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TRANSCRIPT
REVISED SIXTH EDITION
AP* EDITION
ROBERT A. DIVINEUNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
T. H. BREENNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
GEORGE M. FREDRICKSONSTANFORD UNIVERSITY
R. HAL WILLIAMSSOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY
lift
PEARSON
Longman
New York San Francisco BostonLondon Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid
Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal
Maps xviii
Figures and Tables xix
Features xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxvii
About the Authors xxx
CHAPTER 1
New World Encounters,20,000 B.C.-A.D. 1600 2Native American Histories Before Conquest 4
The Great Transformation: Food, Climate,
and Culture 5Mysterious Disappearances 6Aztec Dominance 7Eastern "Woodland Cultures 8
The Indians Discover a New World 9Creative Adaptations 9Dependency: Trade and Disease 10
West Africa: Ancient and Complex Societies 11
Europe on the Eve of Conquest 15Building New Nation-States 16
Making Sense of a New World 17Calculating Risks and Rewards 17The Conquistadores 18From Plunder to Settlement 20
FEATURE ESSAY
Ecological Revolution 12
The French Claim Canada 21
22The English Enter the CompetitionBirth of English Protestantism 22Militant Protestantism 24Woman in Power 25Religion, War, and Nationalism 25
Irish Background for American SettlementEnglish Conquest of Ireland 26English Brutality 26
An Unpromising Beginning 27Roanoke Mystery 27Dreams of Possession 28
26
CHAPTER 2
England's Colonial Experiments:The Seventeenth Century,1590-1750 32Leaving Home 34
The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth 35Entrepreneurs in Virginia 36Order out of Anarchy 37"Stinking Weed" 39Time of Reckoning 40
Scandal and Reform 40Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics 41
Reinventing England in America 43"The Great Migration" 43"A City on a Hill" 45Defining the Limits of Dissent 47Breaking Away 50
Diversity in the Middle Colonies 51Anglo-Dutch Rivalry on the Hudson 51Confusion in New Jersey 53
Quakers in America 53Quaker Beliefs and Practice 53Penris "Holy Experiment" 54Settling Pennsylvania 55
Planting the Carolinas 56Proprietors of the Carolinas 56The Barbadian Connection 57
The Founding of Georgia 58
vu
vm DETAILED CONTENTS
Rugged and Laborious Beginnings 60
FEATURE ESSAY
Capital Punishment in Early America:A Kind of Moral Theater? 48
CHAPTER 3
Putting Down Roots: Families in anAtlantic Empire, 1620-1700 64Sources of Stability: New England Colonies of the
Seventeenth Century 66Immigrant Families and New Social Order 66Commonwealth of Families 67Women's Lives in Puritan New England 69Rank and Status in New England Society 70
The Planters'World 72Family Life in a Perilous Environment 72Rank and Status in Plantation Society 73
Race and Freedom in British America 74Roots of Slavery 74Constructing African American Identities 78
Commercial Blueprint for Empire 80Response to Economic Competition 80An Empire of Trade 81
Colonial Gentry in Revolt, 1676-1691 82Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion 83The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony 84Contagion of Witchcraft 85The Glorious Revolution in New York and Maryland 86
Common Experiences, Separate Cultures 87
FEATURE ESSAY
Anthony Johnson: A Free Black Planter onPungoteague Creek 76
LAW AND SOCIETY
Witches and the Law: A Problem of Evidencein 1692 90
CHAPTER 4
Frontiers of Empire: Eighteenth-Century America, 1680-1763 96Experiencing Diversity 98
Forced Migration 98
Ethnic Cultures of the Backcountry 100Scots-Irish Flee English Oppression 100Germans Search fora Better Life 101
Native Americans Define the Middle Ground 102
Spanish Borderlands of the EighteenthCentury 103
Conquering the Northern Frontier 106Peoples of the Spanish Borderlands 107
British Colonies in an Atlantic World 107Provincial Cities 108American Enlightenment 108Benjamin Franklin 110Economic Transformation 111Birth of a Consumer Society 111
Religious Revivals in Provincial Societies 112The Great Awakening 113The Voice of Popular Religion 114
Clash of Political Cultures 115The English Constitution 115The Reality of British Politics 116Governing the Colonies: The American Experience 117Colonial Assemblies 118
Century of Imperial War 118King William's and Queen Anne's Wars 119King George's War and Its Aftermath 120Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat 121Seven Years' War 122Perceptions of War 125
Rule Britannia? 125
FEATURE ESSAY
Learning to Live with Diversity in the EighteenthCentury: What Is an American? 104
CHAPTER 5
The American Revolution: FromGentry Protest to Popular Revolt,1763-1783 128Contested Meanings of Empire 130
Breakdown of Political Trust 130No Taxation Without Representation: The American
Perspective 132Appeal to Political Virtue 133
Challenge and Resistance: Eroding theBonds of Empire 134
Paying Off the National Debt 134Mobilizing the People 135SavingFace 137A Foolish Boast: Tea and Sovereignty 140Creating Patriotic Martyrs 141Last Days of the Old Order, 1770-1773 142The Final Provocation: The Boston Tea Party 143
DETAILED CONTENTS IX
Decision for Independence 145Shots Heard Around the World 146Beginning "The World over Again" 146
Fighting for Independence 148Testing the American Will 151"Times That Try Men's Souls" 151Victory in a Year of Defeat 152The French Alliance 153The Final Campaign 154
The Loyalist Dilemma 155
Winning the Peace 157
Post-Colonial Challenge 158
FEATURE ESSAY
Popular Culture and Revolutionary Ferment 138
CHAPTER 6
The Republican Experiment,1776-1791 160Defining a New Political Culture 161
Living in a Revolutionary Society 162Social and Political Reform 162African Americans in the New Republic 164Limiting Women's Rights 166Postponing Full Liberty 168
The States: The Lessons of Republicanism 168Blueprints for State Government 168Natural Rights and the State Constitutions 168Power to the People 169
Stumbling Toward a New NationalGovernment 170
Articles of Confederation 170Western Land: Key to the First Constitution 171Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation's Major
Achievement 173
Strengthening Federal Authority 175The Nationalist Critique 175Diplomatic Humiliation 177
"Have We Fought for This?" 177The Genius of James Madison 177Constitutional Reform 178The Philadelphia Convention 179Inventing a Federal Republic 180Compromise Saves the Convention 180Compromising with Slavery 181The Last Details 184We, the People 185
hose Constitution? Struggle for Ratification 185
Federalists and Antifederalists 185Adding the Bill of Rights 187
A New Beginning 188
FEATURE ESSAY
The Elusive Constitution: Search forOriginal Intent 182
LAW AND SOCIETY
The Strange Ordeal of Quok Walker: Slavery onTrial in Revolutionary Massachusetts 191
CHAPTER 7
Democracy in Distress: TheViolence of Party Politics,1788-1800 196Power of Public Opinion 197
Principle and Pragmatism: Establishing aNew Government 198
Conflicting Visions: Jefferson and Hamilton 203
Hamilton's Plan for Prosperity and Security 205Funding and Assumption 205Interpreting the Constitution: The Bank Controversy 206Setback for Hamilton 207
Charges of Treason: The Battle overForeign Affairs 208
The Peril of Neutrality 208Jay's Treaty Sparks Domestic Unrest 210Pushing the Native Americans Aside 211
Popular Political Culture 212Partisan Newspapers and Political Clubs 212Whiskey Rebellion Linked to Republican Conspiracy 213Washington's Farewell 214
The Adams Presidency 214The XYZ Affair and Domestic Politics 215Crushing Political Dissent 216
Silencing Political Opposition: The Alien andSedition Acts 217
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 218Adams's Finest Hour 219
The Peaceful Revolution: The Election
of 1800 219
Danger of Political Extremism 221
FEATURE ESSAY
Counting the People: The Federal Censusof 1790 200
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 8
Jeffersonian Ascendancy: Theoryand Practice of Government,1800-1815 224Defining Identity in a New Republic 226
Westward the Course of Empire 227Native American Resistance 228Commercial Life in the Cities 228
Republicans in Power 230Jeffersonian Reforms 231The Louisiana Purchase 234The Lewis and Clark Expedition 235Conflict with the Barbary States 236
Jefferson's Critics 237Attack on the Judges 238Politics of Desperation 239Murder and Conspiracy: The Curious Career of
Aaron Burr 240The Slave Trade 241
Embarrassments Overseas 242Embargo Divides the Nation 243A New Administration Goes to War 244Fumbling Toward Conflict 245
The Strange War of 1812 247Hartford Convention: The Demise of the Federalists 248Treaty of Ghent Ends the War 249
Republican Legacy 250
FEATURE ESSAY
Entrepreneurs of the Early Republic: The Promiseof Technology in American Life 232
CHAPTER 9
Nation Building and Nationalism,1815-1825 254Expansion and Migration 256
Extending the Boundaries 256Settlement to the Mississippi 257The People and Culture of the Frontier 260
Transportation and the Market Economy 262A Revolution in Transportation: Roads and Steamboats 262The Canal Boom 264Emergence of a Market Economy 264Commerce and Banking 266Early Industrialism 266
The Politics of Nation Building after theWar of 1812 270
The Republicans in Power 271
Monroe as President 271The Missouri Compromise 272Postwar Nationalism and the Supreme Court 274Nationalism in Foreign Policy: The Monroe Doctrine 275Adams and the End of the Era of Good Feeling 276
The Evolution of a "Mill Girl" 268
CHAPTER 10
The Triumph of White Men'sDemocracy, 1820-1840 280Democracy in Theory and Practice 282
Democracy and Society 283Democratic Culture 284The Democratic Ferment 286
Jackson and the Politics of Democracy 289The Election of 1824 and J. Q. Adams's AdministrationJackson Comes to Power 290Indian Removal 293The Nullification Crisis 295
The Bank War and the Second Party SystemMr. Biddle's Bank 296The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832 297Killing the Bank 298The Emergence of the Whigs 299The Rise and Fall of Van Buren 299
Heyday of the Second Party System 304
Tocqueville's Wisdom 305
[•EAfUHS 2SSAY
On the Hustings in Michigan 302
CHAPTER 1 1
The Pursuit of Perfection,1801-1850 308
289
296
The Rise of Evangelicalism 310The Second Great Awakening: The Frontier PhaseThe Second Great Awakening in the North 311From Revivalism to Reform 313
Domesticity and Changes in the
American Family 314Marriage and Sex Roles 314The Discovery of Childhood 317
Institutional Reform 318The Extension of Education 318Discovering the Asylum 320
Reform Turns Radical 321Divisions in the Benevolent Empire 321
310
DETAILED CONTENTS XI
The Abolitionist Enterprise 322From Abolitionism to Women's Rights 324
Radical Ideas and Experiments 325Fads and Fashions 330Counterpoint on Reform 330
FEATURE ESSAY
Spiritualism 328
The Struggles of Free Blacks 381African American Religion 382The Slave Family 384
A Divided Society 386
FEATURE ESSAY
Plantation Women—White and Black 372
CHAPTER 12
An Age of Expansionism,1830-1860 334Movement to the Far West 336
Borderlands of the 1830s 337The Texas Revolution 339The Republic of Texas 339Trails of Trade and Settlement 340The Mormon Trek 341
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-AmericanWar 343
Tyler and Texas 343The Triumph of Polk and Annexation 344The Doctrine of Manifest Destiny 345Polk and the Oregon Question 345War with Mexico 347Settlement of the Mexican-American War 348
Internal Expansionism 350The Triumph of the Railroad 350The Industrial Revolution Takes Off 354Mass Immigration Begins 356The New Working Class 358
FEATURE ESSAY
Hispanic America After 1848: A Case Study inMajority Rule 352
CHAPTER 13
Masters and Slaves, 1800-1860Slavery and the Southern Economy 364
Economic Adjustment in the Upper South 364The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom 365Slavery and Industrialization 367The "Profitability" Issue 368
The Slaveholding Society 370The Planters' World 370Planters and Slaves 371The World of the Plain Folk 375A Closed Mind and a Closed Society 376
CHAPTER 14
The Sectional Crisis,1848-1860 390The Compromise of 1850 392
The Problem of Slavery in the Mexican Cession 392The Wilmot Proviso Launches the Free-Soil Movement 393Squatter Sovereignty and the Election of 1848 393Taylor Takes Charge 394Forging a Compromise 395
Political Upheaval, 1852-1856 397The Party System in Crisis 397The Kansas-Nebraska Act Raises a Storm 398An Appeal to Nativism: The Know-Nothing Episode 399Kansas and the Rise of the Republicans 401Sectional Division in the Election of 1856 403
The Black Experience Under SlaveryForms of Slave Resistance 379
378
The House Divided, 1857-1860 404Cultural Sectionalism 404The Dred Scott Case 405The Lecompton Controversy 406Debating the Morality of Slavery 407The South's Crisis of Fear 408The Election of 1860 412
Explaining the Crisis 413
FEATURE ESSAY
The Enigma of John Brown 410
LAW AND SOCIETY
The Case of Dred and Harriet Scott: Blurring the
3 6 2 Borders of Politics and Justice 417
CHAPTER 15
Secession and the Civil War,1861-1865 422The Storm Gathers 424
The Deep South Secedes 425The Failure of Compromise 427And the War Came 428
Adjusting to Total War 429Prospects, Plans, and Expectations 430Mobilizing the Home Fronts 431
xu DETAILED CONTENTS
Political Leadership: Northern Success andSouthern Failure 435
Early Campaigns and Battles 436The Diplomatic Struggle 439
Fight to the Finish 440The Coming of Emancipation 441African Americans and the War 442The Tide Turns 443Last Stages of the Conflict 444
Effects of the War 447
FEATURE ESSAY
Soldiering in the Civil War 432
CHAPTER 16
The Agony of Reconstruction,1863-1877 454The President Versus Congress 456
Wartime Reconstruction 456Andrew Johnson at the Helm 457Congress Takes the Initiative 460Congressional Reconstruction Plan Enacted 461The Impeachment Crisis 463
Reconstruction in the South 464Social and Economic Adjustments 465Political Reconstruction in the South 468
The Age of Grant 470Rise of the Money Question 470Retreat from Reconstruction 471
Spoilsmen Versus Reformers 473
Reunion and the New South 474
The Compromise of 1877 474
The New South 475
FEATURE ESSAY
Changing Views of Reconstruction 478LAW AND SOCIETY
The Beecher-Tilton Adultery Trial: Public ImageVersus Private Conduct 483
CHAPTER 17
The West: Exploiting an Empire,1850-1900 488Beyond the Frontier 490
Crushing the Native Americans 491Life of the Plains Indians 491"As Long as Waters Run": Searching for
an Indian Policy 492
Final Battles on the Plains 495The End of Tribal Life 498
Settlement of the West 500Men and Women on the Overland Trail 500Land for the Taking 502Territorial Government 503The Spanish-Speaking Southwest 504
The Bonanza West 505The Mining Bonanza 505Gold from the Roots Up: The Cattle Bonanza 508Sodbusters on the Plains: The Farming Bonanza 511New Farming Methods 512Discontent on the Farm 513The Final Fling 514
FEATURE ESSAY
Blacks in Blue: The Buffalo Soldiersin the West 496
CHAPTER 18
The Industrial Society,1860-1900 518Industrial Development 520
An Empire on Rails 520"Emblem of Motion and Power" 521Building the Empire 522Linking the Nation via Trunk Lines 523Rails Across the Continent 524Problems of Growth 526
An Industrial Empire 527Carnegie and Steel 527Rockefeller and Oil 529The Business of Invention 530
The Sellers 533
The Wage Earners 537Working Men, Working Women, Working Children 538Culture of Work 539Labor Unions 540Labor Unrest 542
FEATURE ESSAY
The Machine That Talks 534
CHAPTER 19
Toward an Urban Society,1877-1900 548The Lure of the City 550
Skyscrapers and Suburbs 550Tenements and Privies 551
DETAILED CONTENTS Xlll
Strangers in a New Land 553Immigrants and the City 555The House That Tweed Built 556
Social and Cultural Change, 1877-1900 558Manners and Mores 559Leisure and Entertainment 560Changes in Family Life 561Changing Views: A Growing Assertiveness
AmongWomen 562Educating the Masses 563Higher Education 565
The Stirrings of Reform 567Progress and Poverty 568New Currents in Social Thought 568The Settlement Houses 572A Crisis in Social Welfare 573
FEATURE ESSAY
Revivalism in the Modern City 570
LAW AND SOCIETY
Plessy v. Ferguson: The Shaping of Jim Crow 577
CHAPTER 2O
Political Realignments in the 1890s,1890-1900 582Politics of Stalemate 584
The Party Deadlock -585Experiments in the States 586Reestablishing Presidential Power 586
Republicans in Power: The Billion-DollarCongress 587
Tariffs, Trusts, and Silver 588The 1890 Elections 589
The Rise of the Populist Movement 589The Farm Problem 589The Fast-Growing Farmers'Alliance 590The People's Party 592
The Crisis of the Depression 593The Panic of 1893 593
Coxey's Army and the Pullman Strike 594The Miners of the Midwest 595A Beleaguered President 597Breaking the Party Deadlock 597
Changing Attitudes 598"Everybody Works But Father" 598Changing Themes in Literature 599
The Presidential Election of 1896 601The Mystique of Silver 601The Republicans and Gold 604The Democrats and Silver 605
Campaign and Election 605
The McKinley Administration 606
FEATURE ESSAY
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 602
CHAPTER 21
Toward Empire, 1867-1902 610America Looks Outward 612
Catching the Spirit of Empire 612Foreign Policy Approaches, 1867-1900 616The Lure of Hawaii and Samoa 618The New Navy 619
War with Spain 621A War for Principle 621"A Splendid Little War" 623"Smoked Yankees" 624The Course of the War 626
Debate over Empire 627Guerrilla Warfare in the Philippines 629Governing the Empire 632The Open Door 633
FEATURE ESSAY
Americans by the Numbers: The 1890 Census 614
CHAPTER 22
The Progressive Era, 1900-1920 638The Changing Face of Industrialism 641
The Innovative Model T 641The Burgeoning Trusts 642Managing the Machines 643
Society's Masses 645Better Times on the Farm 645
Women at Work 646The Niagara Movement and the NAACP 648"I Hear the Whistle": Immigrants in the Labor Force 649
Conflict in the Workplace 654Organizing Labor 654Working with Workers 656Amoskeag 657
A New Urban Culture 658Production and Consumption 659Living and Dying in an Urban Nation 659Popular Pastimes 659Experimentation in the Arts 661
FEATURE ESSAY
Margaret Sanger and theBirth Control Movement 650
XIV DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 23
From Roosevelt to Wilson in the Ageof Progressivism, 1900-1916 666The Spirit of Progressivism 668
The Rise of the Professions 669The Social-Justice Movement 670The Purity Crusade 671Woman'Suffrage, Women's Rights 672A Ferment of Ideas: Challenging the Status Quo 674
Reform in the Cities and States 675Interest Groups and the Decline of Popular Politics 675Reform in the Cities 676Action in the States 677
The Republican Roosevelt 679Busting the Trusts 680"Square Deal" in the Coalfields 681
Roosevelt Progressivism at Its Height 681Regulating the Railroads 682Cleaning Up Food and Drugs 682Conserving the Land 683
The Ordeal of William Howard Taft 684Party Insurgency 685The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair 686Taft Alienates the Progressives 686Differing Philosophies in the Election of 1912 687
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom 688The New Freedom in Action 689Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism 690
FEATURE ESSAY
Madam C.J.Walker 692
LAW AND SOCIETY
Muller v. Oregon: Expanding the Definitionof Acceptable Evidence 697
CHAPTER 24
The Nation at War, 1900-1920 702A New World Power 704
"I Took the Canal Zone" 705The Roosevelt Corollary 706Ventures in the Far East 706Taft and Dollar Diplomacy 707
Foreign Policy Under Wilson 708Conducting Moral Diplomacy 708Troubles Across the Border 709
Toward War 710The Neutrality Policy 710Freedom of the Seas 711
The U-Boat Threat 712"He Kept Us out of War" 713The Final Months of Peace 714
Over There 715Mobilization 715
War in the Trenches 717
Over Here 721The Conquest of Convictions 721A Bureaucratic War 722Labor in the War 723
The Treaty of Versailles 726A Peace at Paris 727Rejection in the Senate 729
FEATURE ESSAY
Measuring the Mind 718
CHAPTER 25
Transition to Modern America,1920-1928 734The Second Industrial Revolution 736
The Automobile Industry 736Patterns of Economic Growth 737Economic Weaknesses 738
The New Urban Culture 739Women and the Family 740The Roaring Twenties 742The Literary Flowering 742
The Rural Counterattack 748The "Red Scare" 748Prohibition 750The Ku Klux Klan 751Immigration Restriction 752The Fundamentalist Controversy 753
Politics of the 1920s 754Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover 754Republican Policies 754The Divided Democrats 755The Election of 1928 756
FEATURE ESSAY
Marcus Garvey: Racial Redemption andBlack Nationalism 746
CHAPTER 26
Franklin D. Roosevelt andthe New Deal, 1929-1938 760The Great Depression 762
The Great Bull Market 762
DETAILED CONTENTS XV
Effect of the Depression 763
Fighting the Depression 765Hoover and Voluntarism 765 __The Emergence of Roosevelt 766The Hundred Days 767Roosevelt and Recovery 768Roosevelt and Relief 770
Roosevelt and Reform 773Angry Voices 773Social Security 774Labor Legislation 775
Impact of the New Deal 776Rise of Organized Labor 776The New Deal Record on Help to Minorities 777Women at Work 779
End of the New Deal 782The Election of 1936 782The Supreme Court Fight 782The New Deal in Decline 783Evaluation of the New Deal 785
FEATURE ESSAY
Eleanor Roosevelt and the Quest forSocial Justice 780
CHAPTER 27
America and the World,1921-1945 790Retreat, Reversal, and Rivalry 792
Retreat in Europe 792Cooperation in Latin America 793Rivalry in Asia 794
Isolationism 795The Lure of Pacifism and Neutrality 795War in Europe 797
The Road to War 798From Neutrality to Undeclared War 798Showdown in the Pacific 800
Turning the Tide Against the Axis 802Wartime Partnerships 803Halting the German Blitz 804Checking Japan in the Pacific 805
The Home Front 806A Nation on the Move 808Win-the-War Politics 811
Victory 812War Aims and Wartime Diplomacy 812Triumph and Tragedy in the Pacific 816
FEATURE ESSAY
"Inside the Vicious Heart" 814
CHAPTER 28
The Onset of the Cold War,1945-1960 820The Cold War Begins 822
The Division of Europe 822Withholding Economic Aid 824The Atomic Dilemma 824
Containment 825The Truman Doctrine 825
.The Marshall Plan 826The Western Military Alliance 827The Berlin Blockade 828
The Cold War Expands 829The Military Dimension 829The Cold War in Asia 830The Korean War 831
The Cold War at Home 833Truman's Troubles 833Truman Vindicated 836The Loyalty Issue 837McCarthyism in Action 838The Republicans in Power 840
Eisenhower Wages the Cold War 841Entanglement in Indochina 843Containing China 844Turmoil in the Middle East 844Covert Actions 845Waging Peace 845
FEATURE ESSAY
The "Lost Sheep" of the Korean War 834
CHAPTER 29
Affluence and Anxiety,1946-1960 850The Postwar Boom 853
Postwar Prosperity 853Life in the Suburbs 854
The Good Life? 855Areas of Greatest Growth 855Critics of the Consumer Society 856The Reaction to Sputnik 860
Farewell to Reform 861Truman and the Fair Deal 861Eisenhower's Modern Republicanism 862
XVI DETAILED CONTENTS
The Struggle over Civil Rights 863Civil Rights as a Political Issue 864Desegregating the Schools 864The Beginnings of Black Activism 866
FEATURE ESSAY
Rise of a New Idiom in Modern Painting:Abstract Expressionism 858
CHAPTER 3O
The Turbulent Sixties,1960-1969 870Kennedy Intensifies the Cold War 873
Flexible Response 873Crisis over Berlin 873Containment in Southeast Asia 874Containing Castro: The Bay of Pigs Fiasco 875Containing Castro: The Cuban Missile Crisis 876
The New Frontier at Home 878The Congressional Obstacle 878Economic Advance 879Moving Slowly on Civil Righ ts 880"I Have a Dream" 881The Supreme Court and Reform 883
"Let Us Continue" 883Johnson in Action 884The Election of 1964 885The Triumph of Reform 886
Johnson Escalates the Vietnam War 890The Vietnam Dilemma 890Escalation 892Stalemate 892
Years of Turmoil 894The Student Revolt 894Protesting the Vietnam War 895The Cultural Revolution 896"Black Power" 897Ethnic Nationalism 898Women's Liberation 899
The Return of Richard Nixon 900Vietnam Undermines Lyndon Johnson 900The Democrats Divide 901The Republican Resurgence 902
FEATURE ESSAY
Unintended Consequences: The SecondGreat Migration 888
CHAPTER 31
A Crisis in Confidence,1969-1980 908Nixon in Power 910
Reshaping the Great Society 911Nixonomics 911Building a Republican Majority 912In Search of Detente 912Ending the Vietnam War 913
The Crisis of Democracy 914The Election of 1972 914
The Watergate Scandal 915
Energy and the Economy 918The October War 918The Oil Shocks 919The Search for an Energy Policy 921The Great Inflation 922The Shifting American Economy 922
Private Lives—Public Issues 923The Changing American Family 923Gains and Setbacks for Women 924The Gay Liberation Movement 925
Politics After Watergate 927The Ford Administration 927The 1976 Campaign 928Disenchantment with Carter 929
From Detente to Renewed Cold War 929Retreat in Asia 930Accommodation in Latin America 930The Quest for Peace in the Middle East 931The Cold War Resumes 932
FEATURE ESSAY
The Pentagon Papers Affair 916
LAW AND SOCIETY
Roe v. Wade: The Struggle Over Women'sReproductive Rights 937
CHAPTER 32
The Republican Resurgence,1980-1992 942Reagan in Power 945
The Reagan Victory 945Cutting Spending and Taxes 946Limiting the Role of Government 948
Reaganomics 949Recession and Recovery 949
DETAILED CONTENTS xvu
The Growing Deficit 949The Rich Grow Richer 953Reagan Affirmed 953
Reagan and the World 955Challenging the "Evil Empire" 955Turmoil in the Middle East 956Confrontation in Central America 957Trading Arms for Hostages 959Reagan the Peacemaker 960
Social Dilemmas 961The AIDS Epidemic 961The War on Drugs 963
Passing the Torch 965The Changing Palace Guard 965The Election of 1988 966Defaults and Deficits 967The End of the Cold War 968Waging Peace 970
950
FEATURE ESSAY
The Christian Right
LAW AND SOCIETY
Bakke v. Regents of the University of California:The Question of Affirmative Action 975
CHAPTER 33
America in Flux: NewUncertainties, 1990-2001 980
983The Changing American PopulationA People on the Move 983The Revival of Immigration 984Advance and Retreat for African Americans 985The Surging Hispanics 987Asian Americans on the Rise 988Melting Pot or Multiethnic Diversity? 988
Economic Crosscurrents 990Recession and Stagnation 990The Plight of the Middle Class 990
Democratic Revival 991The Election of 1992 991Economic Recovery 992
President versus Congress 994The Clinton Rebound 997
After the Cold War 999Clinton and the World 999Intervening in Somalia and Haiti 1000Halting Civil War in Bosnia 1001Saving Kosovo 1004
The End of the Century 1005From Deficit to Surplus 1005Violence in the 1990s 1006Shadow on the White House 1008A Nation Divided 1010
September 11,2001: Terrorist Attack. on the United States 1013
FEATURE ESSAY
The Internet—An Electronic Anarchy 1002
Appendix A-lThe Declaration of Independence A-3
The Articles of Confederation A-5
The Constitution of the United Statesof America A-9
Amendments to the Constitution A-14
Presidential Elections A-18
Vice Presidents and Cabinet Members byAdministration A-22
Supreme Court Justices A-32
Admission of States into the Union A-34
Ten Largest Cities by Population,1700-1990 A-35
A Demographic Profile of theAmerican People A-36
U.S. Population, 1790-2000 A-38
Credits C-l
Index 1-1