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SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetiSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetiSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetiSoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti samxreTsamxreTsamxreTsamxreT----dasavleT saqarTvelos samecnierodasavleT saqarTvelos samecnierodasavleT saqarTvelos samecnierodasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero----kvleviTi kvleviTi kvleviTi kvleviTi

centricentricentricentri aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saarqivo aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saarqivo aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saarqivo aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saarqivo

sammarTvelosammarTvelosammarTvelosammarTvelo

Tamaz futkaraZeTamaz futkaraZeTamaz futkaraZeTamaz futkaraZe

Qqorwili imerxevSiQqorwili imerxevSiQqorwili imerxevSiQqorwili imerxevSi

gamomcemloba

,,SoTa resTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~ baTumi-2009

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naSromi eZRvneba tao-klarjeTSi mcxovrebi qarTve-lebis saqorwino urTierTobebis Seswavlas. misi miza-nia mkiTxvels gaacnos ucxo eTnikur garemoSi mcxov-rebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis sazogadoebriv-socialuri urTierTobebis calkeuli sakiTxebi, ojaxisa da qor-winebis roli erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi.

naSroms safuZvlad daedo samxreT-dasavleT saqarT-velos samecniero-kvleviTi centris mier organizebuli kompleqsuri samecniero eqspediciebis dros avtoris mier Sekrebili savele eTnografiuli monacemebi, rom-lebic Sejerebulia specialur samecniero literatu-rasTan.Ffotomasalebi warmodgenilia samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-kvleviTi centris fondebidan.

naSromi daainteresebs eTnologebs, istorikosebs, folkloristebs, TurqeTSi, iransa Tu saingiloSi mcxovreb Tanamemamuleebs, saqarTvelos istoriiT dain-teresebul farTo sazogadoebas.

redaqtori: mamia faRava recenzentebi: ramaz surmaniZe, malxaz CoxaraZe gamomcemloba ,,baTumis universiteti”

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qorwineba qorwineba qorwineba qorwineba SavSeTSavSeTSavSeTSavSeT----imeimeimeimerxevrxevrxevrxevis qarTvelebSiis qarTvelebSiis qarTvelebSiis qarTvelebSi ucxo eTnikur garemoSi mcxovrebTaTvis qorwineba

erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis erT-erTi um-Tavresi faqtoria.Ees bunebrivicaa, radgan eTnikuri TviTSegnebis SenarCunebis ZiriTadi ujredi ojaxia, ojaxis safuZveli ki qorwineba. swored ojaxSi, am Zi-riTad socialur ujredSi xdeba tradiciebis, adaT-wesebis, moralur-zneobrivi normebis memkvidreobiT ga-dacema (gociriZe g. 1987:13).

saqorwino urTierTobis Sesaxeb qarTul eTnologia-Si uamravi aRwerilobiTi masala Tu samecniero naS-romi daiwera. Aam TvalsazrisiT fasdaudebeli wvlili miuZRviT r. xaraZes, i. Wyonias, a. robaqiZes, m. beqaias, n. maCabels, T. ivelaSvils, g. gociriZes, v. iToniSvils, r. TofCiSvils, l. meliqiSvils, n. xarCilavas da sxva mkvlevarebs. mniSvnelovania g. yazbegis, d. baqraZis, T. saxokias, s. makalaTias, Nn. xizaniSvilis, a. oCiauris, S. futkaraZis da sxva avtorTa aRwerilobiTi monacemebi. literaturis aseTi simravlis miuxedavad ar arsebobs qorwinebis srulyofili aRwera yvela kuTxis mixedviT. istoriul saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamu-leebis socialuri urTierTobis sakiTxebi bolo drom-de aravis gauxdia kvlevis sagnad, ufro metic, ar arse-bobs qorwinebis eTnografiuli aRwerilobac ki. Cveni amocanaa, CveneburTa saqorwino urTierTobebSi warmova-CinoT ZvelqarTuli wes-Cveulebebisa da ritualebis kvali, erTmaneTs SevadaroT TurqeTis saqarTvelosa da Tanamedrove saqarTvelos saqorwino wes-Cveulebani, movZebnoT msgavsi magaliTebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis sinamdvilidan. zogjer ama Tu im rituals aqvs Turquli saxelwodeba, Sinaarsi ki qarTulia. Aamitom, iseTi ritualebisa da wes-Cveulebebis dafiqsireba gvixdeba, romlebic qarTul yofaSi transformire-bulia an sruliad gamqrali, magram SemorCenilia Tur-qeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi. am ,,dakonservebuli” masa-lebiT osmalobamdeli saqorwino tradiciebis rekonst-

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ruqciacaa SesaZlebeli. am TvalsazrisiT uaRresad sainteresoa bazgireTis wylis xeoba, sadac SemorCe-nilia qarTuli yofisa da kulturis arqauli elemen-tebi, dakonservebulia qorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli ZvelqarTuli adaT-wesebi da tradiciebi. 2005 wlis zafxulSi (23 ivlisi, 4 agvisto) samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-kvleviTi centris iniciativiT SavSeTSi moewyo kompleqsuri samecniero eqspedicia (xelmZRvaneli prof. mamia faRava), ris Sedegadac mogveca SesaZlebloba sakuTari TvaliT gvenaxa da Cagvewera unikaluri eTnografiuli monacemebi.

bazgireTis wylis xeoba mdebareobs istoriul sa-qarTveloSi, SavSeTis raionSi (farTobi 13,7 kv. km; mo-saxleoba - 38.558, sofeli-69). mdinare bazgireTis wyali imerxevis wylis marjvena Senakadia. Aam xeobis yvela sofelSi (ziosi, zaqieTi, ube, daba, xevwruli, bazgi-reTi) –mkveTradaa gamoxatuli qarTuli yofisa da kulturis zogadqarTuli Taviseburebani rogorc sameurneo saqmianobis, ise materialuri kulturis da sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis TvalsazrisiT. Ees gan-sakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia Caketil xeobebsa Tu miuval sofelSi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom Turq mosaxleobasTan Tanacxovreba momavalSi ver daicavs Cveneburebs ucxo yofiTi elementebis SemoWrisagan, mag-ram arc sakuTari tradiciebi iqneba miviwyebuli. amis Tqmis saSualebas iZleva CveneburTa yofaSi dRemde Se-monaxuli arqauli elementebi, warmarTuli, qristia-nuli da islamuri samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavi-seburebis sinTezi, Zvelis da axlis simbiozi. amdenad sakiTxis Seswavlas aqvs zogadTeoriuli mniSvnelobac. igi did samsaxurs gauwevs Cvens taoklarjel Taname-mamuleebsa (erovnuli cnobierebis gaRviveba-ganmtkice-ba) da Tanamedrove qarTvel istorikos-eTnologebs, axalgazrda mklevarebs istoriuli saqarTvelos tra-diciul-yofiTi kulturis sakiTxebiT dainteresebis TvalsazrisiT.

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ojaxi da qorwineba CveneburebSi ganixileba, ro-gorc qarTvelobis SenarCunebis erT_erTi umniSvnelo-vanesi piroba. ojaxis Seqmnisas Cveneburebi upirate-sobas qarTvelebs aniWeben: ,,daqorwinebixan gurjina iTxuo da lapariki ar gedeereva, ojaRi gurji darCeba. dedac gurji myaven da mamac, imiTvin vici gurjije” (S.futkaraZe, 1993:178). motanili magaliTidan naTelia rom ojaxi da qorwineba aqaurebSi ganixileba, rogorc erovnuli TavisTavadobis SenarCunebis umniSvnelova-nesi faqtori da emsaxureba qarTvelobis dacvis inte-resebs. Aam TvalsazrisiT isini bavSvebisaTvis qarTuli enis Seswavlas aniWeben udides mniSvnelobas: ,,kaY iq-neba gurjijes aswavlebdeT baRvebsa” (respondenti iusufeleli abdul yanTaroRli). mTxrobeli mSobliu-ri enis SeswavlaSi udides mniSvnelobas ojaxs aniWebs, Tumca aSkarad igrZnoba garkveuli SiSi saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa. ustamiseli jelal demiris TqmiT ,,agze rom gaWra (migviTiTa mklavze), Cemi sisxli qar-TulaY daweravs. gurjebTan jehenebSic (jojoxeTSi) waval, me ar meSinia, hama meSinia, Cem baRveb rame ar uqnan”.

tradiciul wes-Cveulebebs, rwmena-warmodgenebs, enas, qarTuli materialuri kulturis Zeglebs Cvene-burebma daakisres eTnikuri funqcia. maT awuxebT qarTuli kulturis Zeglebis Seryvna-aoxreba, romel-sac adre axorcielebda TurqeTis xelisufleba. respo-dentebi tbeTis taZris dangrevas qarTuli kulturis Zeglebis mimarT TurqeTis oficialuri xelisuflebis damokidebulebiT xsnian. xelisufleba adre zRudavda qarTvelTa erTad Seyris yovelgvar gamovlinebasac. isa alTuni (sof SerTuli) mogviTxrobs: ,,festival adre uCumalad vakeTebdiT, mTavroba gviSlida. Ggurjis sama (cekva) iyo, magram arTvinis cekvas eZaxdnen _ qarTuls ver ityodi. Ffestival Cumad vakeTebdiT, rom gurjeb erTmaneTi gegvecno, pirvelad festivali 1980 w. gakeTda axmed melaSvilis ufrosobiT. man uCumalad Camoitana qarTuli anbani, tyeSi uCumalad Sekriba Cveni xalxi da

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uTxra: ama da am dRes SevyaroTna sama (cekva) _ simRe-raze. Aamitom mokles axmed melaSvilio.” respodentis dakvirvebiT qarTuli anbanis Seswavlis msurvelTa raodenoba dRiTi dRe mcirdeba, rasac igi miawers qarTvelTa migracias qalaqebSi, Tumca mTavar pasu-xismgeblobas mainc ojaxs akisrebs: ,,Turqebis mizani iyo Cveni gaTurqeba. Eena akrZales, wigni gurjebis akrZales da aqamde movediT. Cveniani ityvis: ,,Turqi var, hama gurjic varo. Oosmalos badiSi varo. saidan xar misi badiSi meTqi_ver mebneva. Aaq arian ximSiaSvilebi, aTabagebi, ar ician gurjuli. Ggunduzas vebnevi, Sen aTabagi xar, qarTveli, ar ijerebs. Aadre rom mTavro-bis akrZaluloba ar yofiliyo, ar gaTurqdebodnen.” erTi respodenti ar malavda aRSfoTebas imis gamo rom ver SeZlo Svilebis dasaqmeba, radgan isini atarebdnen qarTul saxelebs.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, istoriul saqarTveloSi SeiZleba gamoiyos 1)1)1)1) qarTulenovani da qarTuli cnobierebis; 2) qarTulenovani da qarTuli cnobierebis; 2) qarTulenovani da qarTuli cnobierebis; 2) qarTulenovani da qarTuli cnobierebis; 2) Turqulenovani _ qarTuli cnobierebis; 3) gaorebuli Turqulenovani _ qarTuli cnobierebis; 3) gaorebuli Turqulenovani _ qarTuli cnobierebis; 3) gaorebuli Turqulenovani _ qarTuli cnobierebis; 3) gaorebuli cnobierebcnobierebcnobierebcnobierebis (,,Turqi var hama gurjiis (,,Turqi var hama gurjiis (,,Turqi var hama gurjiis (,,Turqi var hama gurji varvarvarvar”) da 4) asi”) da 4) asi”) da 4) asi”) da 4) asi----milirebuli qarTvelebimilirebuli qarTvelebimilirebuli qarTvelebimilirebuli qarTvelebi.... niSandoblivia rom qarTuli ena, kultura da zogad qarTuli cnobiereba SemorCe-nilia im sofelsa Tu ojaxebSi sadac qorwineba efuZ-neba ,,sisxlis siwmindis” dacvis princips.

dasaqorwinebel vaJs imerxevlebi, `deliyans~, xolo daqorwinebas _ ,,dasaxlebas” eZaxian. aRniSnuli ter-minebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli mTiani aWaris sinamdvi-leSi. gaTxoveba-daqorwineba xdeba ufrosobis princi-piT. ojaxis gayofa-ganawilebac am princips efuZneba. daqorwinebuli Zma ,,garigdebagarigdebagarigdebagarigdeba” (gaiyofa) mxolod meore Zmis daqorwinebis Semdeg, rac sameurneo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli Sromis organizaciis TaviseburebebiT aris ganpirobebuli.

Tanamedrove periodSi qal-vaJis qorwinebis asaki 18 welia. asakgadacilebul, gauTxovar qals ,,damCalsdamCalsdamCalsdamCals” (darCenils) eZaxian. adre saqorwino asakis aTvla 13-14 wlidan iwyeboda. dRes arasrulwlovanis nebayoflo-

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biT gaTxovebis SemTxvevaSic ki gogos ukan daabruneben da ar gaaTxoveben manam, sanam ar Seusruldeba 18 weli. qalis motacebis SemTxvevaSi axloblebi mdgomareobas arTuleben. Serigebis sanacvlod iTxoven garkveul Tanxas. molaparakebis (,,razisrazisrazisrazis”-Tanxmoba) SemTxvevaSi saqmros manc axdevinebdnen Tanxis garkveul nawils. msgavs situaciaSi zogan mimarTavdnen SurisZiebis sxva-dasxva formebs, Tumca SavSeT-imereTSi sisxlis aReba ar scodniaT (jafariZe S., 1986:63). ,,motaceba zoriTaa (ZaliTaa), Ya WalaSia, Ya gzaSia baqalaY da meitaceben, hama zogjer baqalaY misiT geiqceva,’’ mogviTxrobs respodenti. erTi xalxuri leqsi gamoxatavs ,,gaqcevis’’ msurveli qalis gancdebs:

,,Cafulebi gimifwda, axla vinda miyidos ameRam da geviqce, kari vinda gimiRos.’’ qalis ,,gaqcevaSi’’ xelSemwyobis rols zogjer deda

an mezobeli asrulebda, rac xSirad gamxdara ukmayo-filebis mizezi. konkretul SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT gamoTqmuli leqsis mixedviT daniSnuli gogos ,,gaq-cevas’’ muxsenam (deda) Seuwyo xeli. Gganawyenebulma sa-dedamTilom qalis dedas mkacrad mosTxova pasuxi:

Se muxsenav, Se pirSavo, ra uyav Cemi dedofali, -dilas avdeq, Sin ar iyo, me ra vici i Zunkali -tyvilad nuRa ficavo, Se somexo, Se foSao, wuxel dilamde vitire, nuTbos kiTxe Cemi hali Svilebis gaTxoveba_daqorwinebaSi gadamwyvet rols

asruleben mSoblebi. alie SublaZis TqmiT ,,adre baqalas (gogos) da RarWs (biWs) aravin ar ekiTxeboda” gaTxoveba-daqorwinebas, ,,is ufro kaY wesi iyo, axla RarWi ar gvidinglavsgvidinglavsgvidinglavsgvidinglavsoooo (ar gvismens).” Ggogos gamorCeva xdeba sxvadasxva drosa da garemo pirobebSi, magram ga-saTvaliswinebeli iyo axalgazrdebis fizikuri mowifu-loba. xalxis rwmeniT mowifulobis asakSi qal-vaJs daesizmrebaT sapirispiro sqesis axalgazrda da siz-marSi masTan amyareben sqesobriv kavSirs. Ees aris maTi fizikuri da sqesobrivi mowifulobios maniSnebeli. aseT axalgazrdebs Cveneburebi ,,TavmoswriTavmoswriTavmoswriTavmoswrilebslebslebslebs” uwode-

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ben. sayuradReboa, rom sqesobrivi mowifulobis aRsa-niSnavad igive termini gamoiyeneba aWaraSi. qarTlSi mas ,,SeRerebuls’’, guriaSi ki ,,moRerebuls” eZaxian. ,,Tav-moswra”-qalis sqesobrivi mowifulobis asaks emTxveva. aWaraSi ,,Tavmoswrili” qaliSvili Caicvamda iseT Casac-mels, rom sxvisTvis SesamCnevi yofiliyo misi gaTxo-vebis SesaZlebloba.

Ddroul qorwinebasTan dakavSirebiT imerxevSi Se-morCenilia zogad qarTul sinamdvileSi farTod gav-rcelebuli gadmocema, romlis mixedviT Tavmoswril axalgazrds samuSaoze guli aucruvda. Sewuxebulma mSoblebma daiwyes bWoba Svilis gazarmacebis mizezis Sesaxeb. erT saRamos colma qmars Svilis daqorwineba moTxova.

-ki mara, niSani riT vuyidoTo-ikiTxa qmarma. -ii, Wreli dekeuli rom gvibia axorSi is davklaTo. biWi Turme ismenda am saubars, ramac mas Sromis

xalisi daubruna, magram roca kvlav gaWianurda misi daqorwineba, dedas Tavad Seaxsena: ,,Wreli dekeulis ambavi ratom dagaviwydaTo.”

sapatarZlos gamorCevaSi prioriteti eniWeba dedas, das, zogjer rZalsac, aseve axlo naTesavebs. ,,baqalas” ,,gamosarCevad” zogjer RarWic (biWic) iaqtiurebs. ,,ga-morCevisas” gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba qalis mixvedrilobas, sisufTaves, warmomavlobas da a.S. borCxeli qarTvelebi ,,baqalas” mixvedrilobis Sesamow-meblad karTan daagdeben cocxs. Qqali Tu cocxs aiRebs, ,,gamodgeba”, Tu ara da daiwuneben. SesaZloa qa-li daiwunon im SemTxvevaSic, Tu misi mSoblebis xelebze SeniSnaven mouwesrigebel frCxilebs, ojaxSi usufTaobas da a. S.

alie SublaZis TqmiT misi momavali meuRle eqremi stumrad misula sasimamros ojaxSi ise, rom misi misvlis namdvili mizezi aravisTvis gaumxelia: ,,movda CemTan, me ar vicodi, megem Cemi danaxva undoda. wylis dasalevad gevda, hama me ar gimiSves - ar diginaxoso. ise davrCi udunaxavi, dienaxa, belqi ar mevewonebodi.

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wevda udunaxavi.” aseT SemTxvevaSi vaJs SeeZlo daxma-reba eTxova gogos mezoblis an romelime naTesa-visaTvis: ,,erTi emiaSvili (biZaSvili) myavda, imisTvin SuuCivlia, ver devnaxeo. imas uTqvams: dila rom gax-deba, tanTrafas (aivani) dagvis da deinaxeo. arabaSi (avtomanqana) Sigan Sesula, iqidan damco da diminaxa”. gadamwyveti sityva mainc mSoblebs ekuTvnodaT: ,,babom (mama) biWi deinaxa da es meiwadina, me ar mkiTxa, maT Taxums (sanaTesaos) icnobda”. mowonebuli gogos an vaJis Sesaxeb informacia maTi vinaobis, jiSis ,,nesli-varesis” gakiTxvagakiTxvagakiTxvagakiTxva iqauri qarTvelebisTvisac saqorwino urTierTobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani safexuri iyo.

Qqal-vaJis bedis gadawyvetisas dedis Zmis azrs, iseve rogorc aWaraSi da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTa-Si, aqac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda. qorwi-nebis konkretul SemTxvebSi iTvaliswineben socialur mdgomareobas da qonebriv momentsac.

Ggogos mowonebis Semdeg SearCeven elCs. elCoba imarTeboda xuTSabaTs, saRamos saaTebSi. xSirad elCo-bas samamamTilo sakuTar Tavze iRebda. SesaZloa elCi dedis Zma, sxva romelime naTesavi, mezobeli an gavle-niani piri yofiliyo. Ees ZiriTadad maSin xdeboda, Tu vaJs ar hyavda mama. Turquli mosaxleobisagan gansxva-vebiT (pirvelsave elCobaze miaqvT tkbileuli) gurjebs pirvel dRes araferi ar miaqvT qalis saxlSi. elCoba SesaZloa gaxangrZlivebuliyo, Tumca zogjer or-sam elCobazec SeiZleboda sakiTxis gadawyveta, gansakuTre-biT maSin Tu sasiZos ojaxi iyo mdidari: “Tu zengili (mdidari) xar, erT mislaY moqcemen.” elCobebs Soris erTi kvira mainc unda gasuliyo. Tu elCad misvla daemTxva vaxSmobas, maSin sufras gauSlian, sxva Sem-TxvevaSi vaxSams ar SeTavazeben. elCobis saRamos go-gos momsaxureba, stumrisaTvis wylis an yavis mitana Tanxmobis niSania. zogjer elCoba ise Caivlida, rom gogos mis Sesaxeb araviTari informacia ar hqonda. SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi elCi tovebs niSnis beWeds (Nisan yüzügü ,,niSan uzugi”). daiTqmeba niSnobis dro.

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niSnis mitana SeiZleba nebismier dRes. daTqmul dros qalis ojaxSi amzadeben sxvadasxva saxis saWmelebs: eriStas, makarinas, xaviws, moxrakuls, qofTes (dakepili xorcisgan Semwvari mwvadi). winaT niSnobaze alkoholi miuRebeli iyo, nawilobriv dResac asea, Tumca zogan ,,dasalevi dugunis qorwilis saabzea”. niSnobaze dam-swreTa raodenoba gansazRruli araa. RonisZiebas esw-rebian rogorc vaJis, ise qalis axlobel-naTesavebi da sapatarZlosaTvis miaqvT rogorc Casacmeli (urba), ise samkaulebi-oqros saaTi, samajuri, sayureebi da a.S. maTi raodenoba aucileblad kenti unda iyos. dedo-fals Cuqnian agreTve fulsac (vinc ramdens gaimetebs). Sesabamisad sapatarZloc damsaCuqrebels ajildoebs saCuqrebiT, upiratesad mis mier moqsovili windebiT, aseve maisurebiT, moqarguli ,,iazmiT” (Tavsaburavi), pirsaxociT da a.S. SavSeTSi gavrcelebuli xalxuri leqsis mixedviT sasiZo Txovs sacoles mouqsovos misnairi windebi:

gaRma ferdSi gelebi, da lamazi Éielebi mec aYni momiqsue aYni (erTnairi) gvqondes Wrelebi. aWaris sinamdvileSi niSnobis dRes sapatarZlos

ojaxSi mihqondaT tkbileuli, zogjer gamomcxvari ,,luxumi”, romelTagan ramodenimeSi mZivebi iyo moTavse-buli. Lluxumi mxolod patarZals unda SeeWama. zogan patarZals siZis daleuli Wiqidan SarbaTs daalevi-nebdnen an mis monakbeC tkbileuls SeaWamdnen. aRniS-nuli Cveuleba siyvarulze Tanxmobis niSania.

es wesi aWaris mTaSi arsebuli Cveulebis erT-erTi variaciaa, roca qals vaJi mis mier mokbeCil vaSls ugzavnida. es aspeqti aisaxa xalxur folklorSi: ,,sa-TamaSo vaSli mqonda, Sensken gadmomigorda, me Tu gZulvar, sxvaY giyvars, Tavic amogivarda.” vaSli figurirebs Turqebis, berZnebis, somxebis saqorwino ceremonialSi. Nn. mgelaZis mtkicebiT, vaSlis simboli-ka bibliuri motivis amsaxvelia. igi rogorc ganxeT-qilebis Camgdebi simbolo, Tavs iCens adaTobrivi samarTlis saritualo sistemaSi. TavSeyris adgilebSi

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ubralod myof pirTa Sexvedrisas vaSlis gagoreba maT Soris SuRlis Camogdebisa da mtrobis niSani iyo (futkaraZe T., 2001:87).

niSnobidan qorwinebamde periodi adre SeiZleba 5 wlamdec gaxangrZlivebuliyo. dRes es periodi Semcir-da ramodenime Tvemde an kviramde, Tumca calkeul SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba erTi an ori Qweli gagrZel-des. imerxevis xeobis calkeul sofelSi qal-vaJi qorwinebamde saerTod ar xvdebian erTmaneTs - ,,hiC ar diminaxavs, ar vicnobT, Cem ana-babos mowonda. demenaxa mindoda hama, Cumsac ar viRebdi”- mogviTxrobs respo-denti. Cveni dakvirvebiT istoriuli saqarTvelos zogi-erT sofelSi dRemde unda iyos SemorCenili simamris saxlSi daniSnuli qal-vaJis Sexvedris Zveli adaTi, romelic qarTul eTnologiaSi niSanlobis niSanlobis niSanlobis niSanlobis saxeliTaa cnobili. respodentebi am sakiTxze pirdapir pasuxis gacemas gaurbian an uaryofen aRniSnuli institutis arsebobas. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom qorwineba sazogadoebrivi yofis metad faqizi sakiTxia da gareSe kaci mis Sesaxeb ver miiRebs amomwurav informacias, Tumca CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxze pasuxis gacema mainc moxerxda. oTar futkaraZis cnobiT (imerxevSi imyofeboda 1990 wels) niSanloba farTod yofila gavrcelebuli yviralas xeobaSic. misi informaciiT sasiZos dedoflisaTvis pirbadis axdis ufleba manam ar misces, sanam garkveuli raodenobis Tanxa ar gadaaxdevines. ,,neni, pirbadis axdaSi amdeni fuli rom gamoarTves, danebeba ra daujdeba siZes?” –ukiTxavs moridebiT Cvens informators. ,,magi neni kai xania moTavebulia. Cven niSanloba viciT - 2-3 weli.” am drois ganmavlobaSi saqmro dadis sacolis ojaxSi da masTan wvebao. aRniSnulis Sesaxeb saintereso informa-cias gvawvdis n. Mmaric. exeba ra qorwinebis sakiTxebs, igi aRniSnavs, rom molaparakebis dasrulebis Semdeg qalis ojaxSi imarTeba lxini, xolo Semdeg saqmro ,,rCeba uaxloes naTesavebTan erTad, am dros pirvelad sacoles Cadrs axdian pirze, amis Semdeg sacolis

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saxlSi, rogorc qmari, rCeba sami dRe, mas qals ane-beben. sami dRis Semdeg qmari miemgzavreba, xolo coli rCeba saxlSi mSoblebTan ori Tve an or wlamdec ki” (jafariZe S., 1996:63). amitomac iSviaTi ar iyo qalis mamisave ojaxSi dafexZimeba da mSobiaroba. aWaraSi niSanlobis periodSi gaCenil bavSvs moferebiT sasesasesasesase----llllasasasas (naadrevi) eZaxdnen. asakovan xalxs dResac axsovsT qorwinebis es metad saintereso momenti, romlis gavr-celebis areali marto saqarTveloTi ar Semoifarg-leboda. igi sxvadasxva variaciiT dasturdeba mravali xalxis yofaSi da im epoqis memkvidreoba unda iyos, roca qorwilis Semdeg qali kvlav mSoblebis saxlSi rCeboda (Косвен М., 1960:121).

niSnobis dRes an Semdeg (rZlis miyvanamde, mefe-dedoflis Seyramde) sruldeba qorwinebis oficialuri gaformebis rituali, romelic ,,aRdis qnis//gaWrisaRdis qnis//gaWrisaRdis qnis//gaWrisaRdis qnis//gaWris” (jvriswera) saxeliTaa cnobili. imerxevSi mas ,,imam imam imam imam niqahsacniqahsacniqahsacniqahsac” uwodeben. am ritualze mefe-dedoflis das-wreba aucileblobas ar warmoadgens. adre maT amis Sesaxeb arc atyobinebdnen. aRdis gaWris ceremoniali sruldeba ara jameSi, aramed erT-erTi meqorwilis saxlSi. xoja Sedis calke oTaxSi, eZaxis qal-vaJis warmomadgenlebs, raTa maTgan miiRos Tanxmoba dasaqorwinebelTa veqilebis Taobaze. Tanxmobis Semdeg xoja kiTxulobs - raime mizezi xom ar aris, romelic xels SeuSlis qorwinebas. veqilebi valdebuli arian aRiaron simarTle. maT swamT rom simarTlis Tqmis SemTxvevaSi (mag. avadmyofobis) axalgazrdebs moexsne-bodaT xelisSemSleli mizezebi. amis Semdeg xoja kiTxulobs locvas, qal-vaJs col-qmrad acxadebs da maT warmomadgenlebs dasalevad gamoatans ,,nakiTx” wyals. aRdis gaWris gareSe qal-vaJis SeuRleba moux-del codvad iTvleba. xalxis rwmeniT codvili iqneba maTi Svilic. qal-vaJis fizikuri siaxlove mxolod ,,aRdis gaWris’’ Semdegaa SesaZlebeli. xojis mier wa-kiTxuli locvis Sinaarsis mixedviT qorwinebas akurT-xebs alahi da miesalmeba axalgazrdaTa daojaxebas.

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locva iTvaliswinebs ,,mehri muejjilismehri muejjilismehri muejjilismehri muejjilis”- garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdas colis mSloblebisaTvis gayris an gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi. musulmanur jvriswerasTan (axdis qna) dakavSirebiT interesmoklebuli ar iqneba Sesadarebeli masalis warmodgena mTiani aWaris, kerZod Rorjomis sinamdvilidan. aRniSnul xeobaSi gavrcele-buli tradiciis mixedviT am ritualis Sesrulebis dros qaliSvilis ,,gasaRebisgasaRebisgasaRebisgasaRebis’’ mizniT mSoblebis mier avadmyofobis (Tu daavadebulia) damalva ojaxis daSlis mizezi xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi qalis motanili mziTevi Suaze iyofa.

Rorjomis xeobaSi orgvari ,,axtia’’ gavrcelebuli: ,,nedlinedlinedlinedli” da ,,xmeli’xmeli’xmeli’xmeli’’. pirveli-qalis ojaxSi qorwilis msgavsad keTdeboda, meore ki ,,jameSi iqneboda’’. axtTan dakavSirebul xarjebs vaJis mxare ixdida (d. bolqvaZe, (futkaraZe T., 2004:130.)

uvaJo ojaxSi moZmeebis TanxmobiT da amave dros Zmebisa da biZebis maT qonebaze pretenziis Tavidan acilebis mizniT ,,ojaRi rom ar galendes’’ adgili aqvs CasiZebasCasiZebasCasiZebasCasiZebas. CasiZebas vaJis mxridan ganapirobebs ekonomi-kuri xelmokleoba da mravalvaJianoba. sxva gvaris kacis CasiZebis SemTxvevaSi zesiZes simamris gvari unda mieRo. am SemTxvevaSi gamosasyidi Tanxis gadaxda saWi-ro aRaraa. minimaluria sxva xarjebic. CasiZebas Cve-neburebi ,,siZeobad wasvla,,siZeobad wasvla,,siZeobad wasvla,,siZeobad wasvlassss,’’ xolo CasiZebuls zogjer ,,gaTxovilsacgaTxovilsacgaTxovilsacgaTxovilsac’’ eZaxian, rac mis daqvemdebarebul mdgomareobaze metyvelebs. CasiZebulis mdgomareobis dasaxasiaTeblad aqac yvebian ,,qaTmiparia’’ melias ambavs, romelic qaTmebis patronma fexebiT Camokida da qvemodan cecxli SeunTo, magram misi mdgomareobiT dainteresebul melias upasuxa: ,,fexebiT Camomkides, qvemodan cecxli daminTes, magram CasiZebuls mainc vjobivaro’’.

daniSvnis asaki sxvadasxva iyo. arsebobda dabadebam-de da akvanSi niSnoba. aseT SemTxvevaSi mTavari iyo mSoblebs Soris winaswari SeTanxmeba, romlis darRve-vac did codvad iTvleboda. niSnis mitana ki xdeboda

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da xdeba saqorwino asakis miRwevis Semdeg. msgavsi mov-lenebi dasturdeba aWaraSi da saqarTvelos sxva kuT-xeebSic, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom am zogad movlenas osmalTa batonobam daumkvidra araqarTuli termini-,,beSiqerTmabeSiqerTmabeSiqerTmabeSiqerTma”. aseT SemTxvevaSi saWiro aRar iyo gamosas-yidis - ,,baSluRisbaSluRisbaSluRisbaSluRis” gadaxda. gamosasyidi – qalis Sro-miTi SesaZleblobebis gadasaxadia, romelmac msoflios bevri xalxis yofaSi uZvelesi periodidan daikava Tavisi adgili. islamma xeli Seuwyo mis konservacias. Mmdidari sasiZos elCs uadvildeba Tavisi movaleobis Sesruleba da SesaZloa sakiTxi erTi misvliTac ga-dawyvitos. Ddebis an Svilebis gacvlis SemTxvevaSi ,,baSluRis’’ gadaxda aRar iyo saWiro. Tanamedrove pi-robebSi gamosasyidis gavrcelebis geografiuli area-li Semcirda, Tumca igi kvlav ganagrZobs arsebobas. qorwili (qor. saxli, wil-kuTvnili wili, e.i. saxlis wili axaldaqorwinebulTaTvis) tardeba weliwadis yve-la dros. Cven gvqonda SesaZlebloba 30-ivniss (2005w.) davswrebodiT qorwils sofel bazgireTSi da sakuTari TvaliT dagvefiqsirebina CvenTvis saintereso Tavisebu-rebani. gameSeTis meheledan (bazgireTis ubani) emine yai (gameSiZe) Txovdeboda bazgireTel aihan seCerze (ienCa-riSvili). emine yai daniSnuli iyo erT wlis ganmsvlo-baSi. siZe tradiciulad simamris ojaxSi gamarTul saqorwino ceremonialSi monawileobas ar iRebs. is patarZals elodeba saxlSi, Tumca bolo dros siZis ,,misvla’’ qorwilis dRes sacolis ojaxSi sircxvilad aRar iTvleba. qorwilis wina dRes sapatarZlos ojaxSi gzavnian mayars (axloblebi, mezoblebi 15-20 kacis SemadgenlobiT). zemoT dasaxelebul qorwilSi mayars gamoayoles sasiZoc. sapatarZlos wina dRiT moamzade-ben, miyavT ,,berberSiberberSiberberSiberberSi’’, (saloni), mouwesrigeben Tmis varcxnilobas, warbebs da a.S did sircxvilad iTvleba siZis xalxSi gamoyvana. is martod, mxolod mamidis TanxlebiT zis calke oTaxSi da elodeba ceremoniale-bis dasrulebas. kategoriulad dauSvebelia sapatarZ-losa da sasiZos Sexvedra mamiseuli saxlidan wayva-

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namde. mayarTagan erT-erTs miaqvs inainainaina. igi dedofals xelSi Caudebs ,,alTuns’’-oqros yelsabams, Semdeg ki inas. Ddedofali xels manam ar gaSlis,sanam oqros ar Caudeben. dedofals misi erT-erTi ded-mamiani naTe-savi, wriulad wausvams inas xelis gulze, TiTebze, Semdeg xels ,,moaxuWineben” da ,,wiTel farCas’’ (xel-TaTmans) ,,wamuacvamen”.

aRniSnuli rituali borCxisa da murRulis raio-nebSi ,,yina gejesyina gejesyina gejesyina gejes” saxeliTaa cnobili (yina//ina, ge-je//Rame). mamiseul ojaxSi wayvanamde erTi dRiT adre sasiZosTan erTad patarZals stumroben vaJis axlob-lebi. imarTeba lxini. sapatarZlos daaJenen oTaxis SuaSi, gars uvlian cekva-simReris TanxlebiT. erTad acekveben siZe-dedofals, Semdeg ki gogos daaxureben ,,fulian iazmas” (Tavsaburavs) da Tavze daadeben sanTelanTebul sins (unda iyos imdeni sanTeli, ramdeni wlisacaa sapatarZlo). sadedamTilom qals ina unda daados, magram qali xels ar gaxsnis manam, sanam xelis gulSi fuls ar Caudeben. amis Semdeg qals xelis gulze, xolo vaJs neka TiTze adeben inas wriulad. ,,yina gejes” ceremoniali sruldeba simReris TanxlebiT:

,,maRal-maRal mTebidan, saxli ar dadgan, iabanj (ucxo) memleqeTSi gogo ar mice yina meitane ane (deda), TiTi daawe ane, ameRam musafiri (stumari) var, Cem ukan dawe ane” ina islamur samyaroSi farTod gavrcelebuli saga-

nia. Mmas aqvs rogorc samkurnalo-kosmetikuri (amagrebs Tmis Zirebs, spobs Tebos... sxvaTaSoris Savi saRebaviT Tmasa da ulvaSebs iRebaven SavSeli mamakacebic), ise magiuri funqciac. ina wiTeli ferisaa. wiTeli ferisaa agreTve dedoflis Tavsaburavi (vala). wiTeli feri eTnografiul literaturaSi manaTobeli RvTaebebis simbolo, maTi Tvisebebis gamomJRavnebis gamoxatulebaa (bardaveliZe v.,1953:130) am mosazrebas adasturebs isic, rom inas usvamen wriulad, rgolis saxiT, rac mnaTobTa wriul brunvas ukavSirdeba (bardaveliZe v.,

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1953:130). g. gociriZis azriT inas magiuroba ukavSirdeba xalxur rwmenas, ris mixedviTac mas adamianis avi sulisagan dacva, sxeulis jamrTelobis, uvneblobis, qorwinebis dros mosalodneli ,,sqesobrivi aqtis Caketvis’’, qalis uSvilobis Tu vaJis sqesobrivi uZ-lurobis winaaRmdeg moqmedeba miewereba (gociriZe g., 1987:85). igi farTodaa gavrcelebuli fereidaneli qarTvelebis yofaSic.

mayari mTel dRes atarebs sasiZos ojaxSi. Soridan mosul mayars mezoblebi an qalis naTesavebi gaaTevi-neben Rames. meore dRes mayari emzadeba sapatarZlos wasayvanad. patarZali miyavT saRamos, manamde ki imar-Teba saqorwino zeimi, cekva-simRera, romelSic monawi-leobs TiTqmis yvela meqorwile. SavSeTis qarTvelTa qorwili ramodenime dRes grZeldeba. Tu sameurneo saqmianoba ,,moTavebulia’’, maSin qorwili SeiZleba erTi kvirac gagrZeldes. mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi wydeba cekva-simRera, romelSic dakvirvebuli adamiani advilad SeamCnevs maT TvalebSi Cabudebul sevdas. imdenad STambeWdavia imerxevelTa cekvebi, rom saWirod migvaCnia mkiTxvels mivawodoT garkveuli informacia. aq gavrcelebul cekvebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT: xorumi, duzxorumi, Teqianebi, jinveloY}, Semorbe-nilaY, gazromilaY, xelgaSlilaY, bazgirulaY, yarSi-beri da a.S. TiToeuli cekva iwyeba ufrosis mimarT Tavaziani TavdakriT (jafariZe S., 1996:49) dasaxelebul cekvaTa umetesoba satrfialo xasiaTisaa.

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saqorwilo cekvebisaqorwilo cekvebisaqorwilo cekvebisaqorwilo cekvebi

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,,SemorbeniSemorbeniSemorbeniSemorbenilalalalaY’’ swrafi moZraobiT sruldeba. ,,gogo garbis, biWi ,,efecxeba’’, daeweva, Serigdebian da icekve-ben.’’

,,darTuladarTuladarTuladarTulaY’’ gogo narTs arTavs, vaJs unda siyva-ruli gaumxilos. yuradRebis miqcevis mizniT iyureba sarkeSi, ivarcxnis Tmebs, magram qali araviTar inte-ress ar iCens mis mimarT. sasowarkveTili vaJi cudad gaxdeba da Zirs daecema, gogos guli dawydeba, vaJs Seurigdeba da erTad icekveben.

,,xelgaSlilaxelgaSlilaxelgaSlilaxelgaSlilaY ‘’-cekvavs ori gogo mandiliT xelSi. cekvis damTavrebisas gogonebi mandils maT rCeuls ,,gaakraven’’. vaJebi mocekvave gogonebs fuls an rame saCuqars miarTmeven, xelgaSlili gars Semouvlian go-gonebs da icekveben.

,,bazgirulabazgirulabazgirulabazgirulaY’’-sruldeba simReriT: ,,daba da bazgireTi, zemodan zaqieTi, ori dRea aRar var, momsurda bazgireTi, sidevri bazgireli, modi CamarTvi xeli, sicocxleSi viaroT, janjiri bazgireTi’’ Cveni yuradReba miiqcia xorumma. misi TiToeuli

ileTi sruldeba mocekvaveTa grZnobebis emociuri gamo-xatvis fonze, amave dros SeuZlebelia ver SeniSnoT qarTvelTa istoriuli bediT ganpirobebuli tkivili da uzarmazari sevda, rac aSkarad gamoixateba TiToeu-li mocekvavis gamometyvelebaSi. cekva sruldeba Sesaba-mis JestikulaciiT da azartuli SeZaxilebiT: ,,miscxe-miscxe’’, ,,modi gadatydi’’, ,,ianze-ganze’’. xorumi zogjer simReriTac sruldeba.

,,SamSalaxo Salaxo, moglejilo balaxo, TeTri kaba gacvia, baqal ar gaatalaxo. SamSalaxo, Salaxo, moglejilo balaxo, meg baqala had migyavs, degewio gaglaxo”. an kidev: ,,barSi mivdiodi barSi, erbo damrCa maranSi. vincxaY naTqvam ver iTxovs, daberdes unda saxlSi”. drodadro xdeba Camuxleba, romelsac aqaurebi

,,buqnas” eZaxian. albaT am tkivilma aTqmevina cnobil

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poets zurab gorgilaZes gaxmaurebuli striqonebi: ,,xedav? ra boRmiT buqnaven, xorums klarjeli biWebio”.

imerxeuli (SavSuri) cekvebis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobas gvawvdis n. mari. igi aRwers ,,deli xoromsdeli xoromsdeli xoromsdeli xoroms”, ro-melsac cekvaven tbeTeli (exl. jevizli) axalgazrdebi. n. mari am cekvis aRwerisas iyenebs sityva ,,buqnas”. igi aRwers agreTve Turqul cekva ,,yarSi beri”yarSi beri”yarSi beri”yarSi beri”----s, romelSic monawileobs ori mocekvave. cekva sruldeba muclebis moZraobiT. n. maris TqmiT es unda iyos sasiyvarulo cekva, romelSic qalebs monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar qondaT. tbeTel axalgazrdebs n. marisTvis auxs-niaT, rom arsebula qalebis cekva ,,vardavardavardavarda”, romelsac isini gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi cekvavdnen. Tu maTi axloblebi SeamCnevdnen misi colis an ojaxis wevri qalis cekvas ucxoTa TandaswrebiT, mas adgilze mok-lavdneno (jafariZe S., 1996:49.50).

patarZlis gamoyvanis molodinSi ezoSi meqorwi-leebTan siniT Camoatareben ,,Cerezs” (gatexili da Semwvari Txili). saqorwino sufra sapatarZlos ojaxSi mxolod Soridan mosuli stumrebisTvis Tu gaiSleba. 15-20 kacze gaTvaliswinebul e. w. ,,palataSi” dasajdom ficrebze ,,qilimebs” gaageben. sufraze gamoaqvT: qufTa (purisa da xorcis narevi), fasta (igive paska), biber dolma (pilpiris tolma), kakali lobio, flavi, Sem-wvari kartofili, salaTa, baqlava, biSi, boregi, reCeri (vardis muraba), xili. saWmels stumrebi miirTmeven saerTo TefSidan alkoholuri sasmeli iqaur qorwilSi miRebuli araa.

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saqorwino sufra (bazgireTi) dedoflis mamiseuli saxlidan gamoyvanas win usw-

rebs e. w. garigeba-vaWroba. sapatarZlos mxare moiTxovs yoCs an misi Rirebulebis Tanxas, romelsac umravles SemTxvevaSi rZals daubruneben (,,rZlis saxelze iqneba”). aqaurTa yofaSi dRemde SemorCa ,,seisxanaseisxanaseisxanaseisxana” karis dayris rituali. borCxaSi igi ,,yafi xarjis”yafi xarjis”yafi xarjis”yafi xarjis” saxeliTaa cnobili. vaJis mxarem unda gadaixados ag-reTve ,,rZis wilirZis wilirZis wilirZis wili” (rasac aWaraSi ,,ZuZus farasZuZus farasZuZus farasZuZus faras” eZaxian). igi ZiriTadad Casacmelis saxiT eZleva patarZ-lis dedas. mas meorenairad ,,suTaxsacsuTaxsacsuTaxsacsuTaxsac” uwodeben. ,,su-Taxi” zogjer niSnobis dros eZleva. sapatarZlos mxares garkveuli Tanxa unda gadauxadon agreTve patarZlisaTvis misi Zmis mier ,,wiTeli” (es feri ara erTxel figurirebs, romlis simboluri daniSnulebis Sesaxeb ukve visaubreT), yuSayis//qemeris Semoxvevisas (Zma samjer ,,Seecdeba” patarZlisaTvis qemeris Semoxve-vas, romelic ,,ar wvdeba” welze fulis gadaxdamde), saCuqrebisaTvis (windebi, iazma-qalis Tavsaburi), sade-doflo skivris gamotanisas (patarZals daaJenen skivr-ze da sanam garkveul safasurs ar gadaaxdevineben,

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manam ar micemen misi gareT gamotanis saSualebas). mamiseuli saxlidan gamoyvanis win mamamTili patar-Zals 3-jer daaJens baliSze da wamoayenebs, Tavze gadaayris Saqars, tkbileulobasa da xurda fuls. Ggarkveuli safasuris gadaxdis Semdeg sapatarZlos saxlidan gamoaqvT ,,jeizi,jeizi,jeizi,jeizi” (mziTevi).

mziTevis gamotana mziTevSi Sedis: logini, noxebi, Casacmeli, WurWeli

(,,yabi-yajaRi”), televizori da ojaxis saWiroebisaTvis aucilebeli sxva nivTebi. mziTevSi ataneben agreTve Zroxasac. maTi rwmeniT Tu mziTevSi Zroxa araa, mSoblis gardacvalebis Semdeg ,,suls ver uxseneb”, radgan qmris ojaxidan gacemuli sulis saxsenebeli gardacvlil mSoblamde ver miaRwevso. Qqalis ojaxi-saTvis fuliTa da sxva samaxsovro nivTebiT dasaCuq-reba miRebuli araa.

zemoT dasaxelebuli ritualis dasrulebis Semdeg patarZali Zmisa da dadeebis (xelismomkide) TanxlebiT gamoyavT ezoSi. patarZlis gamoyvanisas karebis orive mxares ,,miasoben Caqi danebs”. igive rituali srulde-boda vaJis saxlSic. savali gzis orive mxares ,,dayrian

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yurSumebs (tyvia) da nacars”, raTa mefe-dedofali daicvan ,,dakoWvisagan”.

patarZlis gamoyvana mamiseuli saxlidan meqorwileebi (bazgireTi)

musikosebi daukraven ded-mamis asatirebel ,,genil

buirums’’: ,,genilo, genilo, kariTavi maRali, nel-nela

gadmeiare,

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iaSi, iaSi, hani genilo yardaSi (sadaa Seni Zma) movdes, gedegexvios da itireT”. amis Semdeg sruldeba dedis, mamisa da qaliSvilis

ritualuri tirili. tirian axloblebic. patarZlis mama erTxel kidev moefereba Tavis qaliSvils, Semdeg gaismis ,,iol yaida’’iol yaida’’iol yaida’’iol yaida’’-s (gzis ,,yaida’’) musikaluri hangebi. mefe-patarZali, patarZlis Zma, misi coli da xelis momkideebi jdebian sadedoflo avtomobilSi. umravles SemTxvevaSi siZe sakuTar saxlSi elodeba patarZals. aWaraSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli samaxaroblo baliSis (muJda baliSi) gagzavna, romelsac maxarobels gaatandnen siZis ojaxTan mayris miaxloebis dros. es baliSi dedoflis mier iyo moqarguli.

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SuaSi Catanebuli hqonda sarke. naliasTan Camaluli siZe gamodioda gzaze maxaroblis moTxovniT. maxarobeli ,,awvalebda’’, bolos baliSs gauqnevda. Tu vaJi baliSs ver daiWerda, dacinvas daimsaxurebda. es baliSi daZvelebamde iyo Camokiduli dedoflis sawolTan. sarke, rogorc garegnobis amreklavi saSualeba, literaturuli monacemebis mixedviT dakavSirebulia sulTan. sarke zogierT xalxSi ukavSirdeba uaryofiT magias, bevrgan ki piriqiT–dadebiTi magiis sagania. Cvenis azriT, oTaxis kuTxeSi Camokidebuli baliSis sarkes uaryofiTi magiisagan mefe-dedoflis dacvis daniSnuleba hqonda. garda ritualur-sakraluri funqciisa, muJda baliSs praqtikuli daniSnuleba hqonda. pirveli sqesobrivi aqti swored muJda baliSze unda CaetarebinaT. mas daemCneoda qalwulobis niSnebi. ukmayofilebis an raime gaugebrobis SemTxvevaSi qali qmars mudmivad Seaxsenebda Tavis ubiwoebas: ,,Sen Semogwire Cemi qaliSviloba da pativiscemiT unda momeqceo”.

yofis es elementi bolo dromde iyo Semonaxuli aWaris mTianeTSi. imerxevSi Tanamedrove pirobebSi mi-si arsebobis faqti ver davadastureT, Tumca erT-erTi respodentis gadmocemiT igi ucxo ar yofila SavSeTis sinamdvilisaTvis.

bavSvebis mier mayrionisaTvis ,,gzis gadaketva” mniSvnelovani elementia imerxevelTa saqorwino urTi-erTobaSi. haerSi Tofis mravaljeradi gasroliT gamoi-xateba axaldaqorwinebulTa bednierebis survili da saerTo sixaruli. mayrebi erTmaneTs ejibrebian leqs-simRerebsa da SairebSi. qalis mayrebs vaJis mxare ,,godrianebsacgodrianebsacgodrianebsacgodrianebsac” eZaxian. qalis mayari meqorwileebs Sua gzaze SeaCerebs - ,,dagvCxveraodagvCxveraodagvCxveraodagvCxverao” (e.i. kuWi dagvewvao). am SemTxvevisaTvis winaswar gamzadebul qadas an sxva sakvebs Camourigeben qorwilis monawileebs. Tu patar-Zali manqaniT mihyavT, SesaZloa mZRols manqanac gaaCe-rebinon -,,manqanas sawvavi daelia da raxi an wyali moitaneTo”. sasiZos saxlTan mayrionis misvlisas vaJi

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,,adis yavarze”adis yavarze”adis yavarze”adis yavarze” (saxuravze). sadedoflo transportidan (manqana, cxeni) Camoyvanisas dedofals fexs dadgmevi-neben wiTelnaWergadafarebul Cabrunebul qvabze. qvabi muriani unda iyos. am ritualSi gamoixateba simagrisa (rkinasaviT magari) da jamrTelobis survili. simbo-luri daniSnuleba aqvs mursac. amiT isini patarZals icaven ,,avi sulebisa” da ,,Tvalis cemisagan”.

saxlTan myof dedofals siZe saxuravidan gadmoay-ris tkbileulsa da xurda fuls. siZes saxuravze ayveba ramodenime axlobeli, ZiriTadad biZaSvili da mamidaSvili. saxuravze asvlisas ,,godrianebi” (gogos mayari) cdiloben siZes fexSi Caavlon xeli da ar miscen saxuravze asvlis SesaZlebloba raime moTxovnis Sesrulebis gareSe. tkbileulis gadmoyris Semdeg siZes Tanmxlebi pirebi ramodenimejer gaisvrian haerSi.

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siZe ,,yavarze”

Semdeg qalis axloblebi simReriT moiTxoven saCu-

qars msxvilfexa an wvrilfexa pirutyvis saxiT, mas yurze gaukeTeben Sesabamis niSans da Txoven, rom es pirutyvi dedoflis saxelze daaban axorSi.

saxlSi Sesvlamde patarZalma marjvena fexiT (erTi dartymiT) unda daamtvrios yavis Wiqa. zogan finjanTan erTad gasatexad daudebdnen kovzsac.DTu dedofali erTi dartymiT ver SeZlebda maT damtvrevas, mis gver-diT mdgoms unda Seesrulebina es amocana. Cursinis azriT WurWlis gatexva qmris saxlidan boroti sulebis gandevnas emsaxureba (futkaraZe T., 2001:89). simboluri daniSnuleba aqvs agreTve patarZlisaTvis tkbileulisa da xurda fulis gadayras (rac mravali xalxis yofaSi gvxvdeba). tkbileuli - erTad, tkbilad daberebis survilis gamoxatulebaa, xurda fuli ki nayofierebas, rkinasaviT mtkice ojaxis SenarCunebas, siuxves, baraqianobas da axaldaqodwinebulTa avi su-lebisagan dacvas emsaxureba. xalxis rwmeniT, dedofal-ze gadayrili kamfetis baliSis qveS Semodebis SemTx-vevaSi dasaqorwinebel axalgazrdebs maTi momavali sa-bedo daesizmrebaT (sabedos amosacnobad sxva xer-xebsac mimarTaven: axalgazrda imerxevelebi vaSls ise gaTlian, rom ar gawydes naTali, Semdeg mas daaxveven da sizmaris naxvis imediT baliSqveS Semodeben; an kidev purs an mWads daayrian bevr marils, SeWamen da sabedo daesizmrebaT da a. S.).

patarZals pirvelad dedamTili esalmeba, pirSi Saqars Caudebs, Seiyvans ,,muTvaRSi,”muTvaRSi,”muTvaRSi,”muTvaRSi,” buxarSi (buxars, keras iq ,,ojaRsojaRsojaRsojaRs” eZaxian) Camokidebul ,,murian” jaWv-ze xels moakidebineben an fqvilSi Tu comSi Caayofi-neben da kedelze, keris Tavze (,,ojaRiTavSi”) Camoas-mevineben. patarZals zogjer lursmansac miaWedebineben. baraqianobis survilis gamosaxatavad beRelSi uyrian puris marcvals da locaven: ,,RmerTma RarWi mogces”,

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,,bevri icocxle”, ,,kacs ar weekinkloo”. dedoflis ,,odaSi Seyvana”, masTan siZis SeSveba, dedoflis oTaxi-dan xelismomkidis (dade) gamosvla da qal-vaJis mar-tod datoveba dadoflis Zmisa Tu xelismomkidisaTvis vaJisa da misi mamisagan Sesabamis Tanxis gadaxdas gulisxmobs.

Ddedofali ar erTveba saqorwino ceremoniaSi. is zis Tavis oTaxSi - (gerdegSi).gerdegSi).gerdegSi).gerdegSi). Mmas iqve gauSlian suf-ras, meqorwileebi ki - qalebi da kacebi - cal-calke jdebian saqorwino sufrasTan. zogjer qalebisa da kacebis lxini da garToba sxvadasxva dResaa. erT dRes mamakacebi erTobian, meore dRes qalebi.

meore saRamos sruldeba mefe-dedoflis fuliT dasaCuqrebis ceremoniali. axaldaqorwinebulTa dasa-Cuqrebis mizniT vaJis sanaTesaos erT-erTi warmomad-geneli meqorwileebSi ,,sins moaruniebs” romelzec ,,daiyreba” fuladi saCuqari. Semosuli Tanxis raode-noba xmamaRla gacxaddeba. vinc met fuls dadebs, is ufro Rirebul saCuqars miiRebs dedoflisagan (Ziri-Tadad mis mier moqsovili windebi, Tavsaburi da a. S.). aRniSnuli rituali warmoadgens uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciis ,,SabaSisSabaSisSabaSisSabaSis”saxenacval formas, romelic imer-xevelma qarTvelebma dRemde moitanes ,,baxSiSisbaxSiSisbaxSiSisbaxSiSis” saxe-liT. igi Semoinaxes fereidnelma qarTvelebmac ,,Sa,Sa,Sa,Sa----bosbosbosbos”saxelwodebiT (gociriZe g., 1987:130). mas garkveuli magiur-religiuri mniSvnelobac miewereba. SabaSis Segroveba xdeboda Sendegnairad: sxvadasxva gasarTo-bebs Soris qorwilSi erT-erTi TavSesaqcevi iyo ,,bastis Cabmabastis Cabmabastis Cabmabastis Cabma”. am TamaSis Semdeg meqorwileebi Sedian saxlSi da qeifoben. Sua qeifis dros qalebSi myof patarZals gaiyvandnen nefesTan, daukravdnen lekurs da naTlia acekvdeboda. am dros airCevdnen meSabaSes. igi TefSiT Camouvlida xalxs da SabaSis fuls akrebda. TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg patarZali Tavis adgils ubrundeboda, meSabaSe ki Ffuls daiTvlida da Semo-suli Tanxis raodenobas xmamaRla gamoacxadebda (maCa-beli n., 1978:64).

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SabaSis Sesaxeb cnobas gvawvdis e. gabaSvili. ,,Tinas lekuris” mTavari moqmedi piri Tina batonis saxlSi, patarZalTan erTad cekvavs. misi cekvis momxibvlelo-biT aRtacebuli meqorwileebi mas ,,SabaSis” fuls aZ-leven. SabaSi mogvianebiT musikosebis Sromis anazRau-rebis wyarod gadaiqca (maCabeli n., 1978:127)

imerxeveli patarZlis dasaCuqreba xdeba gansxvave-buli wesiTac, kerZod naCuqar fuls pirbadesa da kabaze qinZisTavebiT umagreben. qaRaldis fuls manam hkideben, sanam `miwazed ar Camokorwialdeba”, Tanac ise, rom fuli dedofals saxes, nefes ki mkerds mTlianad ufarvs. es ritualic CveneburTa yofaSi `baxSiSis’ saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.

msgavsi rituali sruldeba borCxisa da murRulis raionebSi, oRond iq saCuqrebi qinZisTavebiT emagreba kiserze Semoxveul 10-15 sm. sifarTisa da 2–2,5 metris sigrZis TeTr an wiTel naWerze, romelsac kordelaskordelaskordelaskordelas eZaxian. kordelas orive boloSi abneven beWdebs, rom-lebsac gadabmuli kordelaTi ukeTeben qal-vaJs da ze-viT aawevineben gadabmulbeWdian xelebs. dalocvis Sem-deg vaJis axlobeli mimarTavs meqorwileebs: ,,ra vuyoT am gogos, ena movaWraT Tu xelio”. amis Semdeg qor-wilis wamyvani kordelas Wris Suaze da iwyeba dasa-Cuqreba, romelic cxaddeba sajarod. saCuqrebi qinZis-TavebiT emagreba kordelaze. vaJis mxare asaCuqrebs vaJs, qalis naTesavebi ki patarZals.

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]

mefe-patarZlis dasaCurebis ritiali B(borCxa) msgavsi rituali imerxevis mosaxleobaSi srulde-

baApirbadis (vala) axdis dros. danis wveriT pirbadis axdisas mamamTili ekiTxeba patarZals: `kiwi (Tavi) mogaWra Tu enao”. mamamTilis SekiTxvas pasuxs scems xelismomkide: `kiw (Tavs) rom aaWri, enac iq wayvebao”. yviralas xeobaSi am rituals gansxvavebuli variaciiT asrulebs mazli. igi patarZals danis trialiT emuq-reba, riTac agrZnobinebs: `ena ar damigrZelo, Torem am daniT wagaWrio, Tu muSaoba dagezara, maSin xelebs wagaWrio”. Tumca pirbadis axda mainc mamamTilis movaleobaa, ritualis Sesrulebis Semdeg mamamTili patarZals asaCuqrebs.

Camofarebuli pirbadis axdas danis wveriT cdi-lobs sasiZoc, magram patarZlis axloblebi vaJs amis saSualebas ar aZleven manam, sanam garkveuli raode-nobis Tanxas ar gadaaxdevineben. daniT an xanjliT dedoflisaTvis pirbadis axda farTodaa gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva xalxis yofaSi. Rorjomis xeobaSi mopovebu-li masalebis mixedviT, dedoflis oTaxidan yvelaze bolos gamodis dedamTili (sxvaTa Soris, CveneburebSi mkacradaa daculi umZraxobis Cveuleba. patarZali dedamTil-mamamTils ,,usulod elaparakebausulod elaparakebausulod elaparakebausulod elaparakeba”. bavSvis da-badebis Semdeg SeuZlia daelaparakos xmamaRla mxo-lod dedamTils). igi afrTxilebs Svils, rom dedo-fals TviTon axados fata - coli damjeri iqnebao. aRniSnuli rituali uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciis saxe-cvlili formaa, romlis mixedviT sadedoflo oTaxSi

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martod darCenil patarZals pirbade nefem daniT unda axados, Semdeg ki xdeba maT Soris saCuqrebis gacvla. qali Cuqnis mis mier moqargul cvirsaxocs, xolo vaJi-samkauls. qali Tavisi saCuqriT umtkicebda, rom is manamade xelSeuxebeli iyo, vaJi-aseTi qalis erTguli iqneboda, dana ki iZleoda gafrTxilebas.

unda vigulisxmoT, rom imerxevelTa Tanamedrove yo-faSi dadasturebuli pirbadis axdis rituali am Sesa-niSnavi tradiciis variaciuli saxesxvaobaa, romelic dRemde moitanes (gadmocemis saxiT mainc) aWaridan XIXs. 80-n wlebSi adigenis raionis sof. kikiboSi Casax-lebulma migrantebma.

gansxvavebulia CveneburTa saqorwilo sufra sasiZos ojaxSi. yviralas xeobaSi igi mxolod erTi dasaxe-lebis kerZisagan (gufTa) Sedgeba, romelsac daayoleben airans da limonaTs. bazgireTis wylis xeobaSi saqor-wino sufra SedarebiT mravalferovania. sakuTriv baz-gireTSi bavSvebis dasaZineblad wasvlis Semdeg ar eridebian alkoholuri sasmelis dalevas. ician saWm-lis moTxovnac:

,,vosa,vosa, vodelia nanina, xuTi baqlava, erTi tolma, erTi liveric moitaneT” borCxasa da murRulSi sufra saerTod ar iSleba.

qorwilis msvlelobisas sagorebeli magidiT darbazSi

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SemoaqvT mravalsarTuliani ,,dugun fasta’’dugun fasta’’dugun fasta’’dugun fasta’’ (torti), romelsac daWris patarZali da vaJs (vaJi ki qals) miarTmevs erT naWers. tortis naWrebi nawildeba meqor-wileebzec. qorwilSi ZiriTadi dro cekva-simReras eTmoba.

,,dugun fastis” daWra (borCxa)

imerxevelTa qorwilSi patarZalTan yvelaze bolos rCeba qalis dade (xelismomkide). patarZalTan Sesul siZes deda miawodebs SarbaTs. naxevars vaJi dalevs, naxevars qali. amis Semdeg xelismomkide oTaxidan gasv-lisaTvis iTxovs saCuqars.

patarZali fizikuri siaxlovis win warmoTqvams qal-wulobis gamotireba-gamoTxovebis fics. axaldaqorwine-bulebs pirvel sam DdRes sqesobrivi Tanacxovrebis Semdeg ar moeTxovebaT `ganwmendis” ritualiT gaTva-liswinebuli wesebis Sesruleba (tanis dabana), radgan aq ramodenime dRes grZeldeba qorwili. xalxmravlo-baSi Tbili wyaliTa da taStiT sadedoflo oTaxis uz-runvelyofa garkveul uxerxulobasTanaa dakavSirebu-li. sxva SemTxvevaSi, religiuri motiviT Semagrebuli `ganwmendis” rituali aucileblad unda Sesruldes, radgan `janabeTis” (codvilis), ganuwmendelisjanabeTis” (codvilis), ganuwmendelisjanabeTis” (codvilis), ganuwmendelisjanabeTis” (codvilis), ganuwmendelis miwaze fexis dadgma islamuri normebis mixedviT miutevebel codvad iTvleba. aRniSnuli ritualis Sesruleba ra Tqma unda higienuri moTxovnilebiT aris ganmtkicebu-li. amave dros, wyals (riTac unda moxdes ganwmenda) TavisTavad miewereba gamanayofierebeli Zala (rasac adasturebs aWaraSi, samcxe-javaxeTSi, aRmosavleT sa-qarTvelos mTaSi wyalTan dakavSirebiT gavrcelebuli gadmocemebi). xalxuri rwmeniT patarZali unda eziaros wylis gamanayofierebel Zalas, raTa unayofo ar dar-Ces (oCiauri T., 1975:165) amitomacaa, rom fereidneli axalgazrda qorwilis wina dRes asrulebda `abanos abanos abanos abanos rituals’’rituals’’rituals’’rituals’’. farTod iyo qalis wyalze gayvanis tradicia fSavSi, xevsureTSi, aWaraSi. Cven ver SevZeliT imer-xevSi dagvefiqsirebina mefe-patarZlis erTad `Seyramde”

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sruldeba Tu ara wyalTan dakavSirebuli raime ritua-li, magram ganbanva-ganwmendis sazogadod gavrcele-buli wesi daniSnulebiT unda iyos (higienurTan erTad) qalisa da mamakacis wyalTan ziarebis Cveuleba. amas isic gvafiqrebinebs, rom ganwmendisas maT moeTxovebaT savaldebulo locvis warmoTqma, romelSic Cans Txov-na-vedreba magiuri zebunebrivi Zalisadmi ganwmendis Taobaze. am ritualis Sesrulebis gareSe qals ufleba ara aqvs xeli Seaxos wminda sagnebs-purs, fqvils, Wur-Wels da. a. S.

yovelive zemoTqmuli gvafiqrebinebs, rom wyali am SemTxvevaSic atarebs sakulto funqciis elementebs, rac mas bednierebis, Svilierebis mimniWebeli Zalis xa-siaTs aniWebs. ganwmendis rituals ra Tqma unda higienuri daniSnulebac aqvs rogorc musumanebSi, ise sxva religiuri aRmsareblobis mosaxleobaSi, magram amosavali mainc aris sakraluri funqciis matarebeli - wyali. amave mizans emsaxureba qorwinebis meore dRes specialurad qalis wyalze gayvana da savse WurWeliT-`gugumebiT” wylis saxlSi mitana. wylis kults ukav-Sirdeba uSvilo qalis tbaSi (baginis Tbili, samkurna-lo wyali, ardaSenis wyali, vangoli (tba, romlis Tevzsac iyeneben uSvilobis winaaRmdeg) banaobis ri-tuali. xalxuri gadmocemiT karCxalis tbaSi aris wylis buRa, romelic ,,eWedeba soflis xarebs.” maTi rwmeniT swored es buRaa Svilierebis mimniWebeli. wyals CveneburTa warmodgenebSi avi sulebisagan Tav-dacvis funqciac ekisreboda. Aam mizniT axloblebi dedofals wyalSi Caaxedeben, raTa man dainaxos ,,jaze-bi” (avi suli) da momnusxveli (momjadoebeli). aseT qals isini ,,baxijbaxijbaxijbaxij//falji////falji////falji////falji//jijijijinjinjinjinji----ssss” eZaxian. maT swamT, rom duSmans (mters) SeuZlia naloci wyali moasxas qals an ,,domuzis (Roris) iaRi wuusvas” ojaxis dasaS-lelad, amitom qals ,,wyalze ukiTxaven, nakiTx wyals asmeven da fexduudgmel adgilze daasxamen”, raTa dazRveuli iyos SesaZlo safrTxisagan. wyals Seasxamen

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Sorsmimaval adamiansa Tu transports winsvlisa da gamarjvebis uzrunvelsayofad.

qorwinebidan sami dRis ganmavlobaSi logini da TeTreuli ar unda Seicvalos. pirveli Ramis Semdeg xelismomkide (dade) mefe-dedoflis aryofnis momentSi, maTgan SeumCnevlad Sedis patarZlis oTaxSi da Sea-mowmebs TeTreuls - aqvs Tu ara qalwulobis niSani. respodentis TqmiT qorwili grZeldeba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu ki qali ar aRmoCndeba qaliSvili (xelismomkide siZesTan SeuTanxmeblad ar gaamJRavnebda), rac saeWvoa, rom ase yofiliyo.

sxvaTa Soris, msgavsi ritualebi gvxvdeba erTmane-Tisagan gansxvavebuli ara erTi xalxis yofaSi. XVIIs. mogzauri adam oleariusi aRwers pirveli Ramis Tavi-seburebs iranis mosaxleobaSi. misi gadmocemiT `Zvelad miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, Tu qali qalwuli ar aRmoCn-deba, vaJs SeeZlo misTvis cxviri an yuri moeWra da ise gamoegdo gareT. axla es usiamovneba mxolod imiT mTavrdeba, rom patarZali Tavis megobrebTan erTad uxmod tovebs iqaurobas. im SemTxvevaSi ki roca yve-laferi rigzea, patarZlis mxlebeli moxuci am faqts yvelasaTvis sarwmunos gaxdis” (gociriZe g., 1987:123). r. galunovis informaciiT, Zvelad, iranis soflebSi saqalwulo zewars dolze gadaWimavdnen da xmamaRla ukravdnen, raTa mTeli sofeli Seyriliyo mis sanaxa-vad. ufro metic, patimris cixidan gaTavisuflebac iyo SesaZlebeli, Tu ki mas ojaxis romelime wevris saqalwulo zewari aRmoaCndeba (Галунов Р., 1990:193-195).

pirveli Ramis rituali da saqalwulo zewris Se-mowmebis Cveuleba sxvadasxva xalxis cxovrebaSi (ebrae-lebSi, somxebSi, osebSi. . .) SemorCenili iyo XIX s. dasawyisamde. mag. Sua aziaSi, tajikeTSi gavrcelebuli iyo `saqalwule zewaris” dagebis, zogan ki TeTreulis mziTevTan erTad `gamzevrebis” Cveuleba (gociriZe g1987:124). zogierTi avtori am ritualSi pirvelyofilo-bis elementebs eZebda. ivane javaxiSvilis azriT aRniS-

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nuli Cveuleba Tavisi velurobis miuxedavad Zveli ar unda iyos, radgan pirvelyofil 1928:158-159).

imerxevis sinamdvileSi dafiqsirebuli qalwulobis Semowmebis zemoTaRniSnuli Cveuleba gvafiqrebinebs, rom mas saqarTveloSic hqonda adgili. niSandoblivia, ron Rorjomis xeobaSi (xulos raioni, 2002w eqspedicia) xalxis mexsierebaSi SemorCenil calkeul gadmocemebSi dafiqsirda am ritualis arseboba, Tumca qarTul eTnografiul literaturaSi msgavsi ram ar gvxvdeba. savaraudebelia, rom igi Zalian Zvelad iyo da daikar-ga, an ar iyo da TurqTa batonobis pirobebSi SeiZines dampyroblebisagan. sayuradReboa, rom imerxevelTa gadmocemiT patarZalis qalwulobas amowmebs dadedadedadedade (xe-lismomkide). `dade” arn. Ciqobavas ganmartebiT `dis”-ganaa nawarmoebi (Ciqobava arn., 1938:.29). igi patarZlis naTesavi, misi megvare da interesis damcvelia. da-dis//xelismomkidis instituti uZveles dros unda gaCe-niliyo. dade patarZlis gamyoli da masze mzrunvelia. mas imTaviTve ekisreboda sakralur-religiuri funqcia (avi sulebisagan mefe-patarZlis dacvis mizniT igi wveboda sadedoflo oTaxis karis ukan, loginSi Caudebda xanjals da tkbileuls. vaJianobis dabadebis surviliT patarZals patara biWsac Caujendnen kalTa-Si da. a. S.) da amave dros praqtikuli amocana-patarZ-lisadmi mzrunveloba. qorwinebas SeiZleba moyoloda qalis fsiqologiuri travmireba, fizikuri dasusteba, sqesobrivi cxovrebis moSla da. a. S. dade aseT SemTxvevaSi qals dedis magivrobas uwevda.

pirveli Ramis zogadeTnografiuli rituali da qalwulobis aRniSnuli wesiT Semowmeba saeWvoa rom sruldebodes. SavSeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi igi mxolod gadmocemaSi fiqsirdeba. man dakarga Tavisi pirvandeli saxe da qorwilis mxatvrul gaformebad iqca.

amrigad, imerxevelTa ojaxi da qorwineba socialu-ri urTierTobis is mZlavri instrumentia, romelmac xeli Seuwyo CveneburTa yofaSi qarTuli tradiciebis

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Semonaxulobasa da Sesabamisad eTnikuri iersaxis SenarCunebas. am wes-CveulebaTa SedarebiTi analizi sa-Sualebas iZleva davinaxoT aSkara msgavseba zogadqar-Tul tradiciebTan. msgavseba ufro xelSesaxebia aWa-rul qorwilTan mimarTebaSi, rac aWarelTa da imer-xevelTa istoriuli bedis garkveuli erTobiT (osmal-Ta batonobis specifika) aris ganpirobebuli, Tumca TurqebTan Tanacxovrebis, eTnikuri Serevisa da adapta-ciis xangrZlivi procesebis Sedegad ar arian daculi Turquli elementebis SemoWrisagan (imerxevSi miRebu-lia qorwineba deidaSvilebs, biZaSvilebs, biZaSvil-mamidaSvilebs Soris, aseve araa akrZaluli colis dis SerTvac), ris gamoc xSirad uWirT Turquli da qar-Tuli yofiTi tradiciebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva. amis gamo, gauTviTcnobierebel adamians SeiZleba eWvi gauCndes da dasvas kiTxva: qarTveloba imerxevelTaTvis cnobierebaa Tu tradicia? magram es mxolod erTi SexedviT, dakvirvebuli Tvali maSinve SeniSnavs sa-kuTar eTnikur teritoriaze ucxo saxelmwifos poli-tikur sazRvrebSi mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobis mier sakuTari ZirZveli qarTuli tradiciebis Semona-xulobas, rac vlindeba saqorwino urTierTobebis gansazRvrul winapirobebSi, saqorwino asakSi, ojaxis wevrTa uflebriv mdgomareobaSi, axali wevris inkorpo-raciasa da rZlis statusTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi da a.S. niSandoblivia is faqtic, rom iqauri qalebi ufro naklebreligiurni Canan, vidre aWaris mTianeTSi. Semxvedri qalebi ar gvaridebdnen saxes, ar ifaraven TavsaburiT, maSin, roca aWaris mTaSi am oci_ocdaaTi wlis win qalebi saxes aridebdnen bavSvebsac ki. orTo-doqsalurma islamurma garemom ver aiZula imerxevlebi daerRviaT tradiciuli qarTuli ojaxis safuZvlebi da Turqebisagan gansxvavebiT bolomde SeinarCunes monoga-miuri ojaxi. Cvens mier warmodgenili monacemebi mxo-lod nawilobriv warmoaCens imerxevelTa qorwinebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. bevri problema moiTxovs Semdgom kvlevasa da xangrZliv samecniero eqspediciebs.

36

Cvens mier dawyebuli kvleva mxolod dasawyisia Semdgomi rTuli da saintereso muSaobisa. erTi ram SeiZleba danamdvilebiT iTqvas: islamur da qarTul garemoSi cxovrebis miuxedavad imerxevelma qarTvelo-bam bolomde daicva qarTuli yofisa da kulturi-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani, riTac igi daupirispirda islamur msoflmxedvelobaze dafuZnebu-li osmaluri yaidis cxovrebis wess. es naTlad Cans Cvens mier zemoT warmodgenil monacemebSi.

reziume G

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ggggamoyenebuli literatura:amoyenebuli literatura:amoyenebuli literatura:amoyenebuli literatura: 1. bardaveliZe v., qarTuli (svanuri) saweso

grafikuli xelovnebis nimuSebi, Tb.1953 2. bolqvaZe d., futkaraZe T., qorwinebis instituti

Rorjomis xeobaSi, studentTa da axalgazrda mecnierTa

Sromebi, VI, baT. 2004 3. gociriZe g., qorwineba fereidnel qarTvelebSi,

Tb.1987 4 maCabeli n., qorwinebis instituti qarTlSi, Tb.1978 6. oCiauri T., wylis kultis elementebi saqorwino

ritualSi, XVIII, Tb.1975 7. futkaraZe T., aWaridan gansaxlebul migrantTa

saqorwino urTierTobis zogierTi sakiTxi, literaturuli

aWara N~6, 2001 8. futkaraZe S, Cveneburebis qarTuli, baT. 1993 9. Ciqobava a., Wanur-megruli SedarebiT leqsikoni,

Tb.1938 10. javaxiSvili ivane, qarTuli simarTlis

istoria, wigni I, tf.1928. 11. jafariZe S., n. maris mogzauroba SavSeTsa da

klarjeTSi, Tb.1986 12. Галунов Р., Средная персидская Свадба, Сборник Музея

антропологии и этнографии (МАЭ), IX, 1930 13. Косвен М., история и этнография Кавказа, М. 1960.