systematic of a company - classification standard

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8/14/2019 Systematic of a Company - Classification Standard http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/systematic-of-a-company-classification-standard 1/20  Xxtigntdh j` ne Hjg}ne H f n x x d ` d h n t d j e X t n e o n { o I Q N G ] F I  

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Page 1: Systematic of a Company - Classification Standard

8/14/2019 Systematic of a Company - Classification Standard

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/systematic-of-a-company-classification-standard 1/20

 

Xxtigntdh j neHjg}ne

H f n x x d ` d h n t d j e X t n e o n { o

I Q N G ] F I

 

Page 2: Systematic of a Company - Classification Standard

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Lfjknf Hntilj{dsntdje

_ai lfjknf hntilj{dsntdje knxio je cjkx |dff hjetnde `jy{ oixh{d}tdpi ifigietx nx `jffj|x3

Cjk Adi{n{ha

• Cjk Xhj}i

• Hn{ii{ Fipif

• Cjk @yehtdje

Inha ifigiet—x pnfyix neo oixh{d}tdjex n{i oixh{dkio kifj|%

Cjk Adi{n{ha

• Iqihytdpi Hjggdttii !Hj{}j{nti$

• Hjg}ne L{jy} Hand{gne !Hj{}j{nti$

• Deti{entdjenf P] !Hj{}j{nti$

• Oi}n{tgiet*Odpdxdje Aino !Hj{}j{nti$

• Kyxdeixx Yedt Finoi{ !d%i% Hjg}ne ]{ixdoiet$

• Pdhi ]{ixdoiet

• Od{ihtj{

• Gnenli{

• Xy}i{pdxj{

• ]{j`ixxdjenf !eje'gnenli{dnf$

• Nogdedxt{ntdpi xy}}j{t

• J}i{ntdpix

• _ihaedhdnex

Hn{ii{ Fipif

• Iet{

• Deti{giodnti

• Xiedj{

;

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• Iq}i{t

• Gnenligiet Kjn{o

Cjk Xhj}i

• Jei Hjyet{*Jei Kyxdeixx 

• Gyftd}fi Hjyet{dix*Jei Kyxdeixx 

• Jei Hjyet{*Gyftd}fi Kyxdeixxix 

• Gyftd}fi Hjyet{dix*Gyftd}fi Kyxdeixxix 

• Lfjknf*LJH 

• Lfjknf ' Nff 

Cjk @yehtdje

Hj{}j{nti N``nd{x

• Ljpi{egiet [ifntdjex

• ]ykfdh [ifntdjex

@denehi

• Nhhjyetx ]nnkfi*[ihidpnkfi

• @denehdnf ]fneedel & Nenfxdx

• Nhhjyetdel

• Deti{enf Nyodt

• Depixtj{ [ifntdjex

• ]n{jff

• [dxb Gnenligiet

• _nq

• _{inxy{

Filnf

• ]ntiet

• _{noign{b 

8

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• Hjet{nht

• ]{dpnh

• Liei{nf

Liei{nf• Kyxdeixx Yedt Finoi{ neo Nkjpi

Aygne [ixjy{hix

• Hjg}iexntdje*Kiei`dtx

• Ig}fjgiet ![ih{ydtgiet*Xifihtdje$

• Iepd{jegietnf Ainfta & Xn`it

• Fnkj{*Ig}fjii [ifntdjex

• Ainfta neo \iffeixx

• J{lnedsntdjenf Oipifj}giet & I``ihtdpieixx

• Xihy{dt

De`j{gntdje Gnenligiet*_ihaejfjl !deti{enf$

• N}}fdhntdjex Oipifj}giet

• Ontn Knxi Nogdedxt{ntdje

• De`{nxt{yhty{i

• Eit|j{b ]fneedel

• ]{jl{nggdel

• Xj`t|n{i Oipifj}giet

• Xy}}j{t*_ihaedhnf Xi{pdhix

• Xxtigx Nenfxdx

• Xxtigx Ieldeii{del

• Xxtigx Xihy{dt

• _ifihjggyedhntdjex

J}i{ntdjex

• @nhdfdtdix Xi{pdhix

?

• _{nex}j{tntdje Xi{pdhix

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• Ieldeii{del

• ]dfjt ]fnet

• Gndetienehi

• Gney`nhty{del

• Fjldxtdhx*Xy}}f Hande

• Odxt{dkytdje

• Depietj{ ]fneedel*Hjet{jf

• ]{joyhtdje ]fneedel

• ]y{hanxdel

• Xt{ntildh Xjy{hdel

^ynfdt Nxxy{nehi

• Hjg}fdnehi Nyodt

• Dex}ihtdje

• ]{jl{ng Oipifj}giet*Gnenligiet

• Pnfdontdje

• ^ynfdt Nxxy{nehi Ieldeii{del

• ^ynfdt Dg}{jpigiet ]{jhixx

• _ihaedhnf Xi{pdhix

[ilyfntj{ N``nd{x

• Ljpi{egiet Fdndxje

• Giodhnf*_ihaedhnf \{dtdel

• [ilyfntj{ Hjg}fdnehi

• Xykgdxxdjex

[ixin{ha & Oipifj}giet

• [ixin{ha

• ]{joyht Oipifj}giet

• Haigdxt{ Xhdiehix

9

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• Deti{odxhd}fdei & Gdxhiffneijyx Xhdiehix

• ]axdhnf Xhdiehix

• Liei{nf Xhdiehix

• Giodhnf Xhdiehix

• Hfdedhnf*_ihaedhnf Ontn Gnenligiet

• _ihaedhnf Xi{pdhix

• Giodhnf N``nd{x

Xnfix & Gn{bitdel

• Kdox & Hjet{nht Nogdedxt{ntdje

• Hyxtjgi{ Xy}}j{t Xi{pdhix

• Entdjenf Nhhjyetx

• ]{j`ixxdjenf Xnfix

• Xnfix Nogdedxt{ntdje

• Xnfix * Gn{bitdel Xi{pdhix

• Xiffdel

• Nopi{tdxdel*]{jgjtdjex

• Hjggi{hdnf Oipifj}giet

• Gn{bit [ixin{ha

• Ei| ]{joyht Oipifj}giet

• K{neo*]{joyht Gnenligiet

Xt{ntildh ]fneedel*Kyxdeixx Oipifj}giet

• Nh~ydxdtdjex neo Fdhiexdel

• Kyxdeixx Oipifj}giet

• Ei| _ihaejfjl Nxxixxgiet

• Jythjgix [ixin{ha

• Xt{ntildh ]fneedel

0

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Liei{dh Xyk`yehtdjex

• Hjggyedhntdjex

• I'Kyxdeixx

• Liei{nfdxt

• ]{jhixx Iqhiffiehi

• _{ndedel & Oipifj}giet

<

Page 8: Systematic of a Company - Classification Standard

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

Hj{}j{nti N``nd{x

Ljpi{egiet [ifntdjex [i}{ixietx tai hjg}ne,x }jxdtdje je fildxfntdpi neo

{ilyfntj{ n``nd{x tj ifihtio j``dhdnfx neo taid{ xtn``x neo tj

ljpi{egiet j``dhdnfx neo xtn``x de {ilyfntj{ neo jtai{

nliehdix% Gn nfxj {i}{ixiet hjg}ne deti{ixtx de

oinfdelx |dta t{noi deoyxt{ j{ }{j`ixxdjenf j{lnedsntdjex%

]ykfdh [ifntdjex ]fnex neo hjeoyhtx }ykfdh {ifntdjex neo ljjo|dff }{jl{ngx

tj dg}{jpi tai hjg}ne,x {ifntdjex |dta tai }ykfdh

deoyxt{ xtjhbajfoi{x neo ig}fjiix% ]fnex }{i}n{ix

neo odxxigdentix de`j{gntdje ytdfdsdel giodn xyha nx

gnlnsdeix x}iihaix neo xh{d}tx2 xykgdtx }ajtjl{n}ax2

nxxdlex neo*j{ n}}{jpix n{t|j{b% Gn }n{tdhd}nti de

nopi{tdxdel hng}ndlex iodt gnti{dnf `j{ j{lnedsntdje

}ykfdhntdjex neo hjeoyht }ykfdh j}dedje }jffx%

@denehi

Nhhjyetx ]nnkfi*[ihidpnkfi ]i{`j{gx n pn{dit j` liei{nf nhhjyetdel xy}}j{t tnxbx de

ne nhhjyetdel oi}n{tgiet% Pi{d`dix nhhy{nh j` depjdhix

neo jtai{ nhhjyetdel ojhygietx j{ {ihj{ox% Y}ontix neogndetndex nhhjyetdel cjy{enfx fioli{x neo jtai{ {ihj{ox

oitndfdel `denehdnf kyxdeixx t{nexnhtdjex !i%l% nhhjyet

{ihidpnkfix odxky{xigietx iq}iexi pjyhai{x }n{jffx

{ihid}tx nhhjyetx }nnkfi$% Ieti{x ontn detj hjg}yti{

xxtig yxdel oi`deio hjg}yti{ }{jl{ngx2 hjg}dfix ontn

neo }{i}n{ix n pn{dit j` {i}j{tx% [ihjehdfix {ihj{ox |dta

deti{enf hjg}ne ig}fjiix neo gnenligiet j{ iqti{enf

pieoj{x j{ hyxtjgi{x% Gn {ihjehdfi kneb neo `denehdnf

xtntigietx*{i}j{t% [ihjggieox nhtdjex tj {ixjfpi

odxh{i}nehdix% Depixtdlntix ~yixtdjenkfi ontn%

@denehdnf ]fneedel & Nenfxdx ]i{`j{gx ihjejgdh {ixin{ha neo xtyodix xykcihtx xyha nx

{ntix j` {ity{e oi}{ihdntdje |j{bdel hn}dtnf depixtgietx

neo `denehdnf neo iq}iexi hjg}n{dxjex k nenfxdx j`

}{j`dt neo fjxx xtntigietx neo dehjgi xtntigietx%]{i}n{ix {i}j{tx j` `deodelx neo {ihjggieontdjex tj

gnenligiet% Oipifj}x gndetndex neo ixtnkfdxaix

j}i{ntdjenf x}ihd`dhntdjex `j{ `denehdnf de`j{gntdje xxtigx

hjexdoi{del xyha tadelx nx de`j{gntdje `fj| pjfygi neo

ojhygiet `j{gnt `j{ ontn }{jhixxdel i~yd}giet% Gn

}{jpdoi nenfxdx je kyxdeixx oipifj}giet neo gn

gjedtj{ kyxdeixx }i{`j{gnehi k yedt j{ odpdxdje%

Nhhjyetdel Hjffihtx ontn nffjhntix hjxtx neo }{i}n{ix {i}j{tx tant

gndetnde tai hjg}ne,x hjxt nhhjyetdel xxtig% Iexy{ix

tant hjxtx n{i nffjhntio nhhj{odel tj ixtnkfdxaio

}{jhioy{ix% Lntai{x adxtj{dhnf hjxt ontn je xyha nhtdpdtdix

nx gnti{dnf }y{hanxix fnkj{ i~yd}giet oi}{ihdntdje

{i}nd{x nxxigkf j}i{ntdel iq}iexix ith% Depixtdlntix

hjxt xt{yhty{ix `j{ ei| neo iqdxtdel n{inx j` tai hjg}ne%

]{dhix ei| xi{pdhix j{ }{joyhtx k oipifj}del yedt hjxtx

neo }{jcihtdel iq}iexix% ]{i}n{ix {i}j{tx tant hjg}n{i

kyolitx |dta nhtynf iq}iexix% Gn }{i}n{i iqdxtdel j{

}{jcihtio }{j`dtnkdfdt nenfxix% Gn {ihjggieo oixdle

j{ oipifj} {ipdxdjex tj tai hjxt nhhjyetdel xxtig%

Deti{enf Nyodt Hjeoyhtx denehdnf neo j}i{ntdjenf nyodtx k iqngdedel

neo pi{d`del nhhjyetdel xtntdxtdhnf j{ j}i{ntdjenf {ihj{ox

neo*j{ }{jhioy{ix j` deti{enf neo*j{ iqti{enf j{lnedsntdjex

tj oiti{gdei tai {ifdnkdfdt neo i``ihtdpieixx j` `denehdnf

1

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

neo hjet{jf xxtigx gnti{dnf nxxitx eit |j{ta fdnkdfd tdix

hn}dtnf xtjhb xy{}fyx dehjgi neo iq}ieodty{ix%

Iqngdeix {ihj{ox tj iexy{i }{j}i{ {ihj{odel j`

t{nexnhtdjex neo hjg}fdnehi |dta n}}fdhnkfi fn|x

nl{iigietx neo }jfdhdix% ]{i}n{ix {i}j{tx j` `deodelx neo

{ihjggieontdjex tj gnenligiet% Gn xy}}j{t odpdxdjex

neo xykxdodn{dix de ipnfyntdel neo {ihjggieodel

dg}{jpigietx tj kyxdeixx }{nhtdhix }{jhixxix neo hjet{jf

}{jhioy{ix%

Depixtj{ [ifntdjex Od{ihtx neo hjj{odentix {ifntdjex kit|iie tai hjg}ne dtx

xtjhbajfoi{x neo pn{djyx `denehdnf dextdtytdjex% X}inbx `j{

gnenligiet neo xi{pix nx nytaj{dtntdpi hiet{nf xjy{hi j`

odxhfjxnkfi denehdnf de`j{gntdje neo }i{x}ihtdpix eiioio

k depixtgiet }{j ixxdjenfx% K{di`x neo j``i{x

gnenligiet hjyexif je gntti{x n``ihtdel tai hjg}ne,x

{ifntdjexad}x |dta tai depixtgiet hjggyedt neo deodpdoynf

xan{ij|ei{x% Od{ihtx de`j{gntdjenf }{jl{ngx oixdleio `j{

xihy{dt nenfxtx depixtj{ hfykx neo xdgdfn{ l{jy}x%

]n{jff Nenfsix nyodtx {ihjehdfix neo {ixjfpix hjg}fiq }n{jff

}{jhixxdel neo ig}fjii }n{jff dxxyix tj iexy{i xgjjta}n{jff }{jhixxdel% Iexy{ix }n{jff {i}j{tdel neo }ngietx

n{i hjg}fdnet |dta hjg}ne }jfdh liei{nff nhhi}tio

nhhjyetdel }{dehd}fix neo `ioi{nf xtnti neo D[X

{ilyfntdjex% [ixin{haix neo deti{}{itx `ioi{nf neo xtnti

{ilyfntj{ {i~yd{igietx neo {ixjfpix tnq |dtaajfodel

ln{edxagiet neo |nli*ajy{ dxxyix j{ }n{jff }{jhixxdel%

[ix}jeox tj nyodtdel neo {ilyfntj{ de~yd{dix%

[dxb Gnenligiet Oipifj}x dg}figietx neo nogdedxti{x hjg}ne hnxynft

neo }{j}i{t'fjxx dexy{nehi }{jl{ngx% Nenfsix neo

oi`deix }jtietdnf fjxx n{inx neo oiti{gdeix n}}{j}{dnti

t}i neo fipif j` fjxx }{jtihtdje tj ki dexy{io% @j{ xif`'

dexy{io hjg}nedix oipifj}x fjxx j{ihnxtx tj

gjedtj{*ixtnkfdxa nhh{ynfx j{ xif`'dexy{io {itietdje%

]{i}n{ix x}ihd`dhntdjex j{ k{jbi{ j{ yeoi{|{dti{ kdoxipnfyntix kdox neo {ihjggieox j{ hjehfyoix dexy{nehi

hjet{nhtx% Xykgdtx hfndgx neo gjedtj{x }ngietx%

]n{tdhd}ntix de n}}{ndxnf neo nocyxtgiet }{jhiiodelx%

Oipifj}x neo hjj{odentix {dxb hjet{jf }{jl{ngx tj }{ipiet

fjxxix neo {ioyhi }{igdygx%

_nq ]{i}n{ix tai hjg}ne,x `ioi{nf xtnti neo fjhnf tnq

{ity{ex k iqngdedel nhhjyetx neo {ihj{ox neo hjg}ytdel

tnq {ity{ex nhhj{odel tj }{ixh{dkio {ntix fn|x neo

{ilyfntdjex% ]{i}n{ix hfndgx `j{ tnq {i`yeox gndetndex tnq

{ihj{ox }{i}n{ix {jytdei neo x}ihdnf tnq {i}j{tx neo

nopdxix gnenligiet {iln{odel kyxdeixx deti{enf

}{jl{ngx neo nhtdpdtdix nx tai {ifnti tj tnq gntti{x%

@denehdnf dextdtytdjex gntha _{yxt _nq Nhhjyetnetx tj tadx

kiehagn{b%_{inxy{ @yehtdjex nx tai hjg}ne knebdel neo hnxadi{del

iqihytdpi% ]n{tdhd}ntix de oihdxdjex depjfpdel knebdel

hnxa nogdedxt{ntdje fjne eiljtdntdjex neo }ngietx xtjhb

neo odpdoieo gntti{x depixtgiet {ihj{ox {ij{lnedsntdjex

neo nh~ydxdtdjex%

Liei{nf

Gyftd'`yehtdje Iqihytdpi

Aygne [ixjy{hix Hjg}iexntdje * Kiei`dtx Oipifj}x neo*j{ nogdedxti{x nff hjg}ne ig}fjii

kiei`dtx neo hjg}iexntdje }{jl{ngx% [ix}jexdkfi j{

4

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

od{iht j{ `yehtdjenf hjet{jf jpi{ cjk ipnfyntdje neo |nli

neo xnfn{ nogdedxt{ntdje }{jl{ngx dehfyodel nff dehietdpi

}fnex% [ix}jexdkfi `j{ bii}del nk{inxt j` t{ieox neo

oipifj}gietx de tai n{in j` ig}fjii kiei`dtx neo

{ihjggieodel enty{i neo tdgdel j` kiei`dt }fne

dg}{jpigietx%

Ig}fjgiet ![ih{ydtgiet * 

Xifihtdje$

Hjeoyhtx deti{pdi|x tj {ih{ydt }{jx}ihtdpi ig}fjiix neo

{i`i{x cjk n}}fdhnetx tj x}ihd`dh cjk j}iedelx% Ipnfyntix

ig}fjgiet `nhtj{x xyha nx cjk iq}i{diehi ioyhntdje neo

t{ndedel xbdffx bej|fioli neo nkdfdtdix }axdhnf neo

}i{xjenf ~ynfd`dhntdjex neo jtai{ ontn }i{tdeiet tj

hfnxxd`dhntdje xifihtdje neo {i i{{nf% ]{i}n{ix {ntdel je

n}}fdhnetx gnbix {ihjggieontdjex je xtn{tdel xnfn{dix

neo }{jpdoix n}}fdhnetx |dta de`j{gntdje je tai hjg}ne%

Gn nogdedxti{ tixtx neo deti{}{it {ixyftx haihb

{i`i{iehix n{{neli t{nex}j{tntdje j` xifihtio n}}fdhnetx

iqtieo `j{gnf cjk j``i{x ith%

Iepd{jegietnf Ainfta & Xn`it

Fnkj{*Ig}fjii [ifntdjex Nopdxix je hjet{nht eiljtdntdje l{dipnehi hnxix

n{kdt{ntdjex hjehdfdntdjex neo `ioi{nf neo xtnti fnkj{fildxfntdje2 {i}{ixietx gnenligiet de hjffihtdpi kn{lndedel

|dta yedjex {i}{ixietdel hjg}ne ig}fjiix2 }{jpdoix

hjyexif neo nxxdxtnehi tj ig}fjiix neo gnenligiet%

Ainfta neo \iffeixx [ix}jexdkfi j{ nogdedxti{del ainfta gnenligiet

}{jl{ngx xyha nx |j{bi{x, hjg}iexntdje fjel'ti{g

odxnkdfdt neo |iffeixx }{jl{ngx% ]{jpdoix ey{xdel

xi{pdhix tj ig}fjiix j{ }i{xjex |aj kihjgi dff j{ xy``i{

ne nhhdoiet% Gndetndex {ihj{o j` }i{xjex t{intio2 }{i}n{ix

nhhdoiet {i}j{tx2 }{jpdoix ainfta ioyhntdje de`j{gntdje2

odx}iexix xtneon{o o{ylx neo giodhdeix xyha nx nx}d{de

neo hjyla j{ hjfo tnkfitx2 {i`i{x hjetnldjyx odxinxix j{

xi{djyx decy{dix tj hjg}ne j{ ig}fjii,x }axdhdne% Gyxt

ki n {ildxti{io ey{xi% Gn |j{b |dta _jqdhjfjl*Aldiei

tj {ihjledsi iepd{jegietnf `nhtj{x neo*j{ xt{ixxix de j{`{jg tai |j{b}fnhi tant gn hnyxi xdhbeixx dg}nd{io

ainfta j{ odxhjg`j{t ngjel tai |j{bi{x%

J{lnedsntdjenf Oipifj}giet &

I``ihtdpieixx

Xihy{dt

De`j{gntdje

Gnenligiet * 

_ihaejfjl !deti{enf$

N}}fdhntdjex Oipifj}giet Nenfsix ieanehix oipifj}x dextnffx tixtx neo gjod`dix

hjg}fiq ieti{}{dxi'|doi !deti{enf tj hjg}ne$ n}}fdhntdjex

xyha nx XN] ]ij}fixj`t j{ jtai{ Ieti{}{dxi [ixjy{hi

]fneedel n}}fdhntdjex yxdel adla fipif fnelynlix xyha nx

H"" pdxynf knxdh ith% Gn nfxj dehfyoi oipifj}giet j`

\ik Knxio n}}fdhntdjex%

Ontnknxi Nogdedxt{ntdje Yxdel X^F j{ `jy{ta liei{ntdje fnelynlix hjj{odentix tai

yxi j` ontn npndfnkfi ta{jyla n hjg}yti{dsio xxtig% Ojix

}i{`j{gnehi tyedel j` X^F deoiqix neo ontnknxix de

liei{nf% ]i{`j{gx ~ynfdt hjet{jf nyodtx tj iexy{i

nhhy{nh hjg}fitieixx neo }{j}i{ yxnli j` ontn de

tnkfix neo pn{djyx xy}}j{t tjjfx xyha nx ontnknxi

odhtdjen{dix% [ipdi|x ontnknxi oixdle neo detil{ntdje j`

xxtigx dehfyodel hfdiet*xi{pi{x gnde`{ngix ith% neo

gnbix {ihjggieontdjex {iln{odel ieanehigietx neo*j{

>=

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

dg}{jpigietx% Gn ixtnkfdxa neo gndetnde xihy{dt neo

detil{dt hjet{jfx% Gn oipifj} xtj{i }{jhioy{ix neo*j{

t{dlli{x% @j{gyfntix }jfdhdix }{jhioy{ix neo xtneon{ox

{ifntdel tj ontnknxi gnenligiet neo gjedtj{x

t{nexnhtdje nhtdpdt neo ytdfdsntdje%

De`{nxt{yhty{i

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>>

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

neo gndetnde gj{i i``ihtdpi ontn aneofdel hjepi{xdje

de}yt*jyt}yt {i~yd{igietx neo xtj{nli%

Xxtigx Ieldeii{del

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hjg}yti{ xxtigx neo eit|j{bx tj gndetnde xxtig

xihy{dt% \j{bx |dta hjggi{hdnf hjg}yti{ }{joyht pieoj{x

de tai oixdle neo ipnfyntdje j` xtnti'j`'tai'n{t xihy{i

j}i{ntdel xxtigx eit|j{bx neo ontnknxi }{joyhtx%

]{jpdoix xihy{dt ieldeii{del neo detil{ntdje xi{pdhix tj

deti{enf hyxtjgi{x% Depjfpio de n |doi {neli j` xihy{dt

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xihy{dt {i}j{tx tj {ilyfntj{ nliehdix xyha nx

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_ifihjggyedhntdjex

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nl{iigietx% Hjeoyhtx neo ipnfyntix xtnti'j`'tai'n{t

xin{haix neo de`{deligiet xin{haix% Gn }n{tdhd}nti de

fdtdlntdje% _}dhnff anx }nxxio tai Y%X% ]ntiet neo

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]{dpnh

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@nhdfdtdix Xi{pdhix Gndetndex kydfodelx neo l{jyeox de hfine j{oi{f hjeodtdje%

_{nex}j{tntdje Xi{pdhix ]fnex xhaioyfix neo {jytix dekjyeo neo jytkjyeo

ojgixtdh neo deti{entdjenf xad}gietx j` `{idlat yxdel

>;

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

bej|fioli j` }jxtnf {ilyfntdjex tn{d``x neo hjg}ne

}jfdh% Hjj{odentix |dta hn{{di{x nyodtx `{idlat kdffx

}{i}n{ix neo eiljtdntix hfndgx neo xifihtx j{

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han{lix neo ipnfyntix }nxt }i{`j{gnehi neo hjxt j`

t{nex}j{t%

Ieldeii{del Oixdlex kydfodel `nhdfdtdix i~yd}giet neo gnhadei{%

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xn`it neo noai{iehi tj n}}fdhnkfi kydfodel hjoix%

]dfjt ]fnet

Gndetienehi Hjext{yhtx gndetndex neo {i}nd{x ytdfdt xxtigx kydfodelxneo i~yd}giet%

Gney`nhty{del

Fjldxtdhx*Xy}}f Hande Oipifj}x neo nogdedxti{x detil{ntio fjldxtdhx xt{ntildix

dehfyodel xy}}f hande nhtdpdtdix `{jg }jdet j` gney`nhty{i

ta{jyla de`j{gntdje gnenligiet xy}}j{t oi}fjgiet

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}{j`dt `j{ hjg}ne neo hyxtjgi{% Iexy{ix tai iqihytdje

neo hjetdeyjyx dg}{jpigiet j` xtneon{o fjldxtdhx

}{jhixxix xyha nx tai {i}fiedxagiet xxtig ontn

deti{haneli xxtigx oigneo gnenligiet ifiht{jedh

ontn xxtigx nogdedxt{ntdje neo {ifntio `yehtdjex% Kydfox

{ifntdjexad}x |dta xt{ntildh hyxtjgi{x ta{jyla fjldxtdhx

dedtdntdpix% Detil{ntix fin{edel `{jg hyxtjgi{x hjg}itdtj{x

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]{jpdoix finoi{xad} tj nxxdleio xnfix ting k fipi{nldel

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}{jl{ngx neo dedtdntdpix |dta nxxdleio hyxtjgi{x de

xy}}j{t j` kyxdeixx l{j|ta% Xy}}j{tx kyxdeixx iqihytdje

j` ei| }{jl{ngx neo dedtdntdpix tant dehfyoi }{jgjtdjenf

nhtdpdtdix `j{ihnxt neo hjj{odentdje `j{ bi ipietx ei|

}{joyht fnyehaix neo eit|j{b {ioixdlex% Oipifj}x

xt{ntildh }fnex gjedtj{x bi }i{`j{gnehi deodhntj{x

nenfsix hjxt'tj'xi{pi }i{`j{gnehi ontn j{ nxxdleio

ti{{dtj{ neo hjj{odentix h{jxx `yehtdjenf |j{b tingx tj

deh{inxi i``ihtdpieixx j` xy}}f hande dedtdntdpix%Odxt{dkytdje

Depietj{ ]fneedel*Hjet{jf ]fnex neo*j{ hjet{jfx depietj{ j` `dedxaio ljjox `j{ xnfix

|n{iajyxix odxt{dkytdje hieti{x neo `nhtj{ gdqdel }jdetx

tj giit xnfix neo odxt{dkytdje oigneo% Nenfsix depietj{

fipifx depietj{ }jxdtdjedel neo }fneeio }{joyhtdje neo

xnfix `j{ihnxtx% Oipifj}x neo gndetndex de}ytx tj

hjg}yti{dsio depietj{ xxtig% Hjj{odentix fd~ydontdje

neo t{nex`i{ j` xtjhb tj {i`fiht hjxt nli neo oigneo%

Dedtdntix dggiodnti nhtdjex de jyt'j`'xtjhb xdtyntdjex%

>8

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

Hjj{odentix |dta t{n``dh }{joyhtdje }fneedel neo

|n{iajyxi }i{xjeeif tj iexy{i n}}{j}{dnti {jytdel

xhaioyfdel neo xtj{del j` ljjox%

]{joyhtdje ]fneedel ]fnex }{i}n{ix dxxyix neo hjet{jfx }{joyhtdje xhaioyfix

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}{joyhtdje `{jg ieldeii{del neo }{joyhtdje x}ihd`dhntdjex

neo xhaioyfix% Hjj{odentix gnti{dnf gjpigiet kit|iie

|n{iajyxi neo }{joyhtdje n{inx% Nopdxix gnenligiet j`

tai xtntyx j` |j{b de }{jl{ixx gnti{dnf npndfnkdfdt neo

}jtietdnf }{joyhtdje }{jkfigx tj iexy{i tant }i{xjeeif

i~yd}giet gnti{dnfx neo xi{pdhix n{i }{jpdoio nx

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gnti{dnf xy}}f neo oigneox2 }{i}n{ix |j{b j{oi{x j{

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xhaioyfi xaj} fjno neo depietj{ {i~yd{igietx2

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xhaioyfix neo iq}iodtix tai gjpigiet j` }n{tx k ginex

j` gjpi j{oi{x xtjhb t{nex`i{x neo {i~yixtx `j{ xad}}del

j{oi{x2 nenfsix depietj{ yxnli xh{n} neo xa{debnli

neo hjj{odentix ne n}}{j}{dnti nhtdje% Nxxdxtx

gnenligiet de {ixjfpdel }{jkfigx hjehi{edel

jpi{xad}gietx xaj{tnlix ieldeii{del hanelix neo

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}nhbnldel gnti{dnfx }n{tx xi{pdhix neo xy}}fdix

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de`j{gntdje `{jg }i{djodhnfx hntnfjlx neo jtai{ xjy{hix tjbii} de`j{gio je }{dhi t{ieox neo gney`nhty{del

}{jhixxix% Hje`i{x |dta pieoj{x neo nenfsix pieoj{x,

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oiti{gdeix fj|ixt hjxt hjexdxtiet |dta ~ynfdt {ifdnkdfdt

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}{j}jxnfx eiljtdntix }{dhix xifihtx j{ {ihjggieox

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pi{d`dix oifdpi{ n}}{jpix }ngiet neo gndetndex

eihixxn{ {ihj{ox%

Xt{ntildh Xjy{hdel Oipifj}x xykhjet{nht x}ihd`dhntdjex |j{b xtntigietx neo

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gnti{dnfx i~yd}giet neo xi{pdhix% ]{i}n{ix kdo

}nhbnlix hjeoyhtx kdooi{x, hje`i{iehix nenfsix neo

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nogdedxti{x {ixyftdel xykhjet{nhtx% Eiljtdntix neo

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}{jhioy{ix%

^ynfdt Nxxy{nehi Iexy{ix tant ~ynfdt hjet{jf }{jhioy{ix noi~yntif

ipnfynti ne j{lnedsntdje,x }{joyhtx% Oiti{gdeix d` hy{{iet

gitajox neo tihaed~yix {ixyft de giitdel {ifdnkdfdt

>?

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

xtneon{ox j{ {i~yd{i gjod`dhntdje% !Gj{i hjehi{eio |dta

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Hjg}fdnehi

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nhtdjex odx}jxdtdjex neo gjod`dhntdjex%

]{jl{ng Oipifj}giet * 

Gnenligiet

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}{joyhtx neo }{joyhtdje i~yd}giet% Oixdlex j{ x}ihd`dix

dex}ihtdje neo tixtdel gihanedxgx neo i~yd}giet2

hjeoyhtx ~ynfdt nxxy{nehi tixtx2 neo }i{`j{gx xtntdxtdhnf

nenfxdx tj nxxixx tai hjxt j` neo oiti{gdei tai

{ix}jexdkdfdt `j{ }{joyhtx j{ gnti{dnfx tant oj ejt giit

{i~yd{io xtneon{ox neo x}ihd`dhntdjex% Gn x}ihdnfdsi de

tai n{inx j` oixdle dehjgdel gnti{dnf }{joyhtdje hjet{jf}{joyht ipnfyntdje neo {ifdnkdfdt depietj{ hjet{jf neo*j{

{ixin{ha neo oipifj}giet nx tai n}}f tj ~ynfdt neo*j{

KFN,x !kdjfjldhnf fdhiexdel nl{iigietx$%

_ihaedhnf Xi{pdhix

^ynfdt Dg}{jpigiet ]{jhixx ]i{`j{gx j}i{ntdjex eihixxn{ tj oipifj} neo*j{ ipnfynti

}{jhixx ~ynfdt neo xxtig xtneon{ox tj iexy{i

hjg}fdnehi |dta hjg}ne xtneon{ox neo ljpi{egietnf

{ilyfntj{ {i~yd{igietx% Depixtdlntix*t{jykfixajjtx

pnfdontdje }{jkfigx `j{ i~yd}giet neo*j{ }i{`j{gnehi

>9

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

}{jhixxix2 hjeoyhtx xtntdxtdhnf nenfxix j` tixtdel {ixyftx

neo }{jhixx nejgnfdix2 |{dtix ojhygietntdje `j{ ei| neo

hy{{iet pnfdontdje }{jhioy{ix neo tihaedhnf {i}j{tx% Gn

nxxdxt |dta ixtnkfdxadel hj{}j{nti pnfdontdje }jfdhdix%

[ilyfntj{ N``nd{x [ix}jexdkfi j{ {ilyfntj{ hjg}fdnehi j` }ixtdhdoix neo*j{

jpi{'tai'hjyeti{ !J_H$ o{ylx yeoi{ tai @jjo neo O{yl

Nogdedxt{ntdje !@ON$ Iepd{jegietnf ]{jtihtdje Nlieh

!I]N$ Hjexygi{ ]{joyhtx Xn`it Hjggdxxdje neo jtai{

n}}fdhnkfi ioi{nf nliehdix% @nhdfdtntix }{j}jxio ioi{nf

{ilyfntdjex neo nopdxix je dg}nht j` xyha {ilyfntdjex je

tai hjg}ne% [ix}jexdkfi `j{ tai xykgdxxdje j` nopi{xi

{inhtdje {i}j{tx% ]{jpdoix nopdhi neo hjyexif |dta {ix}iht

tj }{joyht fnkifdel neo fdti{nty{i {ifntdpi tj hjg}fdnehi |dta

n}}fdhnkfi {ilyfntdjex% Hjffnkj{ntix |dta jytxdoi hjyexif

de {i}{ixietdel tai hjg}ne,x deti{ixtx% [i}{ixietx

hjg}ne de oinfdel |dta `ioi{nf nliehdix neo t{noi

nxxjhdntdjex%

Ljpi{egiet Fdndxje Jpi{xiix tai xykgdxxdje j` depixtdlntdjenf ei| o{ylx

!DEO,x$ ei| o{yl n}}fdhntdjex !EON,x$ kdjfjldh fdhiexdel

nl{iigietx !KFN$ }{jl{ixx {i}j{tx xy}}figietxngieogietx neo }i{djodh EON iq}i{diehi {i}j{tx%

Iexy{ix tant hfdedhnf t{dnf }{jtjhjfx n{i }{j}i{f oixdleio%

Iexy{ix {n}do neo tdgif n}}{jpnf je ei| o{ylx kdjfjldhx

j{ giodhnf oipdhix neo hjetdeyio n}}{jpio xtntyx j`

gn{bitio o{ylx j{ giodhnf oipdhix% Iexy{ix hjg}fdnehi

|dta @ON {ilyfntdjex neo deti{}{itntdjex% [ipdi|x

ipnfyntix neo hjg}dfix `dfix neo {i}j{tx `j{ xykgdxxdje%

Hjj{odentix neo gndetndex {i}j{tdel xhaioyfix `j{ ei|

o{yl n}}fdhntdjex !EON,x$ depixtdlntdjenf ei| o{yl !DEO,x$

neo kdjfjldh fdhiexdel nl{iigiet !KFN$ ejtdhix% Deti{nhtx

|dta {ilyfntj{ nlieh }i{xjeeif de j{oi{ tj iq}iodti

n}}{jpnf j` }ieodel n}}fdhntdjex%

Giodhnf * _ihaedhnf \{dtdel Iodtx {i|{dtix j{ jtai{|dxi }{i}n{ix j{ }ykfdhntdje

gneyxh{d}tx je hfdedhnf xtyodix neo xhdietd`dh {i}j{txdehfyodel x}ihdnf xyggn{dix `{jg {n| ontn `j{ xykgdxxdje

tj tai @jjo neo O{yl Nogdedxt{ntdje !@ON$ j{ `j{ de'

hjg}ne yxi gjejl{n}ax hjg}{iaiexdpi {ipdi|x

xhdietd`dh iqadkdtx neo jtai{ }{jcihtx {i~yd{del xbdff de

giodhnf hjggyedhntdje% Hjg}dfix nenfsix neo

xyggn{dsix noodtdjenf ontn `{jg jtai{ xjy{hix nx eiioio%

]{i}n{ix xnfix ioyhntdje gnti{dnfx neo gneynfx `j{ xnfix

}{joyht k{jhay{ix neo fdti{nty{i `j{ ei| }{joyhtx neo

{ipdxix iqdxtdel fdti{nty{i% \{dtix neo gndetndex `dfix je

de`j{gntdpi cjy{enf nkxt{nhtx nhhj{odel tj hy{{iet j{

ixtdgntio `yty{i eiiox% Hjg}jxix giodhnf }n}i{x `{jg

jytfdeix }{jpdoio k ojhtj{x `j{ }{ixietntdjex% Gn

}{i}n{i {ix}jexix {iln{odel hjg}ne }{joyhtx o{ylx j{

odxinxix neo {i`i{x de'oi}ta tihaedhnf de~yd{dix tj giodhnf}i{xjeeif% [i~yd{ix bej|fioli j` }{joyht n{inx hy{{iet

oipifj}gietx neo bii}del nk{inxt j` hy{{iet fdti{nty{i%

[ilyfntj{ Hjg}fdnehi Deti{}{itx `ioi{nf neo xtnti neo*j{ deti{entdjenf {ilyfntdjex

nx tai n}}f tj h{iodt j{ }{joyhtx }{jhixxix }{nhtdhix

neo }{jhioy{ix% Dg}figietx }jfdhdix neo }{jhioy{ix tj

iexy{i tant taixi n{i de hjg}fdnehi |dta tai n}}{j}{dnti

xtntytix neo {ilyfntdjex neo tant {ilyfntj{ {i}j{tdel

{i~yd{igietx n{i git% Depixtdlntix neo {ixjfpix

hjg}fdnehi }{jkfigx ~yixtdjex j{ hjg}fndetx {ihidpio

>0

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

`{jg jtai{ yedtx j` tai hjg}ne hyxtjgi{x ljpi{egiet

{ilyfntj{ nliehdix ith% Gn oipifj} neo dg}figiet

}{jl{ngx oixdleio tj deh{inxi ig}fjii n|n{ieixx neo

bej|fioli j` hjg}fdnehi }jfdhdix% Gn nyodt neo ipnfynti

hy{{iet }jfdhdix }{jhioy{ix neo ojhygietntdje `j{

hjg}fdnehi |dta ljpi{egiet fn|x neo {ilyfntdjex%

Xykgdxxdjex ]{i}n{ix xykgdtx t{nhbx deoiqix neo n{hadpix }n}i{ neo

ifiht{jedh DEO neo EON gndetienehi xykgdxxdjex

dehfyodel de`j{gntdje ngieogietx neeynf {i}j{tx

liei{nf hj{{ix}jeoiehi nopi{xi ipiet {i}j{tdel neo

}{jgjtdjenf gnti{dnfx% Xykgdxxdjex n{i }{joyhio |dta

ifiht{jedh }ykfdxadel tjjfx de hjg}fdnehi |dta ojhygiet

gnenligiet xtneon{ox% Gnenlix }{joyhtdje ^ynfdt

Hjet{jf neo oifdpi{ j` }n}i{ neo ifiht{jedh hjg}jeietx

j` nff xykgdxxdjex dehfyodel fn{li lfjknf gn{bitdel

nytaj{dsntdje n}}fdhntdjex j{dldenf DEOx neo ifiht{jedh

xykgdxxdje hnxi {i}j{t `j{gx }i{ @ioi{nf O{yl

Nogdedxt{ntdje !@ON$ neo DXJ {ilyfntdjex% Iexy{ix

{ixjy{hix n{i doietd`dio t{ndeio neo npndfnkfi tj bii}

[ixin{ha &Oipifj}giet

[ixin{ha

]{joyht Oipifj}giet

Haigdxt{ Xhdiehix Hjeoyhtx iq}fj{ntj{ {ixin{ha tj }{joyhi ei| bej|fioli

neo }jtietdnf }{joyhtx2 hjehidpix j{lnedsix }{jgjtix

neo iqihytix doinx neo }fnex tj deh{inxi haigdxt{,x {jfi

de neo hjet{dkytdje tj tai odxhjpi{ neo haigdhnf

n}}{jnhaix tj giit iq}fj{ntj{ jkcihtdpix de }{joyht

odxhjpi{% Oipifj}x {ixin{ha }{j}jxnfx tj }{jpdoi n

tihaedhnff neo ihjejgdhnff xjyeo knxdx j{ oipifj}del

neo ipnfyntdel ei| j{ dg}{jpio }{joyhtx }{jhixxix neo

nenftdhnf neo }axdhnf tixtdel tihaed~yix% [i}j{tx

}{jl{ixx j` {ixin{ha |j{b neo xdled`dhnehi j` tai {ixyftx%

[ihjggieox ytdfdsntdje j` tai {ixyftx j{ hanelix de taixhj}i j` |j{b%

Deti{odxhd}fdei & Gdxhiffneijyx

Xhdiehix

Dehfyoix kdjxtntdxtdhnf nenfsdel j` ontn de `difox j` knxdh

{ixin{ha {ifntdel tj tai fd`i }{jhixxix j` }fnetx nedgnfx

neo aygne2 {ixin{ha neo oipifj}giet nhtdpdtdix

hjehi{eio |dta tai haigdhnf kdjfjldhnf neo }axdhnf enty{i

j` `jjo%

]axdhnf Xhdiehix

Liei{nf Xhdiehix

Giodhnf Xhdiehix

Hfdedhnf * _ihaedhnf Ontn

Gnenligiet

_ihaedhnf Xi{pdhix

Giodhnf N``nd{x

Xnfix & Gn{bitdel

Kdox neo Hjet{nht

Nogdedxt{ntdje

Hyxtjgi{ Xy}}j{t Xi{pdhix Aneofix {jet'fdei hyxtjgi{ xi{pdhi neo hj{{ix}jeoiehi

nex|i{x }{joyht'{ifntio ~yixtdjex t{nhix fjxt xad}gietx

deti{}{itx neo hfn{d`dix hyxtjgi{ j{oi{x `j{ tai xad}}del

oi}n{tgiet tnbix j{oi{x jpi{ tai }ajei |aie eihixxn{

hje`i{x |dta gnenligiet {iln{odel hyxtjgi{ h{iodtx

{ity{ex ljjox `j{ h{iodt doietd`dix ~ynfdt nxxy{nehi

><

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

hjg}fndetx neo |{dtix }{dhi od``i{ietdnfx je gndf j{oi{x%

Gn n}}{jpi nffjhntdje j` xtjhb de xaj{t xy}}f x}ihdnf

}{dhi ~yjtntdjex neo kdox }{dhdel nffj|nehix oioyhtdjex

neo nocyxtgietx% Gn gnenli depietj{dix nt hyxtjgi{

`nhdfdtdix yxdel IOD !ifiht{jedh ontn deti{haneli$

`j{ihnxtdel {i}fiedxagiet neo depietj{ xxtigx jhyxdel

je xtjhb neo nffjhntdje dxxyix tj gnqdgdsi xi{pdhi fipifx%

Gn gnenli tai oipifj}giet }{jhixx `j{ tn{litio ei|

PGD !pieoj{ gnenlio depietj{$

Entdjenf Nhhjyetx ]n{tdhd}ntix de tai oipifj}giet neo xi{pdhdel j` entdjenf

nhhjyetx% Xtyodix gn{bitdel de`j{gntdje je kydel hieti{x

neo hande xtj{i fjhntdjex tj oiti{gdei noodtdjenf xnfix

eiiox% Hjetnhtx neo gnbix }{i}fneeio xnfix

}{ixietntdjex tj entdjenf neo fjhnf nhhjyetx% Nxxdxtx de

oipifj}del }{ixietntdje }nhbnli }{dhdel xt{yhty{i neo

ei| }{joyhtx% ]{jgjtix tai xnfi j` }{joyhtx tj ei| neo

ixtnkfdxaio entdjenf nhhjyetx tj nhadipi xnfix jkcihtdpix

neo l{inti{ gn{bit }ieit{ntdje% Hjggyedhntix gn{bitdel

de`j{gntdje tj tai `difo xnfix `j{hi `j{ `jffj|'je xnfix%

Xnfix Nogdedxt{ntdjeXnfix * Gn{bitdel Xi{pdhix

Xiffdel [ix}jexdkfi j{ tai xnfi j` hjg}ne }{joyhtx neo*j{

xi{pdhix tj nxxdleio nhhjyetx j{ |dtade n ldpie ti{{dtj{%

Gnbix neo oipifj}x hjetnhtx |dta iqdxtdel neo }jtietdnf

hyxtjgi{x% Nenfsix iqdxtdel neo netdhd}ntio hyxtjgi{

{i~yd{igietx neo }{jgjtix hjexdoi{ntdje j` hjg}ne

}{joyhtx neo xi{pdhix tj `dff xyha {i~yd{igietx%

]n{tdhd}ntix de tai }{i}n{ntdje j` xnfix }fnex neo

hng}ndlex kyxdeixx }fnex neo }{joyht oipifj}giet

}fnex% Hjeoyhtx xnfix }{ixietntdjex% Gndetndex y}'tj'onti

neo nhhy{nti xnfix {ihj{ox% Gndetndex tihaedhnf

}{j`dhdieh neo hjexyftx |dta }{jx}ihtdpi hyxtjgi{x

{iln{odel yxi j` hjg}ne }{joyhtx neo xi{pdhix% ^yjtix

}{dhix neo oifdpi{ ontix neo oigjext{ntix neo }{jpdoixdext{yhtdje je tai yxi j` }{joyhtx% Bii}x de`j{gio j` ei|

}{joyhtx neo jtai{ de`j{gntdje j` deti{ixt tj hyxtjgi{x%

Depixtdlntix ei| n}}fdhntdjex j{ dg}{jpigietx tj }{joyhtx%

]{jpdoix gn{bitdel detiffdliehi tj xnfix gnenligiet neo

gn }n{tdhd}nti de tai oipifj}giet j` xnfix `j{ihnxtx neo

xt{ntildix%

Nopi{tdxdel * ]{jgjtdjex ]fnex h{intix neo }{joyhix gn{bitdel nopi{tdxdel neo

xnfix }{jgjtdje gnti{dnfx tj dg}figiet gn{bitdel

xt{ntildix neo xnfix jkcihtdpix% ]{joyhix de`j{gntdjenf

gnti{dnf `j{ tai xnfix `j{hi neo `j{ hjggyedhntdjex giodn

tj {inha gnqdgyg eygki{ j` hyxtjgi{x neo }{jx}ihtx%

Gn ipnfynti neo gjod` }{jgjtdje j{ nopi{tdxdel

}{jl{ngx% ]{i}n{ix neo*j{ n}}{jpix nff tihaedhnf neo

n{tdxtdh }anxix j` tai `dedxaio }{jgjtdjenf gnti{dnf% Gn}i{`j{g hjj{odenti j{ jpi{xii nhtdpdtdix xyha nx fnjyt

xnfix bdt }{i}n{ntdje odx}fn n{{neligiet neo xnfix

jytfdei |{dtdel% Gn hjexyft |dta hjg}ne gnenligiet

}{joyht gnenli{x xnfix oi}n{tgiet neo nopi{tdxdel

nliehdix tj oipifj} neo dg}figiet }{jgjtdjenf }fnex neo

{ihjggieo xnfix }adfjxj}a n}}{jnha neo giodn% Gn

}y{hanxi }{jgjtdjenf gnti{dnfx dehfyodel kyt ejt fdgdtio

tj odx}fnx*xdlenli*}{i}nhbx }{jgjtdjenf }{detdel

hjy}jex }{igdygx n{t neo }ajtjl{n}a%

>1

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

]{j`ixxdjenf Xnfix

Hjggi{hdnf Oipifj}giet Doietd`dix neo dg}figietx hjggi{hdnf oipifj}giet

}{jcihtx {ifntdel tj ei| neo*j{ iqdxtdel tihaejfjldix j{

xi{pdhix dehfyodel hjggi{hi neo kyxdeixx t{nexnhtdjex%

Doietd`dix gn{bitx j}}j{tyedtdix neo oiti{gdeix tai

`inxdkdfdt j` }{joyht oipifj}giet% ]i{`j{gx ihjejgdh

nenfxix je ei| j{ dg}{jpio }{joyht j}}j{tyedtdix

kyxdeixx gjoifx neo hjj{odentix |dta deti{enf oi}n{tgietx

de doietd`del*dg}figietdel kyxdeixx oipifj}giet }{jcihtx%

Nopdxix j{ jktndex de`j{gntdje `j{ xnfix {iln{odel tai

pdnkdfdt j` ei| tihaejfjldix*xi{pdhix% Gn |j{b |dta xnfix

gn{bitdel neo }jtietdnf hyxtjgi{x tj oiti{gdei taid{

eiiox% Oipifj}x neo odxxigdentix de`j{gntdje je n

hjetdeyjyx knxdx tj nff }i{tdeiet }n{tdix hjehi{edel tai

`yf`dffgiet j` }{jciht ljnfx neo jkcihtdpix%

Gn{bit [ixin{ha [ixin{haix gn{bit hjeodtdjex de fjhnf {ildjenf j{ entdjenf

n{in tj oiti{gdei }jtietdnf xnfix j` n }{joyht j{ xi{pdhi%

]i{`j{gx nenfxix de tai n{inx j` }{joyht }{i`i{iehix

}jtietdnfx xnfix hjpi{nli gn{bit xdsi }ieit{ntdje

gn{bitdel }{nhtdhix neo t{ieox neo }{i}n{ix `j{ihnxtxneo {ihjggieontdjex% Bii}x de`j{gio nkjyt

oipifj}gietx de tai ljpi{egiet gdfdtn{ neo ihjejgdh

xhdietd`dh }jfdtdhnf deoyxt{dnf neo deti{entdjenf `difox nx

tai n}}f tj tai j{lnedsntdje,x `yty{i gn{bitdel }fnex%

Lntai{x ontn je hjg}itdtj{x neo nenfsix taid{ }{dhix

xnfix neo gitajo j` j}i{ntdje% Hjffihtx neo gndetndex

de`j{gntdje je tai {i~yd{igietx j{lnedsntdje kyolit neo

}{i`i{iehix j` }{jx}ihtdpi hyxtjgi{x% J{lnedsix

de`j{gntdje tj nxxdxt de nenfsdel `yty{i }{joyhtx neo

gnbix {ihjggieontdjex `j{ tai oipifj}giet j` ei|

}{joyhtx j{ xi{pdhix% Gn hjg}dfi neo nenfsi xtntdxtdhnf

ontn je }nxt xnfix neo t{ieox tj `j{ihnxt `yty{i t{ieox neo

xtnti'j`'tai'n{t hanelix%

Ei| ]{joyht Oipifj}gietK{neo * ]{joyht Gnenligiet

Xt{ntildh ]fneedel * 

Kyxdeixx Oipifj}giet

Nh~ydxdtdjex neo Fdhiexdel [ihjggieox hj{}j{nti jkcihtdpix neo fjel'{neli }fnex tj

nhadipi l{j|ta neo `denehdnf }{j`dtnkdfdt ta{jyla

nh~ydxdtdjex odx}jxnfx gi{li{x neo fdhiexdel

nl{iigietx% Doietd`dix depixtdlntix neo nenfsix

}jxxdkfi nh~ydxdtdje gi{li{ neo fdhiexdel j}}j{tyedtdix%

Nhtx nx hj{}j{nti {i}{ixietntdpi neo eiljtdntj{ de dedtdnf

hjetnht |dta hneodontix `j{ gi{li{ nh~ydxdtdje j{

fdhiexdel% Gjedtj{x gn{bitx deoyxt{dix hjg}nedix ith% j{

}jtietdnf nh~ydxdtdje deti{ixtx tj gndetnde ne y}ontio

de`j{gntdje knxi%

Kyxdeixx Oipifj}giet Ipnfyntix {ipdi|x neo }{jpdoix de}yt {iln{odel gncj{

gn{bitdel odxt{dkytdje neo gney`nhty{del }{j}jxnfx neo

taid{ dg}nht je tai xnfix `yehtdje% Ipnfyntix neo dedtdntix

hanelix je tai jeljdel }{jgjtdjenf l{do dehfyodel

x}ieodel fipifx tdgdel `{i~yieh ith% Hjj{odentix |dta

tai n}}{j}{dnti }i{xjeeif tj oiti{gdei tai fjxx*eit

{i~yd{igietx neo {ildjenf gn{bitdel nffjhntdje j`

n}}{j}{dnti tnhtdhnf `yeox% ]n{tdhd}ntix de tai hiet{nf

oipifj}giet neo dg}figietntdje j` ei| }{joyhtx

{ifnyehaix neo ei|'kyxdeixx'kydfodel'}{jl{ngx

>4

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@ngdf @yehtdje Oixh{d}tdje

dehfyodel }{jgjtdjenf l{do t{noi `yeodel dxxyix tant n``iht

k{neo }{j`dt neo fjxx2 }{j}jxio xnfix gnti{dnfx `nht kjjbx

xng}fix t{noi dehietdpix xnfix {ntdjenfi ith%

Hjj{odentix }{ixnfix giitdelx tj {ipdi| }{j}jxio }fne

neo }n{tdhd}ntix de `denf xnfix giitdelx% @yehtdjex nx

fdndxje kit|iie {ildjenf xnfix neo gn{bitdel `yehtdje%

Hjj{odentix depietj{ {ioyhtdje n``ihtdel in{f

}{j`dt*pjfygi ljnfx% ]{jpdoix neo*j{ dedtdntix xnfix

nenfxdx n``ihtdel odxt{dkytdje x}ieodel nx dt {ifntix tj

pjfygi k{neo }{jgjtdjenf xt{ntil neo xiffdel tjjfx%

Ei| _ihaejfjl Nxxixxgiet

Jythjgix [ixin{ha

Xt{ntildh ]fneedel Oipifj}x fjel'{neli jkcihtdpix neo xt{ntildh }fnex `j{

hj{}j{ntdje j{ gncj{ odpdxdje k doietd`del deti{enf neo

iqti{enf xt{ntildh dxxyix tant hjyfo n``iht l{j|ta neo

}{j`dtnkdfdt% Xhnex iepd{jegiet `j{ kyxdeixx j}}j{tyedtdix

gndetndex xy{pidffnehi jpi{ gn{bit neo gn }i{`j{g

`denehdnf nenfxdx j` nh~ydxdtdje hneodontix% Oipifj}x neo

gjedtj{x }{j`dtnkdfdt }{joyhtdpdt neo l{j|ta tn{litx% Gn

}{i}n{i nh~ydxdtdje }{j}jxnfx {ihjggieo denehdnf neoeje`denehdnf xt{ntildh jkcihtdpix neo nfti{entdpix neo

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