synthesis of γ-diketones by the method of conjugated hydrogenolysi s

2
SYNTHESIS OF )'-DIKETONES BY THE METHOD OF CONJUGATED HYDROGENOLYSIS (UDC 542.97) N. I. Shuikin, I. F. Bel'skii, R. A. Karakhanov, and A. A. Nazaryan N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, USSR Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 750-751, April, 1964 Original article submitted August 12, 1963 As was shown in our previous works [1, 2], 7-diketones (III) are formed together with tetrahydrofurans (IV) in the hydrogenation of 7-furylalkanols (I) in the vapor phase H~ , Pt~-C --C--c-- --C--C-- --R :"- C'--C--C--C--C--c--C--R c-c- -R ~zo. L oH OH .J "2 II II OH 0 0 (I) (it) ~-H2o (m:~ fly) c--c--c R Since there is a reversible process (II) ~(III) in the reaction zone, which is substantially influenced by the tempera- ture, obviously, the condition promoting the formation of ?~-diketones is increased temperature. Actually, at 200- 230 ~ diketones are practically not formed, while tetrahydrofurans are obtained in high yields 70-90%)[1]. Al- though increasing the temperature promotes the formation of diketones, however, it is impossible to significantly increase their yield in this way, in view of the reversibility of the reaction (II) ~(III) and the irreversibility of the reaction (II)~(IV). The average yield of 7-diketones on Pt-C at 300 ~ is only 30-35% As for the structure of the 7 -diketones formed, hydrogenolysis of the furan ring in (I) at the C-O bond away from the substituent leads to di- ketones containing the n-propyl and alkyl (R) radicals outside the dicarbonyl group. This work established the possibility of synthesizing 7-diketones by the method of conjugated hydrogenolysis, consequently of more varied structure, since in this case methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl groups are formed from the carbon atoms of the furan ring t Ni--AI, H 2 ~ 240" -s-X;'2/~-C--C--~ - R - Bond cleavage OH R :CHa , C2H s 1,5 C--C--C--C--C--C--C--R O ,5-4,s C--C--C--C--C--C--R 1 I 0 0 O . O Conjugated hydrogenolysis occurs in the case of hydrogenation in the vapor phase on a skeletal Ni--A1 catalyst. How- ever, h'ere too the summary yield of all three diketones does not exceed 30-35%. The bulk of the catalyzate is made up of homologs of furan and tetrahydrofuran [3]. EX PERIMENT A L 1-Furylalkanols-3 were produced by hydrogenation of furfurylidenemethyl alkyl ketones in an autoclave at 120-130 ~ on a skeletal Cu-A1 catalyst [4]. The preparation of the skeletal Ni-A1 catalyst was described earlier[5]. 697

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Page 1: Synthesis of γ-diketones by the method of conjugated hydrogenolysi s

S Y N T H E S I S OF ) ' - D I K E T O N E S BY THE M E T H O D

OF C O N J U G A T E D H Y D R O G E N O L Y S I S

(UDC 542.97)

N. I . S h u i k i n , I . F. B e l ' s k i i , R. A. K a r a k h a n o v , a n d A. A. N a z a r y a n

N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, USSR Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 750-751, April, 1964

Original a r t i c le submitted August 12, 1963

As was shown in our previous works [1, 2], 7-d ike tones (III) are formed together with tetrahydrofurans (IV) in the hydrogenation of 7-furyla lkanols (I) in the vapor phase

H~ , Pt~-C - - C - - c - - - - C - - C - - - - R :"- C ' - - C - - C - - C - - C - - c - - C - - R

c-c- -R ~ z o . L oH OH .J "2 II II OH 0 0

(I) (it) ~-H2o (m:~

f ly ) c - - c - - c R

Since there is a reversible process (II) ~(I I I ) in the react ion zone, which is substantially influenced by the t empera - ture, obviously, the condition promoting the formation of ?~-diketones is increased temperature. Actual ly, at 200- 230 ~ diketones are prac t ica l ly not formed, while tetrahydrofurans are obtained in high yields 70-90%)[1]. Al -

though increasing the temperature promotes the formation of diketones, however, it is impossible to signif icantly increase their y ie ld in this way, in view of the reversibi l i ty of the reaction (II) ~ ( I I I ) and the i rreversibi l i ty of the react ion ( I I )~ ( IV) . The average yie ld of 7-diketones on P t - C at 300 ~ is only 30-35% As for the structure of the 7 -diketones formed, hydrogenolysis of the furan ring in (I) at the C - O bond away from the substituent leads to di- ketones containing the n-propyl and alkyl (R) radicals outside the dicarbonyl group.

This work established the possibil i ty of synthesizing 7-diketones by the method of conjugated hydrogenolysis, consequently of more var ied structure, since in this case methyl , ethyl, and n-propyl groups are formed from the carbon atoms of the furan ring

t

Ni - -A I , H 2 ~ 240"

-s-X;'2/~-C--C--~ - R - Bond c l e a v a g e OH

R : C H a , C2H s

1,5 C--C--C--C--C--C--C--R

O , 5 - 4 , s C--C--C--C--C--C--R

1 I 0 0

O . O

Conjugated hydrogenolysis occurs in the case of hydrogenation in the vapor phase on a skeletal Ni--A1 catalyst . How- ever, h'ere too the summary yield of a l l three diketones does not exceed 30-35%. The bulk of the ca ta lyza te is made up of homologs of furan and tetrahydrofuran [3].

EX P E R I M E N T A L

1-Furylalkanols-3 were produced by hydrogenation of furfurylidenemethyl alkyl ketones in an autoclave at 120-130 ~ on a skeletal C u - A 1 catalyst [4]. The preparation of the skeletal N i - A 1 catalyst was described ear l ier[5] .

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Page 2: Synthesis of γ-diketones by the method of conjugated hydrogenolysi s

Yield and Properties of 7/-Diketones

7 -Dike- tones

Hexane-

d i o n e - 2 , 5

Heptane- dione-2,5

Octane- dione-2,5

Octane- dione-3,6

Nonane- dione-3,6

lqeld, %

12

10--t~

t3

7

13

B.p., ~ mm of mercury)

20 nD

20 d 4

t 194--t95(76t)/t, 4472 O, 999~

/ 76--77(tl) ~ ] 83--84(tt) 11,446610,932~

86--87(tt) 1t,442510, 9652

9 2 - - 9 3 ( I I ) , / - - I -

MR

Foun+a lc ,

Found, % Calc., %

C H O II

M.p. of crys- talline der- ivatives, ~

30,5129,9263,t8 8,7263, t3 8,83

34,6334,5465,67 9,41 65,591 9,47

,3o,7o,7,,,, / t

Disemi- carbazone 222-223

Oisemi- carbazone 175 -176 Dioxime 167 -168

Conjugated Hydrogenolysis of 7"Furylalkanols. The initial ?/-furylalkanols- l-furylbutanol-3 and 1-furyl- pentanol-3, in amounts of 2000 g, were delivered to the skeletal Ni-A1 catalyst from an automatic burette with a space velocity of 0.1 h -1 at 240 ~ After separation from water and drying with calcium chloride, the catalyzates were distilled on a column with an efficiency of 40 theoretical plates. The fractions corresponding to the homologs of furan and tetrahydrofuran were subjected to hydrogenation on palladium-plated charcoal in the vapor phase at 150 ~ After distillation on the column, 2,5-dimethyl- , 2-methyl -5-e thyl - , and 2-methyl-5-n-propyltetrahydro- furans were isolated from the catalyzate of 1-furylbutanol-3 in a total yield of 65-70% while 2-methyl -5-e thyl - , 2,5-diethyl-, and 2-ethyl-g-n-propyhetrahydrofurans, the properties of which were published earlier by one of he authors [3], were isolated from the catalyzate of 1-furylpentanol-3 in the same yield.

The fractions with boiling points above 190 ~ (30~ contained mixtures of three ),-diketones: hexanedione-2,5, heptanedione-2,5, and octanedione-2,5 from (1-furylbutanol-3), and heptanedione-2,5, octanedione-3,6 and non- anedione-3,6 from (1-furylpentanol-3). The diketones were isolated in the pure form by fractionation on an effi- cient column under reduced pressure. Their yields and properties are cited in the table.

S U M M A R Y

lrFurylbutanol-3 and 1-furylpentanol-3 undergo conversions as the result of conjugated hydrogenolysis with hydrogenation in the vapor phase on skeletal Ni-A1 at 240~ former to hexanedione-2,5, heptanedione-2,5, and octanedione-2,5 in a total yield of 30%, the latter to heptanedione-2,5, octanedione-3,6 and nonanedione-3,6, in the same total yield.

L I T E R A T U R E C I T E D

1. I .F . Bel'skii and N. I. Shuikin, Dokl. AN SSSR 128, 945 (1959). 2. I .F . Bel'skii and R. A. Karakhanov, Izv. AN SSSR, Otd. Khim. N. 1962, 907. 3. I .F . Bel'skii, Izv. AN SSSR, Otd. Khim. N. 1962, 142. 4. N . I . Shuikin and I, F. Bel'skii, Dokl. AN SSSR, 131, 109 (1960). 5. N . I . Shuikin and I. F. Bel'skii, Dokl. AN SSSR 115, 330 (1957).

All abbreviations of periodicals in the above bibliography are letter-by-letter transliter-

ations of the abbreviations as given in the original Russian journal. Some or all of this peri-

odical literature may well be available in English translation. A complete list of the cover-to-

cover English translations appears at the back of this issue.

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