taks english study guide

7/30/2019 TAKS English Study Guide

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J ^ps`cep je` Ajgbmr Fsb`c pk Cxbp Mcqcm

Cefmb~h Mjefsjfc J|p~



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Cxbp Mcqcm


J ^ps`cep je` Ajgbmr Fsb`c

Nkyr|bfhp


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J Mcppc| a|kg phc @b|cnpk| ka ^ps`cep J~~c~~gcep

@cj| ^ps`cep je` Yj|cep?

Phc Pcxj~ J~~c~~gcep ka Dekvmc`fc je` ^dbmm~ (PJD^" b~ j nkgy|chce~bqc pc~pbefy|kf|jg ak| yslmbn ~nhkkm ~ps`cep~ be f|j`c~ >::% PJD^ |cymjnc~ phc Pcxj~ J~~c~~gcepka Jnj`cgbn ^dbmm~ (PJJ^" je` b~ `c~bfec` pk gcj~s|c pk vhjp cxpcep j ~ps`cep hj~mcj|ec`- se`c|~pkk`- je` b~ jlmc pk jyymr phc bgyk|pjep nkencyp~ je` ~dbmm~ cxycnpc`jp cjnh pc~pc` f|j`c mcqcm% Be j``bpbke- phc pc~p nje y|kqb`c qjmsjlmc acc`ljnd pk~ps`cep~- yj|cep~- je` ~nhkkm~ jlksp ~ps`cep y|kf|c~~ a|kg f|j`c pk f|j`c%

^ps`cep~ j|c pc~pc` be gjphcgjpbn~ be f|j`c~ >::4 |cj`bef be f|j`c~ >24 v|bpbef bef|j`c~ 0 je` 64 Cefmb~h mjefsjfc j|p~ be f|j`c~ :9 je` ::4 ~nbcenc be f|j`c~ 3- 8- :9-je` ::4 je` ~knbjm ~ps`bc~ be f|j`c~ 8- :9- je` ::% Cqc|r PJD^ pc~p b~ `b|cnpmr mbedc`pk phc Pcxj~ C~~cepbjm Dekvmc`fc je` ^dbmm~ (PCD^" ns||bnsmsg% Phc PCD^ b~ phc~pjpc'gje`jpc` ns||bnsmsg ak| Pcxj~ yslmbn ~nhkkm ~ps`cep~% C~~cepbjm dekvmc`fcje` ~dbmm~ pjsfhp jp cjnh f|j`c lsbm` syke phc gjpc|bjm mcj|ec` be y|cqbks~ f|j`c~%Lr `cqcmkybef phc jnj`cgbn ~dbmm~ ~ycnbc` be phc PCD^- ~ps`cep~ nje lsbm` j ~p|kefakse`jpbke ak| asps|c ~snnc~~%

Phc Pcxj~ C`snjpbke Jfcenr hj~ `cqcmkyc` phb~ ~ps`r fsb`c pk hcmy ~ps`cep~~p|cefphce phc PCD^'lj~c` ~dbmm~ phjp j|c pjsfhp be nmj~~ je` pc~pc` ke PJD^% Phcfsb`c b~ `c~bfec` ak| ~ps`cep~ pk s~c ke phcb| kve k| ak| ~ps`cep~ je` ajgbmbc~ pkvk|d ph|ksfh pkfcphc|% Nkencyp~ j|c y|c~cepc` be j qj|bcpr ka vjr~ phjp vbmm hcmy~ps`cep~ |cqbcv phc beak|gjpbke je` ~dbmm~ phcr ecc` pk lc ~snnc~~asm ke phc PJD^%Cqc|r fsb`c benms`c~ cxymjejpbke~- y|jnpbnc zsc~pbke~- `cpjbmc` je~vc| dcr~- je`~ps`cep jnpbqbpbc~% Jp phc ce` ka phb~ ~ps`r fsb`c b~ je cqjmsjpbke ak|g ak| rks pknkgymcpc je` gjbm ljnd vhce rks hjqc eb~hc` phc fsb`c% Rks| nkggcep~ vbmm hcmys~ bgy|kqc asps|c qc|~bke~ ka phb~ fsb`c%

Phc|c j|c j esglc| ka |c~ks|nc~ jqjbmjlmc ak| ~ps`cep~ je` ajgbmbc~ vhk vksm` mbdcgk|c beak|gjpbke jlksp phc PJD^ pc~pbef y|kf|jg% Beak|gjpbke lkkdmcp~ j|c jqjbmjlmcak| cqc|r PJD^ ~slocnp je` f|j`c% L|knhs|c~ j|c jm~k jqjbmjlmc phjp cxymjbe phc ^ps`cep^snnc~~ Bebpbjpbqc y|kgkpbke |czsb|cgcep~ je` phc ecv f|j`sjpbke |czsb|cgcep~ ak|cmcqceph'f|j`c ~ps`cep~% Pk klpjbe nkybc~ ka phc~c |c~ks|nc~ k| pk mcj|e gk|c jlkspphc pc~pbef y|kf|jg- ymcj~c nkepjnp rks| ~nhkkm k| qb~bp phc Pcxj~ C`snjpbke Jfcenrvcl~bpc jp vvv%pcj%~pjpc%px%s~%

Pcxj~ b~ y|ks` ka phc y|kf|c~~ ks| ~ps`cep~ hjqc gj`c j~ phcr ~p|bqc pk |cjnh phcb|jnj`cgbn fkjm~% Vc hkyc phc ~ps`r fsb`c~ vbmm hcmy ak~pc| ~ps`cep mcj|ebef- f|kvph-je` ~snnc~~ be jmm ka phc PJD^ ~slocnp j|cj~%

^benc|cmr-

Mb~j Nhje`mc|@b|cnpk| ka ^ps`cep J~~c~~gcepPcxj~ C`snjpbke Jfcenr
http://www.tea.state.tx.us/http://www.tea.state.tx.us/


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Bep|k`snpbke % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2

^jgymc \cj`bef ^cmcnpbke~ % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ::

Klocnpbqc :? Lj~bn Se`c|~pje`bef% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1

B`cepbarbef ^syyk|pbef @cpjbm~% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % >6

Klocnpbqc


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Gjdbef Beac|cenc~ % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 3

Gjdbef Y|c`bnpbke~ % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 3>

Jejmrbef Jn|k~~ Pcxp~ % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 3>

Jsphk|~ Ys|yk~c % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 30

Jsphk|~ N|jap% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 31

N|c`blbmbpr ka Beak|gjpbke ^ks|nc~% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 36

Gk`c~ ka Yc|~sj~bke % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 38

B`cj~ je` \cmjpbke~hby~ be Gc`bj % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 32

Ys|yk~c~ ka Gc`bj Ak|g~ % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1:

Phc Gjbe Ykbep ka j Gc`bj Gc~~jfc % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1

^hk|p'Je~vc| Zsc~pbke~ % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 10

Je~vc|bef j ^hk|p'Je~vc| Zsc~pbke % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 13

Ke Rks| Kve % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 6 ~jr~ Hbpmc|~ ~yccnhc~ a|czscepmrbepc||sypc` be~p|snpbke- phc ~nhkkm~ nksm` hjqc y|kqb`c` j fkk`c`snjpbke vhce Hbpmc| vj~ ekp ~ycjdbef- ~k Nhkbnc N b~ benk||cnp% Phcpcjnhc|~- gk|ckqc|- vc|c ekp ecnc~~j|bmr gcglc|~ ka phc Ejb Yj|pr- j~Nhkbnc @ ~sffc~p~% Yj|jf|jyh :< ~jr~ phc pcjnhc|~ pkm` phcb| ~ps`cep~phjp Hbpmc| vksm` |c~pk|c Fc|gjer pk bp~ |bfhpasm ymjnc- lsp phcrnksm` hjqc ~jb` phjp ksp ka acj| ka mk~bef phcb| okl~%

Phc ~cmcnpbke y|kqb`c~ cqb`cenc pk ~hkv phjp

J gk~p Fc|gje~ jf|cc` vbph phc yk~bpbke pjdce lr Hbpmc|

L phc Ejb~ `b~n|bgbejpc` jfjbe~p phk~c vhk vc|c `baac|cep a|kgphcg

N Fc|gje ~nhkkmnhbm`|ce vc|c ekp vcmm c`snjpc` `s|bef phb~ pbgc

@ phc jsphk|~ pcjnhc|~ vc|c gcglc|~ ka phc Ejb Yj|pr

Amby ^nhsmdc+NK\LB^

Klocnpbqc nkqc|~ vhjp ~ps`cep~ ~hksm` lc jlmc pk `k pk `cqcmky j`ccyc| se`c|~pje`bef ka vhjp phcr |cj`% Phb~ `ccyc| se`c|~pje`befnkgc~ a|kg |cj`bef lcpvcce phc mbec~- mkkdbef jp hkv je jsphk| hj~~hjyc` j ybcnc ka v|bpbef- je` gjdbef nkgyj|b~ke~ je` nkeecnpbke~%

\cj`bef Lcpvcce phc Mbec~

Phc pc|g |cj`bef lcpvcce phc mbec~ b~ jekphc| vjr pk `c~n|blc phc ~dbmmnjmmc` gjdbef beac|cenc~% Rks gjr ekp |cjmbc bp- lsp rks gjdcbeac|cenc~ jmm `jr mkef% Jerpbgc rks nkeecnp lbp~ ka beak|gjpbke pkgjdc j mkfbnjm fsc~~- rks|c gjdbef je beac|cenc% Vhce rks |cj`- rks

gjdc beac|cenc~ lr

`|jvbef nkenms~bke~4

gjdbef fcec|jmbjpbke~4 je`

gjdbef y|c`bnpbke~%

Phc ~ps`cep vbmm `cgke~p|jpc phc jlbmbpr pk jejmrc je` n|bpbnjmmr cqjmsjpc

nsmps|jmmr `bqc|~c v|bppce pcxp~ je` qb~sjm |cy|c~cepjpbke~%

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@|jvbef Nkenms~bke~

Jsphk|~ kapce fsb`c rks pk fs|c ksp ~kgc phbef~ ke rks| kve% Phcrfbqc rks j ybcnc ka cqb`cenc je` cxycnp rks pk s~c rks| |cj~kebefykvc|~ pk `|jv j nkenms~bke%

J nkenms~bke b~ j `cnb~bke rks gjdc japc| rks fjphc| beak|gjpbke je`phbed jlksp bp% Gk~p ka phc pbgc rks ecc` gk|c phje kec ybcnc kabeak|gjpbke pk |cjnh j nkenms~bke% ^syyk~c rks mkkd ksp rks| vbe`kvje` ~cc rks| ecbfhlk|~ mkj`bef lcjnh pkvcm~- ~hbef ykmc~- je` jlcjnh sgl|cmmj bepk phcb| nj|% Vhjp nkenms~bke nje rks `|jv;

Gjdbef Y|c`bnpbke~

Vhce rks gjdc j y|c`bnpbke- rks p|r pk je~vc| phc zsc~pbke Vhjpvbmm hjyyce ecxp; Pk gjdc y|c`bnpbke~- bp~ hcmyasm pk ekpbnc

hkv nhj|jnpc|~ |cjnp pk y|klmcg~4

bgyk|pjep `cpjbm~ jlksp ymkp- ~cppbef- je` nhj|jnpc|4 je` ak|c~hj`kvbef%

^syyk~c rks|c |cj`bef j |cqbcv ka j ecv gkqbc phjp jmm rks| a|bce`~hjqc lcce vjepbef pk ~cc% Be phc |cqbcv phc v|bpc| njmm~ phc gkqbc phclc~p j`qceps|c mg ka phc rcj|% Phb~ gkqbc b~ ~nhc`smc` pk jyycj| bekemr kec phcjpc| be rks| pkve lcfbeebef pkgk||kv% Vhjp y|c`bnpbkenje rks gjdc jlksp phc pbndcp mbec~ ak| phc gkqbc pkgk||kv;

Jejmrbef Jn|k~~ Pcxp~

^kgcpbgc~ rks vbmm ecc` pk s~c rks| jejmrpbnjm ~dbmm~ ke gk|c phje kec

~cmcnpbke% Vhce rks ~cc j gkqbc phjp hj~ lcce j`jypc` a|kg j lkkdrks ceokrc` k| rks |cj` pvk j|pbnmc~ ke phc ~jgc pkybn- rks njeekphcmy gjdbef nkgyj|b~ke~ lcpvcce phc pvk vk|d~% Phc PJD^ CMJ pc~pvbmm j~d rks pk yc|ak|g phb~ pryc ka jejmr~b~ j~ vcmm% Lsp |cgcglc| phjpcqb`cenc pk ~syyk|p rks| jejmr~b~ gs~p lc y|c~cep be lkph ~cmcnpbke~%

3>


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Hc|c~ je cxjgymc ka j n|k~~'pcxp zsc~pbke ~bgbmj| pk vhjp rks gbfhp e`ke phc cxbp mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p% \cqbcv ^syc|gje je` Yjsmj L|kve~Ecv êkv~sbp ke yjfc~ :::6 je` F|kvbef Sy Lmjnd be EjbFc|gjer ke yjfc~ :8- phbedbef jlksp phc ej||jpk|~ be cjnh~cmcnpbke% Phce je~vc| phc zsc~pbke lcmkv%

Nhkbnc L b~ nk||cnp% Be lkph ~cmcnpbke~ phc ej||jpk|~ f|kv sy vbph phcph|cjp ka vj|% Be ^syc|gje je` Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecv êkv~sbp- phc fb|myj|pbnbyjpc~ be jb|'|jb` `|bmm~ jp ~nhkkm- je` gcglc|~ ka hc| ajgbmr je`

hc| ecbfhlk|~ fcp `|japc`% Be F|kvbef Sy Lmjnd be Ejb Fc|gjer- phclkr vbpec~~c~ nke~pjep gbmbpj|r yj|j`c~ je` |jmmbc~% Nhkbnc J b~ p|sckemr be ^syc|gje je` Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecv êkv~sbp- je` Nhkbnc @ b~p|sc kemr be F|kvbef Sy Lmjnd be Ejb Fc|gjer% Nhkbnc N b~ ekpp|sc ka cbphc| ~cmcnpbke%

Jsphk|~ Ys|yk~c

Jmm v|bpc|~ hjqc jp mcj~p kec ys|yk~c ak| v|bpbef j yj|pbnsmj| pcxp% Phcrgjr hjqc je b`cj phcr nj|c jlksp je` vjep kphc|~ pk nj|c jlksp- ~snhj~ y|c~c|qbef |jbe ak|c~p~% Phcr gjr vjep pk `cljpc j nc|pjbe pkybn phcraccm ~p|kefmr jlksp- ~snh j~ rcj|'|kse` ~nhkkm qc|~s~ j ebec'gkeph

~nhkkm rcj|%

Ekp jmm v|bpbef hj~ j ~c|bks~ k| mkapr fkjm- phksfh% ^kgcpbgc~ v|bpc|~os~p vjep pk ~hj|c j phksfhp phjp bepc|c~p~ phcg% K| phcr gjr vjep pkcepc|pjbe |cj`c|~ vbph j aseer ~pk|r%

Gk~p ys|yk~c~ ak| v|bpbef ajmm bepk phc~c fcec|jm njpcfk|bc~?

Vhjp b~ kec ~bgbmj|bpr lcpvcce phc ej||jpk|~ ka phc pvk ~cmcnpbke~;

J Phcr j|c aj~nbejpc` lr jb|ymjec~ je` rbef%

L Phcr f|kv sy se`c| phc ~hj`kv ka vj|%

N Phcr |cmjpc gcgk|bc~ ka je b`cjm nhbm`hkk`%

@ Phcr e` yj|j`c~ ka ~km`bc|~ ph|bmmbef%

Ys|yk~c Nhj|jnpc|b~pbn~ Cxjgymc~

Pk beak|gHj~ gk~pmr ajnpsjmbeak|gjpbke

Ecv~yjyc| je` gjfjbec~pk|bc~- cenrnmkyc`bj je`pcxplkkd yj~~jfc~

Pk yc|~sj`cP|bc~ pk bescenc |cj`c|~ pkphbed k| jnp be j nc|pjbe vjr

Ecv~yjyc| c`bpk|bjm~-j`qc|pb~cgcep~

Pk cxy|c~~

Pk cepc|pjbe

Y|c~cep~ j ykbep ka qbcv-~hj|c~ yc|~kejm accmbef~

Pcmm~ j ~pk|r- kapce s~befhsgk| k| ~s~yce~c

Yc|~kejm c~~jr~-jspklbkf|jyhbnjm ~pk|bc~-acjps|c ~pk|bc~

^hk|p ~pk|bc~- ekqcm~


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\cnkfebbef je jsphk|~ ys|yk~c nje hcmy rks lcppc| se`c|~pje` vhjprks|c |cj`bef% Ak| cxjgymc- ba rks|c |cj`bef je j|pbnmc pbpmc` PhcGk~p Yc|acnp ^hkc~ be phc Sebqc|~c* bp hcmy~ pk lc jvj|c phjp phcjsphk|~ ys|yk~c b~ pk ~cmm rks j yjb| ka ~hkc~%

Hc|c~ je cxjgymc ka j zsc~pbke jlksp jsphk|~ ys|yk~c ~bgbmj| pk vhjp

rks gbfhp e` ke phc cxbp mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p% \cps|e pk F|kvbef SyLmjnd be Ejb Fc|gjer ke yjfc~ :8% \cqbcv phc ~cmcnpbke je`je~vc| phc zsc~pbke lcmkv%

Phc ~cmcnpbke nksm` cenks|jfc kphc|~ pk |cnjmm phcb| nhbm`hkk`~- lspphc|c b~ ek cqb`cenc phjp phjp b~ phc jsphk|~ ys|yk~c- ~k rks njecmbgbejpc Nhkbnc J% Phc jsphk| `kc~ ekp p|r pk cxymjbe vhr phcFc|gje~ be fcec|jm ~syyk|pc` phc Ejb~4 be~pcj`- hc akns~c~ ke hb~kve ejqc ~syyk|p ka phc Ejb~ je` hkv hc nhjefc~ hb~ gbe`- ~kNhkbnc N b~ jm~k benk||cnp% Phc jsphk| `kc~ ekp `b~ns~~ hb~ mjpc| mbac-cmbgbejpbef Nhkbnc @ j~ j qbjlmc je~vc|% Phc lc~p je~vc| b~ Nhkbnc Llcnjs~c phc benb`cep be phc gccpbef hjmm b~ je jnp ka |jnbjm`b~n|bgbejpbke phjp jmmkv~ hbg pk ~cc phc Ejb~ p|sc ejps|c%

Phc jsphk| y|kljlmr v|kpc phb~ ~cmcnpbke pk

J cenks|jfc kphc|~ pk |cnjmm phcb| nhbm`hkk` gcgk|bc~

L `c~n|blc hb~ cj|mr cxyc|bcenc~ vbph |jnbjm `b~n|bgbejpbke

N cxymjbe phc |cj~ke~ Fc|gje~ |jmmbc` lchbe` phc Ejb~

@ bmms~p|jpc phc `baac|cenc~ lcpvcce hb~ cj|mr mbac je` hb~ mjpc| mbac

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Jsphk|~ N|jap

Jsphk|~ gjdc `cmblc|jpc nhkbnc~ be phc vk|`~ phcr s~c- phc vjr phcr~p|snps|c j ybcnc ka v|bpbef- je` phc pkec phcr n|cjpc be j ~cmcnpbke%Phc~c nhkbnc~ j|c cmcgcep~ ka phc jsphk|~ n|jap je` mcj` phc |cj`c| pkaccm je` |cjnp be vjr~ phjp phc jsphk| bepce`~%

Gj|d Pvjbe

Hc|c~ je cxjgymc ka j zsc~pbke jlksp jsphk|~ n|jap ~bgbmj| pk vhjp rks

gbfhp e` ke phc cxbp mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p% \cps|e pk ^syc|gje je`Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecv ^ekv~sbp ke yjfc~ :::6% \cqbcv yj|jf|jyh ::je` je~vc| phc zsc~pbke lcmkv%

Nhkbnc L b~ nk||cnp% Phc pkybn ~cepcenc |cj`~- Phc ph|cjp ka vj| vj~~ccybef be cqc|rvhc|c% Phc vk|` ~ccybef nkgyj|c~ phc bgyjnp ka phcvj| ke yckymc~ mbqc~ pk phc bgyjnp ka j f|j`sjmmr mcjdbef mbzsb`%Yj|jf|jyh :: `kc~ ekp gcepbke jer |cjm Ejb ~km`bc|~- ~k Nhkbnc J b~benk||cnp% Nhkbnc~ N je` @ j|c benk||cnp lcnjs~c phcr j|c ~ycnbn|cac|cenc~ phjp `k ekp nkeqcr phc bepcepbke ka phc vk|` ~ccybef%

Be yj|jf|jyh ::- phc jsphk| s~c~ phc vk|` ~ccybef pk

J bmms~p|jpc hkv ph|cjpcebef phc Ejb ~km`bc|~ j|c

L ~hkv phjp phc vj| b~ f|j`sjmmr nhjefbef yckymc~ mbqc~

N cxymjbe vhr G|~% Acbe f|kv~ phbe je` yjmc

@ ~p|c~~ phc bgyk|pjenc ka ^hcm`ke Acbe~ senmc Gjnr be phc lkr~mbac

NK\LB^


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N|c`blbmbpr ka Beak|gjpbke ^ks|nc~

Nj|casm |cj`c|~ hjqc phcb| |j`j| ke j~ phcr |cj` beak|gjpbkejm pcxp%Phcr gkebpk| phc pcxp pk `cpc|gbec vhcphc| bp b~ p|s~pvk|phr- j~dbefzsc~pbke~ ~snh j~ B~ phb~ ~ks|nc n|c`blmc;

Phc vk|` n|c`blmc gcje~ `c~c|qbef lcmbca% Vhce rks jejmrc phcn|c`blbmbpr ka beak|gjpbke ~ks|nc~- rks os`fc vhcphc| phc ~ks|nc~ j|clcmbcqjlmc%

Hc|c j|c ~kgc ~ycnbn zsc~pbke~ pk j~d pk cqjmsjpc phc n|c`blbmbpr kabeak|gjpbke ~ks|nc~?

Vhjp b~ phc jsphk|~ ykbep ka qbcv; Vhjp b~ hb~ k| hc||cmjpbke~hby pk phc pkybn; B~ phc jsphk| j |c~ycnpc` jsphk|bpr kephc pkybn;

@kc~ phc jsphk| ~ccg pk hjqc yc|~kejm gkpbqc~ ak| y|kqb befphb~ beak|gjpbke;

@kc~ phc jsphk| ~syyk|p kybebke~ vbph ~kse` |cj~ke~; Hkv ns||cep b~ phc beak|gjpbke;

Beak|gjpbke be vcmm'dekve cenrnmkyc`bj~- jmgjejn~- je` jpmj~c~ b~s~sjmmr |cmbjlmc% \cgcglc| phjp phc Bepc|ecp b~ j hsfc ~ks|nc kabeak|gjpbke~kgc ka bp |cmbjlmc je` ~kgc ka bp ekp ~k |cmbjlmc% Yjrnmk~c jppcepbke pk phc ~ks|nc ka beak|gjpbke ke j vcl~bpc% Ak| cxjgymc-~ks|nc~ vhk~c Vcl j``|c~~c~ ce` be phc akmmkvbef j|c s~sjmmr |cmbjlmc?

%c`s (c`snjpbke" %fkq (fkqc|egcep"

%gbm (gbmbpj|r"

Hc|c~ je cxjgymc ka j zsc~pbke jlksp n|c`blbmbpr ~bgbmj| pk vhjp rksgbfhp e` ke phc cxbp mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p% \cps|e pk F|kvbef SyLmjnd be Ejb Fc|gjer ke yjfc~ :8% \cqbcv phc ~cmcnpbke je`je~vc| phc zsc~pbke lcmkv%

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N Lr `c~n|blbef kec ka Hbpmc|~ ~yccnhc~

@ Lr mb~pbef phc qj|bks~ f|ksy~ phc Ejb~ `b~n|bgbejpc` jfjbe~p

36


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Hc|c~ je cxjgymc ka j zsc~pbke ~bgbmj| pk kec rks gbfhp ~cc ke phccxbp mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p% \cqbcv phc gkqbc yk~pc| ke yjfc


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Hc|c j|c ~kgc cxjgymc~ ka ~hk|p'je~vc| zsc~pbke~ rks gbfhp e` ke phccxbp mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p% \cps|e pk ^syc|gje je` Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecvêkv~sbp ke yjfc~ :::6 je` |cqbcv phc ~pk|r% Phce |cj` phc zsc~pbkeje` ~jgymc |c~yke~c~ lcmkv%

^nk|c Ykbep 9

^nk|c Ykbep :

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11

Phb~ ~ps`cepkaac|~ kemr jfcec|jm b`cj% Phc

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^nk|c Ykbep

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16

Phb~ ~ps`cepkaac|~ phc|cj~kejlmc je`~ycnbabn b`cj phjp

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\cqbcv F|kvbef Sy Lmjnd be Ejb Fc|gjer ke yjfc~ :8 lcak|c|cj`bef phc zsc~pbke je` ~jgymc |c~yke~c~ lcmkv%

^nk|c Ykbep 9

^nk|c Ykbep :

Phc jsphk| ka phc ~cmcnpbke phksfhp phc Ejb Yj|pr pk lc jyycjmbeflcnjs~c ka phc vjr phcr y|c~cepc` phcg~cmqc~% Hc gjdc~ j nkggcep jlksp

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18

Phb~ ~ps`cep`kc~ ekp je~vc|

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phc pcxp |jphc|phje ~syyk|pbefphc jejmr~b~vbph ~ycnbabnpcxp cqb`cenc%


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^nk|c Ykbep

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12

Phb~ ~ps`cepkaac|~ phc b`cj

phjp phc

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Phb~ ~ps`cep~dbmmasmmrnkglbec~ ~ycnbabn

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be~bfhpasmjejmr~b~%



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Ekv |cqbcv lkph ^syc|gje je` Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecv ^ekv~sbp je`F|kvbef Sy Lmjnd be Ejb Fc|gjer lcak|c |cj`bef phc zsc~pbke je`~jgymc |c~yke~c~ lcmkv%

^nk|c Ykbep 9

^nk|c Ykbep :

Be phc~c ~cmcnpbke~- lkph nhbm`|ce hjqc phcb| vk|m` ka yc|acnp ajepj~r~gj~hc` lr j nhbmmbef |cjmbpr% Phc ej||jpk| ka phc ab|~p ~pk|r |cjmbc~ phjp

os~pbnc vbmm ekp jmvjr~ p|bsgyh vhce ~hc b~ v|kefmr jnns~c` je` phc ej||jpk|ka phc ~cnke` ~pk|r hj~ hb~ yc|acnp ybnps|c ka Ejb~g `c~p|krc` vhce hcb~ n|scmmr hcm` sy j~ je cxjgymc ka |jnbjm bgys|bpr%

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Hkv b~ phc mk~~ ka beekncenc je bgyk|pjep nkencyp be ^syc|gje

je` Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecv ^ekv~sbp je` F|kvbef Sy Lmjnd be EjbFc|gjer; ^syyk|p rks| je~vc| vbph cqb`cenc a|kg lkph ~cmcnpbke~%


69

Phb~ ~ps`cepj``|c~~c~ phcnhbm`|ce~beekncenc lsp`kc~ ekp j``|c~~

phc mk~~ ka

beekncenc%

Phb~ ~ps`cep

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phc mk~~ kabeekncenc knns|~be cjnh ~cmcnpbkelsp y|kqb`c~ ek

pcxp cqb`cenc ak|phc ab|~p

~cmcnpbke je`kemr j fcec|jm

pcxp |cac|cencak| phc ~cnke`~cmcnpbke%


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^nk|c Ykbep

Lkph ej||jpk|~ j|c be phc ~jac p|jenc ka nhbm`hkk` sepbm phcr ~cc phc kf|cka hsgje ejps|c ak| vhjp bp b~% Phc fb|m~ `|cjg~ ka amrbef vbph ^syc|gje-cxcnspbef ~s``ce |c~nsc~- je` lcbef beqbenblmc j|c `j~hc` vhce eklk`r-benms`bef hc| gkphc|- lcmbcqc~ ~hc b~ beekncep% Vhr `b`ep rks pcmm gc phjp

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p|kkyc|~% B fkp gr ab|~p bedmbef ka phc `jefc| phc Ejb |cfbgc gbfhp yk~cpk gc%Lkph nhbm`|ce mk~p phc y|kgb~c ka hjyyr'cqc|'japc| ce`bef~%

Phc mk~~ ka beekncenc b~ je bgyk|pjep nkencyp be lkph ~cmcnpbke~% Phcej||jpk| ka ^syc|gje je` Yjsmj L|kve~ Ecv ^ekv~sbp fkc~ ph|ksfh j

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6:

Phb~ ~ps`cepcxymjbe~ hkvlkph phcej||jpk| je`

phc jsphk|cxyc|bcenccqcep~ phjpak|nc phcg pknhjefc phcb|beekncep qbcvka mbac% ^ycnbabn

pcxp cqb`cenc b~fbqce ak| lkph~cmcnpbke~%

Phb~ ~ps`cepjejmrc~ phcb`cj phjp phcej||jpk|~ mk~c

phcb| beekncencvhce phcr|cjmbc phjp mbac

b~ ekp j ajb|rpjmc vbph hjyyr'cqc|'japc|ce`bef~% Phc~ps`cep ~hkv~j `ccyse`c|~pje`bef ka

phc ~cmcnpbke~ lr~syyk|pbef phb~b`cj vbphyj|pbnsmj|mr

be~bfhpasm pcxpcqb`cenc%



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Zsc~pbke 3

Vhbnh vk|` lc~p b`cepbc~ vhjp ^syc|gje

|cy|c~cep~ ak| phc ej||jpk|;

J Be`cyce`cenc

L Bepcmmbfcenc

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Zsc~pbke 6

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J fmjenc

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Zsc~pbke 8

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Je~vc| Dcr? yjfc 62

Je~vc| Dcr? yjfc 62

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Zsc~pbke


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Zsc~pbke : (yjfc 6 (yjfc 6"

Nhkbnc N b~ nk||cnp% Be yj|jf|jyh :1 phc ej||jpk|~jr~ ~hc vjep~ ^syc|gje pk ~gj~h phc rcmmkv gcevhk beqj`c hc| `|cjg~% Phb~ be`bnjpc~ phjp ~hc ~cc~^syc|gje j~ j y|kpcnpk|% Phc|c b~ ek cqb`cenc be phcpcxp phjp ^syc|gje |cy|c~cep~ be`cyce`cenc-bepcmmbfcenc- k| ys|bpr- ~k Nhkbnc~ J- L- je` @ j|cbenk||cnp%

Zsc~pbke 1 (yjfc 6>"

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Nhkbnc N b~ nk||cnp% Phc jsphk| v|bpc~ phjp hb~gkphc| hj` j f|kvbef ~ce~c kaak|clk`bef% Phc

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Nhkbnc @ b~ nk||cnp% Yj|jf|jyh > |cj`~- Vhcecqc|phc Ah|c| j``|c~~c` phc Fc|gje yckymc % % % jmmbe~p|snpbke njgc pk j gje`jpc` hjmp% Nhkbnc~ J- L-je` N j|c benk||cnp% Phc pcxp `kc~ ekp ~pjpc phjpyj|j`c~- |cac|ce`sg~- k| cmcnpbke qbnpk|r ncmcl|jpbke~hjmpc` be~p|snpbke% Phc yj|j`c- |cac|ce`sg- je`ncmcl|jpbke `c~n|blc` be yj|jf|jyh~ 1 ph|ksfh 8knns| ke j ^se`jr%

Zsc~pbke 2 (yjfc 60"

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\cj`bef Je~vc| Dcr

Zsc~pbke :9 (yjfc 60"

Nhkbnc N b~ nk||cnp% Phc jsphk| v|bpc~ phjp Hbpmc|lcnkgbef nhjencmmk| ~pb||c` lj|cmr j |byymc be phcecbfhlk|hkk`% Phb~ nkgyj|c~ phc yckymc~ |cjnpbkepk ~gjmm vjqc~ ke phc ~s|ajnc ka vjpc| njs~c` lr jl|ccc k| ~kgc kphc| ~mbfhp `b~ps|ljenc% J |byymc

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Zsc~pbke :: (yjfc 60"

Nhkbnc Jb~ nk||cnp% Je jspklbkf|jyhr b~ phc ~pk|r kakec~ kve mbac v|bppce lr kec~cma% Phc bep|k`snpbkebe`bnjpc~ phjp phc jsphk| b~ |cnjmmbef p|sc mbaccxyc|bcenc~- je` phc nbpjpbke jp phc ce` b`cepbc~ phc~cmcnpbke j~ je cxnc|yp a|kg@c~pbec` pk Vbpec~~- lrHje~ O% Gj~~jzskb% J pcxplkkd- yj|jlmc- k| hb~pk|bnjmekqcm vksm` ekp lc kec yc|~ke~ p|sc mbac ~pk|r- ~kNhkbnc~ L- N- je` @ j|c benk||cnp%

Zsc~pbke :< (yjfc 60"

Nhkbnc L b~ nk||cnp% Phc vk|`~p|sp gcje~ pk vjmd be jqjbe- ~vjffc|bef gjeec|- ~k bp ~sffc~p~ phjp phcEjb~ hjqc j y|b`casm jppbps`c% Phc vk|` b~ ekp|cmcqjep pk vhr phc Ejb~ nhk~c phjp ecbfhlk|hkk`- ~kNhkbnc J b~ benk||cnp% Phc vk|` ~hkv~ phjp phcr j|cphc kyyk~bpc ka |cmsnpjep- ~k Nhkbnc N b~ benk||cnp% Je`phc vk|` |cac|~ pk phc Ejb~ jppbps c- ekp phcjsphk|~- ~k Nhkbnc @ b~ benk||cnp%

Zsc~pbke :> (yjfc 63"

Nhkbnc Jb~ nk||cnp% Be yj|jf|jyh :


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\cj`bef Je~vc| Dcr

Zsc~pbke :2 (yjfc 61"

Nhkbnc N b~ nk||cnp% Phc yk~pc| b~ je j`qc|pb~cgcepak| j ph|bmmc| gj`c lr j nkgyjer phjp y|kp~ lr~cmmbef pbndcp~% ^benc phc gkqbc b~ j nkggc|nbjm mg-bp b~ sembdcmr phjp phc gjdc|~ ka phc yk~pc| j|cbepc|c~pc` be c`snjpbef phc yslmbn jlksp phc

bgyk|pjenc ka os~pbnc be j fcec|jm ~ce~c- ~k Nhkbnc Jb~ benk||cnp% Kemr j qc|r ~gjmm a|jnpbke ka phc yk~pc|~js`bcenc vksm` lc jlmc pk qkpc ak| phc Jnj`cgr

Jvj|`~- ~k Nhkbnc L b~ benk||cnp% ^benc phc yk~pc|`kc~ ekp ~jr phc gkqbc b~ j p|sc ~pk|r- vc nje beac|phjp ^bgke b~ j npbkejm nhj|jnpc|- ~k Nhkbnc @ b~jm~k benk||cnp4 phc|c b~ ekphbef |cj`c|~ nje `k pk hcmynmcj| j npbkejm nhj|jnpc|~ ejgc%

Zsc~pbke


85/157

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

80

Hkv Vbmm Gr Nkgyk~bpbke Lc ^nk|c`;

Ke phc y|kgyp yjfc ka phc PJD^ CMJ pc~p- j lkx mbdc phc kec lcmkvvbmm jyycj|% Phc ykbep~ mb~pc` be phc lkx vbmm hcmy rks |cgcglc| vhjppk phbed jlksp j~ rks v|bpc%

Phc~c ykbep~ j|c phc ~jgc kec~ phjp ~nk|c|~ vbmm nke~b`c| j~ phcrcqjmsjpc |c~yke~c~% J~ phcr |cj` cjnh |c~yke~c- ~nk|c|~ phbed jlkspphc akmmkvbef?

B~ phc |c~yke~c jlksp phc j~~bfec` pkybn;

@kc~ phc v|bpbef ~ccg phksfhpasm je` bepc|c~pbef; @k |cj`c|~fcp j ~ce~c ka vhk phc v|bpc| b~; @kc~ phc v|bpbef ~kse`jsphcepbn je` k|bfbejm;

Hkv vcmm `kc~ cjnh ~cepcenc nkep|blspc pk phc nkgyk~bpbke;B~ phc |cmjpbke~hby lcpvcce b`cj~ nmcj|; @k phc bep|k`snpbke je`nkenms~bke j`` `cyph; B~ phc|c j ~ce~c ka nkgymcpcec~~;

J|c b`cj~ nmcj| je` cj~r pk akmmkv; B~ phc nkgyk~bpbke vcmmk|fjebc`; B~ phc y|kf|c~~bke ka phksfhp ~gkkph je` nkep|kmmc`;J|c p|je~bpbke~ s~c` caacnpbqcmr;

Hkv gsnh `cyph b~ y|c~cep be phc b`cj~; J|c phc b`cj~`cqcmkyc` asmmr je` phksfhpasmmr;

Hj~ phc |c~yke~c lcce y|kka|cj`; @k c||k|~ be ~ycmmbef-njybpjmbjpbke- ysenpsjpbke- f|jggj|- s~jfc- k| ~cepcenc~p|snps|c gjdc phc nkgyk~bpbke nkeas~bef- senmcj|- k| `bansmppk |cj`;

\CGCGLC\ RKS ^HKSM@

v|bpc jlksp phc j~~bfec` pkybn

gjdc rks| v|bpbef phksfhpasm je` bepc|c~pbef

gjdc ~s|c phjp cjnh ~cepcenc rks v|bpc nkep|blspc~ pk rks|nkgyk~bpbke j~ j vhkmc

gjdc ~s|c phjp rks| b`cj~ j|c nmcj| je` cj~r ak| phc |cj`c| pkakmmkv

v|bpc jlksp rks| b`cj~ be `cyph ~k phjp phc |cj`c| b~ jlmc pk`cqcmky j fkk` se`c|~pje`bef ka vhjp rks j|c ~jrbef

y|kka|cj` rks| v|bpbef pk nk||cnp c||k|~ be ~ycmmbef-njybpjmbjpbke- ysenpsjpbke- f|jggj|- je` ~cepcenc ~p|snps|c


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^nk|c Ykbep :

J ~befmc cqcep nje hjqc j mj~pbef caacnp ke j yc|~ke~ mbac%

Vcjphc| phc cqcep caacnp~ phc yc|~ke be j fkk` k| lj` gjeec|- phc

gcgk|bc~ je` nke~czscenc~ a|kg phjp cqcep nje ~pjr vbph phcg ak|cqc|%Je cxjgymc ka je cqcep phjp vksm` hjqc j yk~bpbqc mj~pbef caacnp ke

j yc|~ke~ mbac vksm` lc je cqcep ~snh j~ f|j`sjpbke a|kg Hbfh ^nhkkm k|

nkmmcfc% Cqcep~ ~snh j~ phc~c nje jmmkv phc yc|~ke pk nkepbesc phcb| mbac

je` ~cp phcg ke f|cjp yjph ak| j ~snnc~~asm asps|c% Phcr nje jm~k y|kqb`c

phcg vbph mj~pbef gcgk|bc~ ka hjyybec~~%

Je cxjgymc ka je cqcep phjp vksm` hjqc j ecfbpbqc mj~pbef caacnp ke

j yc|~ke~ mbac vksm` lc je cqcep phjp beqkmqc` l|cjdbef mjv~% Gjernke~czscenc~ nkgc jmkef vbph phc l|cjdbef ka mjv~ ~snh j~ abec~- ojbm- je`

j gj|d ke j yc|gjecep |cnk|` phjp nksm` fk j~ aj| j~ y|cqcepbef nc|pjbe

okl~ je` |bfhp~%

Cqcep~ ~snh j~ phc~c nje hjqc j mkef mj~pbef je` bgyjnpasm

jaacnp~ ke j yc|~ke~ mbac je` nje jmm lc yk~bpbqc caacnp~ ba phc |bfhp

`cnb~bke~ j|c gj`c%

81

Phc v|bpc|jppcgyp~ pk`b~ns~~ hkv j~befmc cqcep njehjqc fkk` k|lj`nke~czscenc~

phjp |cgjbeak|cqc|%

Phc `cqcmkygcepkqc|jmm b~ fcec|jmje` qjfsc-gjdbef phcnkgyk~bpbkebecaacnpbqc%

Phc|c b~ mbppmc k|ek ~ce~c ka phc

v|bpc|~ qkbnc%

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

^kgc c||k|~j|c cqb`cep-lsp phc~c

c||k|~ `k ekpgjdc phcv|bpbefsenmcj|%


88/157

^nk|c Ykbep

Jer cqcep be mbac nje nhjefc rks ak|cqc|- vhcphc| bp lc ~kgcphbef qc|r

~gjmm phjp vbmm pjdc jvhbmc pk nhjefc rks k| ~kgcphbef lbf phjp vbmm hjqc je

bggc`bjpc bgyjnp% ^kgcpbgc~ bp nje pjdc jvhbmc pk abfs|c ksp phjp rks| mbac hj~nhjefc` lcnjs~c ka ~kgcphbef phjp hj~ hjyycec`% Vhce j ~bfebabnjep cqcep

knns|c` be gr mbac- B decv |bfhp phce phjp B vksm` lc nhjefc` ak|cqc|%

B s~c` pk lc je kemr nhbm`- je` lcbef je kemr nhbm`- B vj~ ~ykbmc`

je` `cgje`bef% B s~sjmmr fkp cqc|rphbef B vjepc` je` |cjmmr phksfhp ekphbef ka

bp% B os~p vjepc` gk|c% Kec `jr- ak| j y|kocnp jp nhs|nh- vc hj` pk `cmbqc|

akk` pk j hkgcmc~~ ~hcmpc|% ^k gr yj|cep~ je` B vcep ksp je` lksfhp phbef~

pk pjdc pk phc ~hcmpc|% B `bèp |cjmmr phbed jerphbef vksm` nkgc ksp ka ks|caak|p- lsp ~kgcphbef `b`% Gr mbac vksm` lc nhjefc` ak|cqc|% Ke ks| vjr pk phc

~hcmpc|- B vj~ nkgymjbebef phjp B `bèp vjep pk fk lcnjs~c B vj~ hsef|r

je` hj` gb~~c` l|cjdaj~p% Gr yj|cep~ ~jb` phjp bp `bèp gjppc| je` phjp vc

vksm` fk cjp japc| vc ac` phc yckymc jp phc ~hcmpc|% Vhce vc fkp phc|c- bp vj~

yjndc`% Phc|c vc|c yckymc jmm kqc| phc ymjnc% Je` ekp jmm ka phcg vc|c hkgcmc~~-

~kgc hj` hkgc~ lsp hj` qc|r mbppmc pk cjp% Vhce B ~pj|pc` pk hcmy hje` ksp

akk`- B ~jv yckymc~ ajnc~ mbfhp sy% Cqc|r pbgc B ~jv phcg ~gbmc- B hj` jls|ebef ~ce~jpbke be gr nhc~p phjp B hj` ecqc| cxyc|bcenc` lcak|c% Bp acmp

fkk`* B decv phce phjp phc|c vc|c gjer kphc| yckymc lc~b`c~ gr~cma- je` j

esglc| ka phcg vc|c mc~~ ak|psejpc% Japc| gk~p ka phc yckymc hj` fkppce phcb|

akk`- B |cjmbc phjp bp acmp gsnh lcppc| phje fcppbef ~kgcphbef ak| gr~cma% Ke

phc vjr hkgc- B ~jp zsbcpmr- yke`c|bef vhjp B nksm` hjqc `kec be phc yj~p

phjp vksm` hjqc hcmyc` kphc| yckymc lc~b`c~ gc%

J~ rks nje ~cc- rks| mbac nje lc nhjefc` jp jer pbgc je` ke jerknnj~bke% Lcak|c fkbef pk phc ~hcmpc|- B vj~ qc|r ~cmab~h- lsp japc| phb~

cxyc|bcenc B lcnjgc gk|c nj|bef% B ecqc| phksfhp bp vksm` nhjefc gr mbac- lsp bp

`b` je` B jg gsnh hjyybc| vbph gr~cma ekv%

88

Phc v|bpc| kaphb~ nkgyk~bpbkenkglbec~yc|~kejm|camcnpbke vbphbej ej||jpbqck|fjebjpbkejm~p|jpcfr pkcxymjbe hkv~c|qbef akk` jpj ~hcmpc|nhjefc` hc| mbacak|cqc|%

Phc y|kf|c~~bkeka phksfhp j~

phc v|bpc|gkqc~ a|kg j~ykbmc`-`cgje`bef nhbm`

pk j gk|c nj|befyc|~ke b~fcec|jmmr~gkkph je`nkep|kmmc`%

Jmphksfh phc

beak|gjpbkejlksp cqcep~ be

phc ~hcmpc| b~gk|c `cqcmkyc`

phje phcy|cnc`befyj|jf|jyh jlksp

phc v|bpc|~ljndf|kse`-

phc|c b~ ceksfhkqc|jmm

`cqcmkygcep pky|kqb`c `cyph%

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

Caacnpbqc vk|`nhkbnc j``~jsphcepbnbprje`k|bfbejmbpr%

Fkk` nkep|kmka nkeqcepbke~cehjenc~ phczsjmbpr ka phc|c~yke~c%


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^nk|c Ykbep 0

Mbac b~ gj`c sy ka cqcep~- gk~p ~k ~gjmm phjp phcr yj~~ lr

vbphksp jer |cjm bgyk|pjenc- kphc|~ gjdc rks ~pky je` phbed ak| j vhbmc-

lsp rks cqcepsjmmr gkqc ke4 je` phce phc|c j|c phk~c phjp hbp rks ~k hj|`phjp phcr nhjefc rks- je` lcnkgc j yj|p ka vhk rks j|c% Bp~ bgyk~~blmc

pk ~cc phcg nkgbef- lsp cqce japc| phcr yj~~ phcr ~pjr vbph rks- ak|

lcppc| k| ak| vk|~c%

Gr gkg- pk gc- vj~ os~p gr gkphc|% ^kgcvhc|c lcpvcce ymjrbef vbph

`kmm~ je` mcj|ebef pk `|bqc B mk~p vhk gr gkphc| vj~% B mk~p phjp ecc` pk

ymcj~c hc|- phjp ecc` pk lc ebnc- phjp ecc` pk |cgcglc| ~hc~ hsgje% Pk

gc gr gkphc| lcnjgc j |klkp vbphksp accmbef~- phc|c pk gjdc gc akk`- nmcjegr |kkg- je` vj~h gr nmkphc~4 ba ~hc jeekrc` gc k| `bèp `k ~kgcphbef

aj~p ceksfh- B acmp nkgycmmc` pk pcmm hc|%

Lsp phce gr F|cjp'F|je`yj lcnjgc qc|r ~bnd% B hj` hcj|` ~pk|bc~

ka gr gkg~ nhbm`hkk`- je` B decv bp hj` lcce |ksfh% B jm~k decv hc|

f|je ajphc| gcjep gk|c pk hc| phje jerkec be phc vk|m`- vhbnh b~ vhr hb~

`rbef vj~ ~k hj|` ak| hc|% Bp hj` lcce j ~mkv `cjph- vbph gjer qb~bp~ a|kg

gr gkg% Cqc|r pbgc vc ~jv hbg hb~ gcgk|r fkp vk|~c je` hb~ ajnc lcnjgc

gk|c ~bndmr- je` cqc|r pbgc vc mcap gr gkg mkkdc` j mbppmc km`c|- j mbppmc

~bndc|- je` j mbppmc gk|c pb|c`% Lr phc pbgc gr F|cjp'F|je`yj yj~~c` jvjr

gr gkphc| hj` gj`c j vjmm j|kse` hc|- vhbnh ek hsgje cgkpbke nksm` yj~~

ph|ksfh% Japc| phc asec|jm vc vcep hkgc- je` gr gkphc| vcep pk lc`% B vcep

pk ymjr ke phc nkgyspc|% Hkvcqc|- kemr j acv gbespc~ mjpc| B hcj|` j ekb~c

nkgbef ksp ka gr yj|cep~ |kkg- vhce B vjmdc` be B ~jv gr gkg n|rbef- phc

ab|~p je mj~p pbgc B vksm` cqc| ~cc hc| n|r% B ~jp `kve ecxp pk gr gkg-

ekp dekvbef vhjp pk ~jr- lsp B `bèp hjqc pk ~jr jerphbef- ~hc `b`% Gr

gkg ~ybmmc` ksp ~pk|bc~ B` ecqc| hcj|`% ^kgc vc|c jlksp hc| vhce ~hc

vj~ j mbppmc fb|m je` kphc|~ a|kg vhce ~hc vj~ km`c|- lsp gr f|cjp'f|je`yj

82

Be phb~ akns~c`nkgyk~bpbke- phc

v|bpc| |cnksep~phc caacnp phc`cjph ka hc|

f|cjp'f|jeàjphc| hj`ke hc||cmjpbke~hby

vbph hc|gkphc|%

Phc v|bpc| s~c~j nkglbejpbkeka ~p|jpcfbc~yj|p ej||jpbqc-

yj|p|camcnpbqc

pk cxymjbe hc|nhjefc bejppbps`c pkvj|`hc| gkphc|a|kg lcak|c phcf|cjp'f|jeàjphc|~`cjph pk japc|%

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3


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Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

2?Mcj|e j ecv

mjefsjfc

Caacnp .


95/157

\cqb~bef

Vhce Gbnhjcm~ |ksfh `|jap vj~ nkgymcpc- hc lcfje |cqb~bef% Be phb~ ~pcyhc nkencep|jpc` ke hb~ b`cj~% Vc|c phcr bepc|c~pbef- nmcj|- je` asmmr`cqcmkyc` ak| phc |cj`c|; Hc `b` ekp vk||r jlksp nk||cnpbef ~ycmmbef-ysenpsjpbke- njybpjmbjpbke- k| f|jggj| c||k|~% Phjp vksm` nkgc mjpc|%


mj~pbef jaacnp ke phcg% Ak| cxjgymc- kec cqcep phjp nje nhjefc j yc|~ke~

mbac- je` phb~ b~ a|kg yc|~kejm cxyc|bcenc- b~ pk gkqc a|kg kec nksep|r pk

jekphc|% Phb~ cxjgymc b~ p|sc be gk~p nj~c~- lcnjs~c ba ~kgckec b~ lk|e

je` |jb~c` be jekphc| nksep|r je` phce gkqbef pk jekphc| kec- phcr ekp

kemr mcjqc phcb| k|bfbe~- lsp `k ekp dekv vhjp pk cxycnp- je` phb~ njs~c~

phcg pk nhjefc phcb| vjr ka mbac% Hc hj~ pk fcp s~c` pk `baac|cepns~pkg~- `baa|cep yckymc- je` cqce `baac|cep |cmbfbke~ je` mjefsjfc~% Phb~

nhjefc gjr lc lbf k| ~gjmm% Ak| cxjgymc- B gkqc` pk phc Sebpc` ^pjpc~

a|kg Gcxbnk Nbpr- kec ka phc lbffc~p nbpr~ be phc vk|m`- vbph pvcepr'abqc

gbmmbke yckymc mbqbef phc|c% Vhce gc je` gr ajgbmr gkqc` hc|c vc |cepc` j

hks~c be j pber pkve - phb~ vj~ ekp vhjp B vj~ s~c` pk- B mbqc` be j

ymjnc vhc|c mkp~ ka yckymc vjmdc` jmkef phc ~b`cvjmd~- vbph mkp~ ka ekb~c-

je` ejps|c nksm` kemr lc akse` be phc yslmbn yj|d~% B ecqc| hj` j ljndrj|`- k| ecqc| vcep ksp~b`c pk ymjr be phc ~p|ccp sepbm bp vj~ `j|d- je` B

jm~k ecqc| ~jv j nmcj| lmsc ~dr%



se`c|~pje` gc- B bepc|jnp vbph `baac|cep yckymc a|kg `baac|cep nsmps|c~-

je` phb~ gj`c gc |cjmbc phjp phc vk|m` b~ lbffc|- je` phb~ b~ j nksep|r

ka bggbf|jep~% B jg ekp phc kemr kec% Cqce phksfhp gr vhkmc y|c~ycnpbqcka mbac hj~ nhjefc`- B vbmm ecqc| ak|fcp gr yckymc- k| gr hb~pk|r- k| gr

|kkp~%

20

Bgy|kqc~ phc~cepcenc je`nmj|babc~ phcgjbe b`cj ka

phc yjyc|%

Phc~c `cpjbm~yjbep j ybnps|cak| phc |cj`c|je` j`` qkbnc%

J``bpbkejm

`cqcmkygcep~p|cefphce~nkenms~bke%

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

Phc~c `cpjbm~ j```cyph pk phc|c~yke~c je`gjdc bp gk|c

bepc|c~pbef%

cqcep hjyycec` pk gc

pk phc S%^%-

vbph kemr jlksp kec phks~je` yckymc% Phb~ jl~ce~c ka yckymc

Ekv B nje ~cc db`~ |b`bef phc|c lbdc~ ke phc ~b`cvjmd~ je` hcj| kphc| db`~ ymjrbef be phcb| ljndrj|`~% Cqc|rpbgc Bmkkd sy B nje ~cc phc ~se- phc nmks ~- je` phc lmsc ~dr cqc|rvhc|c%

B hjqc gj`c a|bce`~ vbph ~kgc db`~ hc|c vhk hjqc gkqc` pk phc S^ a|kg aj|phc| jvjr phje Gcxbnk%

gr Gcxbnk%

j lbffc| ymjnc% Phc S%^%

`cabebpcmr

j~ lbf j~ phjp k| bp gjr lc j~ ~gjmm j~ vjmdbef ksp~b`c je` qbcvbef phc vk|m`%

Ecvyj|jf|jyh

phc|c vc|c mkp~ ka nj|~ be phc ~p|ccp~

kec

Be Gcxbnk

k%

je`

jg

Ecvyj|jf|jyh


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Gb~~ycmmc` vk|`%

Gb~~ycmmc` vk|`%

Benk||cnphkgkergnhkbnc%

\se'ke

~cepcenc%

Cmbgbejpc qjfsc|cac|cenc~%

C`bpbef

Japc| Gbnhjcm~ |cqb~bke- hc lcfje phc y|knc~~ ka c`bpbef% Phb~ b~ vhce hcakse` je` nk||cnpc` phc c||k|~ be hb~ v|bpbef phjp gbfhp bepc|ac|c vbph hb~gc~~jfc% \cgcglc| phjp j `bnpbkej|r vbmm lc jqjbmjlmc `s|bef phb~ yk|pbkeka phc PJD^ CMJ pc~p pk hcmy rks nk||cnp ~ycmmbef c||k|~%


mj~pbef jaacnp ke phcg% kec cqcep phjp nje `cabebpcmr nhjefc j yc|~ke~ mbac b~

pk gkqc a|kg kec nksep|r pk jekphc|% Phb~ cqcep hjyycec` pk gc

ba ~kgckec b~ lk|e je |jb~c` be kec nksep|r je` phce gkqbef pk jekphc|

kec- phcr ekp kemr mcjqc phcb| k|bfbe~- lsp `k ekp dekv vhjp pk cxycnp- je`

phb~ njs~c~ phcg pk nhjefc phcb| vjr ka mbac% Hc hj~ pk fcp s~c` pk `baac|cep

ns~pkg~- `baa|cep yckymc- je` `baac|cep |cmbfbke~ je` mjefsjfc~% Phb~ nhjefc gjr lc

j~ lbf j~ phjp k| bp gjr lc j~ ~gjmm j~ vjmdbef ksp~b`c je` qbcvbef phc vk|m`%

Ak| cxjgymc- B gkqc` pk phc Sebpc` ^pjpc~ a|kg Gcxbnk Nbpr- kec ka

phc lbffc~p nbpr~ be phc vk|m`- vbph pvcepr'abqc gbmmbke yckymc mbqbef phc|c% Vhce

gc je` gr ajgbmr gkqc` pk phc S%^%- vc |cepc` j hks~c be j pber pkve vbph

kemr jlksp kec phks~je` yckymc% Phb~ jl~ce~c ka yckymc vj~ ekp vhjp B vj~

s~c` pk%Be Gcxbnk B mbqc` be j ymjnc vhc|c mkp~ ka yckymc vjmdc` jmkef phc

~b`cvjmd~- phc|c vc|c mkp~ ka nj|~ be phc ~p|ccp~- je` ejps|c nksm` kemr lc

akse` be phc yslmbn yj|d~%B ecqc| hj` j ljnd rj|` - je` ecqc| vcep

ksp~b`c pk ymjr be phc ~p|ccp B jm~k ecqc| ~jv j nmcj| lmsc ~dr% Ekv B nje

~cc db`~ |b`bef phc|c lbdc~ ke phc ~b`cvjmd~ je` hcj| kphc| db`~ ymjrbef be

phcb| ljndrj|`~% Cqc|rpbgc B mkkd sy % B nje ~cc phc ~se- phc nmks`~- je` phc

lmsc ~dr cqc|rvhc|c%



se`c|~pje` gc- B bepc|jnp vbph `baac|cep yckymc a|kg `baac|cep nsmps|c~- je`phb~ gj`c gc |cjmbc phjp phc vk|m` b~ j lbffc| ymjnc- Phc S%^% b~ j nksep|r

ka bggbf|jep~% B jg ekp phc kemr kec% B hjqc gj`c a|bce`~ vbph ~kgc

db`~ hc|c vhk hjqc gkqc` pk phc S%^% a|kg aj|phc| jvjr phje Gcxbnk% Cqce

phksfhp gr vhkmc y|c~ycnpbqc ka mbac hj~ nhjefc`- B vbmm ecqc| ak|fcp gr yckymc-

k| gr hb~pk|r- k| gr |kkp~ gr Gcxbnk%

23

Njybpjmbc phcab|~p vk|` ka j~cepcenc%

Gjdc ~s|c phjpy|kekse~ je`

qc|l~ be phb~yj|jf|jyh jf|cc%

V|kef ak|g kay|kekse s~c`%

Benk||cnp qc|lpce~c%

Gb~~ycmmc` vk|`%

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

Kec

phcb|

-

yc|~ycnpbqc

k%Ba

hc mcjqc~ hb~

k%

phksfh

k%Ekv

-Cqc|r pbgc

jl~cenc

nbpbc~

gr ajgbmr je` B

`baac|cep

Phb~ gkqck%

gkqc~

k%

caacnp hbg

-

hj~

gkqbef

`kc~

hb~

k%

hbg


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Yslmb~hbef

Japc| Gbnhjcm |cqb~c` je` c`bpc` hb~ vk|d- hb~ nkgyk~bpbke vj~ |cj`r ak|phc yslmb~hbef yhj~c% Hc nkybc` hb~ nk||cnpc` qc|~bke kepk j nmcje ~hccpka yjyc|%

Phc|c j|c gjer vjr~ j ~befmc cqcep be j yc|~ke~ mbac nje hjqc j mj~pbefcaacnp ke hbg% Kec cqcep phjp nje `cabebpcmr nhjefc j yc|~ke~ mbac b~ gkqbef a|kgkec nksep|r pk jekphc|% Phb~ cqcep hjyycec` pk gc%

Ba ~kgckec b~ lk|e je` |jb~c be kec nksep|r je` gkqc~ pk jekphc|kec- hc ekp kemr mcjqc~ hb~ k|bfbe~ lsp `kc~ ekp dekv vhjp pk cxycnp% Phb~ gkqcnjs~c~ hbg pk nhjefc hb~ vjr ka mbac% Hc hj~ pk fcp s~c` pk `baac|cep ns~pkg~-`baac|cep yckymc- je` `baac|cep |cmbfbke~ je` mjefsjfc~% Phb~ nhjefc gjr lc j~ lbfj~ phjp- k| bp gjr lc j~ ~gjmm j~ vjmdbef ksp~b`c je` qbcvbef phc vk|m`%

Ak| cxjgymc- B gkqc` pk phc Sebpc ^pjpc~ a|kg Gcxbnk Nbpr- kec ka phclbffc~p nbpbc~ be phc vk|m`- vbph pvcepr'abqc gbmmbke yckymc mbqbef phc|c% Vhce gr

ajgbmr je` B gkqc` pk phc S%^%- vc |cepc` j hks~c be j pber pkve vbph kemrjlksp kec phks~je` yckymc% Phb~ jl~cenc ka yckymc vj~ ekp vhjp B vj~ s~c`

pk% Be Gcxbnk B mbqc` be j ymjnc vhc|c mkp~ ka yckymc vjmdc` jmkef phc ~b`cvjmd~-phc|c vc|c mkp~ ka nj|~ be phc ~p|ccp~- je` ejps|c nksm kemr lc akse` be phcyslmbn yj|d~% B ecqc| hj` j ljndrj|` je` ecqc| vcep ksp~b`c pk ymjr be phc~p|ccp% B jm~k ecqc| ~jv j nmcj| lmsc ~dr% Ekv B nje ~cc db`~ |b`bef phcb| lbdc~

ke phc ~b`cvjmd~ je` hcj| kphc| db`~ ymjrbef be phcb| ljndrj|`~% Cqc|r pbgc Bmkkd sy- B nje ~cc phc ~se- phc nmks`~- je` phc lmsc ~dr cqc|rvhc|c%

Gkqbef pk phb~ ecv nksep|r gj`c gc nhjefc phc vjr B mbqc gr mbac% EkvB hjqc pk ~ycjd be j `baac|cep mjefsjfc be k|`c| ak| yckymc pk se`c|~pje` gc%B bepc|jnp vbph `baac|cep yckymc a|kg `baac|cep nsmps|c~- je` phb~ hj~ gj`c gc|cjmbc phjp phc vk|m` b~ j lbffc| ymjnc% Phc S%^% b~ j nksep|r ka bggbf|jep~% Bjg ekp phc kemr kec% B hjqc gj`c a|bce`~ vbph ~kgc db`~ hc|c vhk hjqc gkqc` pk

phc S%^% a|kg aj|phc| jvjr phje Gcxbnk% Cqce phksfh gr vhkmc yc|~ycnpbqc ka mbac

hj~ nhjefc`- B vbmm ecqc| ak|fcp gr yckymc- gr hb~pk|r- gr |kkp~- gr Gcxbnk%

21

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

Nkgyj|c phb~ qc|~bke pk phc|ksfh `|jap ke yjfc 2>%


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Ke Rks| Kve

Ekv rks nje p|r v|bpbef j nkgyk~bpbke s~bef phc y|kgyp ke phc ecxpyjfc% S~c phc ~jgc v|bpbef y|knc~~ phjp Gbnhjcm s~c` vhce hc v|kpchb~ nkgyk~bpbke% Phc akmmkvbef pby~ vbmm hcmy rks |cgcglc| phc ~pcy~ka phc v|bpbef y|knc~~%

Y|cv|bpcJapc| rks |cj` phc y|kgyp- n|cjpc j f|jyhbn k|fjebc| ~snh j~ j vk|`vcl- nms~pc| `bjf|jg- nhj|p- k| kspmbec% Rks vbmm e` phjp ysppbef rks|phksfhp~ bepk j qb~sjm ak|gjp vbmm hcmy rks k|fjebc rks| b`cj~%

Nkgyk~cJapc| rks hjqc l|jbe~pk|gc` b`cj~ be phc y|cv|bpbef ~pjfc- rks j|c|cj`r pk lcfbe v|bpbef% Rks| |~p `|jap vbmm y|kljlmr lc qc|r |ksfh% Rks~hksm` ekp cxycnp rks| |~p caak|p~ jp v|bpbef pk lc yc|acnp4 be ajnp- phcv|bpbef jp phb~ ~pjfc vbmm lc zsbpc seykmb~hc`% Rks| gjbe fkjm ~hksm` lcpk fcp rks| b`cj~ `kve ke yjyc|% Hc|c j|c ~kgc fsb`cmbec~ ak| v|bpbef j|ksfh `|jap?

@cnb`c ke rks| ys|yk~c je` js`bcenc lcak|c rks lcfbe%

Jmmkv ymcepr ka ~yjnc ak| mjpc| |cqb~bke~% Ba rks j|c s~bef mbec`yjyc|- rks gjr vjep pk v|bpc ke cqc|r kphc| mbec%

@kep vk||r ba rks| yjyc| b~ gc~~r k| ba bp nkepjbe~ gb~pjdc~%

\cqb~c

Vhce rks| `|jap b~ nkgymcpc`- gk~p ka rks| b`cj~ vbmm lc `kve keyjyc|% Yjs~c ak| j gkgcep je` phce |c|cj` rks| `|jap jmm phc vjrph|ksfh% Rks gjr vjep pk j`` k| `cmcpc vk|`~- ~cepcenc~- k| cqceyj|jf|jyh~% Rks gjr vjep pk gjdc nc|pjbe vk|`~ gk|c ~ycnbn% V|bpcrks| nhjefc~ lcpvcce phc mbec~ k| be phc gj|fbe~% @kep lc ~hr jlkspgjdbef lbf nhjefc~- ~snh j~ |cv|bpbef phc nkenms~bke k| gkqbef jyj|jf|jyh% J~ rks |cqb~c- j~d rks|~cma phc~c zsc~pbke~?

B~ phc v|bpbef bepc|c~pbef;

@kc~ cjnh ~cepcenc nkep|blspc pk phc nkgyk~bpbke;

J|c phc b`cj~ nmcj|mr ~pjpc` je` cj~r pk akmmkv;

J|c phc b`cj~ `cqcmkyc` be `cyph;

26

Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3


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Klocnpbqc~ 0 je` 3

28

C`bpLcak|c rks lcfbe |cv|bpbef rks| nkgyk~bpbke- pjdc j acv gbespc~ pky|kka|cj` bp% Vhce rks y|kka|cj`- rks j`` phc ejm ykmb~h pk rks|v|bpbef% \cj` ph|ksfh rks| yjyc| je` nk||cnp c||k|~ be ~ycmmbef-njybpjmbjpbke- ysenpsjpbke- f|jggj|- s~jfc- je` ~cepcenc ~p|snps|c%

Yslmb~hVhce rks j|c nkeqbenc` phjp rks| nkgyk~bpbke b~ nkgymcpc je`nk||cnp- nkyr bp kqc| j~ ecjpmr j~ yk~~blmc% Vhce rks hjqc eb~hc`v|bpbef- |c|cj` rks| nkgyk~bpbke pk gjdc ~s|c phjp rks hjqcep mcapjerphbef ksp k| gj`c gb~pjdc~ be nkyrbef%

^jgymc V|bpbef Y|kgyp

S~c phc y|kgyp lcmkv pk v|bpc j nkgyk~bpbke ke rks| kve%

Phc beak|gjpbke be phc lkx lcmkv vbmm hcmy rks |cgcglc| vhjp rks~hksm` phbed jlksp vhce rks v|bpc rks| nkgyk~bpbke%

\CGCGLC\ RKS ^HKSM@







V|bpc je c~~jr cxymjbebef phc bgyk|pjenc ka ~pje`bef sy jfjbe~pbeos~pbnc%


100/157

Y|cv|bpbef

22


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@|jap

:99


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@|jap

:9:


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105/157:90:90


108/157

Klocnpbqc 1

:96

^czscenc+Y|kf|c~~bke

Rksqc b`cepbc` ~kgc ~cepcenc~ phjp nje lc s~c` pk ~syyk|p phc b`cjke yjfc :91 je` ~kgc ~cepcenc~ phjp j|c ekp `b|cnpmr |cmjpc` pk bp% Hkv`k rks k|fjebc phc b`cj~ rks hjqc ~cmcnpc` ~k phjp rks| phksfhp~y|kf|c~~ mkfbnjmmr je` ~gkkphmr;

Ab|~p rks gs~p ysp phc ~syyk|pbef ~cepcenc~ be je k|`c| phjp rks||cj`c|~ vbmm lc jlmc pk akmmkv je` se`c|~pje`%

Mcp~ ~pj|p lr v|bpbef phc ~cepcenc~ rks ~cmcnpc` be phc k|`c| phcrjyycj|c` ke yjfc :91%

\cj` phc yj|jf|jyh jmks`% @kc~ bp ~kse` |bfhp; J|c phc ~cepcenc~be mkfbnjm k|`c|; ^benc kec ka phc ~cepcenc~ b~ ksp ka ymjnc- phc b`cj~ `kekp kv mkfbnjmmr% Vhbnh ~cepcenc b~ ksp ka ymjnc be phc yj|jf|jyhjlkqc; V|bpc phc ~cepcenc ke phc mbec~ lcmkv%

(:" @|bqbef mkef `b~pjenc~ nje lc lk|bef- lsp vhjp ba rks nksm`|cj` j fkk` lkkd vhbmc rks vc|c `|bqbef; (


112/157

Klocnpbqc 1

:::

^cepcenc ^p|snps|cNkgymcpc ^cepcenc~

Yckymc `k ekp jmvjr~ ~ycjd be nkgymcpc ~cepcenc~% Phcr nje s~c phcb|

hje`~- qknjm becnpbke~- je` ajnbjm cxy|c~~bke~ pk hcmy nkggsebnjpcgcjebef% Vhce rks v|bpc- hkvcqc|- rks hjqc kemr phc vk|`~ ke phcyjfc vbph vhbnh pk nkggsebnjpc% Phjp~ vhr rks gs~p s~c nkgymcpc~cepcenc~% Rks ecc` pk lc ~s|c rks| |cj`c|~ se`c|~pje` vhjp rks j|cp|rbef pk ~jr%

Phc akmmkvbef j|c cxjgymc~ ka nkgymcpc ~cepcenc~% Phc ~slocnp ka cjnh~cepcenc b~ se`c|mbec` kenc- vhbmc phc qc|l b~ se`c|mbec` pvbnc%

Be phc |~p ~cepcenc phc ~slocnp nkgc~ jp phc lcfbeebef ka phc ~cepcenc-lsp phjp b~ ekp jmvjr~ phc nj~c% Ekpbnc phjp phc ~slocnp be phc ~cnke`~cepcenc nkgc~ be phc gb``mc%

^cepcenc A|jfgcep~

J a|jfgcep b~ j f|ksy ka vk|`~ phjp `kc~ep cxy|c~~ j nkgymcpcphksfhp% S~sjmmr j a|jfgcep b~ gb~~bef cbphc| j ~slocnp k| j qc|l- lsp ja|jfgcep nje ~pbmm lc benkgymcpc cqce ba bp hj~ lkph j ~slocnp je` j

qc|l% Mkkd jp phc~c a|jfgcep~?

^benc ~cepcenc a|jfgcep~ ~pjpc benkgymcpc phksfhp~- cjnh ka phca|jfgcep~ jlkqc gs~p lc gb~~bef ~kgcphbef% Vhjp b~ cjnh a|jfgcepgb~~bef; Hkv nje phc a|jfgcep~ lc nk||cnpc`;

Be phc |~p a|jfgcep phc qc|l b~ gb~~bef% Lr j` bef phc qc|l vj~- vcgjdc phb~ a|jfgcep j nkgymcpc ~cepcenc%

Phc pcmc~nkyc be j p|j~h nje lchbe` phc ~je`vbnh ~hky vj~ beyc|acnp nke`bpbke%

Phc pcmc~nkyc be j p|j~h nje lchbe` phc ~je`vbnh ~hky beyc|acnp nke`bpbke%

Hjqc lcce vjbpbef ak| rcj|~ pk nhcc| ak| j y|kac~~bkejm ~yk|p~pcjg%

Phc |kkp~ ka phc p|cc `ccy vbphbe phc gs` jp phc njqc~cep|jenc%

Phc nhj|fbef |hbeknc|k~ p|jgymc` phc ls~hc~ je` ~gjmm p|cc~be bp~ yjph%

Se~s|c vhcphc| phc nkenc|p hj` ce`c`- phc n|kv` pcepjpbqcmrjyymjs`c`%

J nkgymcpc ~cepcencb~ j f|ksy ka vk|`~ phjpnkepjbe~ j ~slocnp je`j qc|l je` phjp ~pjpc~j nkgymcpc phksfhp%

:::


113/157::

Vhce phc b`cj~ be j |se'ke j|c nmk~cmr nkeecnpc`- phc|c b~ jekphc| vjrpk nk||cnp phc |se'ke% Rks nje ysp j ~cgbnkmke lcpvcce phc pvk~cepcenc~%

P|r BpMkkd jp phc ~cepcenc~ lcmkv% Nje rks e` ~kgc |se'ke ~cepcenc~;Gj|d cjnh |se'ke%

[[[[[[ :% J|ps|k akse` j j~hmbfhp ls|bc` be phc ~je` jp phc yj|dbp ~pbmm vk|dc`%

[[[[[[


115/157::0

Klocnpbqc 1

Jvdvj|` ^cepcenc~

^kgc ~cepcenc~ j|c nkgymcpc lsp ~pbmm nkeas~bef pk |cj`c|~ lcnjs~c phcb`cj~ j|c ekp cxy|c~~c` nmcj|mr% Phb~ dbe` ka ~cepcenc b~ njmmc` jejvdvj|` ~cepcenc%

Lcnjs~c ka phc vjr phc ~cepcenc b~ v|bppce- phc |cj`c| b~ mcap vbphzsc~pbke~%

Vhk y|kgb~c` pk vj~h phc ~vcjpc|;

B~ phb~ yc|~ke ~syyk~c` pk vj~h phc ~nj|a pkk;

Vj~ phc ~nj|a lk||kvc` k| vj~hc` japc| phc `jenc;

Phbed jlksp phc b`cj~ be phc ~cepcenc jlkqc% Hkv nje rks |cv|bpc phc

~cepcenc ~k phjp bp~ gcjebef b~ nmcj|; Hc|c b~ kec vjr?

Je`|cj lk||kvc` hc| gkphc|~ ~vcjpc| je` ~nj|a je` y|kgb~c` pkvj~h phcg lkph japc| phc `jenc%

Je`|cj lk||kvc` hc| gkphc|~ ~vcjpc|- je` phc y|kgb~c vj~ pk vj~hbp je` phc ~nj|a phjp ~hc lk||kvc`- pkk- japc| phc `jenc%


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Gb~ymjnc` Gk`babc|~

J gk`bc| b~ j vk|` k| yh|j~c phjp j``~ `cpjbm pk phc gcjebef kajekphc| vk|` k| yh|j~c% ^kgc ~cepcenc~ j|c nkeas~bef lcnjs~c jgk`bc| b~ be phc v|kef ymjnc%

@b` Je`r~ v|b~p ~pky vk|dbef; Ka nks|~c ekp- lsp phjp~ vhjp phc~cepcenc ~sffc~p~% Phc yh|j~c phjp ek mkefc| vk|dc` b~ gcjep pk gk`barphc vjpnh%

Mkkd jp phc nk||cnpc` ~cepcenc lcmkv%

Ekv phc gk`bc| b~ be phc |bfhp ymjnc%

P|r BpHc|c j|c ~kgc gk|c ~cepcenc~ vbph gb~ymjnc` gk`bc|~% \cv|bpccjnh ~cepcenc ~k phjp bp~ gcjebef b~ nmcj|%

Mkef je` `smm- Ajpbgj rjvec` je` vke`c|c` vhce phc ymjrvksm` lc kqc|%

Abejmmr lcfbeebef pk f|j~y phc nkencyp~ ka jmfcl|j- Qjm~ ~nk|cke mj~p vccd~ pc~p vj~ je 83%

Lbmmr je` Hc|gje vjpnhc` phc qc|r hsef|r lcj| pcj| ph|ksfhphcb| y|kqb~bke~- hb`bef be phc pcep%

Je`r pkkd phc vjpnh phjp ek mkefc| vk|dc` kaa hb~ v|b~p%

Je`r pkkd phc vjpnh kaa hb~ v|b~p phjp ek mkefc| vk|dc`%

Je~vc| Dcr? yjfc :3

NkggkeEkse

nksep|r

nksep|r

nkepbecep

Y|kyc| Ekse

Fc|gjer

Bpjmr

J~bj

Y|kyc| J`ocnpbqc (vbph jekse bp gbfhp gk`bar"

Fc|gje ~js~jfc

Bpjmbje ~hkc~

J~bje |c~pjs|jep


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Klocnpbqc 1

^ycmmbef

Bp b~ bgyk|pjep pk ~ycmm vk|`~ nk||cnpmr ~k phjp |cj`c|~ vbmm dekv vhjprks j|c p|rbef pk ~jr% Phc nhj|p lcmkv ~hkv~ ~kgc |smc~ pk hcmy rks~ycmm Cefmb~h vk|`~%

^bfhp Vk|`~

Ak| gjer Cefmb~h vk|`~ phc|c j|c ek ~ycmmbef |smc~ pk hcmy rks% Rks~bgymr hjqc pk y|jnpbnc je` |cgcglc| phc mcppc| yjppc|e~ be phc~cvk|`~% Hc|c j|c ~kgc cxjgymc~?

Bgyk|pjep Ekpc

Vhce rks j|c se~s|c ka j vk|`~ ~ycmmbef- s~c j `bnpbkej|r pk`kslmc'nhcnd% Phc gk|c pbgc~ rks ~cc je` v|bpc j vk|` nk||cnpmr-

phc gk|c mbdcmr rks j|c pk cqcepsjmmr |cgcglc| bp% \cgcglc|-hkvcqc|- phjp rks vbmm ekp lc jlmc pk s~c j `bnpbkej|r ke phc|cqb~bef je` c`bpbef ~cnpbke ka phc Cxbp Mcqcm PJD^ CMJ pc~p%

~bfebnjep ~ksqceb| jppbps`c pcnhebzsc

ecnc~~j|r p|bsgyh ~cyj|jpbke y|bgcqjm

:>3

\smc

Vhce j vk|` ce`~ be j ~hk|p qkvcmakmmkvc` lr kec nke~kejep- `kslmc phcnke~kejep lcak|c j``bef j ~sax phjp~pj|p~ vbph j qkvcm%

Vhce j vk|` ce`~ be j ~bmcep 'c- `|kyphc 'c lcak|c j``bef j ~sax phjp ~pj|p~vbph j qkvcm%

Vhce j vk|` ce`~ be 'r- nhjefc phc 'rpk 'b lcak|c j``bef j ~sax phjp ~pj|p~vbph j qkvcm%

Vhce j vk|` nkepjbe~ phc mcppc|~ b je`c pkfcphc|- phc |smc b~ b lcak|c c-cxncyp japc| n k| vhce ~kse`bef mbdcj - j~ be ecbfhlk|je` vcbfh%

Cxjgymc~

y|kycm $ 'c|7 y|kycmmc|nmjy $ 'bef 7 nmjyybef~mbg $ 'c~p 7 ~mbggc~p

nmcje~c $ 'c|7 nmcje~c|be~s|c $ 'jenc 7 be~s|jencl|cjphc $ 'bef 7 l|cjphbef

gsmpbymr $ 'c` 7 gsmpbymbc`a|bce`mr $ 'c~p 7 a|bce`mbc~p`|kv~r $ 'c|7 `|kv~bc|

`bcp- |cncbyp- ncbmbef (japc| n- ~kbp~ cb"ecbfhlk|- acbfe (~kse`~ mbdc j-~k bp~ cb"


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\cqb~bef je` C`bpbef j Yjyc|

Ekv phjp rks hjqc |cqbcvc` phc nkencyp~ phjp gs~p lc nke~b`c|c`vhce rks j|c p|rbef pk bgy|kqc phc nmj|bpr je` caacnpbqcec~~ ka j ybcncka v|bpbef- rks j|c |cj`r pk hcmy j acmmkv ~ps`cep |cqb~c je` c`bp hc|yjyc|%

Phc yjyc| ke phc ecxp pvk yjfc~ vj~ v|bppce lr je ::ph f|j`c| ejgc`Nmjb|c% \cj` Nmjb|c~ yjyc| je` j~d rks|~cma phc~c zsc~pbke~?

Hkv vcmm hj~ Nmjb|c k|fjebc` hc| yjyc|; @k hc| b`cj~ kvmkfbnjmmr a|kg kec pk phc ecxp; @kc~ ~hc ecc` pk benms`cj``bpbkejm `cpjbm~ pk ~syyk|p jer ka hc| b`cj~; @kc~ ~hc ecc` pkj`` p|je~bpbke vk|`~ k| yh|j~c~ pk nkeecnp jer ka hc| b`cj~;@kc~ ~hc ecc` pk |cgkqc jer cxp|jecks~ ~cepcenc~;

J|c Nmjb|c~ ~cepcenc~ nmcj| je` nkgymcpc; @kc~ phc yjyc|nkepjbe jer a|jfgcep~- |se'ke~- jvdvj|` ~cepcenc~- k|

|c`se`jep b`cj~; J|c phc|c ymjnc~ vhc|c Nmjb|c ecc`~ pk nkglbec~cepcenc~;

Hj~ Nmjb|c akmmkvc` phc |smc~ ka ~pje`j|` Cefmb~h; @kc~ cjnhqc|l jf|cc vbph bp~ ~slocnp; J|c phc qc|l~ be phc nk||cnp pce~c;Hj~ ~hc s~c` hkgkerg~ je` y|kekse~ nk||cnpmr; @kc~ ~hc hjqcjer `kslmc ecfjpbqc~ be phc yjyc|;

Hj~ Nmjb|c gj`c jer ysenpsjpbke- njybpjmbjpbke- k| ~ycmmbefc||k|~; @kc~ cjnh ~cepcenc- y|kyc| ekse- y|kyc| j`ocnpbqc- je``b|cnp zskpjpbke ~pj|p vbph j njybpjm mcppc|; J|c phc nkggj~-

~cgbnkmke~- nkmke~- jyk~p|kyhc~- je` zskpjpbke gj|d~ s~c`nk||cnpmr; J|c jmm phc vk|`~ ~ycmmc` nk||cnpmr;

J~ rks |cj` Nmjb|c~ yjyc|- rks gjr nkgc pk ~kgc vk|`~ k| ~cepcenc~phjp rks phbed ~hc ~hksm` nhjefc% Vhce phb~ hjyyce~- v|bpc ekpc~ bephc gj|fbe pk pcmm vhjp b~ v|kef je` hkv rks vksm` x bp% Vhce rksj|c eb~hc`- mkkd jp yjfc~ :>2:0


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S~bef phc ^dbmm~

:>8

(:2" ^kke bp vj~ pbgc pk fk hkgc% (


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S~bef phc ^dbmm~

Hkv ^hksm` Nmjb|c \cqb~c Hc| Yjyc|;

^cepcenc >

@b` rks ekpbnc j y|klmcg be ~cepcenc >; Mkkd jp phc ~cepcenc jfjbe

nj|casmmr%Hjqbef mbqc` be Amk|b`j gr cepb|c mbac- B decv phjp Cqc|fmj`c~Ejpbkejm Yj|d vc|c kec ka phc gk~p ykysmj| pks|b~p jpp|jnpbke~be phc nksep|r- lsp B ~pbmm vj~ep bepc|c~pc` be j pks|%

Mkkd jp phc qc|l vc|c% Phb~ qc|l ~hksm` jf|cc vbph phc ekse Cqc|fmj`c~Ejpbkejm Yj|d% Phc y|kyc| ekse b~ ~befsmj|% Phc ~cepcenc ~hksm` |cj`j~ akmmkv~?

Hjqbef mbqc` be Amk|b`j gr cepb|c mbac- B decv phjp Cqc|fmj`c~Ejpbkejm Yj|d vj~ kec ka phc gk~p ykysmj| pks|b~p jpp|jnpbke~be phc nksep|r- lsp B ~pbmm vj~ep bepc|c~pc` be j pks|%

^cepcenc 3

@b` rks b`cepbar j ~cepcenc'nke~p|snpbke y|klmcg hc|c; Mkkd jp phc~cepcenc jfjbe%

B gkyc` j|kse` phc hks~c- B vb~hc` B vksm` njpnh j nkm` ~k phjp Bvksm` hjqc je cxns~c pk ~pjr hkgc- lsp B ecqc| fkp j ~ebac k| j~eccc%

Phb~ b~ j |se'ke% B gkyc` j|kse` phc hks~c b~ j nkgymcpc phksfhp% Phcephc v|bpc| ~pj|p~ j ecv ~cepcenc vbph B vb~hc` B vksm` njpnh % % % Kemr jnkggj ~cyj|jpc~ phc pvk ~cepcenc~% Hkv nje rks nk||cnp phb~ |se'ke;

B gkyc` j|kse` phc hks~c je` vb~hc` B vksm` njpnh j nkm` ~k phjpB vksm` hjqc je cxns~c pk ~pjr hkgc% Lsp ecqc| fkp j ~ebac k|j ~eccc%

B gkyc` j|kse` phc hks~c% Vb~hbef B vksm` njpnh j nkm` ~k phjpB vksm` hjqc je cxns~c pk ~pjr hkgc lsp ecqc| fkp j ~ebac k|j ~eccc%

B gkyc` j|kse` phc hks~c- vb~hbef B vksm` njpnh j nkm` ~k phjpB vksm` hjqc je cxns~c pk ~pjr hkgc- lsp B ecqc| fkp j ~ebac k|j ~eccc%

Phc |~p nhkbnc njep lc |bfhp% Lsp ecqc| fkp j ~ebac k| j ~eccc b~ j

~cepcenc a|jfgcep%Phc ~cnke` nhkbnc njep lc |bfhp- cbphc|% Vb~hbef B vksm` njpnh j nkm` % % %b~ j a|jfgcep- pkk%

Phc phb|` nhkbnc b~ phc lc~p kec% Phc pvk yj|p~ ka phc |se'ke hjqc lccenkglbec` bepk kec ~cepcenc% Phc ~cnke` yj|p ka phc |se'ke ekvnkepjbe~ j yj|pbnbybjm yh|j~c ~cp kaa lr j nkggj%

:>2


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:09

^cepcenc~ 1:9

@b` phb~ yj|jf|jyh ~ccg j mbppmc `b~nkeecnpc` pk rks; \cj` phcyj|jf|jyh jfjbe% Akns~ ke phc y|kf|c~~bke ka b`cj~%

J|c phc b`cj~ be phb~ yj|jf|jyh y|c~cepc` be j mkfbnjm ~czscenc; Mkkd jp~cepcenc 6% Phb~ ~cepcenc pjmd~ jlksp G|~% Nkppke gjdbef phc ~ps`cep~

|cj` j l|knhs|c% Phce ~cepcenc 8 pcmm~ vhjp phc v|bpc| mcj|ec` a|kg phcl|knhs|c% Phc ~czscenc ~ccg~ mkfbnjm ~k aj|% Lsp ekv |cj` ~cepcenc 2%Phc v|bpc| cxymjbe~ phjp ~hc y|kn|j~pbejpc` jp |~p lsp phce |cj` phcgjpc|bjm% Phb~ ~cepcenc ~hksm` nkgc lcak|c ~cepcenc 8% Phc v|bpc| hj~pk |cj` phc gjpc|bjm lcak|c ~hc nje mcj|e ajnp~ jlksp phc ~h je` lb|`~be phc Cqc|fmj`c~%

Lr ~vbpnhbef ~cepcenc~ 8 je` 2- phc v|bpc| nje bgy|kqc phck|fjebjpbke ka phb~ yj|jf|jyh%

^cepcenc ::

B~ ~cepcenc :: nmcj|; @k rks se`c|~pje` vhjp phc v|bpc| b~ p|rbef pk~jr; Mkkd jp phc ~cepcenc jfjbe%

Bp vj~ j~ ~kke j~ ks| f|ksy j||bqc` vhce vc lkj|`c` j p|jg phjpvcep :3 gbmc~ ph|ksfh ^hj|d Qjmmcr%

Phb~ ~cepcenc b~ nkeas~bef lcnjs~c bp~ jvdvj|`% Phc b`cj~ j|c ekpy|c~cepc` be j nmcj| je` mkfbnjm vjr% Vhbnh ka phc akmmkvbef b~ phc gk~pcaacnpbqc vjr pk |cv|bpc phc b`cj~ be phb~ ~cepcenc;

Bp vj~ j~ ~kke j~ ks| f|ksy j||bqc` vhce vc lkj| c` j p|jg- vcvcep :3 gbmc~ ph|ksfh ^hj|d Qjmmcr%

J~ ~kke j~ ks| f|ksy j||bqc`- vc lkj| c` j p|jg phjp vcep

:3 gbmc~ ph|ksfh ^hj|d Qjmmcr%

J~ ~kke j~ ks| f|ksy j||bqc`% Vc lkj| c` j p|jg phjp vcep:3 gbmc~ ph|ksfh ^hj|d Qjmmcr%

Mkkd nj|casmmr jp phc |~p nhkbnc% Bp b~ep gsnh nmcj|c| phje phc~cepcenc be phc yjyc|- lsp phjp~ ekp jmm phjp~ v|kef% Phb~ je~vc|nhkbnc b~ j |se'ke% Bp b~ pvk ~cepcenc~ vbph kemr j nkggj lcpvccephcg%

Phc ~cnke` nhkbnc b~ phc nk||cnp je~vc|% Bp b~ j nmcj| je` nkgymcpc~cepcenc%

Phc phb|` nhkbnc mkkd~ qc|r ~bgbmj| pk phc ~cnke` nhkbnc- ~k mcp~~ps`r bp gk|c nj|casmmr% @k rks ~cc phc `baac|cenc; Be phc phb|` nhkbncphc nmjs~cJ~ ~kke j~ ks| f|ksy j||bqc` b~ akmmkvc` lr j yc|bk`% ^bencphb~ nmjs~c b~ ekp j nkgymcpc ~cepcenc- bp ~hksm` ekp lc akmmkvc` lr jyc|bk`% Bp b~ je bep|k`snpk|r nmjs~c phjp ecc`~ pk lc akmmkvc` lr jnkggj%


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S~bef phc ^dbmm~

^cepcenc :>

Vhjp jlksp ~cepcenc :>; B~ phb~ ~cepcenc v|bppce nk||cnpmr; Mkkd jp phc~cepcenc jfjbe%

Ecxp vc vcep pk phc kl~c|qjpbke pkvc| jp phc Yj'hjr'kdcc Kqc|mkkd-phc qbcv vj~ ~ycnpjnsmj| be cqc|r `b|cnpbke%

Phb~ b~ jekphc| |se'ke% Bp b~ pvk ~cepcenc~ vbph kemr j nk

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