrical connection. Be sure to review installation requirements for the units

you are considering for purchase.

2. Location, Size, and Demand 

When deciding which Tankless Water Heater to purchase, you will also need to

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consider where you will need hot water. Are you looking for a unit that will heat the

water at one bathroom sink (single point application), an entire bathroom

(multipoint application), or an entire house, apartment, or condo (whole house

application)? It is important to recognize the number of fixtures that will require hot

water. Each fixture will have its own demands. The chart below illustrates the

typical flow rates (demand) for some standard fixtures:

Typical Flow Rates in Gallons per Minute (gpm)

Fixture

 Type

Lavato

ry

Bathtu

b

Showe

r

Kitchen

Sink

Pastry

Sink

Laundry

Sink

Dish-

washer

Flow

Rates0.5

2.0 –

4.0

1.5 –

3.01.0 – 1.5 1.5 – 2.5 2.5 – 3.0 1.0 – 3.0

 The flow rate is especially important, since Tankless Water Heaters will generate a

temperature rise based on the flow rate demanded.

For example, a Stiebel Eltron Tempra 12, running on 240 Volt power, will raise the

water temperature by 54°F at 1.5 gpm, 36°F at 2.25 gpm, and 27°F at 3.0 gpm,

above the ambient incoming water temperature, up to 125°F.

A larger unit, like the Stiebel Eltron Tempra 36, running on 240 Volt power, will raise

the water temperature by 92°F at 1.5 gpm, 92°F at 2.25 gpm, and 82°F at 3.0 gpm,

above the ambient incoming water temperature, up to 125°F.

Temperature Rise Based on Flow

Rate, Up to 125°F

Flow Rate 1.5 gpm 2.25 gpm 3.0 gpm

 Tempra 12 54°F 36°F 27°F

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 Tempra 36 92°F 92°F 82°F

 This means that if you

are using a 1.5 gpm

shower and a 1.5 gpm

kitchen sink

simultaneously, a total

demand of 3.0 gpm,

the Stiebel Eltron

 Tempra 12 will raise

the temperature 27°F,

whereas the Stiebel

Eltron Tempra 36 will

raise the temperature

82°F.

Next, you should look

at your ambient incoming water temperature. If you live in a cold climate, like New York, your incoming water temperature will likely be much lower than if you live in a

warm climate, like Florida. Your best bet is to find out how much temperature rise

you will need in order for your hot water to reach the desired heat. If the ambient

incoming water temperature for your shower is 65°F, you are using a 2.0 gpm

shower, and you want to raise that temperature to 115°F, you will want to look for a

 Tankless Water Heater that will provide at least a 50°F temperature rise at 2.0 gpm

(115°F - 65°F = 50°F). However, if you anticipate additional simultaneous demand,

such as the hot water from a sink being used while someone is showering, you will

need to add the sink's gpm to the shower's gpm in order to determine your overall

gpm demand and then find the temperature rise necessary to meet your overall

needs.

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60° F

Incoming

Water

2

gpm

Show

er

110° F

Desired Output

Water

 Temperature

 You will need a Tankless Water

Heater that produces a 50°F

temperature rise at 2 gpm

3. Application 

 You may have a specific application in mind for your Tankless Water Heater. Here

are a few examples of the different models and their functionality for a specific

application:

Single Point Application

A single point application is one where only one fixture will require an Electric

 Tankless Water Heater. Here are some examples of Single Point Electric TanklessWater Heaters:

Eemax Single Point Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Stiebel Eltron Point of Use Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Chronomite Instant-Flow SR Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Eemax Flow Controlled

 The "Flow Controlled" range of water heaters from Eemax are ideally suited to serve

two points, like two sinks, in close proximity. Here is an example of Flow Controlled

Electric Tankless Water Heaters:

Eemax Flow Controlled Electric Tankless Water Heaters

 Thermostatic

 The Thermostatic Tankless Water Heater serves as a booster for temperature loss

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from long pipe runs, dishwashers and sanitation. Thermostatic units are good for

applications where precise temperature control is essential; such as schools,

hospitals and laboratories. Here are some examples of Thermostatic Electric

 Tankless Water Heaters:

Eemax Thermostatic Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Stiebel Eltron DHC-E 8 Electric Tankless Water Heater

Stiebel Eltron DHC-E 10 Electric Tankless Water Heater

Eemax Series Two

Eemax Series Two units are ideally suited for residential showers, entire bathrooms,

smaller houses, condos, summer cabins and apartments. They will also

accommodate industrial boosters, higher flow rate applications such as wash down

stations and higher flow rate accurate temperature control applications such as

photo labs. Here is an example of Eemax Series Two Electric Tankless Water

Heaters:

Eemax Series Two Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Whole House Indoor Use

Larger Whole House units are designed to serve an entire house, apartment, condo,

or cabin, where multiple points of use will exist. Here are some examples of Whole

House Electric Tankless Water Heaters for Indoor use:

Eemax EX280T2T Series Three Electric Tankless Water Heater

Stiebel Eltron Tempra Series Electric Tankless Water Heaters

Rheem Indoor Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters

Whole House Outdoor Use

Larger Whole House units are designed to serve an entire house, apartment, condo,

or cabin, where multiple points of use will exist. Here are some examples of Whole

House Electric Tankless Water Heaters for Outdoor use:

Rheem Outdoor Gas-Fired Tankless Water Heaters

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Tankless Water Heater Installation and MaintenanceProper installation and maintenance of your Tankless Water Heater can optimize its

energy efficiency.

Proper installation depends on many factors. These factors include climate and local

building code requirements. You should have a qualified, licensed plumbing and

heating contractor install your Tankless Water Heater.

Do the following when selecting a contractor:

• Request cost estimates in writing

• Ask for references

• Check the company with your local Better Business Bureau

• Confirm the company will obtain a local permit, if necessary, and understandslocal building codes

Be sure you contractor first consults the manufacturer’s installation and instruction

materials. Manufacturers usually provide the necessary installation and instruction

manuals with the product. Your contractor should also contact your municipality for

information about obtaining a permit, if necessary, and about local water heater

installation codes.

Many Tankless Water Heaters have a life expectancy of more than 20 years. They

also have easily replaceable parts that extend their life by many more years. In

contrast, storage water heaters last 10 – 15 years.

 You should consult the manufacturer's website or literature, such as the manual, for

detailed warranty information.

Periodic water heater maintenance can significantly extend your water heater's lifeand minimize loss of efficiency. Read your owner's manual for specific maintenance

recommendations.

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Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers There are many manufacturers of  Tankless Water Heaters, including those below:

Eemax Tankless Water Heaters 

Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters 

Chronomite Tankless Water Heaters 

Rheem Tankless Water Heaters 

Bosch Tankless Water Heaters 

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Bradford White Electric Water Heaters 

 You may also want to review Gas Venting accessories for your Gas-Fired Tankless

Water Heater:

ProTech Systems Gas Venting 

Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide Video

 Tankless Water Heater Buying Guide Video 

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Circulator Pumps, Condensate Pumps, Power Tools, Hand Tools, Safety Equipment 

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