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Page 1: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

 

 

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Text Box
MIDDLEBURY MOBIL SITE MONITORING REPORT SEPTEMBER 2013 MIDDLEBURY MOBIL US ROUTE 7 MIDDLEBURY, VT Prepared for: Mr. Carl Ruprecht S.B. Collins P.O. Box 671 St. Albans, VT 05478 Project No. VTA1-0134D SMS No. 2001-2936 December 4, 2013 Prepared by: ECS 1 Elm Street, Suite 3 Waterbury, VT 05676 tel: 802-241-4131 www.ecsconsult.com
Page 2: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES AND RESULTS .................................................................................................. 2

2.1 GROUNDWATER CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................. 2

2.2 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS .............................................................................. 2

2.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL .................................................................................................. 3

3.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 4

FIGURES

Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Site Plan Figure 3 Groundwater Flow Direction Map Figure 4 Contaminant Concentration Map Figures 5-21 Time-Series Graphs

TABLES Table 1 Groundwater Elevation Calculations Table 2 Summary of Analytical Results Table 3 Summary of Natural Attenuation Parameters

APPENDICES

Appendix A Laboratory Report Appendix B Low Flow Sampling Field Forms

Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the findings of the September 2013 biennial monitoring event conducted by Environmental Compliance Services, Inc. (ECS) at the Middlebury Mobil, located on US Route 7, in Middlebury, Vermont (Figures 1 and 2). This work was performed in accordance with ECS’ work plan dated September 16, 2013, which was approved by the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VT DEC) in a letter dated September 18, 2013. The site is an active VT DEC hazardous site (Site #2001-2936), and soil and groundwater contamination have been monitored since 2001. Petroleum contamination was discovered in 2001 during excavation activities to rebuild and replace sumps on gasoline underground storage tanks (USTs). Marin Environmental (now ECS) performed an initial site investigation in 2001. Groundwater monitoring wells were installed and have been monitored since that time, in addition to four pre-existing wells of unknown construction and date, which were designated EX-1 through EX-4 by Marin and were assumed to be UST pad observation wells. A supplemental site investigation was performed in 2003, and an additional site investigation was performed in 2004. A surfactant flushing event was conducted in September 2007 in the UST grave. Filter socks containing ORC©, an oxygen releasing compound, were installed in tank pad wells EX-1 through EX-4 from June 2009 to June 2010. In September 2010, the three 8,000 gallon gasoline USTs, which were installed in 1982 were removed and replaced, with environmental oversight by ECS and evidence of petroleum contamination was observed in the excavation. Two 10,000 gallon gasoline USTs replaced the removed USTs in the same tank grave. According to the site owner, underground piping to gasoline dispensers was also replaced during recent construction. It was ECS’ opinion that the contamination encountered during UST replacement was due to a historical release. This was based on the relatively low soil headspace photoionization detector (PID) readings beneath the USTs, black stained peastone, and an odor characteristic of weathered petroleum. Groundwater within the excavation was de-watered into a 21,000 gallon frac tank to accommodate the installation of the replacement gasoline USTs. The water was subsequently discharged to the sanitary sewer in accordance with general permit #3-9016. There was no visible sheen on groundwater, though some black residue was noted in the groundwater. All excavation materials (i.e. primarily peastone) were returned to the UST excavation.

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Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 2

2.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES AND RESULTS 2.1 GROUNDWATER CHARACTERISTICS

Depth to groundwater was measured on September 23, 2013 in eleven monitoring wells. Depth to groundwater ranged from 2.18 feet (MW-4) to 5.33 feet (MW-1) below top-of-casing. Static water-table elevations were computed for each monitoring well by subtracting the measured depth-to-water readings from the surveyed top-of-casing elevations, which are relative to an arbitrary site datum of 100.00 feet. Water-level measurements and elevation calculations are presented in Table 1. A groundwater-table contour map was prepared using these data (Figure 3). The groundwater table at the site has historically appeared to be relatively flat, although groundwater flow directions and gradients fluctuate significantly. The soils in the site vicinity and surrounding area consist of clayey soils of the Vergennes-Covington association (US Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of

Addison County, Vermont, October 1971). The depth to this clay layer is generally on the order of three to six feet bgs, based on information collected to date. The depth to groundwater is generally three to five feet below ground surface (bgs), corresponding with the clay layer. Given the site hydrogeology, it is likely that groundwater flow in the site vicinity is influenced by the heterogeneous subsurface conditions associated with the UST systems; sand and gravel fill materials, and buried utilities. 2.2 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS On September 23, 2013, groundwater samples were collected for laboratory analysis from seven select monitoring wells (MW-1, MW-2, MW-4, MW-5, MW-7, MW-8, and MW-11). EX-1, EX-2, EX-3, and EX-4 were destroyed during UST replacement activities in September 2010. MW-3, MW-9, MW-12, and MW-13 were removed from the groundwater sampling plan. MW-10 was destroyed. MW-6 was abandoned in accordance with water supply rules on September 27, 2011. The monitoring wells were purged and sampled using low-flow sampling techniques through a peristaltic pump. Field indicator parameters including ORP, DO, temperature, specific conductance, and pH were obtained during well purging for all wells via a portable multi-parameter water quality meter and flow cell. In accordance with EPA recommended practices, samples for turbidity evaluation were collected from the discharge end of the flow cell and measured with a turbidity meter. After stabilization of field indicator parameters, samples were collected from all wells for laboratory analysis of petroleum-related VOCs on the Vermont 8021B list via EPA Method 8260. Samples were transported under chain of custody in an ice-filled cooler to Endyne Laboratories, Inc. of Williston, Vermont. All field procedures were conducted in accordance with ECS standard protocols. A summary of analytical results is presented in Table 2. Table 3 summarizes stabilized field parameters. A contaminant distribution map is presented as Figure 4. Time series graphs are included as Figures 5 though 21. The laboratory report is included as Appendix A. Low flow field sheets are included as Appendix B. Literature indicates that aerobic biodegradation occurs at a reasonable rate at dissolved oxygen concentrations above 2.0 mg/l. The Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards (VGES) for one or more petroleum-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were exceeded in groundwater samples collected from three of the seven sampled monitoring wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) exceeded the VGES in the samples collected from MW-2, MW-5, and MW-8. Benzene also exceeded the VGES in samples collected from MW-2. The highest total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) concentration was 46.9 micrograms per liter (µg/L) in MW-2. No free phase product was detected at the site. Historically, the

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Winter 2010 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 3 highest contaminant concentrations have been detected in the EX-series wells in the vicinity of the current and former gasoline USTs. These wells were destroyed in September 2010 during UST replacement activities. 2.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples included a trip blank and a blind duplicate sample collected from MW-2. An equipment blank was also collected by running deionized water through pump tubing and collecting it into 40 mL vials preserved with hydrochloric acid. The relative percent difference (RPD) for the duplicate sample was below 10%.

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Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 4

3.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The majority of the dissolved-phase groundwater VOC plume appears to be located in the vicinity of the current gasoline USTs at the site. The former gasoline additive MTBE was detected in five of the wells sampled at the site. Contaminant concentrations have decreased significantly site-wide since sampling began in 2001, with the exception of the MTBE concentration in MW-5, which has remained relatively stable in the range of 400 to 700 µg/L. The general site-wide decrease is likely partially attributable to remediation, which included surfactant flushing and oxygen release compound. During September 2010 UST replacement activities, contaminated groundwater was removed from the excavation, and clean backfill material was used in addition to excavated materials in the installation of the new USTs, which also removed contaminant mass in the source area. Although significant improvements have been realized at the site, recent DO concentrations in wells adjacent to the source area indicate the presence of an anaerobic groundwater signature. This is also corroborated by negative ORP and elevated specific conductance in some instances. These conditions indicate that biodegradation is minimally active, but degradation rates in plume “cores” are much slower due to depleted oxygen. However, the presence of “fresh” groundwater outside the source area tends to stabilize the plume due to increased biodegradation rates (available oxygen) along the perimeter. Due to the VGES exceedance of MTBE in downgradient compliance point well MW-8, the site does not meet a Site Management Activity (SMAC) designation. Based on exceedances of VGES, ECS recommends the following:

1. Groundwater sampling should continue on a biennial basis, with the next event scheduled for fall 2015. All seven monitoring wells on the current sampling program should be sampled for petroleum hydrocarbons utilizing the low flow purging methodology on the Vermont 8021B list of target VOCs.

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FIGURES

Page 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

.QUADRANGLE LOCATION

DRAWN BY: DH 2/28/2005 SCALE: 1in = 2000ft

APPROVED BY: LW FILE: A!0134sloc.mxd

Middlebury, VermontMiddlebury MobilSITE:

FIGURE 1. SITE LOCATION MAPTITLE:

MIDDLEBURY Quadrangle (Last Revised: 1983)Source: USGS Topographic Map

Site Lat/Long NAD83: 44.0029, -73.1561

2,000 0 2,000 4,000Feet

Middlebury Mobil

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FIGURE 5. EX-1VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 95.21

05/20/02 42,830 78,500 9,840 19,500 1,690 11,800 1,405 177 122,912 95.65

01/03/03 24,560 17,000 1,870 9,380 1,510 11,800 2,207 225 43,992 95.78

03/18/04 7,909 12,900 1,140 262 1,140 5,367 1,420 245 22,474 95.74

09/30/04 1,910 4,740 445 60.3 592 813 841 135 7,626 95.15

07/11/05 3,113 4,760 640 64.4 829 1,580 1,120 229 9,222 95.79

11/08/05 2,806 4,320 580 78.6 887 1,260 1,450 327 8,903 95.89

01/24/07 2,105 200 178 56.5 670 1,200 1,834.3 243 4,381.8 95.61

10/30/07 932 100 90.4 ND<50 325 517 1,330 183 2,545.4 95.48

06/24/08 2,148 273 613 796 280 459 1,060 111 3,592 95.91

11/03/08 774 216 214 ND<50.0 230 330 1,180 ND<100 2,170 95.72

06/09/09 575 101 173 ND<50.0 133 269 766 ND<100 1,442 95.79

12/28/09 654 233 191 72.5 141 249 682 40.2 1,609 95.62

06/17/10 830 113 309 218 100 203 535 31.7 1,510 95.54

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

NS - Not Sampled.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for EX-1 is 98.34 feet.

Well Destroyed

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

97.00

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 13: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 6. EX-2VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 95.30

05/20/02 29,320 15,000 2,470 11,000 1,650 14,200 2,792 337 47,449 95.80

01/03/03 20,670 12,200 1,490 5,930 1,450 11,800 2,821 270 35,961 95.79

03/18/04 4,253 7,350 641 296 694 2,622 1,499 227 13,329 95.85

09/30/04 3,507 6,880 605 75.4 677 2,150 1,083 189 11,659 95.25

07/11/05 681 1,550 198 ND<50.0 277 206 542 73.6 2,847 95.92

11/08/05 1,528 1,340 200 ND<50.0 559 769 1,090 159.0 4,117 95.90

01/24/07 1,074.3 550 132 23.3 407 512 850 114 2,588 95.55

10/30/07 ND 41.6 ND<20 ND<20 ND<20 ND<40 68.8 ND<40 110 95.45

06/24/08 787 197 258 179 119 231 456.2 ND<40.0 1,440.2 95.88

11/03/08 736 208 166 172 133 265 499.0 ND<40.0 1,443.0 95.68

06/09/09 493 221 131 83.7 91.9 186 318 ND<40.0 1,031.6 95.77

12/28/09 302 248 98.6 62.2 42.6 98.6 197 ND<40.0 747 95.63

06/17/10 263 125 81.5 81.9 31.5 67.8 89 ND<10.0 477 95.52

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

NS - Not Sampled.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for EX-2 is 98.45 feet.

Well Destroyed

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

97.00

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

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FIGURE 7. EX-3VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 343.2 192 42.3 193 16.7 91.2 16.3 2.5 554 95.38

05/20/02 16,980 18,900 3,280 4,480 1,450 7,770 2,294 289 38,463 95.84

01/03/03 13,320 11,100 1,400 3,520 1,130 7,270 2,101 210 26,731 95.82

03/18/04 3,613 4,880 499 429 598 2,087 1,197.4 191 9,881 95.90

09/30/04 5,096 8,100 708 44.0 884 3,460 1,336 237 14,769 96.28

07/11/05 772 1,910 262 21.6 350 138 733.2 108 3,523 96.01

11/08/05 2,548 1,130 193 59.5 815 1,480 1,484.3 240 5,402 95.90

01/24/07 804 626 146 ND<20 374 284 576 86.9 2,093 95.58

10/30/07 282 64.7 32 ND<20 86.6 163 432.8 ND<40 779 95.53

06/24/08 875 199 215 119 177 364 490.7 41.6 1,606 95.95

11/03/08 781 181 169 168 148 296 556.2 ND<40.0 1,518 95.73

06/09/09 488 130 117 44.7 104 222 329 ND<40.0 947 95.75

12/28/09 443 163 122 82.6 88.8 150 353 ND<40.0 959 95.65

06/17/10 361 101 82.7 78.9 52.6 147 126 ND<10.0 588 95.58

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for EX-3 is 98.93 feet.

Well Destroyed

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

97.00

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

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FIGURE 8. EX-4VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 95.42

05/20/02 18,930 8,630 1,090 5,170 1,570 11,100 2,533 314 30,407 95.90

01/03/03 15,900 13,600 1,340 3,190 1,480 9,890 2,650 360 32,510 95.80

03/18/04 8,456 12,500 1,290 213 1,280 5,673 1,758 323 23,037 95.90

09/30/04 1,608 5,590 544 ND<50.0 550 514 1,023 113 8,334 96.21

07/11/05 2,981 4,470 582 76.7 812 1,510 1,230 241 8,922 95.97

11/08/05 5,695 1,130 238 190 967 4,300 2,683 328 9,836 95.90

01/24/07 2,642 809 233 57.4 932 1,420 1,690 271 5,412 95.61

10/30/07 1,602 144 140 75.8 503 883 1,447 218 3,411 95.51

06/24/08 1,362 233 216 183 384 579 1,210 149 2,954 95.90

11/03/08 835 226 172 ND<50.0 280 383 1,190 107 2,358 95.73

06/09/09 767 134 160 ND<50.0 230 377 966 ND<100 1,867 95.63

12/28/09 647 199 159 60.0 187 241 994 ND<100 1,840 95.62

06/17/10 501 135 133 88.6 126 153 568 28.4 1,232 95.52

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

NS - Not Sampled.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for EX-4 is 98.95 feet.

Well Destroyed

94.00

94.50

95.00

95.50

96.00

96.50

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

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FIGURE 9. MW-1VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 1.1 4.6 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 1.1 ND<2.0 3.0 9 95.60

05/20/02 1.0 5.7 1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 7 96.03

01/03/03 ND 5 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 5 95.58

03/18/04 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 96.14

09/29/04 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.13

07/11/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.11

11/08/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.59

01/24/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.12

10/30/07 ND 3.5 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 3.5 95.48

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.82

11/03/08 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 94.85

12/08/10 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.80

09/27/11 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.34

09/23/13 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 94.67

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-1 is 100 feet.

MW-1 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009 and re-instated in 2010.

94.00

94.50

95.00

95.50

96.00

96.50

0

2

4

6

8

10

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

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FIGURE 10. MW-2VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 39,370 8,300 1,550 18,300 1,220 18,300 3,078 314 51,062 95.33

05/20/02 25,097 5,420 1,100 8,370 927 14,700 4,220 549 35,286 95.83

01/03/03 9,625 3,800 512 1,930 453 6,730 1,350 89 14,864 94.72

03/18/04 2,896 5,060 86.8 159 130 2,520 715 51.8 8,723 95.90

09/30/04 115 65.1 4.6 2.9 14.7 92.6 51.3 5.5 237 95.71

07/11/05 2,098 670 115 64.8 318 1,600 918 131 3,817 95.97

11/08/05 2,842 1,210 132 77.7 432 2,200 1,517 165 5,734 95.90

01/24/07 1,327 222 64.5 ND<50 332 930 1,313 128 2,990 95.61

10/30/07 174 241 ND<50.0 ND<50.0 69 105 209 ND<100 624 95.52

06/24/08 233 390 52.7 ND<1.0 79 102 206 24.1 854 95.91

11/03/08 102 178 17.9 ND<10.0 36.6 47.4 139 ND<20.0 419 95.67

06/09/09 379 470 143 24.0 122 89.7 420 ND<20.0 1,269 95.72

12/28/09 62 122 15.7 ND<5.0 28.1 18.4 154 ND<10.0 338 95.61

06/17/10 279.6 105 52.5 20.7 79.4 127 540 25.1 949 95.52

12/08/10 28.8 77.8 12.4 ND<1.0 14.5 1.9 41.9 ND<2.0 149 95.88

09/27/11 88.2 146 31.6 ND<1.0 47.7 8.9 30 5.3 270 95.73

09/23/13 46.9 451.0 29.9 ND<10.0 17.0 ND<20.0 15.4 ND<20.0 513 95.01

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for MW-2 is 99.52 feet.

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

97.00

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 18: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 11. MW-3VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 ND 2.1 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 2 95.58

05/20/02 ND 30.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 31 95.95

01/03/03 ND 34.2 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 34 95.91

03/18/04 ND 9.2 ND<1.0 1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 10 96.08

09/30/04 ND 25.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 26 95.78

07/11/05 ND 6.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 7 96.01

11/08/05 ND 16.8 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 17 95.95

01/24/07 ND 42.5 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 43 95.65

10/30/07 ND 2.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 2.9 95.84

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 96.02

11/03/08 ND 2.5 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 2.5 96.06

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for MW-3 is 100.04 feet.

MW-3 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009.

85.00

87.00

89.00

91.00

93.00

95.00

97.00

0

10

20

30

40

50

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 19: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 12. MW-4VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

12/10/01 ND 25.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 1.3 26 91.32

05/20/02 1.4 3.5 1.4 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 5 96.43

01/03/03 ND 10.3 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 10 96.70

03/18/04 1.5 3.0 ND<1.0 1.5 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 5 96.98

09/30/04 1.1 3.2 1.1 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 5 96.00

07/11/05 1 3.1 1 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 5 96.84

11/08/05 1 2.3 1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 5 96.49

01/24/07 ND 6.1 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 6.1 96.11

10/30/07 ND 6.3 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 6.3 96.57

06/24/08 ND 4.7 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 4.7 96.85

11/03/08 ND 5.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 5.0 96.35

12/08/10 ND 4.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 4.9 96.47

09/27/11 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 96.29

09/23/13 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 96.69

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-4 is 98.87 feet.

MW-4 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009 and re-instated in 2010.

78.00

82.00

86.00

90.00

94.00

98.00

0

10

20

30

40

50

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 20: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 13. MW-5VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

01/21/02 ND 420 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<5.0 420 92.61

05/20/02 50.1 450 50.1 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<4.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 500 96.27

01/03/03 ND 280 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<4.0 ND<4.0 ND<2.0 280 95.37

03/18/04 2.0 609 ND<1.0 2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 611 94.83

09/30/04 ND 712 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 712 95.69

07/11/05 55.6 612 55.6 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 668 95.71

11/08/05 ND 503 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<5.0 503 95.66

01/24/07 46.2 505 46.2 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 551 95.40

10/30/07 65.6 544 65.6 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 610 95.13

06/24/08 54.9 551 54.9 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 606 94.71

11/03/08 ND 550 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 550 94.22

06/09/09 ND 664 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 664 95.97

12/28/09 ND 660 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 660 95.64

06/17/10 ND 766 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 766 95.82

12/08/10 ND 532 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 532 95.72

09/27/11 ND 387 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 387 95.87

09/23/13 ND 473 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<20.0 ND<20.0 ND<20.0 473 95.37

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 ---

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for MW-5 is 99.62 feet.

87.00

89.00

91.00

93.00

95.00

97.00

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 21: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 14. MW-6VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

01/03/03 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.22

03/18/04 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.29

09/29/04 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.00

07/11/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.32

11/08/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.14

01/24/07 2.1 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 2.1 2.2 6.2 10.5 94.31

10/30/07 10.2 ND<10.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 ND<5.0 10.2 5.4 ND<10.0 15.6 94.10

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.25

11/03/08 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 94.59

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-6 is 98.45 feet.

NM-Not Measured

MW-6 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009.

90.00

91.00

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

0

4

8

12

16

20

09/01/02 01/14/04 05/28/05 10/10/06 02/22/08 07/06/09

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 22: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 15. MW-7VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

01/03/03 ND 21.8 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 22 95.70

03/18/04 14 157 7.5 1.5 ND<1.0 5.3 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 171 95.71

09/30/04 ND 94 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 94 95.41

07/11/05 ND 65.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 65 95.94

11/08/05 ND 18.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 19 95.62

01/24/07 1.1 52.2 1.1 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 53.3 95.48

10/30/07 ND 19.2 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 19.2 95.11

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.62

11/03/08 ND 2.2 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 2.2 95.61

06/09/09 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.50

12/28/09 ND 9.7 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 9.7 95.46

06/17/10 ND 7.6 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 7.6 95.06

12/08/10 7.5 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 1.7 ND<1.0 5.8 1.8 2.5 11.8 95.62

09/27/11 ND 7.7 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 7.7 95.45

09/23/13 ND 18.8 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 18.8 94.58

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 ---

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for MW-7 is 98.51 feet.

92.00

93.00

94.00

95.00

96.00

97.00

98.00

0

100

200

300

400

500

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 23: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 16. MW-8VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

01/03/03 3,920 2,190 107 734 58.8 3,020 539 30 6,679 95.70

03/18/04 3,606 1,700 35.4 799 21.8 2,750 233.4 14.2 5,554 95.85

09/30/04 3,077 493 46.8 335 94.8 2,600 618 74.2 4,262 95.67

07/11/05 1,194 79.8 ND<20.0 50.2 23.4 1,120 244.4 48.7 1,567 95.93

11/08/05 2,051 118 71.0 282 208 1,490 473 165 2,807 95.86

01/24/07 370 103 24.8 ND<20 47.1 298 276.9 43.9 794 95.58

10/30/07 105 518 83.6 ND<20.0 20.9 ND<40.0 47.2 ND<40.0 670 95.46

06/24/08 11.9 6.8 2.7 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 9.2 1.2 ND<2.0 19.9 95.87

11/03/08 8.4 8.6 1.3 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 7.1 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 17.0 95.66

06/09/09 148 35.5 10.5 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 137 84.7 6.1 274 95.70

12/28/09 19 49.3 10.3 ND<1.0 1.4 7.3 4.1 ND<2.0 72.4 95.46

06/17/10 149.2 41.7 64.8 37.1 13.6 33.7 50.8 2.5 244.2 95.50

12/08/10 12.9 3.3 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 12.9 5.4 ND<2.0 21.6 95.90

09/27/11 10.2 7.6 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 10.2 5.8 ND<2.0 23.6 95.68

09/23/13 ND 83.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 83.9 94.95

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for MW-8 is 99.50 feet.

94.00

94.40

94.80

95.20

95.60

96.00

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 24: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 17. MW-9VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

01/03/03 ND 1.4 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 1.4 95.68

03/18/04 1.0 5.6 ND<1.0 1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 6.6 95.79

09/30/04 ND 3.3 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 3.3 95.60

07/11/05 ND 12.8 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 12.8 95.85

11/08/05 ND 2.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 2.9 95.87

01/24/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.48

10/31/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 92.08

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.81

11/03/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.58

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-9 is 99.98 feet.

MW-9 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009.

87.00

89.00

91.00

93.00

95.00

97.00

0

10

20

30

40

50

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 25: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 18. MW-10VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

03/18/04 ND ND<20 ND<10 ND<10 ND<10 ND<20 ND<20 ND<10 ND 95.60

10/07/04 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<10 ND<10 ND<2.0 ND<20 ND<10 ND 90.17

07/11/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<10 ND<10 ND<2.0 ND<20 ND<10 ND 90.62

11/08/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<10 ND<10 ND<2.0 ND<20 ND<10 ND 90.68

01/24/07 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

10/30/07 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

06/24/08

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-10 is 99.07 feet.

NS - Not Sampled (could not be located)

Well Destroyed

86.00

88.00

90.00

92.00

94.00

96.00

0

2

4

6

8

10

01/03/03 07/02/03 12/29/03 06/26/04 12/24/04 06/22/05 12/19/05 06/17/06

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 26: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 19. MW-11VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

11/08/05 12 37.1 1.8 ND<1.0 3.4 6.6 5.0 1.4 55 95.82

01/24/07 36.2 43.3 8.9 ND<1.0 15.3 12.0 20.4 ND<2.0 100 95.50

10/30/07 ND 8.4 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 8 95.40

06/24/08 12.8 32.9 8.8 ND<1.0 1.5 2.5 2.6 ND<2.0 48 95.74

11/03/08 ND 17.5 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 18 95.57

06/09/09 ND 5.8 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 6 95.63

12/28/09 9.1 29.8 3.8 ND<1.0 5.3 ND<2.0 1.0 ND<2.0 40 95.44

06/17/10 89.2 109 65.7 6.3 8.2 9.0 5.8 ND/<2.0 204 95.37

12/08/10 98.0 6.4 22.9 35.1 1.7 38.3 12.7 4.9 122 95.78

09/27/11 5.0 12.2 2.6 ND<1.0 2.4 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 17 95.61

09/23/13 ND 6.2 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 6 94.92

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Shaded areas denote VGES exceedance.

Top of casing elevation for MW-10 is 99.07 feet.

86

88

90

92

94

96

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

Date

Benzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 27: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 20. MW-12VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

11/08/05 ND 2.5 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 3 95.84

01/24/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.59

10/30/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.57

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.86

11/03/08 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.66

12/08/10 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.89

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-10 is 99.07 feet.

MW-12 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009 and re-instated for 2010.

86.00

88.00

90.00

92.00

94.00

96.00

98.00

0

2

4

6

8

10

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

DateBenzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 28: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 21 MW-13VOC Concentrations

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

DateTotal

BTEXMTBE Benzene Toluene

Ethyl

benzeneXylenes

Trimethyl

Benzenes

Naph-

thalene

Total

VOCs

Ground-

Water

Elevation

11/08/05 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND 95.89

01/24/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.40

10/30/07 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.74

06/24/08 ND ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.94

11/03/08 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND 95.76

VGES --- 40 5 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --- ----

Notes: Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L)

ND- None detected at indicated detection limit.

All samples collected by ECS and analyzed by Endyne, Inc.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards

Top of casing elevation for MW-10 is 99.07 feet.

MW-13 was removed from the sampling plan in 2009.

86.00

88.00

90.00

92.00

94.00

96.00

0

2

4

6

8

10

Gro

und

Wat

erEl

evat

ion

(ft)

VOC

Con

cent

ratio

ns(µ

g/L)

DateBenzene Total BTEX MTBE Ground-Water Elevation

ECS Time.Series-VTA10134btx.xlsx

Page 29: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

TABLES

Page 30: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

TABLE 1GROUNDWATER ELEVATION DATA

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

Monitoring Date: September 23, 2013

Well I.D.Depth to

Water

GroundWater

Elevation(ft, TOC) (feet)

MW-1 100.00 5.33 94.67

MW-2 99.52 4.51 95.01

MW-3 100.04 5.20 94.84

MW-4 98.87 2.18 96.69

MW-5 99.62 4.25 95.37

MW-7 98.51 3.93 94.58

MW-8 99.50 4.55 94.95

MW-9 99.98 -- --

MW-11 99.37 4.45 94.92

MW-12 99.79 Dry --

MW-13 100.07 Dry --

EX-1 98.34 NM NM

EX-2 98.45 NM NM

EX-3 98.93 NM NM

EX-4 98.95 NM NM

Notes:

All values reported in feet relative to an arbitrary 100' datum.

ft = Feet

TOC = Top of Casing

NM = Not Measured

Shaded wells were destroyed during new concrete pad installation.

MW-9- Depth appears to be an error, therefore left out

Top ofCasing

Elevation

ECS VTA1-0134D

Page 31: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

TABLE 2SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

Monitoring Date:

September 23, 2013

SampleLocation Total BTEX MTBE Benzene Toluene Ethyl

benzene Xylenes Trimethylbenzenes

Naph-thalene

TotalVOCs

MW-1 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND

MW-2 46.9 451 29.9 ND<10.0 17.0 ND<20.0 15.4 ND<20.0 513

MW-4 ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND

MW-5 ND 473 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<10.0 ND<20.0 ND<20.0 ND<20.0 473

MW-7 ND 18.8 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 18.8

MW-8 ND 83.9 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 83.9

MW-11 ND 6.2 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 6

VGES -- 40 5.0 1,000 700 10,000 350 20 --

MW-2 46.9 451.0 29.9 ND<10.0 17.0 ND<20.0 15.4 ND<20.0 513

Duplicate MW-2 48.6 489 30.6 ND<10.0 18.0 ND<20.0 16.0 ND<20.0 554

% Difference -- 8 2 -- 6 -- 4 -- --

Equipment Blank ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND

Trip blank ND ND<2.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<1.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND

Notes:

Monitoring wells analyzed for VOCs using EPA Method 8021B

Results given in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

ND - None detected at indicated detection limit.

VGES - Vermont Groundwater Enforcement Standards.

Shaded concentrations exceed VGES.

MW-10 has been destroyed

EX-1, EX-2, EX-3, and EX-4 were destroyed during new concrete pad installation.

MTBE - methyl tert-butyl ether

BTEX - total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes

VOCs - volatile organic compounds

Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples by EPA Method 8021B

ECS Table.2-VTA10134VOC.xlsx

Page 32: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

TABLE 3SUMMARY OF NATURAL ATTENUATION PARAMETERS

Middlebury Mobil

Middlebury, Vermont

Monitoring Date: September 23, 2013

Well I.D. Temp.Specific

Conductance pH ORP / Eh DO Turbidity Comments(oC) (uS/cm) (mV) (mg/L) (NTU)

MW-1 19.2 1303 7.26 -93 0.86 0.49 Parameters stabilized

MW-2 17.70 5,002 7.02 -94.9 7.90 0.00 Parameters stabilized

MW-4 19.10 5488 7.16 -24.6 1.19 0.00 Parameters stabilized

MW-5 17.90 9,767 6.49 -108.2 0.31 0.60 Parameters stabilized

MW-7 21.30 5,096 7.15 -15.7 11.60 307.00 Intake reached

MW-8 18.40 3,454 6.82 -77.2 0.39 10.69 Intake reached

MW-11 20.10 1,942 7.05 -61.7 0.69 3.67 Parameters stabilized

Notes:

mg/L - milligrams per liter

uS/cm - microSiemens per centimeter

mV- milivolts

NTU - nephelometric turbidity units

MW-10 has been destroyed.

EX-1, EX-2, EX-3, and EX-4 were destroyed during new concrete pad installation.

ECS VTA1-0134D

Page 33: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

APPENDIX A LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORTS

Page 34: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Laboratory Report

Middlebury MobilPROJECT:

DATE RECEIVED:

WORK ORDER:

DATE REPORTED:

100488ECS-Waterbury

1 Elm Street

Suite 3

Waterbury, VT 05676SAMPLER:

October 02, 2013

1309-18908

JG/KW

September 23, 2013

Reviewed by:

Harry B. Locker, Ph.D.

Laboratory Director

Enclosed please find the results of the analyses performed for the samples referenced on the attached chain of custody. All required method quality control elements including instrument calibration were performed in accordance with method requirements and determined to be acceptable unless otherwise noted.

The column labeled Lab/Tech in the accompanying report denotes the laboratory facility where the testing was performed and the technician who conducted the assay. A "W" designates the Williston, VT lab under NELAC certification ELAP 11263; "R" designates the Lebanon, NH facility under certification NH 2037 and “N” the Plattsburgh, NY lab under certification ELAP 11892. “Sub” indicates the testing was performed by a subcontracted laboratory. The accreditation status of the subcontracted lab is referenced in the corresponding NELAC and Qual fields.

The NELAC column also denotes the accreditation status of each laboratory for each reported parameter. “A” indicates the referenced laboratory is NELAC accredited for the parameter reported. “N” indicates the laboratory is not accredited. “U” indicates that NELAC does not offer accreditation for that parameter in that specific matrix. Test results denoted with an “A” meet all National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program requirements except where denoted by pertinent data qualifiers. Test results are representative of the samples as they were received at the laboratory

Endyne, Inc. warrants, to the best of its knowledge and belief, the accuracy of the analytical

test results contained in this report, but makes no other warranty, expressed or implied, especially no warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

160 James Brown Dr., Williston, VT 05495

Ph 802-879-4333 Fax 802-879-7103 ELAP 11263

www.endynelabs.com

NH203756 Etna Road, Lebanon, NH 03766

Ph 603-678-4891 Fax 603-678-4893

Page 35: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Laboratory Report

ECS-Waterbury

Page 2 of 3

CLIENT:PROJECT: Middlebury Mobil

WORK ORDER:DATE RECEIVED:

1309-1890809/23/2013

10/2/2013REPORT DATE:

001 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: Trip Blank 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

< 2.0 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

94 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % 0 NUnidentified Peaks

002 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: Duplicate 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

489 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L 30.6 NBenzene ug/L

< 10.0 NToluene ug/L 18.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 20.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 10.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

16.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 20.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

93 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % >10 NUnidentified Peaks

003 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-7 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:12:05

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

18.8 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

93 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % 0 NUnidentified Peaks

004 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-1 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:11:48

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

< 2.0 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

97 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % 0 NUnidentified Peaks

005 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-2 9/30/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:11:11

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

451 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L 29.9 NBenzene ug/L

< 10.0 NToluene ug/L 17.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 20.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 10.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

15.4 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 20.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

88 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % >10 NUnidentified Peaks

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Laboratory Report

ECS-Waterbury

Page 3 of 3

CLIENT:PROJECT: Middlebury Mobil

WORK ORDER:DATE RECEIVED:

1309-1890809/23/2013

10/2/2013REPORT DATE:

006 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-5 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:10:53

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

473 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 10.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 10.0 NToluene ug/L < 10.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 20.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 10.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 10.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 20.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

97 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % 1 NUnidentified Peaks

007 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-8 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:11:58

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

83.9 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

103 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % >10 NUnidentified Peaks

008 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-4 9/30/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:13:00

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

< 2.0 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

94 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % 0 NUnidentified Peaks

009 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: MW-11 9/27/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:13:40

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

6.2 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

93 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % >10 NUnidentified Peaks

010 Date Sampled: 9/23/13Site: Equipment Blank 9/30/13 SJMWAnalysis Date:15:30

QualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

ParameterQualNelac

Result

UnitResult

Result

Parameter

TEST METHOD: EPA 8021B

< 2.0 NMethyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) ug/L < 1.0 NBenzene ug/L

< 1.0 NToluene ug/L < 1.0 NEthylbenzene ug/L

< 2.0 NXylenes, Total ug/L < 1.0 N1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ug/L

< 1.0 N1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ug/L < 2.0 NNaphthalene ug/L

92 NSurr. 1 (Bromobenzene) % 1 NUnidentified Peaks

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Page 38: TABLE OF CONTENTS€¦ · Fall 2013 Monitoring Report VTA1-0134D Middlebury Mobil, VT DEC site #2001-2936 December 2013 Middlebury, Vermont Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

APPENDIX B LOW FLOW SAMPLING FIELD FORMS

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