Take up the White Man’s burdenTake up the White Man’s burdenSend forth the best ye breedSend forth the best ye breedGo bind your sons to exileGo bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ need;To serve your captives’ need;To wait in heavy harnessTo wait in heavy harnessOn fluttered folk and wildOn fluttered folk and wildYour new-caught, sullen peopleYour new-caught, sullen peopleHalf devil and half ChildHalf devil and half Child

-Rudyard Kipling-Rudyard Kipling18991899

Reasons for US. Reasons for US. ImperialismImperialism1.1. Industrialization and increase in Industrialization and increase in

production.production.2.2. Need for raw materials.Need for raw materials.3.3. Need for new markets.Need for new markets.4.4. Need to protect shipping lanes Need to protect shipping lanes

and military interest.and military interest.5.5. Racial Superiority of Anglo-Racial Superiority of Anglo-

Saxons.Saxons.

Seward's FollySeward's FollyWhy Wanted.Why Wanted.

Eliminate Foreign interests Eliminate Foreign interests in North America. in North America.

Possible resources.Possible resources. Agreement on March 30, 1867, Agreement on March 30, 1867,

Payment concluded on August 1, 1868.Payment concluded on August 1, 1868. About 365,000,000 acres for 7.2 About 365,000,000 acres for 7.2

million dollars, or in layman’s terms million dollars, or in layman’s terms the United States paid the equivalent the United States paid the equivalent of 2 cents per acre for all that of 2 cents per acre for all that wonderful frozen tundra.wonderful frozen tundra.

Original agreement to set up a Original agreement to set up a naval refueling station in Hawaii.naval refueling station in Hawaii.

Original government was a Monarchy Original government was a Monarchy (Queen Lili'uokalani).(Queen Lili'uokalani).

Emigrants from the US set up Sugar and Emigrants from the US set up Sugar and Pineapple Plantations (Dole).Pineapple Plantations (Dole).

Creates planter class which seeks Creates planter class which seeks annexation by the US (remember Texas).annexation by the US (remember Texas).

Imperialism and Imperialism and the Far Eastthe Far East

Europeans need raw materials Europeans need raw materials from China and markets for their from China and markets for their goods…China refuses trade.goods…China refuses trade.

Opium trade and conflict. Opium trade and conflict. British armies respond…victory British armies respond…victory

leads to Chinese concessions.leads to Chinese concessions.

Carving up Carving up ChinaChina European European

powers divide powers divide up China:up China:

EnglandEngland

GermanyGermany

RussiaRussia

FranceFrance

JapanJapan

Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence

Areas where nations have Areas where nations have special trading privileges and special trading privileges and where a number of its nationals where a number of its nationals live.live.

Sea ofJapan

South China Sea

Yellow

SeaChina

Bay ofBengal

East

Sea

PACIFICOCEAN

THAILAND

VIETNAM

NEPAL

LAOS

MYANMAR

KOREA

TAIWAN

KYRG.

NORTH

H.K.MACAU

JAPAN

SOUTH

BHU

PAK.

BANG

RUSSIA

INDIA

CHINA

MONGOLIAKAZAKHSTAN

KOREA

Taung-gyi Zhanjiang

Novosibirsk

Pavlodar Irkutsk

Uliastay

ErdeneManlay

Mandalgovi

Zhongba

Baicheng

Chifeng Liaoyuan

Xining

Zigong

Kashi

Aksu

HengyangShaoyang

JingmenMianyang

Hanzhong

Shizuishan

Wuhai

Liupanshui

Lhasa

Guilin

Nanning

Bei'an

Gejiu

Blagoveshchensk

Ulan-Ude

Nagpur

Xichang

Karamay

Shihezi

Ulaangom

Kemerovo

HamiNomgon

Qiqihar

Ekibastuz

Darhan

Jixi

Benxi

Baoding

Yakeshi

Indore

Nanjing

Qingdao

ZiboJinan

Shijiazhuang

Baotou

Guiyang

Xinxiang

Pune

Liuzhou

Kanpur

Korla

ChangchunÜrümqi

Hegang

Hangzhou

WenzhouChangsha

Guangzhou

XuzhouXi'an

Harbin

ChengduChongqing

Kunming

Calcutta

Wuhan Shanghai

LakeBaikal

ZeyskoyeLake

Hainan Dao

IslandsRyukyu

NEWDELHI

T'AI-PEI

(PEKING)

ULAANBAATAR

P'YONGYANG

DHAKA

KATHMANDU

SEOUL

BEIJING

450 mi720 km

Open Door Policy—Secretary of Open Door Policy—Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. Urged all trading rights in China. Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, observe fair competition the law, observe fair competition the Open Door Policy allows other Open Door Policy allows other nations to trade freely without fear of nations to trade freely without fear of war.war.

THE OPENING OF THE OPENING OF JAPANJAPAN

Matthew Perry and Americans Matthew Perry and Americans open trade with Japan in 1853.open trade with Japan in 1853.

Following Perry’s ultimatum, Following Perry’s ultimatum, Japan industrializes itself.Japan industrializes itself. Treaty of KanagawaTreaty of Kanagawa

Open portsOpen portsExtra-territoriality Extra-territoriality for American citizens. for American citizens.

Spanish-American Spanish-American War, 1898War, 1898 Revolution in CubaRevolution in Cuba Jose MartiJose Marti

““Remember the Maine”Remember the Maine”

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

War in CubaWar in Cuba Americans and Cubans fight to Americans and Cubans fight to

liberate Cuba.liberate Cuba. Four months of fighting and 5,000 Four months of fighting and 5,000

American lives brings victory.American lives brings victory. United States takes control of all United States takes control of all

Spanish possessions, (Puerto Rico, Spanish possessions, (Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines, Cuba…sort of)Guam, Philippines, Cuba…sort of)

U.S. pays Spain 20 million dollars.U.S. pays Spain 20 million dollars.

U.S. holds the Philippines. U.S. holds the Philippines. Granted independence on July Granted independence on July 4, 1946. 60,000 marines need 4, 1946. 60,000 marines need to take control…to take control…AmericanAmerican ImperialismImperialism

Election of 1900…McKinley Election of 1900…McKinley killed…Theodore Roosevelt killed…Theodore Roosevelt becomes Presidentbecomes President

Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment

1.1. Cuba was not to make treaties that Cuba was not to make treaties that would limit their independence.would limit their independence.

2.2. Not to permit any foreign power to Not to permit any foreign power to control territory.control territory.

3.3. US had right to intervene “protect life, US had right to intervene “protect life, property and individual liberty.”property and individual liberty.”

4.4. Not to go into debt to foreign nations.Not to go into debt to foreign nations.

5.5. US. Could buy or lease land for a naval US. Could buy or lease land for a naval basebase

Alfred Thayer MahanAlfred Thayer Mahan

Items necessary for the United States to Items necessary for the United States to acquire to become a world power.acquire to become a world power.

Bases in the CaribbeanBases in the Caribbean Bases for fleets to Bases for fleets to

refuel in the Pacificrefuel in the Pacific Modern FleetModern Fleet Panama CanalPanama Canal

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal Why Panama?Why Panama?

Trouble:Trouble:Columbia turns down Hay-Herran TreatyColumbia turns down Hay-Herran Treaty US has new government in power.US has new government in power. Facing possible revolt by PanamaniansFacing possible revolt by PanamaniansPanama Revolts against ColombiaPanama Revolts against Colombia US helps set off revolt (this doesn’t happen US helps set off revolt (this doesn’t happen

anymore does it?)anymore does it?)Hay-Bunau Verilla treaty signedHay-Bunau Verilla treaty signed US gets canal zone foreverUS gets canal zone forever US gives Panama 10 million lump sum and 250K US gives Panama 10 million lump sum and 250K

annually for 9 years.annually for 9 years. Guarantees Panamanian independence.Guarantees Panamanian independence.

The Panama The Panama Canal (Cont)Canal (Cont)

Construction Obstacles:Construction Obstacles: Setbacks by diseaseSetbacks by disease

Malaria and Yellow FeverMalaria and Yellow Fever Sanitation and treatment Sanitation and treatment

(Walter Reed)(Walter Reed)

Costs ran high (overruns)Costs ran high (overruns) More firepower for blasting than all previous wars More firepower for blasting than all previous wars

combined.combined.

U.S. Possessions

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt and “The Big Stick”Roosevelt and “The Big Stick” Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary In the early 1900s In the early 1900s

Roosevelt grew concerned that a crisis between Venezuela and Roosevelt grew concerned that a crisis between Venezuela and its creditors could spark an invasion of that nation by European its creditors could spark an invasion of that nation by European powers. The Roosevelt Corollary of December 1904 stated that powers. The Roosevelt Corollary of December 1904 stated that the United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure that the United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the rights of the United States or invite "foreign aggression to the rights of the United States or invite "foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations." As the detriment of the entire body of American nations." As the corollary worked out in practice, the United States increasingly corollary worked out in practice, the United States increasingly used military force to restore internal stability to nations in the used military force to restore internal stability to nations in the region. Roosevelt declared that the United States might region. Roosevelt declared that the United States might "exercise international police power in 'flagrant cases of such "exercise international police power in 'flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence.'" Over the long term the corollary wrongdoing or impotence.'" Over the long term the corollary had little to do with relations between the Western Hemisphere had little to do with relations between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, but it did serve as justification for U.S. intervention and Europe, but it did serve as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic

Russo-Japanese War 1905Russo-Japanese War 1905Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of PortsmouthTR gets Nobel Peace prize for TR gets Nobel Peace prize for

mediating peace.mediating peace.American is becoming a American is becoming a

world powerworld power

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy William Howard Taft. (Roosevelt's William Howard Taft. (Roosevelt's

successor)successor) Encouraged US business investment in Encouraged US business investment in

Latin America and China to discourage Latin America and China to discourage other foreign investment. President Taft other foreign investment. President Taft urged American banks and businesses to urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investmentsthreatened their investments

Result: US investment in Latin American Result: US investment in Latin American dominates the economy of many Latin dominates the economy of many Latin American nations.American nations.