system analysis assignment

8/11/2019 system analysis assignment

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TASK

1) SDLC IS A STANDARD GUIDELINE IN DEVELOPING ANY NEW INFORMATION

SYSTEM. DISCUSS AND EXPLAIN THE STAGES INVOLVED IN SDLC

According to website (James, 2009) The systems development life cycle (S!") is a concept#al

model #sed inpro$ect management that describes the stages involved in an information system

development pro$ect, from an initial feasibility st#dy thro#gh maintenance of the completed

application%

&ased on my #nderstanding, S!" is the model that had been #sed by organi'ation or

management to develop an information system% t also can be described as the one of the detail

process that m#st need to follow the step in order to solve the problem% This model that been #sed bythe system analyst% ario#s S!" models have been created and also can be implemented s#ch as

waterfall model, prototyping, spiral model, rapid application development (*A) and etc% There are +

stages or steps that involved in the S!"% S!" stages incl#de the plannin! anal"#$! %$&in!

i'pl$'$n(a(in an% 'ain($nan*$.

SDLC P+a&$ O,-$*(i$

Plannin To identify the scope of the new system, ens#re

that the pro$ect is feasible, develop a sched#le,

reso#rce plan, and b#dget for the remainder of the

pro$ect%

Anal"&i& To #nderstand and doc#ment in detail the

b#siness needs and the processing re#irements

of the new system%

D$&in To design the sol#tion system based on the

re#irements defined and decisions made d#ring

analysis%

I'pl$'$n(a(in To b#ild, to test, and install a reliable information

system with trained #sers ready to benefit as

e-pected from #se of system%

Main($nan*$ To .eep the system r#nning prod#ctivity initially

and d#ring the many years of system/s lifetime%

NUR ABIDAH BT ZULKIFLI |SYSTEM ANALYSIS -22081Y 1
http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/project-managementhttp://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/project-management


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1.1) Plannin

According to the online article (ay, 2001) it states that planning stages in the S!" is to

establish a highlevel view of the intended pro$ect and determines its goals%

As we .now, 3lanning is the /i0&( &($pin the S!" steps% n this phase, before a program is created,

the organi'ation has to .now +a( (+$" an( ( *0$a($% n simple words, the ob$ective of the pro$ect

that needs to be done is determined and the re#irements to prod#ce the prod#ct are considered s#ch

as an estimate of reso#rces, s#ch as personnel and costs is prepared, along with a concept for the new

prod#ct% 3lanning also need beca#se ( $&(a,li&+$& a +i+2l$$l i$ / (+$ in($n%$% p0-$*( % The

company has #sed this stage ( %$($0'in$ (+$ n$$% / (+$ p0$&$n( / (+$ 'a03$(% So, the pro$ect can

,$ 04n &'(+l"in the ne-t phase after this phase%

4or the planning phase, the organi'ation m#st identify the b#siness val#e% The b#siness val#e here

means before the organi'ation want to do the pro$ect, what are the benefits that can give to the

organi'ation by ma.ing that pro$ect% The idea of ma.ing the pro$ect m#st be eval#ated again and

again% The pro$ect m#st be '$$( (+$ $n%24&$0 n$$%$%% &esides that, the company the #ite important

to developer that needs to .now is the /$a&i,ili(" &(4%" n (+$ p0-$*(% The main reasons for the

feasibility st#dies for the aimed at %$($0'inin 54i*3l" (+$ p0-$*( i(+ (+$ 0$a&na,l$ *&( i/ (+$

p0,l$' *an ,$ &l$%% 4or e-ample, the organi'ation m#st also interview the individ#als to get the

information abo#t their opinion if the pro$ect is ma.ing% The organi'ation also m#st ta.e a loo. the

possible competition that will happen if the pro$ect is done% After determine the b#siness val#e and

analy'e the feasibility, the organi'ation can develop the wor. plan% There is where the organi'ation

m#st ma.e an estimate of the pro$ect% Then, the organi'ation m#st staff the pro$ect% 5hich means

here, the organi'ation m#st have the systematic flow while ma.ing the pro$ect% The organi'ation also

m#st control the pro$ect from time to time%

There have fo#r factors that can be concl#de in the feasibility st#dies that s ($*+ni*al! p$0a(inal!

$*n'i*al an% &*+$%4l$%

According to the website (6, 2009), it states that feasibility st#dy is an analysis and eval#ation of a

proposed to determine if it (7) is technically feasible, (2) is feasible within the estimated cost, and (8)

will profitable% 4easibility st#dies are almost always cond#cted where large s#ms at sta.e%

4or the factors of the ($*+ni*al, is abo#t the problem that e-ists in the pro$ect can be solve% 4irstly the

organi'ation or developer m#st .now the so#rce that been #sing is #ite eno#gh is not in term of

hardware and software% This very important beca#se it can ma.e the organi'ation or developer is

.now that the hardware and software is available or can s#pport to do what are they needed% The



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hardware and software that implemented or #sing by the organi'ation is s#itable to #se it in term of

e-ist the technology or not%

e-t, for the factors p$0a(inal, we need to .now that beca#se it very important% This

factors are determined the system will receive s#pport from the people who operate it and also ma.e itwor.% This operational factor is e-ists when the pro$ect will operate and will be #sed after the

installation or the pro$ect wor.s% As we loo. as e-ample in the organi'ations, the team pro$ect that

will be s#bcon will handle to the installation of the wifi in the organi'ation s#ch as T: wor.ers%

Then the wifi are e-ist in will be #sed by the wor.ers in the organi'ations%

Another factors is $*n'i*al, this factors can be described as the li.ely benefits o#tweigh of

the cost of solving the problems% t can be determined by the money, people and time% 4or the money,

it can be generally described as the b#dget that will be #sing on the pro$ect% The developers m#st

.now the b#dget that will be #sing% t can minimi'e the cost if the developers .now that to handle

with b#dget brilliantly% 4or the people and time, the developers or organi'ations m#st .now the

e-pertise or people that have been #sing beca#se it can ma.e the time of the pro$ect is #ic.ly be done

witho#t any problem will be occ#r%

!astly, for the factors of &*+$%4l$in the feasibility st#dy is also important, the organi'ations need to

.now that the flow of the pro$ect% n ma.ing the pro$ect, the organi'ation m#st planning first the

sched#le of the time d#ration for the pro$ect %This is beca#se the organi'ation m#st .now this factor

beca#se any delayed that occ#r for the pro$ect will be affected the flow of the pro$ect%

So! (+i& p+a&$ i& $0" i'p0(an( in 0ani#a(in beca#se it is re#ired ( %$($0'in$ (+$ /$a&i,ili("

/ +$(+$0 (+$ p0-$*( &+4l% p0*$$% 0 n(% n this phase, the company m#st to .now the

feasibility of the pro$ect that sho#ld ongoing or not% f fail#re may occ#r on the planning phase, the

company sho#ld not to proceed with the pro$ect% n this step also, the company m#st determine the

information system that fit or s#itable to #se it% This is beca#se, by planning, the organi'ation can

have the systematic pro$ect%

1.6) Anal"&i&

According to the comp#terworld%com websites, it states that anal"&i&is refines pro$ect goals

into defined f#nctions and operation of the intended application% it is also abo#t to analy'es end#ser

information needs%

This is the second step that n$$%& ( ,$ /*4& a/($0 plannin.This step is involved *ll$*(in!

%$/inin an% ali%a(in /4n*(inal! &4pp0( and (0ainin 0$54i0$'$n(% This step is /*4&$& n

+a( (+$ &"&($' ill % in an effort that views all sta.eholders, incl#ding sponsors and potential



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#sers, as important so#rces of information% This phase sho#ld be based on the analysis of the end#ser

information% &ased on that, the organi'ation can ma.e the analysis abo#t what the end#ser needed%

To complete this step, the organi'ation needs to gather all the information abo#t the pro$ect need to be

done especially the end#ser information% &esides that, it also needs to create a process diagrams% n

this phase, the organi'ation really needs to foc#s abo#t what they really and end#ser really needed for

the pro$ect to refines pro$ect goals into defined f#nctions and operation of the intended application% %

5ith the description above, it can be simply that the analysis phase is for the information

gathering techni#es% This phase arise beca#se ( %$($0'in$ (+$ p0,l$' (+a( (+$ %$$lp$0& n$$%&

( /i7in order to ma.e s#re that the system will wor.% n simple it can be described as the pro$ect is

done with the problem are not occ#rred% The activities the done in completion the tas.s also will affect

the pro$ect beca#se i( ill 'ini'i#$ 0 0$%4*$ (+$ 0$%4n%an*" (+a( ill ,$ **400$% % This phase

also is important for the pro$ect beca#se it can give the alternative ways if the problem arises% That

beca#se, the developer will *0$a($ (+$ /l %ia0a' / (+$ p0-$*(% So, if the problem arises it can

be solved with the alternative ways that had been created%

The problem will be solved #sing the fact findings that had been so#ght thro#gh p0i'a0"

%a(a and &$*n%a0" %a(a. As we .now, collection of the primary data is the best so#rce of the

information% The e-ample of the method to ma.e the collection of the data is 54$&(innai0$!

in($0i$or,&$0a(in% ;sing this collection will be the best so#rce information gather beca#se the

developer or organi'ation will get the precise or basic data of information that they need% The

collection of the data that collected also will be #nbiased information for the pro$ect that will be

developed%

&esides that, the developer also can #se the &$*n%a0" &40*$as to facing the problem that

will be occ#rred s#ch as $o#rnal and internet% Secondary data can #s#ally be obtained '0$ 54i*3l"

an% a( l$0 *&( (+an p0i'a0" %a(a % So, it will c#t the cost that had been #sing to solve the

problem% ;sing secondary data also can ma.e sometimes provide data an individ#al company cannot

collect on its owninformation that either is not directly available or wo#ld be too e-pensive to collect

to overcome the problem%

1.8) D$&in

According to the comp#terworld%com website, it states that design is to describe desired

feat#res and operations in detail, incl#ding screen layo#ts, b#siness r#les, process diagrams,

pse#docode and other doc#mentation%



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This is the third phase need to be foc#s after analysis phase% n this phase, the organi'ation will design

the pro$ect that they want based on the planning and the analysis that had been done% There is many

costs will be #sed in this phase% The organi'ation need to design the system models% There will be the

e-pert person to be wor. in this phase%

n this phase, the main reason of the phase is arise beca#se it to describes how the proposed sol#tion is

to be developed% The sol#tion design is specific to the system/s technical environment and the tools to

be #sed in constr#cting the system% This phase also is to create a bl#eprint for the new system that

will satisfy the doc#mentation re#irements% There are two elements that need to be f#lfilled that are

logical and physical%

4or the logical elements, a logical element is the system is logic for the #ser% That/s mean that

the developer needs to .now the system are logic for the #ser or not% 4or the ill#stration, the

developer needs to find o#t the system that will be created and also will help to overcome the problem

that will be occ#rred% So, with the logic based that they have #sed it based on the information that

they get% They need to acc#rate determine the f#nction of the flow in the system% 5ith that, the

developers can fig#re o#t the flow of the pro$ect and system that will be operated%

e-t, the second elements are the physical element% This element is for the creation of

interface of the system design% 4or an e-ample, the physical element is important beca#se it can ma.e

the developer ill#strate or vis#ali'e the pro$ect that will be ongoing% To ma.e it easy, they will create

the flow chart or story board beca#se it will give them lot of advantages% 5ith the ill#stration, it will

help them to design the system and find o#t the f#nction of the system% This ill#stration also will help

them in order to avoid the error% 5ith this element, it will be foc#sed on the whole re#irement that

the system that will be create need% 5ith that, it will overcome the problem that will occ#r%

1.9) I'pl$'$n(a(in

According to the comp#terworld%com website, it states that implementation is abo#t to brings

all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then chec.s for errors, b#gs and

interoperability%

This is the forth phase need to be foc#sed after the design phase% mplementation is the fo#rth phase

of the systems development life cycle% mplementation proceeds after the system design phase has

ta.en place% The main reason for this stage is an implementation of the design specified in the design

doc#ment into e-ec#table programming lang#age code% This stage also is for the detection of errors in

the system% The testing process starts with a test plan that recogni'es testrelated activities% The code



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is tested against the design doc#ment created in the design phase% There are fo#r types of

implementation of the system which is (+$ Pil(! Pl4n$! Pa0all$land P+a&$%.

The first type is pilot, for this type the developer is trying o#t a new information system at

one site and #sing the e-perience to decide if and how the new system sho#ld be deployed thro#gho#tthe organi'ation% That/s mean the new system that will deploy will ma.e the b#siness r#n well with

the prod#ction also will better%

e-t, the type is pl#nge% n pl#nge, the developers will change over from the old information

system to a new one by t#rning off the old system when the new one is t#rned on% The developer also

m#st to ma.e s#re that the system that being #sing are contin#o#sly #pdated to avoid any problem

that will be occ#rred% That beca#se, with the contin#o#sly #pdated the system, it will ma.e the

b#siness r#n smoothly beca#se the system more sophisticated before this%

4or the third factor is parallel, the developer m#st r#nning the old information system and the

new one at the same time #ntil management decides the old system can be t#rned off% That beca#se,

the old system can be considered a bac.#p for the new system if there is a problem and also o#tp#t of

one system is compared to the o#tp#t of the other that which one is better% 5ith the parallel type that

implemented, it can ma.e the developers will be safest beca#se they already have the bac.#p if

anything bad will happen%

!astly, the type is phased, in this phase, the developer need to change from the oldinformation system to the new one incrementally (step by step), starting with one or a few f#nctional

components and then grad#ally e-tending the installation to cover the whole new system% 4or an

e-ample, as we can see in the 3:S, the installation of wifi in the certain part of area has been

done% After few months, the installation will be #pgraded and added to another place and also the

service is also provided widely% So, with this type, it can ma.e s#re that the developer can ma.e the

#sers can reap the benefits of part of the system before the entire system is completed%

1.:) Main($nan*$

!astly, the last phase is maintenance, after the developer are s#ccessf#lly implemented the

system, they m#st to be ma.e s#re that the system will be r#n on smoothly and the problem does not

happen% They need to always chec. and #pdate the system that had been their created%

4or the simple ill#stration, android software are #s#ally fast #pdated s#ch as gingerbread

version to $elly bean version beca#se it to ma.e s#re that their software are compatible with the latest

and #pdate smart phone or tablet to ma.e the gadget will be r#n fast and smoothly% This stage called

that maintenance beca#se it incl#de the #pgrading the system%



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:aintenance is very important phase in order to maintain the prod#ction r#n better with

sol#tion if any problem arises% 5ith the chec.ing #pdate time by time, developer will concern and

noticed that if any problem occ#r d#ring the system r#n% So, developers need to review and find the

sol#tion to overcome the problem% The main reason for the maintenance phase is developer will .now

abo#t the capabilities of their system% That/s mean the system is wor.ing efficiency and effectively or

not% 5ith the chec.ing or #pdated time to time, the developers can add the re#irement to ma.e their

system become efficient and effective% So, with that the system can be r#n smoothly witho#t any

problem%

can concl#de after listing all the phases in S!" is, S!" is create and design for the #ser

beca#se #sing this system can ma.e the res#lt #ality is better and can f#lfill the c#stomer wants% The

system that need to create m#st wor. effectively and efficiency, from that it can ma.e the system will

maintain to r#n and r#n smoothly witho#t any problem occ#r% f any problem, developer m#st need to

ma.e s#re their system will be maintained to solve that the problem%

FIGURE 1.1; S"&($' D$$lp'$n( Li/$ C"*l$


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6) THERE ARE A FEW MODELS IN DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEM. =ASED ON

THE SCENARIO A=OVE! WHICH MODEL OF SDLC IS THE =EST TO USE. GIVEYOUR

OPINION AND PROVIDE EVIDENCES TO SUPPORT YOUR SUGGESTION.

n the case of I&0a3 T$*+nl" S%n =+%they has appoint G%C0$ S/(a0$ S%n =+%to help

them develop a new information system, so to develop new system


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According to the >a'$& Ma0(in, 1??1, Rapi% Appli*a(in D$$lp'$n( i& a %$$lp'$n( li/$ *"*l$

%$&in$% ( i$ '4*+ /a&($0 %$$lp'$n( an% +i+$0254ali(" 0$&4l(& (+an (+&$ a*+i$$% i(+

(+$ (0a%i(inal li/$ *"*l$. I( i& %$&in$% ( (a3$ (+$ 'a7i'4' a%an(a$ / p$0/4l

%$$lp'$n( &/(a0$ (+a( +a& $l$% 0$*$n(l".

4rom the above definitions, it can be described as the development life cycle that has been

created and design to give lot of advantages to the #ser that #sed this model% t can be said that

beca#se (+i& '%$l +a$ ,$$n *0$a($% /0 i$ '4*+ /a&($0 %$$lp'$n( an% +i+$0 54ali(" 0$&4l(

(+an an(+$0 li/$ *"*l$ (+a( $7i&(% That beca#se, n *A models, the components or f#nctions are

developed in parallel% This is the incremental model design% RAD al& *0$a($ 'a3$ $na,l$& 54i*3

%$$lp'$n( / &/(a0$ p0%4*(& ," 4&in C'p4($0 Ai%$% S/(a0$ Enin$$0in


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As we .now that


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*A concentrates on the delivery of the prod#ct and involves the client from the start and foc#ses on

the client/s needs, #ses an incremental approach, .eeps the pro$ect plan #pdated, applies development

f#ndamentals, and manages ris.s to avoid any problem happen% @ther than that sra. Technology Sdn

&hd want the system to be ready #rgently so it is one of the cl#e that


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8) FROM THE MODEL


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FIGURE 1.:; T+$ pi*(40$ / Rapi% Appli*a(in D$$lp'$n(


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FIGURE 1.; T+$ Pi*(40$ /

Wa($0/all M%$l

T+$ *'pa0i&n ,$($$n Rapi% Appli*a(in D$$lp'$n( M%$l! Wa($0/all M%$l an%

P0(("pin M%$l;

C0i($0ia Rapi% Appli*a(in

D$$lp'$n( M%$l

P0(("pin M%$l Wa($0/all M%$l

P0-$*( &i#$ "an handle large pro$ect "an handle large pro$ect S#itable for small pro$ect

Ti'in Short Short !ong

C&( "heap 6-pensive "heap

U&$0 inl$'$n( n all stages esign and analysis phase mplementation phase

I'pl$'$n(a(in

&(a$

4ollow all steps in

S!" (parallel)

"an be t#rning bac. inprevio#s phase%

4ollow common steps

in S!"%

"an be t#rning bac. indesign phase%

4ollow common steps

in S!"%

"annot be t#rningbac. in previo#s

phase%

TA=LE 1; Di//$0$n*$& ,$($$n Rapi% Appli*a(in D$$lp'$n( M%$l! P0(("pin M%$l an%

Wa($0/all '%$l.

4rom the table above, it shown the point of comparison between *A model, 3rototyping

and 5aterfall :odel, this differences have been divide by some criteria that is pro$ect si'e, timing,

cost, #ser involvement and implementation stage%

4or the first criteria, the characteristics are pro$ect si'e% 4or the RAD '%$l, this model can

handle the large pro$ect% That beca#se, this model is #ses the all people or #ser to implement this

model% So, it can ma.e the system that will develop to the end#ser% This model also is mostly s#itable

for the large pro$ect beca#se, if there have any errors on phase, it can be t#rning bac. to the previo#s



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phase to solve that problem% 4or the prototyping, this model also can handle for the large pro$ect, that

beca#se if there any error for the implementation stage for this pro$ect, it can be t#rning in design

phase to solve that problem% So, based on that, this model will can be handle for the large pro$ect as

beca#se the end#ser had involved at the earlier stage%

"ompare with the a($0/all '%$l, this model are s#itable for the small pro$ect% t can be described

that beca#se this models are allowed the #ser to complete the stage by stage% This model are cannot

the #ser to t#rn on the previo#s stage if there have the problem% So, it ma.e this model are s#itable for

the only small pro$ect%

e-t, the criteria that will be disc#ssed are timing, for the *A, the timing for this model is

short% That beca#se, it involved all the #ser or e-pertise to design and create abo#t the system that will

develop% They will meeting and give o#t the opinion to create the system% The model also can be

t#rning bac. ma.e this model are short time beca#se if there have problem, it will be fi-% 4or the

prototyping model, this model also is short time to develop it% That beca#se, according to the

definition that disc#ss above, #ser .eep the feedbac., so if there have any problem or b#gs, it will be

fi- at the design stage% So this model allowed the #ser to b#ild the system in the short time% "ompare

to the waterfall model, it will be ta.e a long time to create the system% That beca#se, this models has

to follow stages by stages% t not allowed the developer to reedit the system that want develop% So, it

will ma.e the long time period beca#se it want to ma.e the #ser had to finish the stages first%

The third criteria is cost, for the *A, the cost is lower, beca#se this models needs all the

e-pertise to create the model, so it can prod#ce the #ality res#lt% t will save the cost beca#se if there

any error also, the errors will be fi- with the lower cost% "ompare to the 3rototyping model, it

involved a higher cost% That beca#se this model is needs to prod#ce a cost to b#ild the model first to

be test for the end#ser% This model also higher cost beca#se if there any problems, it need to be

solved first then it will ma.e the lot of cost for the developer to fi- it based on the model prototyping

that had been made% 4or the waterfall model, the cost is lower b#t it also can be higher d#e of several

factors% 5hen the problem e-ist, the developer need to fi- #ntil the problem are fi-ed% That beca#se,

in this model to proceed to another stages, it m#st f#lfill or complete the stages first%

4or the fo#rth criteria, the criteria are #sers/ involvement, for the *A, this model are

allowed #ser to involve in all stages% So, it will ma.e the system will be developed with the higher

#ality% 4or the prototyping model, the #sers had involved in two stages that is planning stages and

analysis stages% That beca#se, this #ser has to involve in two stages to create the prototyping to give at

the #ser% t will ma.e the system that will b#ild meet the satisfaction for the #ser% 4or the waterfall

model, the #ser is only involved at the implementation stage%



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That beca#se, at this stage, the system will be tested with the #ser environment% So, it will ma.e this

model are #ite hard to give the f#lly satisfaction for the #sers%

!astly, for the last criteria are implementation stages% 4or the *A, this model m#st be

following all steps in S!"% t this model will be advantage beca#se this models are allowed thedeveloper to t#rning bac. in previo#s phase if there any problems% This model also has the

prototyping to give the #sers test the system% That will ma.e the system meet the re#irement that

#sers needs% So, it will ma.e this model really save time and money% "ompare to prototyping model,

this model m#st be follow common steps in S!"% At the planning and analysis phase, the

prototyping will be ma.ing and it contin#es to another stage #ntil the system developed% t if there

any problem occ#rred, this model is can be t#rning bac. in design phase% 4or the waterfall model,

implementation of stages also commonly follows step by step in S!"% The stages also m#st be

complete to go thro#gh to another phase% The phase cannot be t#rning bac. to the previo#s% So it will

ma.e this system inefficient beca#se if there have problems, the problems can be solved after all the

phase is complete in S!"%

So, from the above e-planation, it had shown the comparison between *apid Application

evelopment, 3rototyping and 5aterfall model% After ma.e some comparison, it shown that the *A

is still lot of advantages for the


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CONCLUSION

n concl#sion from the research that has been made abo#t S!" we can .now that the str#ct#re

imposed by this S!" is specifically designed to ma-imi'e the probability of a s#ccessf#l

software development effort% To ma.e a good system, when rely on S!" it will provide an

e-traordinary res#lt beca#se we .now that thro#gh S!" the developer will go thro#gh each of

the phase and it will give them a good res#lt from the analysis that they have made in each of the

phase% So here S!" is important to the developer and with S!" it will bring the create great

o#tp#t res#lt beca#se S!" also provides a detailed g#ide to help system developer to all aspects

of T system development, regardless of the system si'e and scope%

@ther than that S!" also cooperation with all people involve for normally it will involve the third

party to gain more information abo#t the system that will be prod#ce and thro#gh these

cooperation it will give e-tra scope of idea to the developer to create the system and at the same

way it will help the developer f#lfill the re#irements easily% So what we can concl#de here is

S!" need to be #sed by all the system analyst so that it will give a clear view abo#t the system

that they need to create beca#se S!" g#ide them in every phase and it ma.e the systematic

arrangement of the process the system will be created%

@ther than that what can concl#de here is regarding the *A model that have been s#ggest to


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REFERENCES

, J% (2009, :ay 79)% TechTarget% *etrieved from systems development life cycle (S!")B

httpBCCsearchsoftware#ality%techtarget%comCdefinitionCsystemsdevelopmentlifecycle

6,

system analysis assignment

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