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Table of Contents Table of Contents About This Book ..............................................................................................vi The Social Studies Standards .........................................................................viii Key Themes and Concepts ...............................................................................ix Preparing for the Regents ..............................................................................xii Unit Pre-Tests ............................................................................................ xxxvii Unit 1 Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions (4000 B.C.–A.D. 500) 1 Section 1 Early Peoples and River Civilizations 2 Section 2 Classical Civilizations 9 Section 3 Rise and Fall of Great Empires 18 Section 4 Emergence and Spread of Belief Systems 21 Questions for Regents Practice 28 Thematic Essay Question 30 Document-Based Question 31 Unit 2 Expanding Zones of Exchange (500–1200) 35 Section 1 The Gupta Empire in India 36 Section 2 Tang and Song Dynasties in China 40 Section 3 The Byzantine Empire and Russia 44 Section 4 Islamic Civilization 48 Section 5 Medieval Europe 54 Section 6 The Crusades 60 Questions for Regents Practice 64 Thematic Essay Question 66 Document-Based Question 67 Unit 3 Global Interactions (1200–1650) 71 Section 1 Early Japan and Feudalism 72 Section 2 The Mongols and Their Impact 76 Section 3 Global Trade and Interactions 80 Section 4 The Resurgence of Europe 84 Section 5 African Civilizations 92 Questions for Regents Practice 97 Thematic Essay Question 100 Document-Based Question 101 New York Standards Standard Key Idea 4.2 KEY Unit 1 Standards 1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 1.2 2.2 3.2 1.3 2.3 1.4 2.4 Unit 2 Standards 1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 1.2 2.2 1.3 2.3 Unit 3 Standards 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 2.2 2.3 iii Table of Contents iii

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Table of Contents

New York Standards

Standard Key Idea

4.2 KEY

Unit 1 Standards

Table of Contents

About This Book ..............................................................................................vi

The Social Studies Standards .........................................................................viii

Key Themes and Concepts ...............................................................................ix

Preparing for the Regents ..............................................................................xii

Unit Pre-Tests ............................................................................................xxxvii

Unit 1 Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions (4000 b.c.–a.d. 500) 1

Section 1 Early Peoples and River Civilizations 2 Section 2 Classical Civilizations 9 Section 3 Rise and Fall of Great Empires 18 Section 4 Emergence and Spread of Belief Systems 21

Questions for Regents Practice 28 Thematic Essay Question 30 Document-Based Question 31

Unit 2 Expanding Zones of Exchange (500–1200) 35

Section 1 The Gupta Empire in India 36 Section 2 Tang and Song Dynasties in China 40 Section 3 The Byzantine Empire and Russia 44 Section 4 Islamic Civilization 48 Section 5 Medieval Europe 54 Section 6 The Crusades 60

Questions for Regents Practice 64 Thematic Essay Question 66 Document-Based Question 67

Unit 3 Global Interactions (1200–1650) 71

Section 1 Early Japan and Feudalism 72 Section 2 The Mongols and Their Impact 76 Section 3 Global Trade and Interactions 80 Section 4 The Resurgence of Europe 84 Section 5 African Civilizations 92

Questions for Regents Practice 97 Thematic Essay Question 100 Document-Based Question 101

New York Standards

Standard Key Idea

4.2 KEY

Unit 1 Standards

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.11.2 2.2 3.21.3 2.3 1.4 2.4

Unit 2 Standards

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.11.2 2.2 1.3 2.3

Unit 3 Standards

2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 2.2 2.3

iiiTable of Contents iii

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New York Standards

Table of Contents

Unit 4 The First Global Age (1450–1770) 105

Section 1 Mesoamerican Civilizations 106 Section 2 The Ming Dynasty in China 112 Section 3 The Ottoman Empire 116 Section 4 Explorations, Encounters, and Imperialism 119 Section 5 Absolutism and the Puritan Revolution 126

Questions for Regents Practice 131 Thematic Essay Question 134 Document-Based Question 135

Unit 5 An Age of Revolutions (1750–1914) 139

Section 1 Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment 140 Section 2 Political Revolutions 144 Section 3 Reaction Against Revolutionary Ideas 152 Section 4 Global Nationalism 158 Section 5 Economic and Social Revolutions 163 Section 6 Japan and the Meiji Restoration 170 Section 7 Imperialism 173

Questions for Regents Practice 179 Thematic Essay Question 181 Document-Based Question 182

Unit 6 Crises and Achievements (1900–1945) 185

Section 1 Scientific and Technological Achievements 186 Section 2 World War I 190 Section 3 Revolution in Russia: Causes and Impacts 196 Section 4 Between the Wars 202 Section 5 World War II 210

Questions for Regents Practice 216 Thematic Essay Question 219 Document-Based Question 220

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.11.2 2.2 1.3 2.3

Unit 4 Standards

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Unit 5 Standards

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Unit 6 Standards

iv Table of Contents

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Unit 1 Standards

New York Standards

Table of Contents

Unit 7 The Twentieth Century and Beyond (1945–The Present) 225

Section 1 Cold War Balance of Power 226 Section 2 Economic Issues 233 Section 3 Chinese Communist Revolution 238 Section 4 Collapse of European Imperialism 242 Section 5 Conflicts and Change in the Middle East 249 Section 6 Collapse of Communism and the Soviet Union 255 Section 7 Political and Economic Change in Latin America 260

Questions for Regents Practice 264 Thematic Essay Question 267 Document-Based Question 268

Unit 8 The World Today: Connections and Interactions (1980–The Present) 273

Section 1 Economic Trends 274 Section 2 Conflicts and Peace Efforts 281 Section 3 Social Patterns and Political Change 292 Section 4 Science and Technology 300 Section 5 The Environment 304

Questions for Regents Practice 310 Thematic Essay Question 312 Document-Based Question 313

Thematic Review TR-1 Glossary G-1 Index I-1 Acknowledgments C-1 Regents Examination – January 2015 Regents Examination – August 2014 Regents Examination – June 2014 Regents Examination – January 2014 Regents Examination – August 2013 Regents Examination – June 2013

New York Standards

Unit 7 Standards

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.11.2 2.2 1.3 2.3 1.4 2.4

Unit 8 Standards

1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.11.2 2.2 4.2 2.3 2.4

Table of Contents v

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