tables - food and agriculture organization · 2011-02-17 · evergreen shrub 869 506 705 2 081...

Integrated Crop Management284

Tables

Vol. 11–2010 285

TYPOLOGY OFGRASSLANDS

NATURAL DEGRADED POTENTIALLYWELL-MANAGED

TOTAL

Herbaceous 3 408 1 761 8 123 13 292

Evergreen shrub 869 506 705 2 081

Deciduous shrub 3 089 1 824 6 488 11 402

SparseShrub/herbaceous

5 301 1 445 7 077 13 824

TABLE 1: Extent of the different grassland types (1 000 ha) (Chapter II)

CLIMATE DECIDUOUSSHRUB

EVERGREENSHRUB

HERBACEOUS SPARSE SHRUB/HERBACEOUS

Polar 7.7 15.0 8.2 6.3

Boreal 10.4 16.0 8.8 8.7

Temperate 5.6 9.2 5.5 4.3

Mediterranean 3.6 4.1 4.4 2.9

Subtropics 3.3 5.1 4.8 5.4

Tropics 3.8 6.0 3.8 4.3

Deserts 2.9 3.6 2.5 2.7

TABLE 2: Average stock of organic carbon (0–30 cm) in different grassland types (kg/m2) (Chapter II)

TYPOLOGY OFGRASSLANDS

NATURAL DEGRADED POTENTIALLYIMPROVED

Deciduous shrub 211 76 255

Evergreen shrub 122 37 49

Herbaceous 233 77 334

Sparse Shrub/herbaceous

340 63 247

TABLE 3: Total stock (0–30 cm) of organic carbon in different grassland types (Mt C)(Chapter II)


GRASSLAND CARBON SEQUESTRATION: MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND ECONOMICS

CLIMATE GASSLAND TYPES NATURAL DEGRADED IMPROVED

Deserts - 1.00 0.97 1.05

Tropics - 1.14 0.97 1.17

SubtropicsHumid

Shrub

Grasses

Sparse grasses

1.02

1.14

1.02

0.75

0.85

0.75

1.10

1.17

1.05

SubtropicsDrylands

Shrub

Grasses

Sparse grasses

1.02

1.02

1.02

0.56

0.80

0.70

1.07

1.10

1.10

MediterraneanHumid

Shrub

Grasses

Sparse grasses

1.00

1.05

0.93

0.70

0.56

0.55

1.07

1.06

1.06

MediterraneanDrylands

Evergreen shrub

Deciduous shrub

Grasses

Sparse grasses

0.98

0.98

0.95

0.90

0.56

0.56

0.60

0.60

1.07

1.10

1.10

1.01

TemperateHumid

Shrub

Grasses

Sparse grasses

1.12

1.10

1.05

0.95

0.95

0.95

1.14

1.14

1.14

TemperateDrylands

Shrub

Grasses

Sparse grasses

1.12

1.05

1.01

0.95

0.95

0.95

1.09

1.09

1.07

Boreal - 1.12 0.95 1.14

Polar - 1.00 0.71 1.05

TABLE 4: Sequestration factors for organic carbon as a function of grassland typology, management status and climatic zones (Chapter II)

287Vol. 11–2010

MAPS, TABLES AND FIGURES

(i)TYPOLOGY OF GRASSLANDS NATURAL DEGRADED POTENTIALLY

IMPROVED

Deciduous shrub 0.06 –0.02 0.03

Evergreen shrub 0.13 –0.05 0.07

Herbaceous 0.03 –0.02 0.02

Sparse Shrub/herbaceous 0.02 –0.02 0.02

(ii)TYPOLOGY OF GRASSLANDS NATURAL DEGRADED POTENTIALLY

IMPROVED

Deciduous shrub 157.46 –33.30 159.29

Evergreen shrub 110.47 –22.76 37.34

Herbaceous 90.90 –37.71 190.47

Sparse Shrub/herbaceous 99.91 –27.42 105.57

TABLE 5: (i) Mean (kg C/m2) and (ii) total (Mt C) carbon sequestration (0–30 cm)as a function of grassland typology and management level (Chapter II)



LAN

DC

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SS

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200

9

San

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200

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tro

pic

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., 19

99

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mo

net

al.,

200

7

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rile

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., 19

99

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0.75

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tro

pic

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on

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l., 2

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4

der

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&

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pe

rate

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mid

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uid

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pe

rate

dry

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1.09

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uid

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u &

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2

TAB

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:Seq

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trat

ion

fac

tors

fo

r o

rgan

ic c

arb

on

as

a fu

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ion

of

gra

ssla

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typ

olo

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man

agem

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stat

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and

cli

mat

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on

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hap

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289Vol. 11–2010


LAN

DC

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MA

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trat

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fac

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fo

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as

a fu

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of

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man

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&

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, 200

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al.,

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0

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m B

on

et, 2

004

291Vol. 11–2010


13

He

rba

ceo

us

cov

er,

clo

sed

-o

pe

n

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dit

err

an

ea

n

dry

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ds

0.95

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198

8

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198

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jes,

200

40.

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pe

rate

h

um

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1.10

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nel

l, 19

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1.5

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200

4

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nto

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199

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uid

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Tem

pe

rate

dry

1.05

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1.11 1.1

1.09

1.01

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1.16

0

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Mo

rten

son

et a

l., 2

004

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wer

s, 1

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g a

nd

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998

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l., 2

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um

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9

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., 19

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199

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199

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r &

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on

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sen

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6

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l d

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uid

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71W

u &

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ssen

, 200

2

TAB

LE 6

:Seq

ues

trat

ion

fac

tors

fo

r o

rgan

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arb

on

as

a fu

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of

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ssla

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man

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and

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71.

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der

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dit

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&

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Me

dit

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004

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der

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Tem

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rate

h

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Th

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s &

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un

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uid

elin

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0.95

IPC

CG

uid

elin

es, 2

006

Tem

pe

rate

dry

1.01

der

ived

1.07

der

ived

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m W

ang

an

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Ch

en, 1

998

0.95

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uid

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Bo

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l d

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12d

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071.

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199

9 IP

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, 200

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CC

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, 200

6

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lar

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ssen

, 200

2

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d a

rea

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der

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CC

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uid

elin

es, 2

006

TAB

LE 6

:Seq

ues

trat

ion

fac

tors

fo

r o

rgan

ic c

arb

on

as

a fu

nct

ion

of

gra

ssla

nd

typ

olo

gy,

man

agem

ent

stat

us

and

cli

mat

ic z

on

es(C

hap

ter

II)

293Vol. 11–2010


LAND USE AREA

million ha %

Grazing 430.0 56.0

Minimal use (mostly desert) 121.0 15.7

Protected areas 102.6 13.4

Nature conservation 49.9 6.5

Dryland and irrigated agriculture(incl. ~50 percent sown pasture)

42.4 5.5

Forestry 15.2 2.0

Built environment 2.4 0.3

TABLE 7: Area of land uses in Australia (Chapter III)

Source: from Australian Natural Resources Atlas (http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/land/landuse/index.html, last update 7 june 2009)



AREA IN CLASS(MILLION HA) FRACTION IN CLASS

Pasture typeArea

(million ha) Class A Class B Class C A B C

Aristida/Bothriochloa 31.9 15 923 10 381 5 593 0.50 0.33 0.18

Mitchell grass 29.8 17 128 9 977 2 728 0.57 0.33 0.09

Black speargrass 22.9 7 167 11 986 3 743 0.31 0.52 0.16

Spinifex 19.2 9 927 6 631 2 619 0.52 0.35 0.14

Mulga 18.4 3 672 9 355 5 331 0.20 0.51 0.29

Schizachyrium 8.7 1 900 5 729 1 035 0.22 0.66 0.12

Brigalow 8.5 3 430 3 156 1 923 0.40 0.37 0.23

Seasonalriverine plains 5.4 2 170 2 170 1 085 0.40 0.40 0.20

Bluegrass-browntop 4.9 991 3 718 248 0.20 0.75 0.05

Gidgee 2.7 939 866 879 0.35 0.32 0.33

Queensland bluegrass 2.4 617 854 901 0.26 0.36 0.38

Bladygrass 2.0 326 1 253 415 0.16 0.63 0.21

Georgina gidgee 1.6 1 119 320 160 0.70 0.20 0.10

Plume sorghum 0.9 835 46 46 0.90 0.05 0.05

Former rain forest 0.9 345 431 86 0.40 0.50 0.10

Ribbon grass 0.6 600 32 0 0.95 0.05 0.00

Saltwater couch 0.8 722 40 40 0.90 0.05 0.05

TOTAL 161.6 67 811 66 945 26 832 0.42 0.41 0.17

TABLE 8: The area and fraction of Queensland pastures in each of three classes of degradation (A = no significant deterioration, B = deteriorated, C= severely degraded). The assignment to classes A, B or C was the subjective judgements of local experts (data derived from Tothill and Gillies, 1992, Table 3a) (Chapter III)

295Vol. 11–2010


GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

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151

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rian

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aly

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90 k

g

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nsi

ve

gra

ssla

nd

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t)

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her

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017

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080

3312

edd

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ce

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kg

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TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

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ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

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lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

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osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)



GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

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AN

AG

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EN

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2 F H

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RE

NC

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RE

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)(m

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)

Inte

nsi

ve

gra

ssla

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(g

raze

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nd

cu

t)Sc

otl

and

8.8

638

343

110

323

124

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

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ssan

a

et a

l. 20

07

200

kg

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ar

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ve

gra

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(g

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elan

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482

429

337

40

–170

24

edd

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rian

ce

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l. 20

07

200

kg

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a/ye

ar

Inte

nsi

ve

me

ad

ow

(c

ut)

Den

mar

k9.

273

115

233

31

400*

*1

100*

*24

edd

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cova

rian

ce

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ssan

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et a

l. 20

07

200

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ar

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ten

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ce7

1 20

075

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6936

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rian

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Alla

rd

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no

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r

Inte

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ve

pa

stu

re (

gra

zed

)Fr

ance

71

200

990

087

36

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cova

rian

ce

Alla

rd

et a

l. 20

07

175

kg

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ar

Ex

ten

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ea

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w

(cu

t)Sw

iss

9.5

1 10

025

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10

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36

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rian

ce

Am

man

n

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nsi

ve

me

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ow

(c

ut)

Swis

s9.

51

100

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368

67.5

147

36

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Am

man

n

et a

l. 20

07

200

kg

N/h

a/ye

ar

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nsi

ve

we

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nd

m

ea

do

w

(gra

zed

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d c

ut)

UK

12.9

750

169

228

0–3

412

edd

y

cova

rian

ceLl

oyd

200

6

wet

gra

ssla

nd

;

corr

ecte

d f

or

anim

al in

take

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)

297Vol. 11–2010


GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

F CO

2 F H

AR

VE

ST

F MA

NU

RE

NC

SD

UR

AT

ION

ME

TH

OD

RE

FER

EN

CE

SN

OT

ES

(°C

)(m

m)

(g C

/m²/

ye

ar)

(mo

nth

)

Inte

nsi

ve

gra

ssla

nd

(S

ite

A)

Co

un

tyC

ork

,

sou

ther

n

Irel

and

101

470

150

n.d

.15

**12

cham

ber

mea

sure

men

ts

Byr

ne

et a

l. 20

05

300

kg

N/h

a/ye

ar.

New

pas

ture

Inte

nsi

ve

gra

ssla

nd

(S

ite

B)

Co

un

tyC

ork

,

sou

ther

n

Irel

and

101

470

380

n.d

.38

**12

cham

ber

mea

sure

men

ts

Byr

ne

et a

l. 20

05

300

kg

N/h

a/ye

ar.

Perm

anen

t

pas

ture

Na

tiv

e t

all

gra

ss

pra

irie

no

rth

-cen

tral

Okl

aho

ma,

USA

141

868.

58

00

n.d

.20

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Suyk

er a

nd

Ver

ma

2001

no

t g

raze

d,

pre

scri

bed

bu

rn

Sp

ars

e t

uss

ock

d

ry g

rass

lan

d

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thIs

lan

d,

New

Zeal

and

9.9

446

–90

0n

.d.

24

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

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nt

et a

l.

2004

dry

yea

r, n

o

N, n

o b

urn

ing

Sp

ars

e t

uss

ock

d

ry g

rass

lan

d

Sou

thIs

lan

d,

New

Zeal

and

9.2

933

410

0n

.d.

24

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Hu

nt

et a

l.

2004

wet

yea

r, n

o

N, n

o b

urn

ing

Ab

an

do

ne

d

mo

ist

mix

ed

g

rass

lan

d

Alb

erta

,

Can

ada

15.3

482

109

00

n.d

.12

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Flan

agan

et a

l. 20

02

1998

, wet

sum

mer

Ab

an

do

ne

d

mo

ist

mix

ed

g

rass

lan

d

Alb

erta

,

Can

ada

13.2

341

210

0n

.d.

12

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Flan

agan

et a

l. 20

02

1999

, ave

rag

e

sum

mer

Ab

an

do

ne

d

mo

ist

mix

ed

g

rass

lan

d

Alb

erta

,

Can

ada

14.5

275.

5–1

80

0n

.d.

12

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Flan

agan

et a

l. 20

02

2000

, dry

sum

mer

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)



GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

F CO

2 F H

AR

VE

ST

F MA

NU

RE

NC

SD

UR

AT

ION

ME

TH

OD

RE

FER

EN

CE

SN

OT

ES

(°C

)(m

m)

(g C

/m²/

ye

ar)

(mo

nth

)

Mix

ed

gra

ss

Sou

thea

ster

n

Ari

zon

a,U

SA17

356

–135

00

n.d

.48

bo

wen

rat

io

Emm

eric

h

2003

Sp

eci

es-

rich

g

rass

lan

dU

Kn

.a.

n.a

.n

.a.

n.a

.n

.a.

120

48

cham

ber

mea

sure

men

ts

Fitt

eret

al.

1997

4-5

cuts

per

year

Gra

zed

pe

at-

pa

stu

re

Cal

ifo

rnia

,

USA

16.2

1180

280

0n

.d.

24

edd

y

cova

rian

ce

Xu

et a

l.

2004

Mix

ed

gra

ss

Man

dan

ND

,

USA

n.d

.47

894

00

n.d

.

4 x

7

mo

nth

sb

ow

en r

atio

Fran

k an

d

Du

gas

200

1

No

fer

tiliz

er,

no

bu

rnin

g,

last

gra

zed

: 4

year

s

B.

So

il

inv

en

tori

es

Pe

rma

ne

nt

gra

ssla

nd

Eng

lan

d,

Wal

es–5

25 y

ears

soil

C

conc

entr

atio

n

chan

ge 0

-15

cm

Bel

lam

y

et a

l. 20

05

Up

lan

d

gra

ssla

nd

Eng

lan

d,

Wal

es–3

7.5

25 y

ears

soil

C

conc

entr

atio

n

chan

ge 0

-15

cm

Bel

lam

y

et a

l. 20

05

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)

299Vol. 11–2010


GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

F CO

2 F H

AR

VE

ST

F MA

NU

RE

NC

SD

UR

AT

ION

ME

TH

OD

RE

FER

EN

CE

SN

OT

ES

(°C

)(m

m)

(g C

/m²/

ye

ar)

(mo

nth

)

Ro

tati

on

al

gra

ss

Eng

lan

d,

Wal

es–2

.125

yea

rs

soil

C

conc

entr

atio

n

chan

ge 0

-15

cm

Bel

lam

y

et a

l. 20

05

Gra

ssla

nd

Bel

giu

m44

50 y

ears

soil

C

conc

entr

atio

n

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Goi

dts

and

van

Wes

emae

l,

2007

Gra

ssla

nd

Bel

giu

m22

40 y

ears

soil

C

conc

entr

atio

n

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Lett

ens

et a

l. 20

05a

Gra

ssla

nd

Bel

giu

m–9

0 (7

0)10

yea

rs

soil

C

con

cen

trat

ion

chan

ge

0-10

0

cm

Lett

ens

et a

l. 20

05b

Gra

ssla

nd

Ch

ina

101

18 y

ears

soil

C

con

cen

trat

ion

chan

ge

Piao

et a

l. 20

09

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)



GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

F CO

2 F H

AR

VE

ST

F MA

NU

RE

NC

SD

UR

AT

ION

ME

TH

OD

RE

FER

EN

CE

SN

OT

ES

(°C

)(m

m)

(g C

/m²/

ye

ar)

(mo

nth

)

C.

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

cha

ng

e

Pe

ren

nia

l g

rass

lan

d

con

ve

rte

d f

rom

a

rab

le

Cen

tral

Texa

s,

USA

45

for

6–60

year

s

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

0-60

cm

Pott

er

et a

l. 19

99

Cu

ltiv

ate

d s

ite

to

rest

ore

d

gra

ssla

nd

Mis

sou

ri

cote

aux,

Can

ada

0.7

320

30 t

o

290

8 ye

ars

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

0-30

cm

Nel

son

et a

l. 20

08

He

av

y t

o

lig

ht

gra

zin

g

gra

ssla

nd

Ch

eyen

ne,

WY,

USA

n.d

.38

413

.821

yea

rs

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

0-5

cm

Gan

jeg

ute

et a

l. 20

05

Ex

clo

sure

to

li

gh

t g

razi

ng

Ch

eyen

ne,

WY,

USA

n.d

.38

414

.321

yea

rs

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

0-5

cm

Gan

jeg

ute

et a

l. 20

05

nu

trie

nts

a

dd

itio

n v

ia

fert

iliz

er

Fort

y-tw

o

dat

a p

oin

ts30

b

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

Co

nan

t

et a

l. 20

01

Co

nv

ert

ing

cu

ltiv

ate

d l

an

d

to g

rass

lan

d

Twen

ty-t

hre

e

dat

a p

oin

ts10

1b

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

Co

nan

t

et a

l. 20

01

imp

rov

ed

g

razi

ng

m

an

ag

em

en

t

Fort

y-fi

ve

dat

a p

oin

ts35

b

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

Co

nan

t

et a

l. 20

01

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)

301Vol. 11–2010


GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

F CO

2 F H

AR

VE

ST

F MA

NU

RE

NC

SD

UR

AT

ION

ME

TH

OD

RE

FER

EN

CE

SN

OT

ES

(°C

)(m

m)

(g C

/m²/

ye

ar)

(mo

nth

)

Imp

rov

ed

gra

ss

spe

cie

s

Five

dat

a

po

ints

304b

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

Co

nan

t

et a

l. 20

01

Re

sto

rati

on

of

de

gra

de

d l

an

ds

US

gre

at

pla

ins

80–1

10

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

Folle

ttet

al.

2001

So

wn

gra

ssla

nd

o

n m

ine

ral

soil

Fran

ce60

–80

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

(OM

frac

tio

ns

>50

μ)

Lois

eau

an

d

Sou

ssan

a

1999

Re

du

ctio

n o

f N

fe

rtil

ize

r in

pu

tFr

ance

980

030

10 y

ears

soil

C st

ock

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

Co

nv

ers

ion

of

sho

rt d

ura

tio

n

gra

ss-l

ey

to

g

rass

-le

gu

me

mix

ture

Fran

ce9

800

30–5

010

yea

rs

soil

C st

ock

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

Inte

nsi

fica

tio

n

of

pe

rma

ne

nt

gra

ssla

nd

Fran

ce9

800

2010

yea

rs

soil

C st

ock

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

Inte

nsi

fica

tio

n

of

nu

trie

nt

po

or

gra

ssla

nd

on

o

rga

nic

so

ils

Fran

ce7

1 10

0–1

0010

yea

rs

soil

C st

ock

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

Pe

rma

ne

nt

gra

ssla

nd

to

me

diu

m

du

rati

on

le

ys

Fran

ce9

800

–20

10 y

ears

soil

C st

ock

chan

ge 0

-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)



GR

AS

SLA

ND

TY

PE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EM

EN

T

LOC

AT

ION

MA

TM

AP

F CO

2 F H

AR

VE

ST

F MA

NU

RE

NC

SD

UR

AT

ION

ME

TH

OD

RE

FER

EN

CE

SN

OT

ES

(°C

)(m

m)

(g C

/m²/

ye

ar)

(mo

nth

)

Incr

ea

sin

g t

he

du

rati

on

of

gra

ss l

ey

s Fr

ance

980

0

20 t

o

5010

yea

rs

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

0-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

Sh

ort

du

rati

on

le

ys

to

pe

rma

ne

nt

gra

ssla

nd

Fran

ce9

800

30 t

o

4010

yea

rs

soil

C s

tock

chan

ge

0-30

cm

Sou

ssan

a

et a

l. 20

04

D.

Farm

sca

le

Inte

nsi

ve

gra

zed

an

d c

ut

gra

ssla

nd

Co

un

tyC

ork

,

sou

ther

n

Irel

and

1013

4029

013

4n

.d.

205

12

edd

y

cova

rian

ce,

farm

flu

xes

Byr

ne

et a

l. 20

07

300

kg

N/h

a/ye

ar;

catt

le g

raze

d

Inte

nsi

ve

gra

ssla

nd

(g

raze

d a

nd

cu

t)

Sou

thW

est

Irel

and

1017

8519

370

n.d

.24

12

edd

y

cova

rian

ce,

farm

flu

xes

Jacs

ik

et a

l. 20

06

wet

yea

r,

300

kg

N/h

a/ye

ar

Inte

nsi

ve

gra

ssla

nd

(g

raze

d a

nd

cu

t)

Sou

thW

est

Irel

and

1011

8525

810

0n

.d.

8912

edd

y

cova

rian

ce,

farm

flu

xes

Jacs

ik

et a

l. 20

06

dry

yea

r,

300

kg

N/h

a/ye

ar

MA

T =

mea

n a

nn

ual

tem

per

atu

re; M

AP

= m

ean

an

nu

al p

reci

pit

atio

n; F

co2

= n

et C

O2

eco

syst

em e

xch

ang

e; F

man

ure =

late

ral o

rgan

ic C

flu

xes

wh

ich

are

imp

ort

ed (

man

ure

ap

plic

atio

n)

fro

m t

he

syst

em; F

har

vest =

late

ral o

rgan

ic C

flu

xes

wh

ich

are

exp

ort

ed (

har

vest

s) f

rom

th

e sy

stem

; n.d

. = n

ot

defi

ned

.

A a

vera

ge

of

gro

win

g s

easo

n.

B 8

7 p

erce

nt

of

the

stu

die

s w

ere

fro

m A

ust

ralia

, th

e U

nit

ed K

ing

do

m, N

ewZe

alan

d,C

anad

a, B

razi

l an

d t

he

Un

ited

Stat

es o

f A

mer

ica.

**N

ot

incl

ud

ed in

mea

n.

Ad

dit

ion

al s

tud

ies

can

be

fou

nd

in t

he

revi

ews

by

Co

nan

t et

al.(

2001

) an

d b

y O

gle

et

al. (

2004

).

TAB

LE 9

:Lit

erat

ure

su

rvey

of

net

C s

tora

ge

(NC

S) a

t g

rass

lan

d s

ites

usi

ng

dif

fere

nt

met

ho

ds:

C f

lux

bal

ance

(A

), g

rass

lan

d s

oil

C

inve

nto

ry (

B),

so

il C

ch

ang

e af

ter

a ch

ang

e in

gra

ssla

nd

man

agem

ent

(C),

an

d f

arm

sca

le f

lux

mea

sure

men

ts (

D).

A p

osi

tive

Fco

2

rep

rese

nts

a n

ew C

up

take

fro

m t

he

eco

syst

em.

A p

osi

tive

NC

S d

eno

tes

a n

ew c

arb

on

acc

um

ula

tio

n i

n g

rass

lan

d e

cosy

stem

s.

All

flu

xes

are

in g

C/m

2 /ye

ar.

(Ch

apte

r V

I)

303Vol. 11–2010


MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

NC

SA

TT-

NC

SG

RA

SS

LAN

DM

ET

HA

NE

GW

PC

H4

FC

H4

TO

TAL

ME

TH

AN

EG

WP

CH

4 F

CH

4

GR

AS

SLA

ND

N2

OG

WP

N2

OFN

2O

TO

TAL

N2

OG

WP

N2

OFN

2O

NG

HG

AT

T-N

GH

G

Gra

zin

g47

147

114

514

522

2232

032

0

Gra

zin

ga

nd

cu

ttin

g18

326

815

947

664

81–2

2–2

72

Cu

ttin

g25

935

90

447

3053

230

–141

NC

S =

net

car

bo

n s

tora

ge

in t

he

gra

ssla

nd

(se

e eq

uat

ion

(2)

); A

tt-N

CS

= a

ttri

bu

ted

net

car

bo

n s

tora

ge

(see

eq

uat

ion

(4)

); N

GH

G =

net

gre

enh

ou

se g

as b

alan

ce (

see

equ

atio

n (

3));

Att

-NG

HG

=

attr

ibu

ted

net

gre

enh

ou

se g

as b

alan

ce (

see

equ

atio

n (

5));

GW

P =

glo

bal

war

min

g p

ote

nti

al.

Dat

a ar

e m

ean

s o

f tw

o, f

ou

r an

d t

hre

e Eu

rop

ean

sit

es f

or

gra

zed

on

ly (

mea

t p

rod

uct

ion

sys

tem

s), c

ut

and

gra

zed

(m

eat

and

dai

ry p

rod

uct

ion

sys

tem

s), a

nd

cu

t o

nly

(d

airy

pro

du

ctio

n s

yste

ms)

gra

ssla

nd

s.

A p

osi

tive

val

ue

of

NC

S,A

tt-N

CS,

NG

HG

an

d A

tt-N

GH

G d

eno

tes

a si

nk

acti

vity

of

the

gra

ssla

nd

eco

syst

ems.

TAB

LE 1

0:M

ean

an

nu

al g

reen

ho

use

flu

xes

in C

O2

equ

ival

ents

/m2 /

year

of

man

aged

Eu

rop

ean

gra

ssla

nd

sit

es s

tud

ied

by

Sou

ssan

a et

al.

(200

7)(C

hap

ter

VI)



Site

1: D

ovi

o

LAN

D-U

SE

SY

ST

EM

TO

TAL

C I

NS

OIL

(T

ON

NE

S/

HA

/1M

EQ

)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

PAS

TU

RE

(TO

NN

ES

/HA

)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

FIN

ER

OO

TS

(T

ON

NE

S/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

TH

ICK

RO

OT

S,

TR

UN

KS

AN

DLE

AV

ES

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

SY

ST

EM

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

Na

tiv

e f

ore

st23

1 a2

61.7

3-

-4.

61.

213

8.9

37.1

374.

4

B.

de

cum

be

ns

147

b97

.20.

90.

63.

32.

2-

-15

1.2

Fora

ge

ba

nk

131

c95

.1-

-4.

33.

1 2

.5 1

.813

7.8

De

gra

de

d p

ast

ure

136

c96

.50.

50.

43.

92.

8 0

.6 0

.314

1.0

N (

sam

pli

ng

po

ints

/ sy

stem

)24

4024

8

Me

an

, C

V (

%),

LS

D1

016

1, 2

0, 1

8

Site

2: D

agu

a

LAN

D-U

SE

SY

ST

EM

TO

TAL

C I

NS

OIL

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A /

1

ME

Q)

%T

OTA

LC

INPA

ST

UR

E(T

ON

NE

S/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

FIN

ER

OO

TS

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

TH

ICK

RO

OT

S,

TR

UN

KS

AN

DLE

AV

ES

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

SY

ST

EM

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

Fore

st (

40

ye

ars

old

)18

6 a2

61.7

3-

-2.

60.

911

2.7

37.4

301.

5

Fore

st (

15

ye

ars

old

)15

5 ab

61.7

2-

-2.

20.

9 9

3.9

37.4

251.

2

Na

tura

l re

ge

ne

rati

on

of

de

gra

de

d p

ast

ure

s 14

2 b

97.1

0.5

0.3

3.2

2.2

0.6

0.4

146.

3

B.

de

cum

be

ns

136

b93

.70.

80.

68.

35.

7-

-14

5.1

Fora

ge

ba

nk

90

c94

.7-

-2.

52.

6 2

.6 2

.7 9

5.1

De

gra

de

d s

oil

97

c98

.4-

-1.

61.

6-

- 9

8.6

N (

sam

pli

ng

po

ints

/ sy

ste

m)

2440

248

Me

an

, C

V (

%),

LS

D1

013

5, 2

5, 3

01

Res

ult

s o

f 20

02-2

005,

CSe

qu

estr

atio

n P

roje

ct -

Th

eN

eth

erla

nd

sC

oo

per

ativ

eA

ctiv

ity

CO

-010

402”

,In

tern

al P

ub

licat

ion

No

. 14.

Ju

ne

2005

. 2

Mea

ns

wit

h d

iffe

ren

t le

tter

s d

iffe

r st

atis

tica

lly, w

ith

an

err

or

pro

bab

ility

of

0.10

. 3Th

e p

erce

nta

ge

ob

tain

ed in

th

e n

ativ

e fo

rest

of

Co

sta

Ric

a’s

sub

hu

mid

tro

pic

al r

ain

fo

rest

eco

syst

em w

as u

sed

.

TAB

LE 1

1:C

arb

on

in

so

il a

nd

bio

mas

s in

eac

h l

and

-use

sys

tem

in

th

e h

ills

ides

of

the

Co

lom

bia

n A

nd

es1

(Ch

apte

r V

II)

305Vol. 11–2010


Site

1: “

LaG

uaj

ira”

far

m (

flat

to

po

gra

ph

y)

LAN

D-U

SE

SY

ST

EM

TO

TAL

C I

NS

OIL

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A/

1M

EQ

)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

PAS

TU

RE

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

FIN

ER

OO

TS

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

TH

ICK

RO

OT

S,

TR

UN

KS

AN

DLE

AV

ES

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

SY

ST

EM

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

B.

hu

mid

ico

la14

4 a2

95.5

1.9

1.3

4.9

3.2

--

150.

8

B.

hu

mid

ico

la +

le

gu

me

138

b94

.82.

11.

45.

53.

8-

-14

5.6

Na

tura

l re

ge

ne

rati

on

of

de

gra

de

d p

ast

ure

13

4 b

97.3

1.3

0.9

2.4

1.7

--

137.

7

B.

de

cum

be

ns

+ l

eg

um

e12

8 c

96.7

1.2

0.9

3.2

2.4

--

132.

4

B.

de

cum

be

ns

124

c97

.71.

10.

91.

81.

4-

-12

6.9

Na

tiv

e f

ore

st10

7 d

61.7

3-

-66

.438

.317

3.4

N (

sam

pli

ng

po

ints

/ s

yst

em

)27

4527

Me

an

, C

V (

%),

LS

D1

012

9, 1

0, 5

Site

2: “

Bei

jing

” Fa

rm (

rolli

ng

hill

s to

po

gra

ph

y)

LAN

D-U

SE

SY

ST

EM

TO

TAL

C I

NS

OIL

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A/1

ME

Q)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

PAS

TU

RE

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

FIN

ER

OO

TS

(TO

NN

ES

/H

A)

%T

OTA

L C

IN

TH

ICK

RO

OT

S,

TR

UN

KS

AN

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il a

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bio

mas

s in

eac

h l

and

use

sys

tem

in

th

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bh

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rop

ical

fo

rest

s o

f Po

cora

, C

ost

a R

ica1

(Ch

apte

r V

II)

307Vol. 11–2010


LAND USE LAND AREA

CARBON STOCKS

ABOVEGROUND SOIL TOTAL

Million/ha --------------- Mg/ha ---------------

Tropical/temperate forests 2 800 97 113 210

Cropland 800 2 80 82

Tropical/temperate grasslands 3 500 21 160 181

TABLE 14: Summary of C stocks in forest, cropland and grasslands (Chapter VIII)

Source: IPCC, 2000

STUDYDEPTH

(cm)

CARBON STOCK (MG C/HA)

PR>FFOREST GRASS CROP

Eastern Texas 1, 2 30 N.D. 88 + 18 57 + 8 <0.01

Ten southeastern states 3 25 31 + 12 31 + 16 23 + 15 0.04

Maryland 4 15 N.D. 32 + 10 20 + 7 0.01

Alabama 5,6 25 + 6 60 + 21 48 + 26 34 + 8 0.03

Mississippi, Georgia 7,8 25 + 7 47 + 2 38 22 + 6 0.08

Mean 24 + 6 49.9 a 47.4 a 31.1 b1 Laws and Evans (1949); 2 Potter et al. (1999); 3 McCracken (1959); 4 Islam and Weil (2000); 5 Fesha et al. (2002); 6 Torbert, Prior and Runion (2004); 7 Rhoton and Tyler (1990); 8 Franzluebbers et al. (2000).

TABLE 15: SOC stocks in different land uses in the southeastern United States(Chapter VIII)

Source: Summarized from Franzluebbers, 2005



FRACTIONOF SOIL

SOILDEPTH

(cm)

LEVEL OF FERTILIZATION

LOW HIGH

Total SOC(Mg/ha)

0–2.5 10.2 10.9

2.5–7.5 11.0 < 11.8

7.5–15 11.0 < 11.7

15–30 12.8 13.1

0–30 45.0 < 47.6

Particulate organic carbon(Mg/ha)

0–2.5 5.1 5.9

2.5–7.5 4.1 < 4.6

7.5–15 2.9 3.1

15–30 2.7 3.6

0–30 15.0 < 16.8

Soil microbial biomass carbon(Kg/ha)

0–2.5 822 943

2.5–7.5 585 574

7.5–15 621 627

15–30 740 897

0–30 2 769 3 041

Basal soil respiration(Kg/ha/d)

0–2.5 24.1 < 28.8

2.5–7.5 15.0 13.8

7.5–15 10.7 10.5

15–30 7.7 7.2

0–30 57.5 60.3

< between means indicates significance at p < 0.05.

TABLE 16: Depth distribution of SOC fractions at the end of 15 years of low (134-15-56 kg N-P-K/ha/year) and high (336-37-139 kg N-P-K/ha/year) fertilization of tall fescue pasture in Watkinsville, Georgia, United States (Chapter VIII)

Source: Schnabel et al., 2001

309Vol. 11–2010


SOIL FRACTION E- E+

Whole SOC (Mg/ha) 29.3 < 31.2

Macroaggregate C (Mg/ha) 31.1 << 33.6

Particulate-to-total C (g/g) 0.42 > 0.39

Microbial biomass-to-total C (Mg/g) 45 > 42

Mineralizable-to-total C (Mg/g) 44 41

<, > and << between means indicate significance at p <0.05, p <0.05, and p <0.01, respectively.

TABLE 17: SOC and various aggregate and biologically active fractions as affected by 20 years of tall fescue pastures with either low endophyte infection (E-) or high endophyte infection (E+) (Chapter VIII)

Source: Franzluebbers and Stuedemann, 2005



EC

OS

YS

TE

MS

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CA

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epth

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et a

l.,

2007

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oved

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9.2

23N

D

311Vol. 11–2010


EC

OS

YS

TE

MS

LAN

DU

SE

S

CA

RB

ON

ST

OC

K(t

on

ne

s/h

a)

OB

SE

RV

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SR

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NC

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IAL

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RE

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pic

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rest

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añ

as,

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sta

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Bra

chia

ria

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zan

tha

+ P

ith

ecel

lob

ium

sam

an10

.50.

453.

4SO

C

(Mg

/ha)

, mea

sure

d

at d

epth

0–0

.6 m

,

tree

s g

C/1

00 g

, ag

e 17

mo

nth

s

An

dra

de,

200

7B

rach

iari

a b

riza

nth

a +

Dip

hys

a

rob

inio

ides

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6.1

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areh

nia

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fa +

Pit

hec

ello

biu

m

sam

an5.

01.

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5

Hu

mid

tro

pic

al

fore

st

Po

cora

, C

ost

a R

ica

Bra

chia

ria

bri

zan

tha

+ A

rach

is p

into

i18

6.8

NA

ND

SOC

mea

sure

d a

t d

epth

0–1

m, a

ge

seve

n y

ears

Am

ézq

uit

aet

al.,

2008

Aca

cia

man

giu

m +

Ara

chis

pin

toi

160.

712

.8N

D

Bra

chia

ria

bri

zan

tha

153.

0N

AN

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Deg

rad

ed w

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y p

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re10

7.9

NA

NA

Su

bh

um

id t

rop

ica

l fo

rest

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arz

a,

Co

sta

Ric

a

Bra

chia

ria

dec

um

ben

s10

9.6

NA

ND

Bra

chia

ria

dec

um

ben

s +

tre

es12

0.0

17.2

ND

Tect

on

a g

ran

dis

222.

892

.4N

D

Seco

nd

ary

fore

st22

6.0

58.3

ND

*Car

bo

n m

easu

red

in t

run

ks a

lon

e. N

A =

no

t ap

plie

d, N

D =

no

t av

aila

ble

TAB

LE 1

8:C

arb

on

sto

cks

in l

and

use

s ac

cord

ing

to

eco

syst

ems

eval

uat

ed i

n C

entr

al A

mer

ica

(Ch

apte

r X

)



ECOSYSTEMS LAND USES CARBON FIXATIONRATE (tonnes/

ha/year)

REFERENCES

Humid tropical forest Guapiles, Costa Rica

Brachiaria brizantha +

Eucalyptus deglupta

1.8

Andrade,

1999

Panicum maximum +

Eucalyptus deglupta

2.3

Brachiaria decumbens +

Acacia mangium

1.9

Panicum maximum +

Acacia mangium

2.1

Volcanic highlands Cordillera,Costa Rica

Pennisetum clandestinum

monoculture

5.2

Mora,

2001

Pennisetum clandestinum +

trees

5.1

Cynodon nlemfuensis

monoculture

4.8

Cynodon nlemfuensis + trees 4.9

Humid tropical forest Costa Rica


Eucalyptus deglupta

1.8

Avila et al.,

2001Brachiaria brizantha +

Acacia mangium

2.2

Subhumid tropical forest Esparza,Costa Rica

Natural pasture – trees 0.04

GEF,

2007

Natural pasture +

high tree density

1.2

Improved pasture – trees 1.0

Improved pasture +

high tree density

4.5

Forest plantations 5.0

Secondary forest 7.5

Subhumid tropical forest Esparza,Costa Rica

Bracharia brizantha pasture 3.5

Amézquita

et al., 2008


Arachis pintoi pasture

4.1

Hyparrhenia rufa pasture 3.7

Natural forest regeneration 2.0

TABLE 19: Carbon fixation/year (tonnes/ha) in pasture, silvopastoral and forest land-use systems (Chapter X)

313Vol. 11–2010


LAND USES

(%)

2004 2005 2006 2007

Degraded pasture 11.9 6.1 5.1 4.1

Natural pastures without trees 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Improved pastures without trees 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5

Natural pastures with trees 18.7 15.9 13.0 11.5

Improved pastures with trees 28.8 40.7 44.8 47.2

Fodder banks 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Secondary vegetation 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.0

Forest 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0

Other uses* 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.0

Total area = 302 ha

Tonnes CO2 eq 13 773.9 22 564.8 24 962.3 26 534

*Other uses include areas with different crops.

TABLE 20: Land uses in the livestock landscape of Esparza, Costa Rica (Chapter X)



INDICATOR GROUP 2003 2006 CHANGE(%)

Productivityof milk(kg/ha/year)

Non-poor 517.1±123.2 a 550.5±43.1 a 6.5

Poor 585.5±252.7 a 687.9±155.7 a 17.5

Extremely poor 610.7±128.5 a 816.0±89.5 a 33.6

Family gross income per capita/ household/year (USD)

Non-poor 2 639.2±590.6 a 4 921.4±1

100.0 a

86.5

Poor 1 011.8±151.4 b 2 141.6±852.5 b 111.6

Extremely poor 808.7±478.8 c 1 490.5±301.4 c 84.2

TABLE 21: Productivity of milk and family gross income on farms with payment for environmental services in different poverty groups in Matiguás, Nicaragua, 2007 (Chapter X)

Source: Marín et al., 2007

INCREASING C INPUTS DECREASING C LOSSES

1. Increasing biomass C inputs to soil by

improved grazing management

Improving (reducing or increasing)

stocking rates

Rotational, planned or adaptive

grazing

Enclosing grassland from livestock

grazing

2. Increasing biomass

Seeding fodder grasses or legumes

Improving vegetation community

structure

Fertilization

3. Improved management of land use

conversion

Converting agricultural land use to

permanent grassland

Avoiding conversion of grassland to

cultivation

Avoiding conversion of forest to

pasture

4. Fire management and control

5. Alternative energy technologies to

replace use of shrubs/dung as fuel

TABLE 22: Management practices with potential to increase C sequestrationor decrease C losses in rangelands (Chapter XII)

Source: Tennigkeit and Wilkes, 2008

315Vol. 11–2010


MANAGEMENTPRACTICE

NO. OFDATA

POINTS*

MEAN CHANGE IN tones CO2e/ha/yr OR TOTAL

CHANGE IN %C

MIN – MAX

Vegetationcultivation

c: 31

%: 7

9.39 tonnes

CO2eq/ha

0.56%

–12.1–46.50 tonnes

CO2eq/ha/year

0.11–1.14%

Avoided land cover/land-usechange

c: 65

%: 22

0.40 tonnes

CO2eq/ha

0.87%

–103.78–15.03 tonnes

CO2eq/ha/year

–0.7–4.2%

Grazingmanagement

c: 55

%: 21

2.16 tonnes

CO2eq/ha

0.13%

–12.47–33.44 tonnes

CO2eq/ha/year

–2.03–5.42%

Fertilizationc: 27

%: 68

1.76 tonnes

CO2eq/ha

0.47%

–11.73–9.09 tonnes

CO2eq/ha/year

–1.23–4.8%

Fire controlc: 2

%: 1

2.68 tonnes

CO2eq/ha

0%

3.67–4.11 tonnes

CO2eq/ha/year

0%

*(c = no. of studies reporting in C content; % = no. of studies reporting in %C.

TABLE 23: C sequestration potential of rangeland management practices (Chapter XII)

Source: Tennigkeit and Wilkes, 2008



PROJECT NAME LOCATION MAIN ACTIVITIES REFERENCE SOURCES

CCX Rangeland Carbon Offsets

Mid-western

United States

of America

Stocking rate

management,

rotational and

seasonal grazing

Chicago Climate

Exchange (CCX), 2009

Caribbean Savannah Carbon Sink Project

Colombia Silvopastoral

practices

World Bank, 2007

Uchindile and Mapanda Forest Projects

United Republic

of Tanzania

Afforestation http://www.

forestcarbonportal.

com/

inventory_project.

php?item=282

The West Arnhem Fire Abatement Agreement

Australia Fire management http://savanna.ntu.

edu.au/information/

arnhem_fire_project.

html

Solar cooking unitsin the Andes

Bolivia:

(Plurinational

State of)

Rural energy http://www.

actioncarbone.org/

Ducks Unlimited Avoided Grassland Conversion Project in the PrairiePothole Region

United States

of America

Avoided

conversion of

grasslands

Ducks Unlimited and

Eco Projects Fund,

2009

TABLE 24: Selected carbon finance projects in rangelands (Chapter XII)

tables - food and agriculture organization · 2011-02-17 · evergreen shrub 869 506 705 2 081...

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