table 1. nrhp-listed historic districts in the ape. · 2018. 2. 23. · the ambassador, 39 e. 9th...

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Table 1. NRHP-Listed Historic Districts in the APE.

NRHP No. Name of Resource

Period of Significance/

Dates of Construction

Style and Type of Building or Structure

Date Listed/ Criteria

NR-0438 Herron-Morton Place

Historic District ca. 1880–1920

Residential,

Commercial: Queen

Anne, Classic Revival,

Tudor Revival,

American Foursquare

Listed 1983

(NR-0438),

Criteria A and C

NR-0157 and

NR-0716

Old Northside Historic

District ca. 1850–1941

Residential: Italianate,

Second Empire,

Queen Anne, Stick,

Colonial Revival

Listed 1978

(NR-0157) and

expanded 1984

(NR-0716),

Criteria A and C

NR-0926

Saint Joseph

Neighborhood Historic

District

ca. 1855–1930

Residential,

Commercial,

Industrial

Listed 1991

(NR-0926),

Criteria A and C

NR-0327 Chatham-Arch Historic

District 1865–1941

Residential,

Commercial,

Industrial

Listed 1980

(NR-0327),

Criteria A and C

NR-0525

Massachusetts Avenue

Commercial Historic

District

1865–1930 Commercial

Listed 1982

(NR-0525),

Criteria A and C

NR-0853 and

NR-2030

Lockerbie Square

Historic District 1855–1930

Predominantly

Residential

Listed 1973

(NR-2030) and

expanded 1987

(NR-0853),

Criteria A and C

NR-0355 Fletcher Place Historic


Predominantly

Residential

Listed 1982

(NR-0355),

Criteria A and C

NR-0965 Cottage Home Historic


Predominantly

Residential

Listed 1990

(NR-0965),

Criterion C

NR-0084 Arsenal Technical High

School Historic District Various

Listed 1976

(NR-0084),

Criteria A and C

NR-1711 Indianapolis Park and

Boulevard System 1873–1952 Beaux Arts

Listed 2003

(NR-1711),

Criteria A and C

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Table 2. Individually Listed NRHP Resources in the APE.

NRHP No. Name and Address of Resource

Date(s) of Construction



NR-2410

Indianapolis Public

Library Branch No. 6,

1801 Nowland Avenue

1912 Craftsman Listed 2016,

Criteria A and C

NR-0090 Prosser House,

1454 E. 10th Street 1885 Cross gable house

Listed 1975,

Criterion C

NR-0146 Bals-Wocher House,

951 N. Delaware Street 1870 Italianate

Listed 1979,

Criteria B and C

NR-0616.33 Wyndham,

1040 N. Delaware Street 1929

Tudor Revival

Apartment Building

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0203

Pierson-Griffiths House

(Kemper House),

1028 N. Delaware Street

1873 Italianate/Greek

Revival House

Listed 1978,

Criterion C

NR-0694

Calvin I. Fletcher House,

1031 N. Pennsylvania

Street

1895 Queen Anne House Listed 1984,

Criteria B and C

NR-0616.26

Pennsylvania Apartments,

919 N. Pennsylvania

Street

1906 Neoclassical Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0616.25 The Myrtle Fern,

221 E. 9th Street ca. 1925

Twentieth Century

Functional

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0616.23 The Shelton,


Twentieth Century

Functional

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0616.09 Cathcart Apartments,

103 E. 9th Street 1909 Craftsman

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0616.19

Lodge Apartments,

829 N. Pennsylvania

Street


Criteria A and C

NR-0616.27

Plaza Apartments,

902 N. Pennsylvania

Street


Criteria A and C

NR-0616.03 The Ambassador,

39 E. 9th Street 1923

Mediterranean

Revival/Sullivanesque

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0085

Central Library of

Indianapolis-Marion

County Public Library

1914–1917 Neoclassical Listed 1975,

Criterion C

NR-0616.08

The Burton,

821–823 N. Pennsylvania

Street

ca. 1920 Spanish Colonial

Revival

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0725

The Vera and The Olga,

1440–1446 N. Illinois

Street

1901 Twentieth Century

Functional

Listed 1984,

Criterion C

NR-0641 Independent Turnverein,

902 N. Meridian Street 1914

Prairie/Renaissance

Revival

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0332

Cole Motor Car

Company,

730 E. Washington Street

1904 The Commercial Style Listed 1983,

Criterion A

NR-2266 Gaseteria, Inc.,

1031 E. Washington St. ca. 1925 Art Moderne

Listed 2013,

Criteria B & C

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Table 2. Individually Listed NRHP Resources in the APE.





NR-1406

Manchester Apartments,


Street

1929 Tudor Revival Listed 1998,

Criterion C

NR-1373

Sheffield Inn,


Street


Criterion C

NR-0616.11 Delaware Court,


Tudor Revival

Apartment Building

Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0616.28

The Spink (Renaissance

Tower Historic Inn),

230 E. 9th Street

ca. 1922 Jacobethan Revival Listed 1983,

Criteria A and C

NR-0897

William Buschman

Block,

968–972 Fort Wayne

Avenue

ca. 1879 Italianate Commercial

Building

Listed 1988,

Criteria B and C

NR-2027 Morris-Butler House,

1204 N. Park Avenue 1864 Second Empire

Listed 1973,

Criterion C

NR-2043

John W. Schmidt House

(The Propylaeum),

1410 N. Delaware St.


Criteria A and C

NR-0695

Pearson Terrace,

928–940 N. Alabama

Street

1902 Jacobethan Revival Listed 1984,

Criterion C

Table 3. NRHP Determined Eligible Resource in the APE.


Date(s) of Construction Style(s) of Resource Date

Listed/Criteria

N/A

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Park,

17th Street to 21st Street

(S to N) and Park

Avenue to Broadway

Street (W to E)

1961 N/A

Determined

Eligible 2017,

Criteria A and B

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Table 4. IRHSS Resources in the APE.


Date(s) of Construction Style(s) of Resource Date

Listed/Criteria

NR-1560*

School #27 – Charity

Dye Elementary

School,

545 E. 17th Street

ca. 1882 Italianate Listed 2000,

Criteria A and C

NR-0422

Anheuser Busch

Saloon/Gally, Julius,

Wines & Cigars,

942 Fort Wayne

Avenue,

Saint Joseph

Neighborhood NRHP

District

ca. 1904 Neoclassical Listed 1980,

Criteria A and C

NR-0956

General Motors Buick

Showroom Building,

1302 N. Meridian

Street

1923 Neo-Classical Revival Listed 1989,

Criteria A and C

NR-0653*

Holy Cross/

Westminster Historic

District

1860–1943 Residential: Various

Styles

Listed 1984

Criteria A and C

*Properties listed in the IRHSS but not the NRHP are assigned NRHP numbers.

Table 5. National Historic Landmarks in the APE.


Date(s) of Construction Style Date

Listed/Criteria

NR-2066

Benjamin Harrison

Home/Presidential Site,

1230 N. Delaware Street

1874–1875 Italianate

NHL Listed

1964, NRHP

Listed 1966,

Criteria A, B,

and C

NR-2067

James Whitcomb Riley

House,

528 Lockerbie Street

1872 Italianate

NHL Listed

1962, NRHP

Listed 1966,

Criteria A and

B

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Table 6. Previously Recorded Bridges in the APE.

HB No. Name and Location of Resource


Style and Type of Building or Structure Status

HB-1071

Marion County Bridge

B-25-18-L,

Newman Street over

Pogue’s Run

ca. 1915 Plate Girder

Contributing,

Indianapolis

Park and

Boulevard

NRHP District

HB-2610


2517,

Commerce Avenue

over Pogue’s Run

1911 Filled Spandrel Arch

Contributing,

Indianapolis

Park and

Boulevard

NRHP District

HB-2591

Spades Place

Footbridge,

Spades Place path over

Pogue’s Run

1907 Filled Spandrel Arch

Contributing,

Indianapolis

Park and

Boulevard

NRHP District

N/A


No. 2520L, N. Oriental

Street over Pogue’s

Run

pre-1940 Continuous Reinforced

Concrete Slab

Recommended

Eligible,

Criterion C

HB-2611


2521,

E. North Street over

Pogue’s Run

1911 Concrete Slab Demolished

HB-2189


2511,

Dorman Street over

Pogue’s Run

1910 Concrete Slab Demolished

HB-2608


2510,

Michigan Street over

Pogue’s Run

1917 Concrete Beam Demolished

Table 7. Recommended NRHP Eligible Resources in the APE.

IHSSI # Name and Address of Resource

Date(s) of Construction Style Rating

098-296-01212 John Hope School No. 26,

1301 E. 16th Street 1921 Neoclassical N; Criterion C

098-296-01220

James E. Roberts School

No. 97,

1401 E. 10th Street

1936 Art Moderne/Art

Deco

Criteria A and

C

098-296-01309

and NR-1560

School #27–Charity Dye

Elementary School,

545 E. 17th Street

1882 Italianate

N and

IRHSS/Criteria

A and C

098-296-01378 Knights of Pythias,

941 N. Meridian Street 1925 Gothic Revival O; Criterion C

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Table 7. Recommended NRHP Eligible Resources in the APE.

IHSSI # Name and Address of Resource

Date(s) of Construction Style Rating

098-296-01421 Fame Laundry,

1352 N. Illinois Street 1929 Neoclassical N; Criterion C

098-296-01426

Stutz Motor Car Company,

1002–1008 N. Capital

Avenue

1914 Commercial Style O; Criteria A

and C

N/A

St. Rita’s Catholic Church

Parish Complex,

1733 Dr. Andrew J. Brown

Avenue

1959 Mid-Century

Modern

Criterion A and

Criteria

Consideration

A

Table 8. Recommended NRHP Eligible Historic Districts in the APE.


Date(s) of Construction Style Criteria

N/A

Saints Peter and Paul

Cathedral Parish Historic

District

1891-1927 Neoclassical, Italian

Renaissance Revival Criterion A

N/A Windsor Park

Neighborhood 1880 – 1920 Folk Victorian Criterion C

HISTORIC MAP ANALYSIS

As a major urban area, the portion of Indianapolis within and adjacent to the project area

has been thoroughly documented with historic map resources. As a sample, this HPR has included

the Sanborn Map Company’s Fire Insurance Maps for Indianapolis for the years 1914–1915 with

the project area overlain on the map (Sanborn Map Company 1914–1915). The map shows that

most of the project area was thoroughly urbanized at that time. In the north and west portions of

the project area, residential neighborhoods were continuous across what later became the route of

the interstate. Only in the northeastern end of the project area, east of Roosevelt

Avenue/Commerce Avenue, was there any significant area of vacant land. A railroad line along

the east side of the project area had drawn a large amount of industrial development to that corridor,

extending to and across the south end of the project area. The neighborhoods west and east of the

railroads were predominantly residential, with a significant commercial corridor along

Massachusetts Avenue.

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HISTORIC CONTEXT

In the mid-nineteenth century, transportation improvements were introduced to

Indianapolis, starting with mule-drawn streetcars. These early streetcar lines led to the growth of

Indianapolis in the 1850s and 1860s, when neighborhoods such as Fletcher Place and Lockerbie

Square developed (Hulse 1994). Most of the development occurred to the north, as floodplains and

the canal restricted development to the west. After 1864, the streetcars provided convenient and

relatively inexpensive transportation to and from neighborhoods physically separated from

downtown, resulting in the development of “streetcar suburbs,” including Woodruff Place (Hulse

1994). The interurban and streetcar lines made it possible for downtown workers to commute

beyond the limits of the walking city.

Indianapolis’s physical growth was fueled in part by immigration. Particularly after 1849,

German immigrants arrived in the city, moving to new neighborhoods developing just east of the

Mile Square, such as Lockerbie Square (Hulse 1994). Annexation also contributed to the city’s

expansion during this period, as Indianapolis annexed outlying suburbs. The vacant land between

the city and the annexed suburbs subsequently developed as residential districts so that by the end

of the 1800s, Indianapolis had grown to 27.21 square miles (Hulse 1994).

By 1920 the United States had become an “urban” country, as for the first time more

Americans lived in cities than in rural areas. The growth of cities was due in large part to the many

rural dwellers who moved to cities to take jobs in the numerous factories that were springing up.

Urban growth was also in part a result of an influx of immigrants from central and Eastern Europe,

who had been migrating to the U.S. in large numbers since the 1880s (Whitley 2008a). Indianapolis

was no exception to this trend; the city’s population tripled between 1890 and 1920, growing from

105,000 to 314,000 (Divita 1994b). The growth in population was fueled by economic growth

resulting from the completion of the Belt Line Railroad, which consolidated all of the railroads

serving Indianapolis. The Belt Line Railroad, which was built in the late nineteenth century as a

means to direct freight away from the Mile Square and to decrease noise, soot, and traffic

congestion in the central business district, also made it possible to reach outlying areas, thereby

opening them up to industrial and residential development (Divita 1994b).

Perhaps no invention has influenced American cities more dramatically than the

automobile. Although inventors had tinkered with steam- and electric-powered vehicles since at

least the eighteenth century, the first true automobile powered by a gasoline internal combustion

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engine was built in Germany by Karl Benz in 1885–1886. It was American businessman Henry

Ford who developed and manufactured cars that were affordable, easy to drive, and simple and

inexpensive to repair. The first Model T was introduced in 1908 and cost $825, which would be

about $21,000 today. The cost of a Model T steadily decreased until, by 1915, when the one

millionth Model T was produced, the cost of a car was $345, or just over $8,600 in 2017 dollars

(Whitley 2008b).

During the 1910s, the United States became the most highly industrialized country in

history; this was due in part to the phenomenal growth of the automobile industry. In 1895, there

were only 300 cars in the United States; 10 years later, this number had increased to 78,000. By

1910, there were nearly 500,000 cars in the U.S.; only four years later, this number had more than

tripled to 1.7 million (Whitley 2008b). The convenience and ready availability of automobiles in

turn led to the development of new Indianapolis neighborhoods in areas that had been made more

accessible.

In 1908, the city hired landscape architect and city planner George E. Kessler, who was

also a leader in the City Beautiful movement. Kessler designed a series of parks linked by wide

boulevards (Zeigler 1994). These new boulevards allowed Indianapolis’ more affluent citizens to

commute to and from exclusive enclaves that developed on the highlands overlooking White River

and Fall Creek (Hulse 1994).

Nationally, the prosperity of the 1920s gave way to the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Along with record high unemployment, Indianapolis also experienced a 90 percent decrease in the

construction industry in the early 1930s. In 1933, only 27 houses were built in Indianapolis

(Markisohn 1994). Other industries experienced similar declines. In the early 1940s, however, the

city’s industries increased production to meet wartime demands, and the construction of housing

resumed to provide housing for new workers. Between 1940 and 1942, more than 9,000 new

houses were built (Hulse 1994).

The end of World War II brought prosperity to the United States, and at last the pent-up

demand for housing could be met. Beginning in 1946, there was a boom in single-family residential

construction that coincided with increased suburbanization. Nationwide more than 13 million

houses were built between 1945 and 1954; a majority of these houses were built in the suburbs

(Pettis 2012). Suburban expansion in the mid-twentieth century was also fueled by the post-war

“Baby Boom,” the 19-year period from 1946 to 1964 when approximately 79 million babies were

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/

http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/ford.htm



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born to the returning G.I.s and their wives. This Baby Boom created a demand not only for new

homes, but for all manner of consumer products, including automobiles.

Returning veterans were able to take advantage of another major benefit of the G.I. Bill,

namely, insurance on home mortgages. This guarantee made it much easier for WWII veterans

and their brides to own a house. By 1946, almost 41 percent of houses built in the U.S. were built

with so-called VA mortgages (Pettis 2012). The VA program was administered by the Federal

Housing Administration, or FHA, which also had a program that provided privately financed

mortgages for both homes and housing development. The FHA favored new construction rather

than repair or renovation of existing houses and through its policies encouraged new suburban

development (Pettis 2012). These policies also resulted in racial segregation that restricted the

ability of African Americans, among other ethnic groups, to move to the developing suburbs (Pettis

2012). Indianapolis was no exception; during the 1950s, for example, nearly 52,000 new housing

units were built in the city, followed by an additional 45,000 units between 1960 and 1970 (Hulse

1994).

During this period, subdivisions developed around Indianapolis, including the areas north

and west of White River, along Allisonville Road and east to Fort Benjamin Harrison, along east

and west Washington Street about four miles from the city center, and along the major southern

arteries. Many of these subdivisions, which subdivided what had been farmland, contained modern

ranch houses. In 1954, the Army expanded its finance center at Fort Benjamin Harrison, which

resulted in an increased demand for nearby housing (Monroe 1994).

The growth of suburbs in the mid-twentieth century was enabled, in part, by the increase

of automobile ownership. While in 1940, 60 percent of Americans owned cars, by 1960 this

percentage had increased to 80 percent (Semuels 2016). The increase in the number of cars

traveling to and from the suburbs resulted in an increase in traffic on existing roadways. This

problem would be solved by the arrival of the interstate highway system.

Efforts to improve roadways in the U.S. began as early as 1916, when President Woodrow

Wilson signed the Federal-Aid Road Highway Act. However, when the United States entered

World War I in 1917, the effort to build highways suffered as resources, materials, and manpower

were diverted for military use (Blas 2010). President Franklin D. Roosevelt also attempted to

create legislation and funding for highway building as part of effort to create jobs, which resulted

in the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, completed in 1938 (Blas 2010). World War II

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interrupted Roosevelt’s efforts to create a national highway system. It was not until 1944 that the

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 authorized the construction of a 40,000-mile system of

highways connecting the cities in the United States, but the 1944 law did not provide for funding

(Pettis 2012). It was not until 1956, when the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 was signed into

law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, that the interstate system would start to become a reality.

In addition to authorizing the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways, the act

earmarked $26 billion to pay for the new roads. The law provided that the federal government

would pay 90 percent of the cost of construction the roadways, while the states paid the remaining

10 percent (Pettis 2012).

The development of interstate highways, called the “greatest public-works program in the

history of the world” (Morris 1956), dramatically transformed Indianapolis’s built environment in

the decades following World War II, as the improved infrastructure encouraged suburban

development farther from the central cores of American cities (Pettis 2012). Miles of paired, four-

lane, limited-access, elevated highways were built through Indianapolis, with seven spokes

radiating out from the city. The routes include I-65 north to Chicago and south to Louisville, I-74

northwest to Crawfordsville and southeast to Cincinnati, and I-70 west to Terre Haute and east to

Columbus. These roads are connected by I-465, the belt highway around Indianapolis built

between 1961 and 1970 (Gray 1994). Beginning in the early 1960s, the state began purchasing

structures in the path of the roadways, including single-family houses, apartment buildings, and

commercial buildings. Approximately 17,000 residents of Indianapolis were displaced for initial

highway construction, which also destroyed blocks of buildings, interrupted surface traffic flow,

and cut neighborhoods off from downtown and one another (Ryan 2013; Monroe 1994). The

African American community organized resistance against highway construction and the

expansion of the Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) campus, in an effort

to ensure adequate compensation for African Americans who were displaced by these projects

(Ripple 1975; Townsend 2016).

The outward growth of Indianapolis in the decades following World War II, coupled with

urban renewal projects, highway construction, and FHA loan policies that favored new, suburban

development, resulted in deterioration of the old city. Between 1950 and 1990 more than 155,000

people moved out of Center Township. Those who remained were low-income residents who had

few resources to maintain the city’s old houses and neighborhoods. Urban renewal projects,

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primarily the construction of the IUPUI campus and the I-65/I-70 inner loop beginning in the 1960s

and 1970s, contributed to the loss of population within the city center (Hulse 1994). As was the

case in many cities, displacement in Indianapolis for highway and university construction

disproportionately affected low-income and African American communities.

Nationally, the development of the interstate highway system, which often cut through city

neighborhoods, coupled with the impact of urban renewal in many cities, gave rise to a movement

to preserve historic buildings. A report coordinated by Lady Bird Johnson, wife of President

Lyndon Johnson, entitled With Heritage So Rich (National Trust for Historic Preservation 1983),

helped spur public awareness of and interest in preserving historic properties. This interest

culminated in the NHPA of 1966, which established the mechanisms by protect historic properties

from unnecessary harm caused by federal activities.

Following the enactment of the federal preservation law, local communities began to

develop local protections for historic properties. In Indianapolis, for example, the Indianapolis

Historic Preservation Commission was established in 1967 (www.indy.gov 2017). Since that time,

residents, civic leaders, and developers have actively promoted the city’s architectural heritage.

Initial efforts concentrated on preserving individual residences in Lockerbie Square, the Old

Northside, and along North Meridian Street (Monroe 1994), but efforts have expanded to establish

local historic districts which have architectural review guidelines to ensure compatible alterations

and new construction within historic districts. The availability of historic tax credits, beginning

the late 1970s, has encouraged rehabilitation of apartments, stores, and offices in these districts

(Monroe 1994). In addition, a group of downtown neighborhoods has organized as the Historic

Urban Neighborhoods of Indianapolis (HUNI). This three-pronged approach (NRHP listing, local

designation, and neighborhood organizing) has enabled the historic preservation movement to

become an important factor in the redevelopment of the city’s downtown. The restoration of older

houses in areas such as the Old Northside, Chatham-Arch, Cottage Home, Fletcher Place, and

Ransom Place has attracted new residents into Center Township.

METHODS

For this project, and through discussions with INDOT, the following property types within

the APE were surveyed: 1) properties that were previously rated Notable or Outstanding in the

IHSSI; 2) NRHP-listed districts and individual properties; 3) IRHSS-listed districts and individual

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properties; and 4) bridges. Tables included in Appendix B list all resources in the APE that were

previously recorded as Outstanding or Notable and all newly identified Outstanding and Notable

resources. Tables included in the text list the following resource types found in the APE: 1) NRHP-

Listed Historic Districts; 2) Individually Listed NRHP Resources; 3) IRHSS Resources; and 4)

Previously Recorded Bridges. Contributing properties that are located outside of a historic district

did not receive an individual NRHP-eligibility evaluation within the text of the HPR. Instead, these

properties were documented in a table, which includes photographs (Appendix C). The following

property types received NRHP Eligibility Evaluations and Recommendations prepared by a

qualified professional historian:

Historic Districts Listed in the NRHP and/or IRHSS

Individual Properties Listed in or Previously Determined Eligible for the NRHP2

Properties Recommended as Eligible for Inclusion in the NRHP

Properties that were considered to be potentially eligible for the NRHP but which were

ultimately recommended not eligible for the NRHP. As noted above, a few aboveground resources

that were considered to be potentially eligible but which were ultimately recommended as eligible

for inclusion in the NRHP were also evaluated. These resources have varying degrees of alterations

that have resulted in a loss of integrity.

The APE is the area in which the proposed project may cause alterations in the character

or use of historic resources. INDOT’s (2014) Indiana Cultural Resources Manual recommends a

0.25-mile buffer (which may be increased or decreased based on surrounding topography and built

environment) for a new bridge overpass or bridge replacement on raised elevation. For the I-65/I-

70 North Split Interchange Reconstruction Project, the proposed APE is approximately 0.25-mile

buffer from the proposed work along I-65 and I-70. Preliminary estimates indicate at least one

proposed bridge in the interchange may be approximately 48 feet higher than the existing bridge

height. The 48-foot height increase assumes there will be four bridge levels. Due to this possible

increase in bridge height, the APE surrounding the interchange is proposed to be increased to 0.5

2 This list of Individual Properties Listed in or Previously Determined Eligible does not include individually listed

properties that contribute to a listed historic district. In those cases, the historic district is considered the historic

resource, and any building located within the historic district (whether previously individually listed or not) is

protected under Section 106. Contributing properties in a historic district are any building, object, or structure that

adds to the historic or architectural qualities that make the historic district significant.

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mile (Figure 3). This is intended to be a worst case scenario and proposed bridge heights will likely

decrease as additional design information becomes available.

To ensure the 0.5-mile distance was appropriate, project team members, including a

qualified professional (QP) who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification

Standards as per 36 CFR Part 61, first visited a similar interchange at I-465 and I-74 on the east

side of Indianapolis. With its open terrain, the I-74/I-465 interchange example provided a good

contrast to understand how far viewsheds may extend absent urban development. As a result, by

using a comparative interchange in an open terrain, we could extrapolate a reasonable boundary

for the APE for the I-65/I-70 North Split Area. The built environment at I-74/I-465 is more open,

and is a combination of agricultural and suburban development. The team drove the surrounding

areas at intervals of 0.25 mile, 0.5 mile, and 1 mile, documenting the visibility of the I-465/I-74

interchange at each interval in different quadrants of the interchange for comparative purposes. At

approximately 1 mile, vegetation, buildings, or topography typically shielded the I-465/I-74

interchange bridge and it could not be seen. At 0.5 mile, if there were no buildings or vegetation

to block the view and the interchange bridge could be seen, it was not an overpowering feature of

the landscape. At 0.25 mile, the interstate bridge could be readily seen or seen between buildings

or vegetation.

The project team then visited the area surrounding the I-65/I-70 North Split interchange.

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) tower in the eastern portion of the I-65/I-70 North

Split interchange is approximately 15 feet higher than the top of a 13.5-foot tall truck on the tallest

proposed bridge. The project team used this ITS tower as a visual guide to investigate intervals of

0.25 mile and 0.5 mile to determine if it was visible from various locations along the east-west

axis along 16th, 17th, 19th, and 20th Streets. The intersection of 20th Street and Lewis Street is

approximately 0.5 mile from the existing interchange (Figure 3). Due to the density of

development surrounding the project area, the project team agreed the new bridge would not be

visible or only minimally visible at a distance of 0.5-mile.

Along the remainder of the project area (I-65/I-70 south to Washington Street, I-65 west to

Pennsylvania Street, and I-70 east to approximately the bridge over Lawrence Street/Roosevelt

Avenue), the APE started with a 0.25-mile buffer area in each direction. To confirm the APE in

this portion of the project area, project team members, including a QP, drove the proposed APE to

determine where the APE could be reduced due to restricted sight lines or increased due to view

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shed. As a result, the APE varies from 0.25 mile to 0.5 mile for the project area outside of the

North Split interchange.

Once the APE was determined, the aboveground resources within the APE were surveyed.

NRHP regulations establish a minimum age of 50 years for a building to be considered eligible for

the NRHP, except when Criteria Consideration G applies. The Criteria Considerations allow for

certain kinds of properties, such as religious properties, birthplaces or graves, and cemeteries,

which are not usually considered for NRHP listing to be considered if they meet special

requirements as outlined in the Criteria Considerations. Criteria Consideration G provides for

properties achieving significance within the last 50 years to be considered if the properties are of

exceptional importance. During the survey, Criteria Consideration G was taken into account and

the qualified professionals searched for any buildings, regardless of age, that possessed exceptional

significance, in addition to resources 50 years old or older. For the purpose of this survey properties

built by 1971 were examined in order to include all buildings that will be at least 50 years old at

the time of the anticipated contract issuance in 2021. All properties in the APE built by 1971 were

designated with a three-digit Architectural Location (AL) number, photographed, and their

location noted on maps. Streetscape and landscape photos around the APE were also taken to

provide context. MapIndy, the Indianapolis/Marion County GIS Website

(http://maps.indy.gov/MapIndy/index.html) was consulted when necessary to obtain information

about each property. This source provides approximate dates of construction, and this information

was used to confirm the approximate age of buildings and structures as estimated in the field. The

data are discussed below.

PROPERTY DESCRIPTIONS AND EVALUATIONS

ASC Group, Inc., completed the fieldwork for architectural resources on July 7 and 8 and

July 11–15, 2016, and August 29–31, 2017. Ten NRHP- and IRHSS-listed historic districts and

one IRHSS-listed historic district were visited to take streetscape photographs, confirm their

continued integrity, and photograph buildings individually listed in the NRHP or previously rated

Notable or Outstanding (Tables 9–19). Outside of the historic districts, 42 buildings or structures

individually listed in the NRHP, previously determined eligible for the NRHP, individually listed

in the IRHSS, or previously rated Notable or Outstanding were visited to take current photographs

and to evaluate their current integrity (Table 20). One property not previously recorded in the

http://maps.indy.gov/MapIndy/index.html

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Center Township, Marion County Interim Report (HLFI 1991) was identified that appears to

warrant a rating of Notable or Outstanding and has been evaluated in Table 21. Properties

identified as Contributing during the field survey are documented in a table in Appendix C.

All properties in the APE were evaluated using the NRHP Criteria for Evaluation. There

are four criteria for a property to be eligible for NRHP nomination. A property must meet one or

more criteria to be eligible. The four criteria are:

A. Properties that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the

broad patterns of our history;

B. Properties that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past;

C. Properties that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of

construction, or represent the work of a master, or possess high artistic values, or represent

a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction

(used to define historic districts); and

D. Properties that yield or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or

history. Criterion D rarely applies to standing buildings or structures.

Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by

religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their

original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature,

and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years shall not be considered

eligible for the NRHP. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts

that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories:

(a) A religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic

distinction or historical importance; or

(b) A building or structure removed from its original location but which is significant

primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly

associated with a historic person or event; or

(c) A birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no

appropriate site or building directly associated with his productive life.

(d) A cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of

transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from

association with historic events; or

(e) A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and

presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other

building or structure with the same association has survived; or

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(f) A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic

value has invested it with its own exceptional significance; or

(g) A property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional

importance.

The property must also contain a high degree of historic integrity as well as being

significant. Historic integrity is defined as the ability of a property to convey its architectural

significance. There are seven aspects that determine a property’s historic integrity: location,

design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Some of those aspects may be

more important than others depending on the resource, and a property does not need to convey all

seven aspects in order to be eligible for the NRHP, although it should convey most of the aspects

(Andrus 1995).

The project team took into account Section 110 of the NHPA in project planning. They

recognized that there are Special Requirements for protecting National Historic Landmarks and

that Section 110(f) of the NHPA requires: “Prior to the approval of any Federal undertaking which

may directly and adversely affect any National Historic Landmark, the head of the responsible

Federal agency shall, to the maximum extent possible, undertake such planning and actions as may

be necessary to minimize harm to such landmark, and shall afford the Advisory Council on Historic

Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on the undertaking.” Pursuant to 36 CFR §

800.10, Section 106 consultation involving National Historic Landmarks requires this special

consideration; therefore, historians used the “process set forth in §§ 800.6 through 800.7 and [gave]

special consideration to protecting [NHLs] as specified.”

NRHP ELIGIBILITY EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Historic Districts Listed in the NRHP and/or IRHSS

Herron-Morton Place Historic District

The Herron-Morton Place Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1983 under Criteria

A and C (Figure 4, Sheets 1 and 2; Table 9; Photos 11–13). The district is significant historically

for its association with some of the city’s most prominent business and political leaders and for its

association with the development of the city’s heritage in fine arts. It is also significant

architecturally for its outstanding collection of late nineteenth and early twentieth century

residential architecture. The APE encompasses the southeast corner of the historic district. The

Herron-Morton Place Historic District has been a local historic district since 1986, which has

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helped to protect its integrity since NRHP listing. Examination of the Herron-Morton Place

Historic District during fieldwork in 2017 found that the historic district remains intact and with a

high level of integrity. No change to its NRHP-listed status is recommended.

Photo 11. Herron-Morton Place Historic District, N. New Jersey Street north of E. 16th Street,

looking northeast.

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Photo 12. Herron-Morton Place Historic District, N. Central Avenue north of E. 16th Street,

looking northwest.

Photo 13. Herron-Morton Place Historic District, N. Central Avenue at E. 17th Street, looking

east.

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Old Northside Historic District

The Old Northside Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1978, with an amendment

in 1984 that increased its boundary, extended its period of significance, and added additional

contributing property types, under Criteria A and C (Figure 4, Sheets 1–3; Table 10; Photos 14–

17). The district is significant historically as the popular residential neighborhood for the city’s

leading citizens during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is significant

architecturally for containing important examples of residential and ecclesiastical architecture,

including the individually NRHP-listed Morris-Butler House. The APE encompasses all but the

northwest corner of the district. The Old Northside Historic District was designated as a local

historic district in 1985, which has helped to protect its integrity since NRHP listing. Examination

of the Old Northside Historic District during fieldwork in 2016–2017 found that the historic district

remains intact and with a high level of integrity. No change to its NRHP-listed status is

recommended.

Photo 14. Old Northside Historic District, N. Alabama Street, looking southwest.

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Photo 15. Old Northside Historic District, N. New Jersey Street, looking southeast.

Photo 16. Old Northside Historic District, Central Avenue, looking southwest.

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Photo 17. Old Northside Historic District, corner of N. Park Avenue and E. 15th Street,

looking northeast.

Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District

The Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1991 under

Criteria A and C (Figure 4, Sheets 1, 3, and 4; Table 11; Photos 18–21). The district is a significant

multi-use district whose component resources—including residential, commercial, and industrial

resources—reflect the city’s development during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The entire district is within the APE. The Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District was

designated a local historic district in 1991, which has helped to protect its integrity since NRHP

listing. Examination of the historic district during fieldwork in 2016–2017 found that the historic

district retains its integrity, and no change to its NRHP-listed status is recommended.

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Photo 18. Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District, N. Alabama Street at E. 11th Street,

looking south.

Photo 19. Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District, N. Alabama Street north of St. Joseph

Street, looking southwest.

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Photo 20. Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District, N. New Jersey Street at E. 10th Street,

looking south.

Photo 21. Saint Joseph Neighborhood Historic District, E. 10th Street at N. Alabama Street,

looking northwest.

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Chatham-Arch Historic District

The Chatham-Arch Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1980 under Criteria A and

C (Figure 4, Sheets 3 and 4; Table 12; Photos 22–24). The historic district is a mixed-use

neighborhood containing residential, commercial, and industrial resources. The historic district is

also significant for its association with the African-American community of Indianapolis; the

district contains the Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, which was an

important site for African-American religious and educational activities following the Civil War.

Most of the historic district is within the APE. The Chatham-Arch Historic District was designated

as a local historic district in 1982, which has helped to protect its integrity since NRHP listing.

Examination of the historic district during fieldwork in 2016–2017 found that the historic district

retains its integrity, and no change to its NRHP-listed status is recommended.

Photo 22. Chatham-Arch Historic District, N. College Avenue at E. 10th Street, looking

southwest.

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Photo 23. Chatham-Arch Historic District, N. East Street south of E. Walnut Street, looking

west.

Photo 24. Chatham-Arch Historic District, E. Walnut Street east of N. East Street, looking east.

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Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic District

The Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1982

under Criteria A and C (Figure 4, Sheet 4; Table 13; Photos 25–27). The district is significant as

an important secondary retail district and service center for the adjoining residential areas, in

addition to its architectural significance. The Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic District

overlaps the Chatham-Arch Historic District with some 22 buildings in common. The east half of

the district is within the APE. Examination of the Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic

District during fieldwork in 2016–2017 found that the historic district remains intact despite the

loss of a few buildings and the addition of modern infill buildings.3 Despite the new construction,

the historic district maintains a continuity of scale, materials, and commercial use. The historic

district retains its integrity, and no change to its NRHP-listed status is recommended.

Photo 25. Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic District, Massachusetts Avenue at N.

Davidson Street, looking southwest.

3 Massachusetts Avenue did not become a locally designated historic district until 2006, so design review guidelines

did not contribute to protecting the district’s integrity until relatively recently.

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Photo 26. Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic District, 719–725 Massachusetts

Avenue, looking southeast.

Photo 27. Massachusetts Avenue Commercial Historic District, Massachusetts Avenue at N.

East Street, looking northeast.

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Lockerbie Square Historic District

The Lockerbie Square Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1973, with an

amendment increasing the boundary in 1987 (Figure 4, Sheet 4; Table 14; Photos 28–30). The

district is significant under Criterion A for its association with James Whitcomb Riley, for its

association with German immigration to Indianapolis, and for its associations with religious,

educational, and commercial activities within the district. The district is significant under Criterion

C for the wide range of architectural styles that reflect the history of the neighborhood from before

the Civil War to the early twentieth century. Most of the historic district falls within the APE. The

integrity of the Lockerbie Square Historic District has been protected under city historic

preservation plans since 1968. Examination of the historic district during fieldwork in 2016–2017

found that the historic district retains its integrity, and no change to its NRHP-listed status is

recommended.

Photo 28. Lockerbie Square Historic District, N. Park Avenue at E. Vermont Street, looking

northeast.

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Photo 29. Lockerbie Square Historic District, E. Vermont Street at N. Park Avenue, looking

west-southwest.

Photo 30. Lockerbie Square Historic District, E. New York Street at N. College Avenue,

looking northwest.

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Fletcher Place Historic District

The Fletcher Place Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1982 under Criteria A and

C (Figure 4, Sheets 5 and 6; Table 15; Photos 31 and 32). The historic district is significant for its

collection of buildings from the early settlement of Indianapolis’ south side and contains what was

the most prestigious residential area of the early south side, as well as a collection of more modest

housing and a commercial corridor. The APE encompasses the northeastern corner of the historic

district. The Fletcher Place Historic District was designated as a local historic district in 1980

helping to protect its integrity. Examination of the historic district during fieldwork in 2016–2017

found that the historic district retains its integrity, and no change to its NRHP-listed status is

recommended.

Photo 31. Fletcher Place Historic District, Harrison Street at Concordia Street, looking east.

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Photo 32. Fletcher Place Historic District, Lord Street at Davidson Street, looking west.

Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District

The Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District was listed in the IRHSS in 1984 under

Criteria A and C (Figure 4, Sheets 5–7; Table 16; Photos 33–36). The district is significant as

Indianapolis’ largest intact residential inner-city neighborhood that reflects the German and Irish

immigrant populations’ participation in the growth of the capital city of Indianapolis and for its

extensive collection of architectural styles. The western half of the historic district falls within the

APE. Examination of the Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District during fieldwork in 2016–2017

found that the historic district remains substantially intact. Some demolitions have occurred

throughout the historic district, although predominantly in the southern portion, while infill

construction also is present, predominantly in the northern portion of the historic district.

Nevertheless, most of the infill construction is residential and keeping in scale with the existing

housing in the historic district. The Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District retains its integrity,

and no change to its IRHSS-listed status is recommended. Because the historic district is listed

only in the IRHSS, it is recommended that the historic district is eligible for inclusion in the NRHP.

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Photo 33. Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District, E. Market Street at N. Highland Avenue,

looking southwest.

Photo 34. Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District, N. Oriental Street at E. New York Street,

looking southwest.

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Photo 35. Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District, E. New York Street at N. Oriental Street,

looking northwest.

Photo 36. Holy Cross/Westminster Historic District, E. Ohio Street at N. Highland Avenue,

looking northwest.

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Cottage Home Historic District

The Cottage Home Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1990 under Criterion C

(Figure 4, Sheet 7; Table 17; Photos 37 and 38). The district is significant for exemplifying typical

workers’ cottages found in Indianapolis during the late nineteenth century, as well as for containing

a collection of five similar duplexes, a commercial building, and a Queen Anne-style house all

constructed for the same owner and designed by the leading Indianapolis architectural firm of

Vonnegut and Bohn. The entire historic district is located within the APE. Examination of the

Cottage Home Historic District during fieldwork in 2016–2017 found that the historic district

remains intact. No change to its NRHP-listed status is recommended.

Photo 37. Cottage Home Historic District, Dorman Street south of E. St. Clair Street, looking

southwest.

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Photo 38. Cottage Home Historic District, E. St. Clair Street at Dorman Street, looking

northeast.

Arsenal Technical High School Historic District

The Arsenal Technical High School Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 1976 under

Criteria A and C (Figure 4, Sheets 7 and 8; Table 18; Photos 39 and 40). The district is significant

for its association with Indiana’s military history, for its association with Indianapolis’ educational

history, and for its architectural significance. The APE encompasses the northern and western two-

thirds of the historic district. Examination of the Arsenal Technical High School Historic District

during fieldwork in 2017 found that the district remains substantially intact. Some modern

buildings have been added to the property, but no significant demolitions were noted. The Arsenal

Technical High School Historic District retains its integrity, and no change to its NRHP-listed

status is recommended.

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Photo 39. Arsenal Technical High School Historic District, cast iron fence along N. Oriental

Street, looking north-northeast.

Photo 40. Arsenal Technical High School Historic District, Old Shop Building (IHSSI # 098-

296-23007), looking south-southeast from N. Oriental Street.

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Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System Historic District

The Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System Historic District was listed in the NRHP in

2003 under Criteria A and C (Figure 4, Sheets 8 and 9; Table 19; Photos 41 and 42). The district

is significant for its association with an early twentieth century trend to regulate growth in cities

and as a work of George Edward Kessler, a master in landscape architecture. The APE includes

the western end of the Brookside Parkway, a contributing component of the historic district.

Examination of Brookside Parkway and its component features, including Spades Park, during

fieldwork in 2017 found that this portion of the historic district remains substantially intact.

Brookside Parkway retains its integrity and is recommended to remain a contributing portion of

the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System Historic District.

Photo 41. Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System Historic District, Pogue’s Run from

Commerce Avenue Bridge, looking northeast.

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Photo 42. Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System Historic District, Spades Place, looking

east-southeast from E. Brookside Avenue.

Scattered Sites (Properties Outside Historic Districts)

Forty-two resources were examined during the field survey to document their current level

of integrity (Figure 4, Sheets 1–10; Table 20). These properties were either a) individually listed

in or determined eligible for inclusion in the NRHP; b) listed in the IRHSS; or c) rated Notable or

Outstanding in the Center Township, Marion County Interim Report (HLFI 1991). Five of the 42

resources were found to have been demolished. Seven of the 42 resources have a diminished level

of integrity, generally due to alterations. The remaining resources retain a sufficient level of

integrity to retain their current listed or rated status, and are discussed below. One resource not

previously recorded in the IHSSI was identified in the APE that is being recommended as eligible

for inclusion in the NRHP and is evaluated below. In addition, a few representative properties that

are not being recommended as eligible for inclusion in the NRHP also are evaluated below.

table 1. nrhp-listed historic districts in the ape. · 2018. 2. 23. · the ambassador, 39 e. 9th...

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