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Lesson 7: Letters (ض، ل، ن، ر)

Al-Haafidhoon wal-Haafidhaat

ALBASEERAH.ORG

احلافظىن واحلافظات

Tajweed Basics 2

“Recite Sūrah Al-Baqarah, for to take recourse to it is a blessing and to give it up is a cause of grief, and the magicians cannot confront it.'' [Muslim]

Lesson 7 - Slide 2

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

AL-JAWF - one specific makhraj

housing the three madd letters.

AL-HALQ -consisting of three specific

makhaarij , each specific makhraj houses 2 letters.

AL-LISAAN –1st main area- the

deepest part which has 2 specific

makhraj, 1 letter per makhraj.

The middle of the tongue - 2nd main

area.

Today we will continue studying the

Lisaan (Tongue) and will deal with the specific makhraj of theside(s), and begin the specific

makhraj of the tip. Inshaa’ Allaah we will

cover the letters:

ض، ل، ن، ر

Introduction

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Lesson 7 - Slide 3

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Al-Lisaan (The Tongue)

(4) Ra'sul-lisaan(Tip of the tongue)

Taraful-lisaan(end of the tongue)

(2) Wasatul-lisaan(middle of the tongue)

(1) Aqsal-lisaan(furthermost part near

the back)

(3) Haafatul-Lisaan Side/edge of the tongue

There are 4 main areas and theymake up 10 more specific oneswhich houses 18 letters.

The side of the tongue has regions:the furthermost part ( احلافة أقصى ),

the closer part ( احلافة أدىن ) and end of

the tongue near the front ( هنتهى.(احلافة

اللسان

It is very important that we know the tip (ra's) of the tongue and the forefront (taraf) are not the same.

Recap …

Lesson 7 - Slide 4

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Al-Asnaan (The Teeth)

This diagram shows the teeth. The ones ontop are the ones at the top of the mouthand the lower ones are the ones at the baseof mouth.

It is important for us to learn about theteeth in order to master the makhaarij ofthe letters of the tongue.

For some of the letters of the Lisaan theteeth are also used and sometimes the gumaccompanying the teeth are used.

األسنان

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Lesson 7 - Slide 5

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

ل

Sides of the Tongue

حافة اللسان One main area of the Lisaan is: Haafatul-Lisaan – the side of

the tongue.

It is divided into 2 specific makhaarij, one for the letter daad

and the other for the letter Laam (ضاد) .(الم)

Daad emerges from Adnal-Haafah and spans to Aqsal-

Haafah.

Laam emerges from Adnal-Haafah and spans to Muntahal-

Haafah.

ض

aalahtIsti-Al maatsI-Al baaqtI-Al Al-Isti`laa’ Ar-Rakhaawah Al-Jahr ضiraafhIn-Al Al-Idhlaaq hInfitaa-Al Al-Istifaal tTawassu-At Al-Jahr ل

Lesson 7 - Slide 6

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Sides of the Tongue (ض)

الضاد The makhraj of the letter daad ,involves the side of the tongue (ضاد)

the teeth and knowing the makhraj of the letter laam (الم).

It is articulated from one or both side(s) of the tongue and what lies opposite it from the upper molars left, or right and putting pressure in the middle of the tongue.

Make your tongue straight and relaxed/soft.

The back of the tongue must be raised (Isti`laa’) and affixed (Itbaaq) and the air must be imprisoned (Jahr). There will be flowing of sound during its articulation (Rakhaawah).

The Arabic language is sometimes called the language of daadbecause of the great care taken in articulating it correctly.

aalahtIsti-Al maatsI-Al baaqtI-Al Al-Isti`laa’ Ar-Rakhaawah Al-Jahr ض

Common Mistakes & Tips It is articulated as daal ز or (دال)

Using the tip of the tongue instead of the sides. Bringing the tongue slightly out of the mouth sounding it like a ظ

!

Area of contact

Area of Pressure & Ease

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Lesson 7 - Slide 7

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Al-Istitaalah

الاستطالة Linguistically Al-Istitaalah means “the lengthening”.

Technically it refers to extending the sound from the beginning of the side of thetongue against the inner molars.

The quality of istitaalah is to pronounce a letter in a slow and elongated manner.

Istitaalah does not mean rapidly extending the tongue and pushing it to the front ofthe mouth since the tongue will be fixed. Istitaalah is the elongation of the makhrajand spreading its sound from the two rear sides of the tongue to the two front sidesuntil it reaches the makhraj of the letter laam .(ل)

Type of Characteristic: Strong

Letters with this quality are called: Mustateelah هستطيلة There is only 1 letter with this attribute; it is : ض (الضاد)

Lesson 7 - Slide 8

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Sides of the Tongue (ل) The letter laam (الم) is articulated from the sides of the anterior 1/3

of the tongue, until the end of the tip, together with what liesopposite to it from the gums of the two top front incisors, the twotop lateral incisors, the two top canines, and the two toppremolars.

The makhraj of the laam spans over the widest area and is perhapsthe easiest to articulate.

iraafhIn-Al Al-Idhlaaq hInfitaa-Al Al-Istifaal tTawassu-At Al-Jahr ل

الالم

Common Mistakes & Tips Does not include the top of the tongue but the fine line of the sides of the

tongue that meets up with the gum The articulation of the is an upward movement, not a forward movement

like the English “L” Using just the tip and not the sides of the tongue thus sound it like a noon, Pronouncing using the underside of the tongue and the actual plates of the

two front teeth thus sounding a heavy English “L” Be careful not to pronounce it with Qalqalah when it is saakinah.

!

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Lesson 7 - Slide 9

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Al-Inhiraafالانحراف Linguistically Al-Inhiraaf means “the deviation”.

Technically it refers to the drifting of the sound as the tongue leans away from its makhraj tothe makhraj of another letter at the time of its articulation . The raa’ (ر) leans towards laam(ل) and laam (ل) towards raa’ .(ر)

Type of Characteristic: Strong

Letters with this quality are called: Munharifah هنحرفة They are 2 letters which are : (الالم الراء) ل ر، The laam leans to the taraful-lisaan when the makhraj is the sides of the front one-third of

the tongue till its end.

The raa’ leans away from the noon which is closest to it, towards the makhraj of laam.

Lesson 7 - Slide 10

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

End of the Tongue

طرف اللسان Another of the major areas of the Lisaan is: Taraf Al-Lisaan

It is divided into 5 specific makhaarij for 11 letters.

We will deal with 2 of the letters in this lesson from 2 specificmakhaarij, one for the letter Noon (نىن) and the other for theletter Raa’ .(راء)

Both noon (ن) and raa’ (ر) share the makhraj of the Taraful-Lisaan with what lies opposite from the gums of the upper twoincisors except that Raa’ (ر) enters to the back of the tongue.

ن

رAl-Ghunnah Al-Idhlaaq hInfitaa-Al Al-Istifaal tTawassu-At Al-Jahr ن

At-Takreer iraafhIn-Al Al-Idhlaaq hInfitaa-Al Al-Istifaal tTawassu-At Al-Jahr ر

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Lesson 7 - Slide 11

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

End of the Tongue (ن)

The letter noon (نىن) is articulated from the tip of the tongue and

what lies opposite to it from the gum of the two front top incisors.

It is articulated a bit forward on the gums from the place of thelaam .(ل)

The clear noon saakinah (i.e. when the letters of the throat followit) and the vowelled are ن emitted from this makhraj.

The sides of the tongue are not included.

The other times when the noon is exposed to certain conditions itwill possess Ghunnah.

iraafhIn-Al Al-Idhlaaq hInfitaa-Al Al-Istifaal tTawassu-At Al-Jahr ل

Common Mistakes & Tips Spanning the makhraj over a too large area of the tongue and

including the top of the tongue, instead of just the tip.

!

النون

Lesson 7 - Slide 12

Hifdh Session 3

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Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Al-Ghunnahالغنة

Linguistically Al-Ghunnah means “the nasal twang”, the tonguehas no role in its application.

Technically it refers to the ringing sound produced in the nasalchamber (Al-Khayshoom).

It emerges from Al-Khayshoom when the sound is blocked in themouth by the tongue for noon (ن) and by the lips for meem .(م)

Type of Characteristic: Strong

Natural quality of 2 letters which are : (املين النىن) م ن،

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Lesson 7 - Slide 13

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Al-Ghunnah cont.

الغنة Stages of the duration of the Ghunnah

1. When accompanied by a Shaddah

٥: الزلزلة چچ چ ڇ ڇ چچ 2. In the Idghaam with ghunnah

٨: الزلزلة چک ک گ گ گ ک ک چ 3. In the Ikhfaa’

٣: الزلزلة چڄ ڄ ڃ ڄڄ چ 4. When accompanied by a sukoon

١: الشرح چہ ہ ہ ہ ۀچ 5. When accompanied by a short vowel

٤: الزلزلة چڃ ڃ چ ڃچ

Lesson 7 - Slide 14

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

End of the Tongue (ر) The letter raa’ (راء) is articulated from the tip and the top of the tip

and what lies opposite it of the gums of the two front top incisors.

The tip with the top of the tip need to strike the gums to producethis sound correctly.

There should be no trilling of the tongue. This is controlled byrelaxing the tongue but not too much.

Do not completely block the makhraj point of the raa’ as the raa’will be sounded with Shiddah and the Tawassut of raa’ will be lost.

There is no air coming out when the raa’ is being articulated.

Common Mistakes & Tips Not striking the tip with the top of the tip to the gums The striking place for the tongue is NOT the soft tissue behind the gum. Repeated trilling of the tongue

!

الراء

At-Takreer iraafhIn-Al Al-Idhlaaq hInfitaa-Al Al-Istifaal tTawassu-At Al-Jahr ر

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Lesson 7 - Slide 15

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

At-Takreer

التكرير Linguistically At-Takreer means “the repetition”.

Technically it refers to trilling the tongue so that the sound is repeated.

This is a sifah laazimah found in raa’ saakinah or mushaddadah.

It is an undesirable attribute and so should be hidden. To control it put the top edgeof the tongue against the roof of the mouth.

Type of Characteristic: Strong

Letters with this quality are called: Mukarrarah هكررة There is only 1 letter with this attribute; it is : ر (الراء) Practice the trilling of the tongue by hitting the tip and top of the tip of the tongue

to the gums.

Lesson 7 - Slide 16

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Review of Sifaat

Strong Sifaat Sifaat which are not classed as strong or weak

Weak Sifaat

Al-Jahr Al-Idhlaaq Al-Hams

Ash-Shiddah Al-Ismaat Ar-Rakhaawah

Al-Isti`laa’ At-Tawassut (Al-Bayniyyah) Al-Istifaal

Al-Itbaaq Al-Infitaah

As Safeer Al-Leen

Al-Qalqalah Al-Khafaa

Al-Inhiraaf

At-Takreer

At-Tafashshee

Al-Istitaalah

Al-Ghunnah

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Lesson 7 – Slide 17

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Let’s Practice...

Read the following by articulating each letter from its correct makhraj and with all its sifaat.

أضأض إض ضض ڄ ض ڳ

ألأل إل لل ۆ ۈ ۈ ٴۇ ۋ ل ى

أنأن إن نن ڻ ڻ ن ے

أرأر إر رر ۈ ٴۇ ۋ ۋ ر ھ

Practice is veryimportant for the

correct articulation of the makhraj

Lesson 7 - Slide 18

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

Makhaarij of the Letters

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Lesson 7 - Slide 19

Hifdh Session 3

Spring/Summer 2011

Al-Haafidhoon wal-HaafidhaatTajweed Basics 2

1. Listen to Soorah Al-Mudaththir recited by Shaykh Hussary and repeatafter him for practice with the letter Raa’.

2. Practice the trilling of the tongue as described on the slide withTakreer.

3. Do the weekly Quiz

May Allaah increase us all in beneficial knowledge

Homework Assignment