ta & te form

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SECTION 1:

VERBS: ta form & te form

2A

A NOUN

A

A

SECTION 2:

VERBS: dictionary form & MASU form

10A NOUN

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This is how you express experiencein Japanese, i.e. Have you ever? or

Have you been.

Nihon ni

itta koto ga arimasu ka

?

Have you ever beento Japan?

Hai, itta koto ga arimasu

Yes,I have been.

Sushi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu.

I have eatensushi before.

Nihon no eiga wo mita koto ga naidesu.

I have

nt

seen a Japanese movie before.

Zannen nagara, nihonjin ni atta koto ga nain desu.

Its a shame but, havent meta Japanese person before.

1. Verb

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Translate the following into English:

Write the following in Japanese:

1. I havent been to Japan before.

2. I have eaten Japanese food before at a restaurant.

3. I have never met a Japanese person.

4. I have read Japanese comics before.

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This is how you expressadvice

in Japanese, i.e. You should do or Its

best to, etc.The tone of your speech here is helpful and supportive andnot authoritarian.

Mainichi, benkyou shita hou ga iidesu.

You shouldstudy every day.

Airurando wa samui node, atatakai se-ta- wo mottekita hou ga iito omoimasu.

As Ireland is cold, I think its best you broughta warm jumper.

This is how you express negative advicein Japanese. This advice can be

the advice we may give ourselves in conversation when thinking out loud,

i.e. I know I shouldnt really say this but...

Karada ni yokunai tabemono wo tabenai hou ga iidesu.

You shouldnt eatfood which is bad for your health.

2

Saifu no naka ni takusan okane wo motanai hou ga iito omoimasu.

I think its best you dont carrya lot of money in your wallet.

2. Verb

2a. Verb

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1.


You should bring a warm sweater.

2. I think you dontcarry lots of money with you.

3. You shouldnt drink before youre 18.

4. As its raining, you should bring an umbrella.

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This is how you express a sample group ofactions

without listing them all.

It is the verb equivalentof the particle yanado which is used only forlists of nouns.

Shuumatsu ni taitei tomodachi to asondari shimasu.

At the weekend I usually hang out with my friends

(and similar other activities).

2

Nihongo no jyugyou de kanji wo kaitari, bunpou wo narattari shimasu.

In Japanese class we write kanji, learn grammar and so on.

3

Shotengai de uindo-shoppingu wo shitari, ocha wo nondarisuruno ga suki desu.

At the shopping mall I love to do stuff like window shopping and

drinking tea.

3. Verb

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1.

3

4


At the weekend I hang with my mates, go shopping etc.

2. In Japanese class we write kanji, learn grammar and so on.

3. In the evening I like to watch TV and so on.

4. When Im on holidays I like to relax etc.

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By placing the word to, (meaning after) after the ta formof a verb we

can express the phrase after doing action A I do action B. Further, the

second action is not necessarily done straight away after the first action.

Bangohan wo tabeta ato, shukudai wo shimasu.

After eatingmy dinner, I do my homework.

Koukou wo sotsugyou shita ato nidaigaku ni hairimashita.

After graduatingfrom high-school I went to university.

Nihon no gakkou dewa benkyou ga owatta ato, bukatsu wo suru sou desu.

Ive heard that in Japanese schools, after study is over

, they do

sports-club activities.

Similar to it's use with the ta form of a verb, ato can also be used after

nounsto the same effect.

Bangohan no ato, shukudai wo shimasu.

After dinnerI do my homework.

2

Kono ato, tomodachi ni denwa shimasu.

Ill ring my friendafter this.

4. Verb

4a. Noun

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1.

3

4


After eating breakfast I go to school.

2. After I graduate from high-school I want to go to university.

3. After this Im going to have a shower.

4. After New Years the Japanese celebrate Setsubun.

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The verb in its Form is how we express a polite request, i.e. please do

action A. It is often followed by or in formal

requests.

Onaka ga suiteimasu ka. Douzo tabete kudasai.

Are you hungry?Please, eat.

2

Mina, urusai desu yo! Shizuka ni shite kudasai.

You are all too noisy!Please, keep quiet

5. Verb

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This is how we say, 'you may'or, ask the question, May I,in Japanese,

i.e. asking for and giving permission for a given action. It can also be

used to mean allowed to or with the negative te form of a verb ()

to mean one is not required toor doesnt h ve to do an action.

Sumimasen. Mado wo akete mo ii desu ka

Hai, ii desu yo

Excuse me,may I open

a window?

Yes, thats fine.

Sensei: Ashita shaken desu node, hayaku

kaette mo ii desuyo

Seito: Yatta!

Teacher: As there is a test tomorrowyou may

allgo home

early.

Students: Fantastic!

Shitsurei desu ga, otoshi wo kite mo yoroshii deshou ka.

I terribly sorry but, may I askhow old you are?

Airurando no gakkou dewa, joshi ga zubon wo haite mo ii desu.

In Irish schools girls are allowed towear trousers.

Nihon no koukou dewa airurando go wo benkyou shinakutemo ii desu.

In Japanese high-schools you dont h ve to studyIrish.

6. Verb

miidesuk

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1.

3

4


Excuse me, may I borrow your pen?

2. In Irish schools you dont have to do sports club activities.

3. Is it okay if I go tomorrow?

4. In Japanese schools students are allowed to enter the staffroom.

Enter the staffroom =

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This is how we say, 'you may not'or, You are not allowedto do an

action in Japanese. A more direct refusal is to say which

has a more assertive or definitive tone.

Sumimasen. Koko de tabako wo suttee mo ii desu ka?

Warui desu ga,koko de suttee wa ikemasen

Excuse me, may I smoke here?

Im sorry but smoking is not allowedhere.

2

Koukousei toshite osake wo

nonde wa damedesu.

As high school students you should not be drinking alcohol.

6a. Verb

miidesuk

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This is how we say after doing an action in Japanese. It is very similar to

grammar point No. 4 () but unlike this structure the implication of

is that the section action follows very soon after the first whereas

in grammar point no 4, the following action is not necessarily directly

after the first action.

Tabete karashokki wo araimasu.

After Ive eaten, I wash the dishes.

2

Gakkou karakaette kara sugu shukudai wo shimasu.

Straight after I get home from school I do my homework.


1.

3

4

7. Verb

miidesuk

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After I get home from school I do my homework.

2. After doing my homework I head straight out with my friends.

3. After you learn hiragana you then learn katakana.

4. Straight after I wake up, I always turn on my radio.

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This is how we describe a sequence of activitiesin Japanese, i.e. I get up,

get dressed and go to school. The te form of the verb here is not a polite

request but rather is translated as Andor And then. As a general rule

use no more than 3 verbs in the sequence.

Mai asa shichiji niokite seifuku wokite gakkou eikimasu.

Every morning I get up at 7, put on my uniform and thengo to

school.

2

Kinou bangohan wo tabetekara ani to shokki wo araimashita.

Yesterday straight afterdinner I washed up with my older brother.

NOTE: When the te form of an adjective is placed beside another

adjective this does not mean a sequence but rather that a noun has a

simultaneous descriptive quality.

3 (i adjective)Ano ko wa chiisakute, kawaii desu.

That child is small andadorable.

4 (na adjective)Su-pa- wa benri de yasui desu.

The supermarket is convenient and value for money.

8. Verb

miidesuk

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1.

3

4


The Japanese are kind and generous.

2. Everyday I wake at 7:30, wash and then go to school.

3. After I get home I do my homework and then watch T.V.

4. The weather in Japan is hot and sunny.

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The Form of a verb followed by Means ingin English.

In this sense it describes an action being done at the moment you

describe it, i.e. I am eating. In Japanese it also describes a continuous

state of being

. The four verbs to watch here in this regard are: sumu

(to live) shiru(to know) hataraku(to work) benkyou

suru(to study).

Watashi wa daburin in sundeimasu.

I livein Dublin. (Lit. I am living in Dublin)

2

Watashi wa ni nen kan nihongo wo benkyou shiteiru.

I have been studyingJapanese for 2 years.

(Lit. I am studying Japanese for 2 years and continue to do so)

Tanaka san wo shitteimasuka

Hai, yokushitteimasuyo

Do you knowTanaka san?Yes,

I know

him well.

NOTE: The negative of

is

Chichi wa nihon no kaisha de hataraiteimasu.

My dadworks

for a Japanese company.

Nani wo shiteimasuka.

What are you doing?

9. Verb

miidesuk

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1.

3

4


The Japanese are kind and generous.

2. Everyday I wake at 7:30, wash and then go to school.

3. After I get home I do my homework and then watch T.V.

4. The weather in Japan is hot and sunny.

ta & te form

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