tac light sources (sr&fel) internatıonal user’s meeting (lsum 2013) october 5-7, 2013

TAC Light Sources (SR&FEL) Internatıonal User’s Meeting (LSUM 2013)

October 5-7, 2013

PROPOSED EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS OF TARLA IRFEL FACILITY AND R&D POTENTIAL

Pervin ARIKANGazi University- Ankara

FIFTH TAC-ISAC MEETING | JUNE 24-25 | 2013 | ANKARA UNIVERSITY

Outline

2

Pervin ARIKAN | Gazi UniversityLSUM 2013, October 5-7, 2013 | Ankara University Pervin Arıkan| Gazi University

• List of Staff• Planning of experimental stations• Techniques and application fields• Working groups• Infrastructure of Labs.• User potential• CALIPSO and ESUO • HORIZON 2020• Future plan


TARLA IR-FEL Laboratories

3

Pervin ARIKAN | Gazi University

• are charged with the responsibility to supply state-of-the-art radiation in broad region to a diverse user community.

• Scientific opportunities in physics,chemistry, biology and medicine are being investigated to

foster new research areas in Turkey and region

LSUM 2013, October 5-7, 2013 | Ankara University Pervin Arıkan| Gazi University


TARLA-IR FEL Exp.Stations and User Potential - Working Group

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• Dr. Pervin Arıkan ( Gazi University) Coordinator• Dr.İlhan Tapan (Uludağ University ) ( photon diagnostics )• Dr.Atilla Aydın ( Bilkent University ) ( IR Spect.material charact. )• Dr.Ayşe Hiçsönmez ( Ankara University) ( medicial appl. )• Dr.Feride Severcan ( METU) (bio-micro Spectroscopy )• Dr.Hakan Altan ( METU ) ( ultrafast photonics) • Dr.Okan Esentürk ( METU) ( ultrafast photonics) • Dr. Ömer İlday ( Bilkent University ) ( material processing )• Dr.Ergün Kasap ( Gazi University) ( optical beamline transport )• Müge Tural Gündoğan ( Ph.D Student - Ankara University) (M.Sc. IRFEL Labs.) • Ayşegül Uşun ( M.Sc. – Gazi University) ( pump-probe)• Elif Tatoğlu ( M.Sc. - Gazi University) ( IR Spect. )• Selin Erdoğan ( M.Sc. - Gazi University) ( SFG)• Emre Erbay ( Ph.D student- ÖİB University) ( M.Sc. optical beamline transport )• Begüm Tekiner ( M.Sc. - Ankara University) (optical beamline transport )• Kamile Tekfidan (M.Sc. - Gazi University) (optical beamline transport )• Ersin Çiçek (M.Sc. - Gazi University) ( photon diagnostics )• İdil Arslan ( M.Sc - Ankara University) ) ( photon diagnostics )



Schematic View of TAC IR-FEL & Brems. Facility

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Accelerator and FEL Pro

duction A

rea

Experiment H

allsCoolin

g & G

enerator R

ooms Analysis, Control, Atelier Rooms

Klystron, Electronics Room

Bremsstrahlung Experiment Area

Accelerator and FEL Pro

duction A

rea


FIFTH TAC-ISAC MEETING | JUNE 24-25 | 2013 | ANKARA UNIVERSITY Ömer Yavaş | Ankara University

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7

The obtained laser ( 3 - 250 μm) will be delivered to experimental stations ( MIR and FIR region )

1. Photon diagnostıcs lab.

2. Infrared spectroscopy laboratory ( IR Lab.) material characterization

3. Pump-probe /sum frequncy generation laboratory( PPT/SFG) • Other four laboratories will be prioritized with respect to the needs and requirements of the expected proposals of the researchers in the areas outlines previously.

• It is imperative that the photon beam is well prepared for transport and well diagnosed before experiments can be conducted these laboratories



IRFEL Experimental Stations of TARLA Facility

8

Coordinator :Dr.Pervin Arıkan ( Gazi Univ.)

• Photon Diagnostics ( Lab 1) Dr. İlhan Tapan (Uludağ Univ.)

• Ultrafast Photonics Applications ( Lab 2) Dr.Okan Esentürk and Dr. Hakan Altan ( METU)

• IR Spect. (Material Charact.) ( Lab 3) Dr. Atilla Aydınlı (Bilkent Univ. )



Main application field of IR FEL

Ömer Yavaş | Ankara University

9

Photon Science

Material Science

Semiconductors

Biotechnological and medical research

Non-linear Optics

Nanotechnology

Photo-Chemistry



Experimental techniques


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1 - Sum Frequency Generation

2 - Photon Echo Experiment

3 - Photoacustic Spectroscopy

4 - Pump-Probe Techniques

5 - IR-MALDI (IR matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization )

6 - IR-MAPLE ( IR matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation )

7 - IR-REMPI (IR resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization)

8 - Near Field MicroscopyLSUM 2013, October 5-7, 2013 | Ankara University Pervin Arıkan| Gazi University


Some Needs of the Industrial and Scientific Community in Turkey


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• Characterization of electrical properties of solar cells• Characterization of the crystal or amorphous materials used in the

production of thin-film solar cells • Understanding the effect of thermal stress on material longevity• Measurement on deposited films or coatings using ultrafast techniques• Dynamical characterization of detector response in the infrared and

visible regions• Characterization and calibration of eye-safe CCD and/or CMOS

detectors• Characterization of power and output characteristics of Quantum

Cascade Lasers (QCL)• Time-domain characterization of point-like bolometer detectors or

micro-bolometer arrays• Understanding working principles of dynamical catalysis mechanisms

in various reactions• Characterizing polymer surfaces that can be utilized in biosensors,

batteries, and other electronic devices.LSUM 2013, October 5-7, 2013 | Ankara University Pervin Arıkan| Gazi University


Photon Diagnostics Lab.


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* Ersin Çiçek, SEL için Foton Diyagnostiği’nin Teknik tasarımı, 08.09.2013, UPHUK-V



IRFEL material characterization (Lab layout )


13

u

fs lazer

kryosta

t FTIR

Vak

Raman

N2

Basınçlı hava Vakum

Soğutma suyu

GüçY.Parça,s

arf, stok

Örnek hazırlama

Veri toplama

NSOM



Time Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy of Chemical Reactions


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One narrowband ultrafast IR laser pulse excites vibrational modes in a molecule and is followed by a second broadband infrared pulse, which gives two independent frequency axes and allows the collection of 2D-IR spectra. Spectra provide direct information on vibrational anharmonicities, energy transfer processes, and molecular structure.

http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/cbhgrp/



Spectroscopy of the Solid State


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• Carrier dynamics: Quantum wells, superlattices, and quantum dots (e.g. inter- and intra-subband/miniband relaxation, Bloch oscillations)• Infrared and THz properties: Electrically driven quantum structures (Bloch oscillators and quantum cascade lasers)• Resonant coherent effects: High-intensity laser pulses closely resonant with the intersubband energy can induce coherent phenomena such as dressed states and Rabi oscillations• Electron dynamics: Ultrashort IR pulses with controlled phases.



Ultrafast Photonics Applications Laboratory


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3.5m 3.5m HAVALANDIRMA/IŞIKLANDIRMA

KAPI

SEL

3.5m

1.1m

0.5m

2m

0.9m

6m

3.5m

Diğer deney alanı

PPT

SFG

Yükseltilmiş Lazer

WORKSTATION

WORKSTATION

DOLAP DOLAP DOLAP

Kapı

5m

2m

1.5m

1.5m

3m

1.5m WORKSTATION

SEL

1m

DOLAP

~6m

SFG

Pump/

Probe

Lab Layout

Main Experiments will be centered around pump/probe measurements and sum-frequency generation measurements. All experiments are planned to start pre-FEL beam

>1mJ, 1kHz synchronized, sub-100fs ultrafast amplified laser source at 800nm center wavelength

J pulse energies for a wavelength range of 200-11000nm



Pump-Probe Method


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Pump-probe method enables to follow in real time vibrational motions coupled to electronic transitions. The sample is excited by one pulse train (pump) and the changes it induces in the sample are probed by the second pulse train (probe), which is suitably delayed with respect to the pump. Changes in the order of picosecond can be observed with this method.



Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Spectroscopy


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Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) is a nonlinear optical technique used to study the details of molecular structure and dynamics at surfaces and interfaces. SFG has advantages in its ability to be monolayer surface sensitive, ability to be performed in situ (for example aqueous surfaces and in gases), and not causing much damage to the sample surface.

This spectroscopy method utilizes SFG, where two light beams mix at a surface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies. From the experiment setup and the output beam, one can deduce the composition, orientation distributions, and some structural information of molecules on a surface.



Planned services in the Labs


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• Air-condition • UPS• Liquid helium• Water free nitrogen• Oil free air pressure• Cooling water• Liquid nitrogen• Temperature control• Dust ( particle) control• Humidity control• 220-400 Voltage• 40 kW per room• LAN



USER POTENTIAL


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We identified areas of interest and contacted spesific researchers since 2009 .

Few areas of interest • Conventional Laser ve IR FEL• Non-linear optics• Pump-probe Techniques• Sum frequency generation• FTIR , Raman Spect.• Optics and signal process• Terahertz Spect.• Nanotechnology• Material Science• Semi-conductors• IR Imaging• Laser ablation• Nanomedicine



First User Meeting 2009


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Second User Meeting -2010


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Main laser and optics research center in universities


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• Kocaeli University (LATARUM) İzmit• METU (Material science and THz lab.) Ankara• Ankara University(Nonlinear optics Lab.) Ankara• Bilkent Univ.( Advanced technology research center )Ankara

• UNAM (National nanotechnology research center)Ankara• Koç University(LASER Lab.)İstanbul• UME (Optical Lab.) İzmit• SABANCI University(Optical Lab.)İstanbul • İzmir Advanced Technology Institute ( chemistry) Ankara



Material Characterization by IR Spect. USERS in Universities


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Hacettepe UniversityAhi Evran UniversityBalıkesir UniversityBoğaziçi UniversityBilkent UniversityCelal Bayar UniversityDokuz Eylül University Dumlupınar UniversityFatih University Gazi UniversityHarran University İTUİstanbul UniversityİZMİR Institute of Technology

Karatekin UniversityKocaeli UniversityKültür UniversityMETUMuğla University 19 Mayıs UniversitySakarya UniversitySelçuk UniversityTAEK-SANAEMUludağ University



INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS


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• EU SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

• Combination of Collaborative Projects And Coordination and Support Actions for Integrating Activities

• INFRA-2012-1-1.23:Synchrotron radiation sources and Free Electron Lasers



EU-FP-7 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS


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Title : Coordinated Access to Light sources to Promote Standards and OptimizationBudget : 7.5 M EuroDuration : 36 months ( June 2012 – May 2015)



Project management of CALIPSO


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• Dr. Michele Bertolo,• Head of Sponsored Research Office at Sincrotrone

Trieste S.C.p.A.(Elettra) ITALY• Dr. Cecilia Blasetti ,(Managing Team ) Elettra• “wayforlight”portal• http://www.wayforlight.eu• www.esuo.org



Objectives of CALIPSO


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** CALIPSO coordinates the European synchrotrons and FELs towards a fully integrated network.

** The consortium is characterized by common objectives,harmonized decisions, strong communication,transnational open access based on excellence and joint development of newinstruments.



The 20 consortium members of CALIPSO


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•ALBA•AU(ISA)•CLIO(CNRS)•DESY•Diamond•Elettra•EMBL•ESRF•BESSY(HZB)•FELBE(HZDR)

•ANKA(KIT)•INFN•MAXIV•PSI-SLS•FELIX(RU)•SOLARIS•SOLEIL•STFC•TAC•XFEL



Members of CALIPSO


30



CALIPSO ACTIVITIES


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**Networking Activities/NAs

Wayforlight (ESUO) and HERCULE School

** Transnational Access Activities/TAAs 14 Accelerator Facility-Users Project

** Joint Research Activities/JRAs• FELSEED , HIZPAD2 , NanoFOX+



European Accl. Users Organization CALIPSO-ESUO


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• TAC-TARLA is member of ESUO (CALIPSO - TAAs )• 14 Accelerator Facility-Users Project



HORIZON 2020


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• Dr. Josef FELDHAUS Head of FLASH operation group – DESY Photon Science

• Chair of the Collaboration of European FEL and SPS Facilities (SPS=accelerator based short-pulse sources).

• With the present proposal we suggest to consider the emerging and fast developing field of free electron lasers as a separate topic for the EU program Horizon 2020.(Horizon 2020, the EU's Research & Innovation funding programme for 2014-2020 )

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

• Since CALIPSO also includes several IR FELs and since there will be a separate FEL topic for an I3 under HORIZON2020

• We would like to invite your institute also to join our activities and become member of the Collaboration. The operating facilities CLIO, FELBE and FELIX have already indicated their interest and are ready to sign the MoU.



ROAD MAP


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• As a first step , planning of 3 experimental stations• TDR and construction

• Practical experience of users (CALIPSO)

• Teaching and training of junior staff • Determine user profile of Turkey• CALIPSO• ESUO• HORIZON 2020• LSUM2013 ( 4-6 October 2013 , HTE-Ankara Univ.) • Future Plan



FUTURE PLANNING


35

Aim of Extended Project:

To get additional budget and time to complete the TARLA facility including 5 (IR FEL) and 1 (Brems.) experimental stations.Planned project period: (5 years)Proposed project budget: 25 MEuro (~ 60 MTL)

• Collaboration:

Ankara, Gazi, S. Demirel, İstanbul , Bilkent, METU, Uludağ Universities



EXTENDED PROJECT


36

Project Team:

Ankara U.: Ö. Yavaş, A. Hiçsönmez, A. Aksoy, Z. Nergiz, Ç. Kaya, Ö. Karslı, B. Koç, E. Kazancı, M.

Aydar,.... Gazi U.:

P. Arıkan, E. Çiçek,.... S. Demirel U.: G. Yeğin, E. Kürkçüoğlu, A.G. Kalaycı, M. Şekerci, ..... İstanbul U. S. Özkorucuklu, METU:

F. Severcan, H. Altan, O. Esentürk,.... Bilkent U.:

A. Aydınlı, Ö. İlday,.... Uludag U.:

İ. Tapan, E. Pilçer, F. Kocak, ... + ~20 Engineers, Technicians, MSc and PhD Students



Layout


37

• A: Diagnostic– 6 x 6.7 x 4.2 m (w x l x h)

• B: Ultrafast– 6 x 10 x 4.2 m

• C: IR– 6 x 7.2 x 4.2 m

• D: Material Processing

– 6 x 7.5 x 4.2 m

• E: Biology– 6 x 7.5 x 4.2 m

FEL BEAM



Designated Labs at TARLA Facility in the Future


38

• There are 5 laboratories in total. There is overlap among experiments that will be conducted in these laboratories.

Diagnostic Lab

IR Spectroscopy Lab

Bio-Micro Spectroscopy Lab

Materials Processing Lab

FEL I & II

Ultrafast Photonics Applications Laboratory FEL BEAM



Bio-Micro Spectroscopy Laboratory


39

Measurements will be centered around similar work done by project leader at Brookhaven National Laboratories utilizing Synchrotron-FTIR techniques. These techniques will be adapted to the TARLA-FEL beam. Capabilites will include both spectroscopy and imaging of biological specimens.

Coupled with collaboration from the medical school of Ankara University the laboratory is expected to become a premier center for biological reserach.

Experiments are planned for pre-FEL start





40

In this laboratory, together with multivariate statistical analytical methods, many different topics, that realte to important areas for medical applications will be investigated. Some are:

•Identification of disease induced alterations in dynamic, structure and content of macromolecules in the level of tissue, cell, organelle and biological fluid,•Determination of biomarkers which can be used in the early diagnosis of diseases, Following of the disease progression, examination of the treatment strategies and the efficacy of treatment methods •Several radiobiological investigations including the determination of the radiation dose and the effects of radiation,•Determination of postmortem interval, fingerprint, presence of illicit drugs in biological samples,•Examination of the effects of environmental pollutants on living organisms such as fish, plant, water flea etc.•Investigation of the possible usage of organisms to find out biomarkers in characterization of the environmental pollutants,•Identification of food and beverage quality in Food Industry,•Identification of bacteria species in Microbiology,•Diagnosis and characterization of disease and stress factors in plants



Processes


41

• With increased laser power and beam quality more and more application fields were developed and meanwhile laser processes can be found in nearly all production areas and branches .

Cutting Joining Surface Treatment

Forming Prototyping

Melt CuttingReactive Fusion CuttingAblation

WeldingBrazing

CladdingAlloyingHardening

Laser Forming SinteringStereolithography

LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING



Prof.Dr. Arif DEMİR ve ekibinin çalışmaları


42

1- Laser Technologies Research and Application Center - LATARUM

2- Fundamental laser parameters in material processing (pulse duration, wavelength, pulse energy, repetation rate)

3- Millisecond laser material processing welding (titanyum, magnesium ) cladding, cutting (stainless steel) drilling (ceramic)

4- Nanosecond laser material processing drilling ceramic, LIBS, thin film coating

5-Femtosecond laser metarial processing hydrofobic and hydrofilic surfaces nanoparticle production



Conclusions


43

• We intensively wish to obtain the good results for the first facility which will be used for TAC’s further steps…

• Turkey and the region has good potential to use such a facility and completion of TAC will give impuls and oppurtunities to researchers to use new and modern tools


FIFTH TAC-ISAC MEETING | JUNE 24-25 | 2013 | ANKARA UNIVERSITY Pervin ARIKAN | Gazi University

Thank you for your attention…



Schematic View of TAC IR-FEL & Brems. Facility


45

Enjektör250 keV

LINAK-15-20 MeV

LINAK-28-40 MeV

Lazer3-250 µm

SEL Üretimi

Demet Sıkıştırıcı

* Suat Özkorucuklu, THM TARLA Tesisi, 09.09.2013, UPHUK-V



Experimental Groups


46

FELPervin Arıkan

Diagnosticİ.Tapan

Diagnosticİ.Tapan

Gen. IR Lab.A.Aydinlı

Gen. IR Lab.A.Aydinlı

UltraFast PALH. Altan

O. Esentürk

UltraFast PALH. Altan

O. Esentürk

Bio-Micro SLF. Severcan.Bio-Micro SLF. Severcan.

Material PLÖ. İlday

Material PLÖ. İlday

BREMSSTRAHLUNG

İskender Akkurt

DetectorM.DoğruS. Şahin

DetectorM.DoğruS. Şahin

Photon Dump

H.O. Tekin

Photon Dump

H.O. Tekin

e. DumpG. Yeğin

S.Sariaydin

e. DumpG. Yeğin

S.Sariaydin

RadiatorN. DemirZ.Demirci

RadiatorN. DemirZ.Demirci

SimulationN. KarpuzcuSimulation

N. Karpuzcu



Laboratories


47

• Ultrafast Photonics Applications Laboratory– Lab Coordinators : Hakan Altan (Physics METU), Okan

Esentürk (Chemistry METU)• IR Spectroscopy Laboratory

– Lab Coordinator: Atilla Aydınlı (Physics Bilkent)• Biological Micro Spectroscopy Laboratory

– Lab Coordinator: Feride Severcan (Biology METU)• Material Processing Laboratory

– Lab Coordinator: F. Ömer İlday (Physics Bilkent)



Physical requirements


48

• Area = 42 m2• Dimensions = 6x7 m2• Height = 3.5 m• Floor = zemin• Environmental requirements:• Temperature : 21.0 ± 1.0 oC • Humidity : % 45 ± %10.

• Services required:

• Pressurized clean room (class 10000) • Cooling water (> 7 bar)• Pressurized dry air (> 3 bar)• UPS (min 5kVA )• 220V ve 380V / 50Hz • Gas and liquid nitrogen and liquid helium.



Challenges with IR/FIR Radiation


49

• FIR radiation is severely attenuated by water vapor

• Beam will travel in evacuated (1mbar) steel pipes whose inner diameter is 10cm.

• Diffracts quickly - need more optics on U-90 beam line then U-25 beam line to arrive at an accepatble spot diameter at each lab

• More optics means more losses, need real high reflecting (99%) special gold coated mirrors on each beam line.

• Radii of curvature of each focusing optic has to be much larger than diameter of the beam at that aperture to limit spherical aberration

D. Mittleman,“Imaging and Sensing With Terahertz Radiation”, Research Lab Expo 2005



Modification on laboratories


50

• Dimensions of the user laboratories; • P.S. Without touching the walls of the Accelerator and FEL caves

• Laboratory “1” Width of the room is 6.68m • Depth of the room is 5.335m + 0.7m from corridor, total will be around 6m• Minimum height of the room is 3.5m (excluding thickness of the ceiling panel)

• Laboratory “2” Width of the room is 10m • Depth of the room is 5.335m + 0.7m from corridor, total will be around 6m• Minimum height of the room is 3.5m (excluding thickness of the ceiling panel)

• Laboratory “3” Width of the room is 7.2m • Depth of the room is 5.335m + 0.7m from corridor, total will be around 6m• Minimum height of the room is 3.5m (excluding thickness of the ceiling panel)


FIFTH TAC-ISAC MEETING | JUNE 24-25 | 2013 | ANKARA UNIVERSITY Ömer Yavaş | Ankara University

51

• Laboratory “4” Width of the room is 5m • Depth of the room is 6m • Minimum height of the room is 3.5m (excluding thickness of the ceiling

panel)


panel)


panel)



Synchronization


52

MASTER OSCİLLATOR CLOCK 1.3GHZ

E-GUN, 13MHz

LINAC 1, 1.3GHz LINAC 2, 1.3GHz

FEL 1, 13 MHz

FEL 2, 13 MHz

SEED LASER OSCILLATOR

AMPLIFICATION

AMPLIFIED PULSES

REGEN amplfiied system locked on to subharmonic frequency from 1.3GHz.

SEED LASER OSCILLATOR Electro-Optic Detection

Amplified mJ pulses with duration less than 100fs, at center wavelength of about 800nm. Jitter is expected to be less than 1ps

PlPlanned for the future



Ultrafast Photonics Laboratory Design and Development


53

• One of the most important challenges with this laboratory is synchronization with the FEL pulse coming from the cave

• Sub-harmonic will be derived from the linacs to drive the Ti:Al2O3 oscillator which will be operating at a multiple of the 13MHz train

• Amplified laser system will be commercially bought and synchronization will also be done under the guidance of their technicans

Pump/Probe Measurement

System

Visible Pump/IR Probe

Measurements

Sum Frequency Generation

SystemFEL synchronized Amplified Ti:Al2O3 laser with OPO/OPA

conversion

(200-11000nm)

FEL Light Source

13MHz CW train

~2-250 m wavelengths

Visible Pump/FEL Probe Measurements

Visible/FEL/IR SFG Surface

Characterization Set-up

Visible/IR SHG System



Budget


54

Name/Description Qua. (Euro)

Close cycle crayostat and access. <3.5 K 1 50 000

Open He dewar and access. < 4.2 K 1 41289

Vacuum pump high capacity. 8900

>10T magnetic field 1 100000

Dispersive IR spectrometer 2 200000

Detectorls (pyroelectric, bolometers, CCDs,MCTs, Ge:Ga

and the like) 5 350000

FTIR 1 300000

fs/ps Ti:safir laser 1 400000

Optomechanic components 100000

Optics (reflective and others) 50000

Optical tables 2 45000

FTIR/IR Microskop 1 79420

NSOM Microskop 1 200000

Fast osiloscopes , MHz and Gs/s 2 50000

Data acq PCs. 2 10000

FTIR Raman ve mikroRaman 339518

Duties and VAT. 677113,15

Total (Avro) 2951240,15





55

In this laboratory, together with multivariate statistical analytical methods, many different topics, that realte to important areas for medical applications will be investigated. Some are:

•Identification of disease induced alterations in dynamic, structure and content of macromolecules in the level of tissue, cell, organelle and biological fluid,•Determination of biomarkers which can be used in the early diagnosis of diseases, Following of the disease progression, examination of the treatment strategies and the efficacy of treatment methods,•Several radiobiological investigations including the determination of the radiation dose and the effects of radiation,•Determination of postmortem interval, fingerprint, presence of illicit drugs in biological samples,•Examination of the effects of environmental pollutants on living organisms such as fish, plant, water flea etc.•Investigation of the possible usage of organisms to find out biomarkers in characterization of the environmental pollutants,•Identification of food and beverage quality in Food Industry,•Identification of bacteria species in Microbiology,•Diagnosis and characterization of disease and stress factors in plants



Projected Cost


56

• Preliminary Budgets (5 year Plan):– Ultrafast Photonics App. Lab:

» Equipment: 2M € + VAT» Personnel: 500k TL» Lab Development: 2M TL

– Bio-Micro Spectroscopy Lab: » Equipment: 2M € + VAT» Personnel: 1M TL» Lab Development: 3M TL



NSIRM


57



NSIRM


58

Brogersma, Stanford



Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)


59

• Thin films of materials can be grown with PLD method. Pulsed laser is focussed on the material and under high vacuum the material is grown as a thin film on a substrate. In other methods like chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) the material is heated and evaporated. Some materials like polymers are degraded, therefore, PLD method is preferred over the other methods.



Annealing


60

• Annealing is heating a material to a predetermined temperature, holding for a certain time, and then cooling to room temperature to change its physical properties like hardness or optical properties. Usually ovens are used for this kind of treatment. IR FEL is also useful and many researchers use IR FEL instead of an oven.

• In this study, the formation of gold nanoparticles are observed under IR light. Cluster size was 2.4nm before IR light. It has become 6.5nm after illumination and the density was reduced which was the opposite of the condition after conventional annealing.



IR Microscopy


61

http://grad.physics.sunysb.edu


tac light sources (sr&fel) internatıonal user’s meeting (lsum 2013) october 5-7, 2013

Documents

d student ankara university

gazi university ir spect

ankara universityoutline

d student b university

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user potentialcalipso

irfel labs

material characterization3