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Symposium to HonorHerman Winick

THE EARLY YEARS

Ewan Patersonand

Friends

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INTRODUCTION• Herman was born in 1932• I have known Herman since 1963• We have worked together on and off during

these 49 years• This is probably longer than anyone here

(outside of the family) and I therefore have the honor of talking about some of these early years together.

• Let us begin before I knew Herman

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~1935

A young Herman who appears just a little concerned. A rare condition!

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~ 1947

Some years later we have Herman showing much more self assurance?

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~1952

Note the pipe!

Herman trying to look like an upcoming young physicist.

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He made it!Herman’s Thesis 1957

Phys. Rev. 109, 1733–1749 (1958) Interactions of 38- and 61-Mev Positive

Pions in DeuteriumSubmitted by H. Winick in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University.

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He Moved to the CEA in 1959

• The Cambridge Electron Accelerator• Being built and operated by Harvard and MIT• Director M. Stanley Livingston• At that time it was being finished and

commissioned• It was the highest energy electron accelerator

before the monster SLAC

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The HARVARD CRIMSONSaturday, November 28, 1959

• Electron Accelerator Begins Fundamental Operations

• Construction is now under way on the final stages of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, M. Stanley Livingston, its director, said yesterday.

• Although the synchrotron, or electron accelerator, has been in operation since September, several secondary projects remain to be finished.

• When completed, it will be the only machine of its kind enabling study of the laws of nuclear forces through the scattering of such high energy electrons.

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The CEA A brief history by Herman Winick

50 yrs

HW to SSRP

Let’s try and forget EP & HW10/2/2012

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Only the Experiment Hall survives today both above and below ground. A warehouse with a 50 ton crane!

The other buildings have been replaced.

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I Joined the CEA Staff in 1963Just like Herman, 1 year after my PhD

• My job (50% time) was to develop the accelerator external beams for experiments

• I had to work with Operations Group led by HW• I had to work with Vacuum Group led by HW• First impression of Herman Winick• Fun, Fantastic Energy and Enthusiasm and nothing has changed in 49 years

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CEA & SLAC Storage Ring Proposals• In 1964 and in 1965 both CEA and SLAC proposed E+ E-

Colliding Beam Storage Rings at 3 GeV per beam• In 1965 an AEC committee chaired by Jackson Laslett

reported out in favor of SLAC with its superior injector “the monster” and John Rees left CEA and joined Richter at SLAC

• But no funds were forthcoming!!• In fact quoting Richter, “ In 1966 the proposal was submitted

for the third time……..and it was not funded. Similarly in 1967, 1968.1969 and 1970, in spite of increasingly strong support from the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, no construction funds were available.”

• An historical review would say that all of this was to the benefit of “Photon Science” in the long run. See later

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The Norman Ramsey Challenge• A case of Champagne for getting Harvard back into the

Colliding Beam business• Herman and I were part of the small team of physicists and engineers, led

by Gus Voss and Ken Robinson, that pulled together many crazy ideas and inventions to convert the CEA to an e+ e- Colliding Beam Storage Ring

• These were presented to the world at HEACC 67 hosted by CEA “6th International Conference On High-Energy Accelerators”

The Colliding Beam Project At The Cambridge Electron Accelerator. A. Hofmann, R. Little, H. Mieras, J.M. Paterson, K.W. Robinson, G.A. Voss, H. Winick.

The oral presentation was politely received!

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Most of the Accelerator Team in ≈ 1967

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Changes included :- NEW E+/- INJECTORS, MULTI-CYCLE INJECTION, DAMPING MAGNETS, NEW VACUUM SYSTEM, BYPASS, ETC-ETC

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The CEA Low Beta Bypass

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The Bypass On-line DetectorBOLD The name fitted the project!

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The CEA Colliding Beam Project Operating Cycle

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Vacuum System Upgrade Herman Winick in charge

Old chambers were S.S. rings covered with fiberglass and epoxy. Not exactly UHV specifications!

New chambers were ceramic as shown with conductive coating (used for bakeout and ion clearing) and with built in synchrotron stops.Other components e.g. cavities, straight sections were removed cleaned and baked.

The vacuum system was state of the art and was not an impediment to colliding beam performance or would have been as a future light source.

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Innovative & Complex Operation!!!• New injector with positrons• New Damping Magnet System• New Vacuum System• New Bypass with Low Beta Collision Point• New Fast + DC Switching System, Diagnostics, etc, etc

≈ 1969-70 Budget cuts forced closure of the physics research programs and this project is under pressure from funding projections and the outlook at that West Coast laboratory. A small team with great spirit took on the challenge with the attitude that :-

The difficult we will fix today and tomorrow we will do the impossible!

WE DID IT and published physics at 2 + 2 GeV (1972) and 2.5 + 2.5 (1973).

BEFORE SPEAR!10/2/2012

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J Rees Quote from the “History of E+/- Storage Rings”

And even then the luminosity of CEA was not limited by the beam-beam limit; it was limited by the incredible complexity and difficulty of the CEA operating cycle. I think that the saga of CEA is the Book of Job of the accelerator builders. They were afflicted by every handicap that could have been visited upon them, yet they persevered, and in the end the Lord loved them and they got the right value of R. Of course nobody believed it. The machine was too hard to operate!

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A not uncommon scene in the CEA Control Room! We celebrated every small success to keep going.

Norman Ramsey’s case of Champagne had to be replaced more than once10/2/2012

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CEA Data and First Scan at SPEAR

Total energy scan at SPEAR took less time than each CEA data point!10/2/2012

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Progress at SLAC

• SPEAR was being re-designed every year to improve it and reduce the cost.

• Lot’s of support from Committees but no funds appropriated!• By 1969 the location had moved from the 2/3 point of the

linac to the end, in the research yard. At least above ground!

• It was still a double horizontal asymmetric ring design with low beta IR’s and large crossing angle. Not good geometry for future beam lines!

• Then it changed from a project to an experiment with a single ring , on the surface of a parking lot, covered by movable shielding blocks.

Much better design for the future development of SR beam lines and low cost facilities but not for that reason.

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BACK at CEA• We knew the lab was doomed to close but we had to

get some physics out to justify our efforts.• Meanwhile Herman had become interested in the

use of synchrotron radiation from storage rings, a field in its infancy.

• He began pouring his energy and enthusiasm into developing a proposal to use CEA as a dedicated source in the future.

• Working with others at Harvard he developed a first focused X-ray beam line at CEA

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Developed in 197210/2/2012

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Excerpts from a 1972 paper

“SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AT THE CAMBRIDGE ELECTRON ACCELERATOR“

Herman Winick

• It has now been converted to an e+e storage ring colliding beam machine and has recently completed an experiment2 at Ecm = 2 + 2 GeV. A final experiment at Ecm = 2.5 + 2.5 GeV is in progress, after which the colliding beam physics program will be terminated because higher luminosity is available from the storage ring SPEAR.

• A proposal to operate the CEA as a National Laboratory dedicated to the use of synchrotron radiation for research in physics, chemistry, biology, and medical diagnostics, is now under consideration by the NSF. This proposal projects the installation of many additional beam runs and "wiggler" magnets In the target area, a 35-ft x 130-ft fully equipped experimental hall.

• This paper was ahead of its time but it was too big a first step for the NSF

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The Result

•They said we need someone to lead the building of BL1

•I said “I know the right man for the job”

•Herman was invited to SLAC for an interview10/2/2012

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My Recollection of that Visit• Herman came for an interview , staying with my

wife and I in Sharon Heights• We returned home in the evening and Herman

made two phone calls, one to Renee and one to get on a Red Eye flight to Boston

• I got him to SFO in 30 mins and I could tell from his excitement and energy level that allowing for some promise of job security for the longer term, at least more than 2 years, then :-

Herman was coming to SSRP/SLAC/Stanford. And the rest is history to be covered by others but just a little

more history from me!10/2/2012

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Herman’s Records at CEA/Harvard

Series: UAV 257.295.1 Individual scientists' files, ca. 1954-1974 (2 cubic feet in 6 containers) Access Restrictions: These files are restricted for 80 years.

• Scope and Content: There files contain correspondence concerning research projects, family life, and immigration issues, as well as resumes and documents relating to appointments.

• Box 6 Winick, Herman and I am in Box 5 Paterson, J.M.• They are still safe for more than 30 years and probably in the

Experimental Hall which is in use by Harvard for storage.

Cambridge Electron Accelerator (Cambridge, Mass.) Records of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator : an inventory

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The Start of SSRP Construction in ‘73. Much less expensive than underground facilities would have been with earlier SPEAR designs.

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Herman Joins the Team

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A “bright” future for SSRP.

But see the next slide

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The START of SSRP as seen by Herman with notes by Ewan

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(Good beginning)

(But there are some suspicious data runs!)

(This is why our (CEA) data points were so high and correct!)

No hard X-rays but :- a PSI, PSI-prime, Charm Threshold and a TAU Lepton

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

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WWEWE ARE GOING TO NEED WIGGLERS SOON

WEWe could have run the CEA at 1.55 GeV

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PsiPsi discovered by Richter (on right) and the SLAC/LBL Collaboration in November ‘74

What were Herman and I thinking?

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CONGRATULATIONS HERMAN

In 1973 I said “I know the right man for the job”. You proved me correct and I can still say it today. So what is next, Herman?

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