World’s TallestTallest 20 Buildings in the World as of September 2011

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat S.R. Crown Hall Illinois Institute of Technology 3360 South State Street Chicago IL, 60616, USA

Phone: +1 (312) 567 3487 Fax: +1 (312) 567 3820 Email: info@ctbuh.org http://www.ctbuh.org

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, is an international not-for-profit organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development and construction professionals, designed to facilitate exchanges among those involved in all aspects of the planning, design, construction and operation of tall buildings.

The CTBUH is the world’s leading body in the field of tall buildings and the recognized source of information on tall buildings internationally. It is the arbiter of the criteria upon which tall building height is measured, and thus the title of “The World’s Tallest Building” determined.

Central Plaza374 m / 1,227 ftHong Kong, 1992

Empire State Building381 m / 1,250 ftNew York City, 1931

Bank of China Tower 367 m / 1,205 ftHong Kong, 1990

Almas Tower360 m / 1,181 ftDubai, 2008

Emirates Tower One 355 m / 1,163 ft Dubai, 2000

Bank of America Tower 366 m / 1,200 ftNew York City, 2009

Petronas Tower 1452 m / 1,483 ftKuala Lumpur, 1998

Petronas Tower 2452 m / 1,483 ftKuala Lumpur, 1998

Trump International Hotel & Tower 423 m / 1,389 ftChicago, 2009

Shun Hing Square 384 m / 1,260 ftShenzhen, 1996

Jin Mao Building 421 m / 1,380 ftShanghai, 1999

Two International Finance Centre412 m / 1,352 ftHong Kong, 2003

Guangzhou International Finance Center439 m / 1,439 ftGuangzhou, 2010

Zifeng Tower450 m / 1,476 ftNanjing, 2010

Willis Tower442 m / 1,451 ftChicago, 1974

CITIC Plaza390 m / 1,280 ftGuangzhou, 1996

20191817161514131211109875 54321

Burj Khalifa828 m / 2,717 ftDubai, 2010

Shanghai World Financial Center492 m / 1,614 ftShanghai, 2008

Taipei 101 508 m / 1,667 ftTaipei, 2004

International Commerce Centre484 m / 1,588 ftHong Kong, 2010

Above: Diagram of the World’s Tallest 20 Buildings as of September 2011. According to the CTBUH Height Criteria of “Height to Architectural Top” (see criteria above).

Tall Building Height (CTBUH Criteria Height to Architectural Top): Height is measured from the level1 of the lowest, significant,2 open-air,3 pedestrian4 entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flagpoles or other functional-technical equipment.5 Height to Architectural Top is the most widely utilized measurement and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat rankings of the “World’s Tallest Buildings.” For a complete listing of all CTBUH Height Criteria and definitions visit: http://criteria.ctbuh.org.

Footnotes:1Level: finished floor level at threshold of the lowest entrance door.2Significant: the entrance should be predominantly above existing or pre-existing grade and permit access to one or more primary uses in the building via elevators, as opposed to ground floor retail or other uses which solely relate/connect to the immediately adjacent external environment. Thus entrances via below-grade sunken plazas or similar are not generally recognized. Also note that access to car park and/or ancillary/support areas are not considered significant entrances. 3Open-air: the entrance must be located directly off of an external space at that level that is open to air.4Pedestrian: refers to common building users or occupants and is intended to exclude service, ancillary, or similar areas.5Functional-technical equipment: this is intended to recognize that functional-technical equipment is subject to removal/addition/change as per prevalent technologies, as is often seen in tall buildings (e.g., antennae, signage, wind turbines, etc. are periodically added, shortened, lengthened, removed and/or replaced).6Highest occupied floor: this is intended to recognize conditioned space which is designed to be safely and legally occupied by residents, workers or other building users on a consistent basis. It does not include service or mechanical areas which experience occasional maintenance access, etc.

Middle EastUnited States

ChinaOther Asia

Building Location

Office/Residential/HotelResidential/Hotel

OfficeHotel/Office

Building Use

Steel/ConcreteSteel

CompositeConcrete

Structural Material

Burj Khalifa

Dubai, UAE1Height: 828 m/2,717 ftCompletion Date: 2010Building Use: office/residential/hotelStructural Material: steel/concreteTotal Floors: 163

Owner/Developer: Emaar Properties PJSCArchitect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPAssociate Architect: Hyder ConsultingStructural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPProject Manager: Turner ConstructionMain Contractors: Samsung E & C; Arabtec; Besix Group

3 Shanghai World Financial Center

Shanghai, ChinaHeight: 492m/1,614ftCompletion Date: 2008Building Use: hotel/officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 101

Owner/Developer: Mori BuildingArchitects: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates; Irie Miyake Architects and EngineersStructural Engineer: Leslie E. Robertson AssociatesMEP Engineer: Kenchiku Setubi Sekkei KenkyushoMain Contractors: China State Construction; Shanghai Construction

4 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong, ChinaHeight: 484m/1,588ftCompletion Date: 2010Building Use: hotel/officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 108

Owner/Developer: Sun Hung Kai PropertiesArchitect: Kohn Pedersen Fox AssociatesAssociate Architect: Wong & OuyangStructural Engineer: ArupMEP Engineer: J. Roger Preston GroupProject Manager: Harbour VantageMain Contractor: Sanfield Buildihng Contractors Limited

8 Willis Tower Chicago, USAHeight: 442m/1,451ftCompletion Date: 1974Building Use: officeStructural Material: steelTotal Floors: 108

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPStructural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMEP Engineer: Jaros, Baum & BowlesMain Contractor: Morse Diesel International

5 Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaHeight: 452m/1,483ft Completion Date: 1998Building Use: officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 88

Owner/Developer: KLCC Property Holdings Berhad Architect: Cesar Pelli & AssociatesStructural Engineers: Thornton Tomasetti; Ranhill BersekutuMEP Engineer: WSP Flack + KurtzMain Contractors: MMC Engineering & Construction Co.; Ho Hup Construction Sdn. Bhd.; Hazama Corporation; J.A. Jones Construction Co.; Mitsubishi Corporation

Zifeng Tower

Nanjing, ChinaHeight: 450m/1,476ftCompletion Date: 2010Building Use: hotel/officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 66

Developer: Nanjing Guzzi Greenland Financial Center Owner/Developer: Nanjing State Owned AssetsArchitect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPAssociate Architect: ECADIStructural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMain Contractor: Shanghai Construction

7

Almas Tower Dubai, UAE19Height: 360m/1,181ft Completion Date: 2008 Building Use: officeStructural Material: concreteTotal Floors: 68

Owner/Developer: NakheelArchitect: WS AtkinsMEP Engineer: ETA M&EMain Contractor: Taisei Corporation

20 Emirates Tower One Dubai, UAEHeight: 355m/1,163ft Completion Date: 2000 Building Use: officeStructural Material: composite Total Floors: 54

Architect: NORR Architects Engineers PlannersStructural Engineer: Hyder ConsultingMEP Engineer: Donald Smith, Seymour & RooleyMain Contractors: Besix; Ssangyoung Engineering & Construction

18 Bank of America Tower New York City, USAHeight: 366m/1,200ft Completion Date: 2009 Building Use: officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 55

Owners: One Bryant Park, LLC; Bank of America; Durst OrganizationDeveloper: Durst OrganizationArchitect: Cook+Fox ArchitectsAssociate Architect: Adamson AssociatesStructural Engineer: Severud AssociatesMEP Engineer: Jaros, Baum & BowlesMain Contractor: Tishman Construction

Bank of China Tower Hong Kong, China17Height: 367m/1,205 Completion Date: 1990 Building Use: officeStructural Material: composite Total Floors: 72

Owner/Developer: Bank of China Hong Kong/Bank of ChinaArchitect: I.M. Pei & PartnersAssociate Architect: Sherman Kung & Associates ArchitectsStructural Engineers: Leslie E. Robertson Associates; Valentine, Laurie, and DavisMEP Engineer: Jaros Baum & BollesProject Manager: Sun Chung Building ManagementMain Contractors: Kumagai Gumi; Hong Kong Construction

11 Jin Mao Building Shanghai, ChinaHeight: 421m/1,380ftCompletion Date: 1999 Building Use: hotel/officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 88

Owner/Developer: China Shanghai Foreign Trade CentreArchitect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPStructural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMain Contractor: Shanghai Jin Mao Contractor

12 Two International Finance Centre

Hong Kong, ChinaHeight: 412m/1,352ftCompletion Date: 2003Building Use: officeStructural Material: composite Total Floors: 88

Owner/Developers: IFC Development; MTR CorporationArchitects: Cesar Pelli & Associates; Rocco DesignStructural Engineer: ArupMEP Engineer: J. Roger Preston GroupMain Contractor: E Man-Sanfield JV Construction

13 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou, ChinaHeight: 390m/1,280ft Completion Date: 1996 Building Use: officeStructural Material: concreteTotal Floors: 80

Owner/Developer: China International Trust and Investment Architect: Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & EngineersStructural Engineer: Maunsell AECOM GroupMEP Engineers: Gammon Construction Limited; Tridant Engineering Company LimitedMain Contractors: Kumagai Gammon Joint Venture; Hong Kong Construction (Holdings) Limited

14 Shun Hing Square Shenzhen, ChinaHeight: 384m/1,260ft Completion Date: 1996 Building Use: officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 69

Owner/Developer: Karbony Investment Architects: K.Y. Cheung Design Associates; American Design AssociatesStructural Engineers: Leslie E. Robertson Associates; Maunsell AECOM Group; Nippon Steel CorpMEP Engineer: Associated Consulting EngineersMain Contractors: Kumagai Gumi; Hong Kong Construction (Holdings) Limited

15 Empire State Building New York City, USAHeight: 381m/1,250ftCompletion Date: 1931Building Use: officeStructural Material: steelTotal Floors: 102

Owner/Developers: John J. Raskob; Alfred E. SmithArchitect: Shreve, Lamb & HarmonStructural Engineers: H.G. Balcom & Associates; Post and McCord; Strong & Jones EngineersMain Contractor: Starrett Brothers and Ekin

16 Central Plaza Hong Kong, ChinaHeight: 374m/1,227ft Completion Date: 1992 Building Use: officeStructural Material: concreteTotal Floors: 78

Owner/Developers: Ryoden Development; Sino Land; Sun Hung Kai PropertiesArchitect: Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & EngineersStructural Engineer: ArupMain Contractor: Manloze Ltd

5 Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaHeight: 452m/1,483ft Completion Date: 1998Building Use: officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 88

Owner/Developer: KLCC Property Holdings Berhad Architect: Cesar Pelli & AssociatesStructural Engineers: Thornton Tomasetti; Ranhill BersekutuMEP Engineer: WSP Flack + KurtzMain Contractors: Samsung E & C; Syarikat Jasatera Sdn. Bhd.; Kukdong Engineering & Construction

Taipei 101 Taipei, TaiwanHeight: 508m/1,667ftCompletion Date: 2004Building Use: officeStructural Material: compositeTotal Floors: 101

Owner/Developer: Taipei Financial Center CorporationArchitect: C.Y. Lee & Partners Architects/PartnersStructural Engineers: Thornton Tomasetti; Evergreen EngineeringMEP Engineer: Continental Engineering Consultants, Inc.Main Contractors: Kumagai Gumi; Taiwan Kumagai; RSEA Engineering; Ta-You-Wei Construction; Samsung E & C

2

Guangzhou International Finance Center

Guangzhou, ChinaHeight: 439m/1,439ft Completion Date: 2010Building Use: hotel/officeStructural Material: composite Total Floors: 103

Owner/Developer: Yue Xiu GroupArchitect: Wilkinson EyreAssociate Architect: South China Design InstituteStructural Engineer: ArupMEP Engineer: Arup Project Manager: Yue Xiu GroupMain Contractor: China State Construction; Guangzhou Municipal Construction Group

9 10 Trump International Hotel & Tower

Chicago, USAHeight: 423m/1,389ftCompletion Date: 2009Building Use: residential/hotelStructural Material: concreteTotal Floors: 98

Owner/Developer: The Trump OrganizationArchitect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPStructural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPMEP Engineer: WMA Consulting EngineersMain Contractor: Bovis Lend Lease Inc.