Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 1

tTNO Building and Construction Research

The “Space” experienced?

Living space (apartment buildings, Living space (apartment buildings, private homes)private homes)

Working space (office buildings, Working space (office buildings, industrial working places)industrial working places)

Recreation space (gyms, swimming Recreation space (gyms, swimming pools)pools)

Public space (hotels, stations, schools, Public space (hotels, stations, schools, theatres)theatres)

Transport (land: cars, busses, trains, Transport (land: cars, busses, trains, trams; and air: aeroplanes, satellites)trams; and air: aeroplanes, satellites)

SPACESSPACES

EXPERIENCEDEXPERIENCEDHealth & comfort

Safety

Sustainability Energy use

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Health, comfort and safety

• Feeling of safety emerging issue• Health and comfort of occupants is far from ideal

Related to(?):• Indoor Environment quality• Increase of the ageing population • Increasing individualisation

We do know:• Domestic: increase in asthma and allergies• Workplace: losses in work productivity

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Direct financial impact to business (Fisk)

Buildings in Europe-15 Savings

Billion Euro/year

Reduced allergies and asthma 3-6

Reduced sick building syndrome

symptoms

15-45

Increased productivity (worker

performance)

30-240

Adequate design: preventing

repair of damages

10-20

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Energy use and sustainability

• Policies towards enhanced sustainability• Industrial shift from a product towards

performance based approach • High potentialities for energy savings

• Much research and many actions: still more

use of energy is foreseen

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Energy use and CO2 emissions in Europe.

 

2000 Projected

2010

Energy

use [Mtoe]

CO2 emission

[1010 kg]

Energy use

[Mtoe]

Europe-30 1250 250 1750

Buildings

Extra caused by

inadequate design

500

Up to 20%

100

20

700

140

Transport 400 80 560

Europe-15 1000 200 1340

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Contradiction or optimisation - European (global) targets• To reduce the demand for energy by 18% by the year 2010,

to contribute to meeting the EU’s commitments to combat climate change and to improve the security of energy supply

• Health targets specified by the WHO Europe: • “By the year 2015, people in the Region should live in a safer physical

environment, with exposure to contaminants hazardous to health at levels not exceeding internationally agreed standard.” (European Health21 target 10) and

• “By the year 2015, people in the Region should have greater opportunities to live in healthy physical and social environments at home, at school, at the workplace and in the local community.” (European Health31 target 13)

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Reasons/causes for failure?

• Different incentives or motives of stakeholders • Lack or miscommunication between different

stakeholders• Gaps in knowledge for example Performance criteria

for healthy buildings• Incomplete or non-existing regulation for indoor

environment quality • Existing regulations for other issues can be in

contradiction: for example possible effects of energy regulations on indoor environment quality

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Objective• To realise sustainable low-energy spaces, in which

the People of Europe live, work or move in, under healthy, comfortable and safe conditions

• Without a coherent and integrated / disciplinary approach, the target of an eco-friendly, sustainable and minimal energy environment on the one hand and the ambition of a healthy, comfortable and safe space on the other appear to be conflicting and contra productive

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Performance Concept

“Ends rather than means”

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What is needed?

A conceptual model for integrated approach of health,

comfort, safety, sustainability and energy, understandable

to all stakeholders, with which one can:• A. qualify and/or quantify the perception of the People of Europe with

respect to health, comfort and safety feelings influenced by different

behaviour;• B. assess exposure levels and means to control exposure to unhealthy,

uncomfortable, unsafe conditions for the People of Europe;• C. design and build environments that are perceived as healthy,

comfortable and safe by the People of Europe and are sustainable and

low in energy use at the same time;• D. produce and maintain healthy, comfortable, safe and sustainable

low-energy products for enclosed spaces.

Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 13

First questions

• What are the performance indicators that

describe the comfort, health and safety

conditions/perceptions of the People of

Europe from their perspective, and • What are the performance indicators that

describe the sustainability and energy use of

enclosed spaces in which people live, work

and move in?

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International Status• HOPE: Health Optimisation Protocol for Energy-efficient

Buildings: Pre-normative and socio-economic research to create healthy and energy-efficient buildings

– R&D project (Energie program)

– 3 years: start 1 January 2002

• PeBBu: Performance Based Building

– thematic network (Growth program)

– 4 years: start 1 September 2001

• EOI ECOSPACE

HOPEHOPE Health Optimisation Protocol for Energy-Health Optimisation Protocol for Energy-efficient Buildingsefficient Buildings

Pre-normative and socio-economic research to create Pre-normative and socio-economic research to create healthy and energy-efficient buildingshealthy and energy-efficient buildings

TNO Building and Construction Research (NL)TNO Building and Construction Research (NL)Weerdenburg Huisvesting Consultants (NL)Weerdenburg Huisvesting Consultants (NL)Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (NL)Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (NL)University of Porto (P)University of Porto (P)Danish Building and Urban Research (DK)Danish Building and Urban Research (DK)Technical University of Berlin (D)Technical University of Berlin (D)Helsinki University of Technology (FIN)Helsinki University of Technology (FIN)Technical Research Centre of Finland (FIN)Technical Research Centre of Finland (FIN)University of Milano (I)University of Milano (I)BRE (UK)BRE (UK)Charles University of Prague (CZ)Charles University of Prague (CZ)Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (CH)Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (CH)E4Tech Bauen & Foradini (CH)E4Tech Bauen & Foradini (CH)Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CH)Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CH)

Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 16

Questions• What is a healthy Building and what is energy-

efficient building?• What is an energy-efficient healthy building?• Are buildings with energy saving measures energy-

efficient?• What is the health status of occupants in buildings

with energy saving measures as compared to buildings without energy saving measures?

• How can we assure that buildings are healthy and energy-efficient at the same time?

HOPEHOPE

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Results• A set of qualitative (prescriptive) and quantitative

(measurable) performance criteria for healthy and energy-efficient buildings for Europe

• A protocol for testing performance criteria for healthy and energy-efficient buildings

• To check performance criteria in existing buildings by:

• a multi-disciplinary study in 180 office and multi-apartment buildings of which 75% are designed to be energy-efficient

• a detailed investigation on at least 32 of the above buildings

HOPEHOPE

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Results• A database of the health and energy efficiency status

of 180 buildings, with information on:• energy consumption and energy efficiency• comfort and health status of the occupants

• A protocol for improving a building that is unhealthy and/or not energy-efficient

• A public web-site with:– Progress and results of project– Possibility for non-participants to add data on their own buildings

into the database and characterise how healthy and energy-efficient their own building is as compared to the investigated buildings

HOPEHOPE

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Main contractors• CIB: International Council for Research and

Innovation in Building and Construction (NL)• Belgian Building Research Institute (B)• Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (F)• TNO Building and Construction Research (NL)• EGM Architects (NL)• Technical research Centre of Finland (FIN)• University of Manchester (UK)• University of Salford (UK)• Building Research Establishment (UK)

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ObjectivesStimulation and pro-active facilitation of international

dissemination and implementation of Performance Based Building in building and construction practice, and maximization of the contribution to this by the international R&D community, through:• stimulation and facilitation of the international programming

and coordination of research and implementation projects • Stimulation of actual investments in such research and

implementation projects• Providing the EU Network members with an optimal access to

knowledge and experience as available in non-EU countries • Coordinated dissemination and implementation of international

research in the area of Performance Based Building

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Structure

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Domains• BUILDING TECHNIQUE:

– Construction Materials and components– Indoor Environment

• BUILDINGS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: – Design of Buildings– Built Environment

• BUILDING PROCESS:– Organisation and Management– Legal and Procurement Practices

• BUILDING INDUSTRY:– Regulation– Innovation– Information and Documentation

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EOI for IP ECOSPACE

• Title: Healthy, comfortable, safe and sustainable, low-

energy “space” for the people of Europe• Objective: To realise sustainable low-energy spaces,

in which the People of Europe live, work or move in,

under healthy, comfortable and safe conditions.• Includes 7 tasks, 4 domains and 5 “spaces”, creating

a three-dimensional framework that provides a

systematic basis for outlining, linking, integrating and

managing multiple sub-projects.

Health & comfortSafety

Sustainability Energy use

Behavior

Perception

Exposure

Control

Mainteance

Production

Construction

Design

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Tasks foreseen

• Stage RTD• Task 1 Conceptual modelling: What are the performance

indicators that describe the comfort, health and safety

conditions/perceptions of the People of Europe from their

perspective, and what are the performance indicators that

describe the sustainability and energy use of enclosed spaces in

which people live, work and move in?

• Task 2 Gaps and RTD: What are the gaps in knowledge?

• Task 3 Fundamentals – Innovation: Which fundamental

research/innovations are needed to bridge the gaps?

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Tasks foreseen

• Stage Demonstration• Task 4 Prototyping: Which prototype(s) will be developed?

• Stage Dissemination• Task 5 Standardization: Which European standards/guidelines

are lacking to be able to design, build and maintain healthy,

comfortable, safe and sustainable low-energy enclosed spaces in

which people live, work and move in?

• Task 6 Education and training: Which type of dissemination/

education is needed or most effective to transfer the acquired

knowledge, products and tools to the stakeholders addressed?

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Task 7 Management

• Task leaders: responsible for the financial and organizational management of a specific task

• Domain leaders: responsible for the scientific contents of a specific domain that run in each task

• Overall Management: responsible for the overall management of the integrated project, divided into: Scientific-organizational management and Financial-organizational management

• Steering committee: comprising of industrial partners from each space

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Timing and budget

• At least 5 years• 30-50 million Euro• Cyclic approach for identification of gaps, RTD

required and identification of prototypes to be

developed.• Continuous activities: standardization and

dissemination

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82 organisations expressed their interest• Belgium: Foundation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise (J. Nicolas); BBRI (P. Wouters); Catholic University of Leuven (H.

Hens); Catholic University of Louvain (A. de Herde); Czech Republic: Charles University of Prague (I. Holcatova); Czech Technical University of Prague (F. Drkal); Denmark: Danish Building and Urban Research (H.Knudsen); Technology Institute Energy (S.O. Jensen); Technical University of Denmark (G. Clausen); Estonia: Tallinn Technical University (L.Sasi); Finland: Helsinki Technical university (O. Seppänen); VTT (K. Saarela); Halton Oy (K. Hagstrom); ACE (V. Peltonen); City of Helsinki; Fläkt Woods Group; Granlund Consulting; France: EDF (D. Valery); CSTB (S. Kirchner); University of Rochelle (P.blondeau); Gaz de France (I.Palero-Perray); INSA Toulouse (B.Perrin); Germany: Technical University of Berlin (B. Müller); University of Jena (W. Bischof); Fraunhofer Institute (E. Mayer); University of Nuernberg (P.Pluschke); Dresden University (J. Grünewald); Calsitherm GmbH (W. Hüttner); Hungaria: EMI, Budapest (Z. Gereben); Greece: National Observatory Athens (C. Balaras); Aristotle University (K. Paioaannou); Terranova (A. Lagoudi); Israel: Technion Haifa (R. Becker); Italy: University of Milano (M. Maroni); KITE (I. Meroni); Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro (P. Polato); Lithuania: JSC Eksergija (V. Martinaitis); Kaunas University of Technology (B. Cernius); IAC, Kaunas (O.Samajaunkas); Norway: NTH Trontheim (J. Thue) ; Poland: Silesian University of Technology (Z. Popiolek); TU Lodz (D. Gawin); Polish Academy of Sciences (H. Sobczuk); Portugal: University of Porto (E. de Oliveira Fernandes); Scotland: University of Strathclyde (J.A. Clark); University of Edinburgh (C. Hall); Scottish Energy Systems Group (SESG); Slovenia: ZRMK (M. Sijanec Zavrl); University of Bratislava (P. Matiasovski); Slowakia: Technical University of Slowakia (Dusan Petras); Spain: AICIA (J. Molina); Cartif (P. Cabellero); University of Madrid (A.J. Garriga Trillo); Sweden: JW (J. Kronvall); SP (Björn Lundgren); FORMAS (N. Dawidowicz); Chalmers University (C.-E Hagentoft); Lund University (A. Elmroth); Switzerland: EPFL (C.-A. Roulet); Vaudois Uni. Hospital Centre (F. Spertini); E4 Tech (F. Foradini); EMPA (V. Dorer); Enecolo (P. Toggweiler); The Netherlands: TNO (P. Bluyssen); TU/e (P. Rutten); CIB (J. Bramwell); VROM (P. van Luijk); WHC (M. Weerdenburg); ISSO (A. Boerstra); UK: BRE (G. Raw); Martin Centre - University of Cambridge (K. Steemers); Cambridge Architectural Limited (H. Mulligan); BDSP Partnership ltd. (N. Campbell); University College Dublin (O. Lewis); Oxford Brookes University (M. Hutchins); General: INIVI EEIG (P. Wouters); REVHA (O. Seppänen); Eurovent (European Manufacturers of Air Handling equipment); Eurofuel (Oil Heating association); European Property Federation (Association of European Building owners), Rockwool Benelux (C. Hamans).