T LongvahNational Institute of Nutrition

Jamai Osmania POHyderabad – 500 007

CountryAfghanistan

Bangladesh Bhutan

India Maldives

Nepal Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Total Cropland (000 ha), 1999 8,054 8,440 160

169,700 3 2,968 21,880 1,900

Hectares of Cropland per 1,000 population, 1999

380 63 79 171 11 132 159 101

Arable & permanent cropland as a % of total land area, 1998

12.4% 57.9% 3.4% 51.6% 10.0%

20.2% 27.6% 28.8%

Percent of cropland that is irrigated, 1999

29.6% 47.2% 25.0% 34.8% X 38.2% 82.0% 34.8%

Country Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India Maldives

Nepal Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Food Security

Average daily per capita calorie supply, 1999 (Kilocalories)

1,755 2,201 X 2,417 2,298 2,264 2,462 2,411

Average daily per capita calories from Animal products, 1999 (Kilocalories)

373 67 X 192 441 160 429 150

Percent of Children that are under weight, 1995-2000 {c}

48.0% 48.0% 19.0% 47.0% 43.0% 47.0% 38.0% 33.0%

Demographic and Health Indicators

Afghanista

n

Bangladesh

Bhutan

IndiaMaldive

sNepal Pakista

n

Sri Lank

a2002 23,29

4143,36

42,19

81,041,14

4309 24,153 148,721 19,28

7Population Density (people per square km), 2000:

33.4 954.4 44.4306.9 970.

0 156.6 177.4288.4

% of PopulationUnder age 15, 2002 43% 38% 42% 33% 43% 41% 41% 25%Over age 65, 2002 3% 3% 4% 5% 3% 4% 4% 6%Living in Urban Areas,

22% 25% 7% 28% 26% 12% 37% 24%

Infant Mortality Rate {b}, 2000-2005

161 67 54 65 37 71 87 20

Under-Five Mortality Rate {b}, 2000

257 82 100 96 80 100 110 19

Life Expectancy Female 43.5 60.8 64.5 64.9 67.0 59.6 60.9 75.9

Food group Nutritive value of Indian Foods

Published reports

Reference

Common Uncommon Uncommon

Cereals and millets 12 14 8 8, 24, 26, 35, 42

Pulses and legumes 11 3 10 40, 64

Leafy vegetables 58 77 141 1 - 9Other vegetables 48 18 15 6, 8, 24, 31, 32,

46, 59Roots and tubers 18 16 45 1 – 6, 16, 22, 24,

33, 36Nuts and oilseeds 17 11 5 65

Condiments and spices 20

Fruits 72 29 124 1 – 8, 15 – 19, 42 - 44

Mushrooms 0 1 25 24, 45, 63Insects 0 1Fish and sea food 85

M t & lt 10 4

Number of foods

Reference

34 E. T. AITCHISON; The American Journal of Pharmacy, Vol. 59, 1887Abdul Majid Wafiq (ICARDA) ;www.icarda.org/RALFweb/SSLPWF/RalfPresentations/2006Chandrasekharan, C. 1988. Forests and Forestry in Afghanistan, FAO, Rome.

Enacarta Home. 2001. Afghanistan wild life. Internet: http://encarta.msn.com. viewed on 1

June 2001. FAO. 1995 a. Edible nuts. by G.E. Wickens. Non-wood forest products No. 5,

Rome.4 www afghan-web com

Number of foods

Reference

65 Zabta K. Shinwari ;Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 4(3), pp. 161-176, 4 February, 2010Qazi Zabihullah, Abdur Rashid and Naveed Akhtar ;Pak. J. Pl. Sci., 12 (2): 115-121, 2006Saadia Afzal & all Ayub ;Med Coll Abbottabad 2009;21(1)

Khalid Hussain, Aamir Shahazad and Syed Zia-ul-Hussnain,

Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 29-35, 2008

Number of foods

Reference

65 Zabta K. Shinwari ;Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 4(3), pp. 161-176, 4 February, 2010Qazi Zabihullah, Abdur Rashid and Naveed Akhtar ;Pak. J. Pl. Sci., 12 (2): 115-121, 2006Saadia Afzal & all Ayub ;Med Coll Abbottabad 2009;21(1)

Khalid Hussain, Aamir Shahazad and Syed Zia-ul-Hussnain,

Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 29-35, 2008

Number of foods

Reference

31 Ranjith Mahindapala IUCN – The World Conservation Union Asia Regional Office, BangkokSouthern Illinois University Carbondale / Ethnobotanical Leaflets / ://www.siu.edu/~ebl/www.fao.org

To prepare SAARCFOODS FCT

Each country will list out all the foods analyzed in their country without borrowed data

Prepare a comprehensive list of uncommon foods consumed in the respective countries

FoodFood 208208NutrientNutrient 1414

FoodFood 299299

NutrientNutrient 3030FoodFood 597597

NutrientNutrient 5757

FoodFood 664664

NutrientNutrient 4040

1951

1937 1971

1989

Integrated Indian Food Composition Database project

Objectives:1)To establish a comprehensive Indian food composition database using presently available procedures of AOAC or other accepted methods2)Adopt statistically valid and appropriate sampling procedures t o represent the food habits of the different regions of the country3)Build the Indian food composition database website and make it available freely via the internet

Activities on food composition in India

NNMBCereals & Millets 12 Pulses & Legumes 12 Leafy Vegetables 24 Roots & Tubers 15 Other Vegetables 36 Nuts & oils seeds 20 Condiments & Spices 20 Fruits 38 Fish&Other Sea foods 30 Other Flesh foods 15 Milk & Milk Products 8

240

A probability-based (PPS)) National sampling plan was developed to sample and analyse foods consumed in the country.

The sampling plan was based on six regions (North, South, East, West, Central and Northeast) with roughly equal populations (Except Northeast India) based on geographical proximity of states.

Similar categorization of the country into six regions has also been applied in the National Family Health Survey

North Central EastChandigarhDelhiHaryanaHPJ & KPunjabRajasthanUttaranchal

ChhattisgarhMPUP

BiharJharkhandOrissaWest Bengal

North East West South

Arunachal PradeshAssamManipurMeghalayaMizoramNagalandSikkimTripura

Dadra & Nagar HaveliDaman & DiuGoaGujaratMaharashtra

APKarnatakaKeralaTNA & N IslandsLakshadweepPuducherry

National food Sampling points at different locations in the country.

PROXIMATE PRINCIPLES : % edible portion, moisture, protein, fat, ash, tdf, sdf, carbohydrate, energy (9)

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS : thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid (free and total), pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, cyanocobalamine, ascorbic acid, Biotin (9)

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS : vitamin A, tocopherol, tocotrienols, Carotenoids, Vit.D, Vit.K (6)

MINERALS & TRACE ELEMENTS : As, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Zn (20)

AMINO ACIDS : arginine, histidine, lysine, leucine, iso leucine, valine, threonine, cystine, methynine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, proline, alanine,tryptophan (18)

FATTY ACIDS : lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolinic, behanic, erucic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosa hexanoic acid & Cholesterol (13)

ANTI NUTRITIONAL FACTORS : tannins, phytates, goitrogens, trypsin inhibitor, chymotrypsin inhibitor, lectins, Oxalates, Alpha amylase(8)

The quality of the analytical data will be ensured continuously through analysis checks in the form of recovery test, analysis of control and use of Certified reference materials

In some cases multiple sample analysis will be carried out

The laboratory is participating in the quality assurance programme conducted by various agencies

Studies on the less familiar foods consumed by the indigenous major tribes in India – proposal under reviewThe NNMB survey conducted annually in 10 states of the country captures only the common foods consumed in the countrySurvey of published data on the consumption and use of uncommon foods in India is in progressComposition data on important uncommon foods will be generated and included in the Indian FCT