T 4.0

Chapter 4: Planning Inquiry Lessons

Central Concepts: Inquiry lessons focus on knowing and doing

Concept mapping is a tool to help form proper connections among concepts

Planning helps to assure learners will have necessary experiences and develop important attitudes, skills and ideas

Lessons must address National Science Education goals and outcomes

Inquiry Lessons

Key question: – “What do I expect learners to understand

and be able to do?” Understanding focuses on a central concept Doing focuses on developing and using

essential science skills and attitudes Building the lessons begins with identifying

the concept, skills and attitudes

T 4.1

Standards

State and national standards in science reveal the essential concepts, skills and attitudes

Appendix A provides science concepts

Table 4.2 describes 4 new dimensions of science content outcomes

T 4.2

T 4.3

What Is A Concept?

By definition, a concept is …

... a general idea or understanding that is derived from specific experiences; a thought or notion, an idea.

With Young Children ...

we have limits when teaching for conception

must teach in ways to overcome abstractions

must find a way to help learners make the concept concrete

must avoid "fuzzy" concepts when planning and teaching

must provide abundant opportunities for learners to experience real examples of the concept

T 4.4

T 4.5

Concept Map: A Tool for Planning the Inquiry

helps to plan instruction makes abstract concepts more concrete shows relationships among and between concepts relationships “tell” a story to be learned through

experiences helps connect ideas with experiences helps fit ideas into meaningful patterns can be used as an Advance Organizer can be used as a form of student evaluation

T 4.6

Parts of Concept Maps (Fig 7.4)

Superordinate concept: – the main idea at the top of a map

Subordinate concepts: – all other concepts on a map

Coordinating concepts: – the first row of subordinate concepts; help to organize

clusters of concepts and show relationship to the superordinate

Propositions: – linking words that show relationships, e.g., "can be,"

"has"

Concept Map of Concept Map (Figure 4.4)

superordinateconcept

T 4.7

subordinateconcepts

coordinatingconcepts

CONCEPT MAP

mostgeneral top organize

concepts categories bottom superordinateconcept

propositions

connections story

coordinatingconcepts

has has has

uses link

is at helps relates found at related to

meaning shownby

through

make tell

show

T 4.8

Concept Mapping Steps

1. identify and list all concepts2. separate any isolated facts3. select a superordinate concept4. cluster and arrange all subordinate concepts into levels (no one best way)

T 4.9

5. draw lines to show relationships6. write in propositions7. identify concepts you will emphasize in lessons8. plan your lessons to help students understand

the concepts and to make connections with similar concepts in prior lessons

Concept Mapping Steps, cont.

T 4.10

Planning Inquiry Lessons

Is there a variety of activities to accommodate student learning style differences?

Can you do the activity first, then introduce special vocabulary?

Do you have key questions that can be used to stimulate interaction?

Are the lessons focused on concept development?

Standards Concept Activities to promote inquiry Materials to sustain inquiry Safety & management Exploring the concept With learners, developing an explanation of

the concept Expanding learner understanding of and

skills in using the concept Evaluating learning at appropriate times and

in appropriate ways

Components of a Learning Cycle Inquiry Plan

T 4.11

Essential Questions How can I identify and “get to the point?” How can I faithfully model what science is and help the

learners experience holistic science?

How can I address specific standards? How can I promote science safely?

How can I teach effectively and in a manner that fits children’s learning?

How can I evaluate authentically what children know and can do?

How can I pull the answers to all of these questions into a single plan that also becomes my method for teaching?

T 4.12

Planning for Inquiry: Learning Cycle Approach

Exploration Explanation Expansion Evaluation

T 4.13

T 4.14

Essential Questions for: Exploration

What do you want children to learn? (concept)

What main concept will be explored and later understood?

How can I engage the learners’ thinking and involve them in the inquiry?

‘

What activities must children do to acquire the necessary information?

How will I stimulate the learners to remain engaged in the processes of inquiry?

What kinds of records about the activity must children keep?

What kinds of instructions and encouragement will the children need?

T 4.15

Essential Questions for: Explanation

What information must the students provide? How will you help students to review or summarize

their findings? How can you help the students use their information

to "invent" or to explain the lesson's concept? What type of “sentence starter” could you use to help

the learners to write an operational definition for the concept?

Why is the concept important?

T 4.16

Essential Questions for: Expansion

What additional inquiry activities will help the learners to understand the concept broader and deeper?

How can the new concept be connected to prior lessons?

What are examples of how the concept addresses the modern goals of science?

How can you encourage the students to use the concept in a new situation?, in ways that are important to them?

What new experiences and concepts will learners need to help them expand on the lesson’s concept?

T 4.17

Essential Questions for: Evaluation

What key questions can encourage deeper exploration?

What questions and types of evaluation tasks can be used to help the learners connect the concept to others?, to avoid science misconceptions?

How can you help learners to develop and strengthen essential science attitudes?

What performance tasks can be used to help the students demonstrate what they understand about the concept and its uses?

How can you help students use basic process skills to develop integrated skills?