symbiosis
DESCRIPTION
Symbiosis. Symbiosis. Living closely together A partnership Two different species. Animal Kingdom Examples. Nile crocodile & crocodile bird Hermit crab & sea anemone Buffalo & oxpecker Shark & remora fish. Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone. Hermit crab Protection from the Sea anemone - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Symbiosis
Symbiosis
• Living closely together
• A partnership• Two different species
Animal Kingdom Examples
• Nile crocodile & crocodile bird
• Hermit crab & sea anemone
• Buffalo & oxpecker
• Shark & remora fish
Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone
• Hermit crab– Protection from the
Sea anemone
• Sea anemone– Gets leftover food
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Buffalo & Oxpecker
• Buffalo– Lets the bird eat
• Oxpecker– Eats ticks and other parasites off skin– Warns buffalo of danger
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html
Lichen
• Slow growing plants
• Partnership: fungi & algae
• Neither could live alone
Relationships
• Commensalism• Mutualism• Parasitism
What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
MutualismBoth
Organisms benefit
Parasitismone
organism benefits
one organism is
harmed
Commensalismone organism
benefits
one organism is unaffected
Crocodile & Bird
• Nile crocodile– Usually eats animals– Allows bird to walk around its mouth
• Crocodile bird– Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth– Removes and eats scraps of food– Eats harmful leeches and parasites
Mutualism
• Both organisms derive mutual benefit• Intimate and obligatory• Neither can survive without the other
• Tickbirds and rhinos• Clownfish & sea anemone
Mutualism: both benefit
Example: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
Example• Bees get food• Flowers get pollinated
Mutualism: both benefit
Example: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets
protection Anemone eats fish predators
Mutualism: both benefit
ExampleAntelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of
parasites Oxbird gets a meal
Commensalism
• “eating together at the same table”• Only one member benefits
– sharing space, defense, shelter, food
• Neither will die if relationship is ended
• Shrimp & sea cucumber
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example: Cattle with cattle
egretsCattle stir up insects
as they eat grass
Egrets hang
around and eat insects
• Birds nesting in a tree
Example: Commensalism
Certain species of millipede and silverfish inhabit the nests of army ants and live by scavenging on the refuse
of their hosts, but without affecting the ants.
Parasitism
• Not symbiotic• Causes harm to host
Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood
streamHuman may go
blind
ONE EXAMPLE OF PARISITISM
• Ticks on a deer.
Example: Parasitism
• Female mosquito uses human blood to develop eggs
• Human gets an ichy bite!
Some video examples
• Use the worksheet to make predictions about the relationships between the animal pairs.
• As we watch the video fill in the worksheet.
• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/symbiotic-strategies/video-segments/1496/