syllabus m.sc. (horticulture) 2016-17 faculty of …curricula and syllabi in horticulture as per...
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SYLLABUS
M.Sc. (Horticulture)
2016-17
FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE
Compiled and Edited By:
Dr. S. K. Jain
(Professor & Head, PHT)
Published by:
Dr. L.K. Dashora
Dean & Chairman
Faculty of Horticulture
AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
KOTA- 324 001
VICE- CHANCELLOR
SECRETARIAT AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, KOTA-
324 001 Phone:0744-2321204, Fax-0744-2321203
Email: [email protected]
Dr. G.L. Keshwa
Vice-Chancellor
FOREWORD
The course curricula of postgraduate programme have been restructured for building academic
linkages with various institution and professionals for improving quality in Horticultural
education. The present syllabus is adoption of new and restructured postgraduate course
curricula and syllabi in Horticulture as per guidelines of Katyal Committee as recommended by
ICAR. The curricula are well-adopted by Agriculture University, Kota since academic session
2013-14.
The syllabi contains lecture schedule for both theory & practical classes and suggested
relevant books for reference. All the Heads/ Incharges of Departments of College of Horticulture
& Forestry, Jhalawar deserve admiration for their critical input for the compilation of syllabus. I
acknowledge their valuable co-operation and involvement. The sincere efforts of Dr. L.K.
Dashora, Dean and Faculty Chairman, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar are worth
appreciation for publication of syllabi in the present shape on behalf of Agriculture University,
Kota. I also compliment Dr. S.K. Jain, Professor & Head, Department of Post Harvest
Technology for compiling and editing this important manuscript, which would prove befitting
for the teachers, students and the entire faculty of Horticulture of Agriculture University, Kota.
Dated: 02.07.2016 ( G.L. Keshwa)
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE &
FORESTRY (Agriculture University, Kota)
Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar- 326001 (Raj.) Phone:07432-241155, Fax-07432-242155
Email: [email protected]
Dr. L.K. Dashora
Dean
PREFACE
The postgraduate course curricula as recommended by the Katyal committee under the aegis of
Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi after revision through Board of studies and
Academic Council are being implemented in the university. The present document contains
semester wise distribution of courses, syllabus, lecture schedule and suggested reference books
of the M.Sc. (Horticulture) degree programme. I convey my sincere thanks to all the Heads/
Incharges of Departments of College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar for their cooperation
and assistance in preparation of present manuscript. Dr. S.K. Jain, Professor & Head,
Department of Post Harvest Technology deserves due appreciation who have meticulously
compiled this important manuscript, which would prove befitting for the teachers, students and
the entire faculty of Horticulture of Agriculture University, Kota.
Dated: 02.07.2016 ( L.K. Dashora)
1
M.Sc. (Horticulture)
Semester wise distribution of courses
Semester-I S.No. Course No. Course Title Cr. Hrs
1 HORT – 511 Tropical and Dry Land Fruit Production 3 (2+1)
2 HORT – 512 Production Technology of Cut Flowers 3 (2+1)
3 HORT – 513 Production Technology of Warm Season Vegetable Crops 3(2+1)
4 STAT – 511 Statistical Methods 3 (2+1)
5 HORT – 514 Biotechnology and Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)
Semester-II S.No. Course No. Course Title Cr. Hrs
1. HORT – 521 Biodiversity and Conservation of Fruit Crops 3 (2+1)
2. HORT – 522 Sub-Tropical and Temperate Fruit Production 3 (2+1)
3. HORT – 523 Production Technology of Cool Season Vegetable Crops 3 (2+1)
4. HORT – 524 Production Technologies of Spice Crops 3 (2+1)
5. HORT – 525 Breeding of Vegetable Crops 3 (2+1)
6. HORT – 526 Post Harvest Micro Biology of Horticultural Produce 3 (2+1)
7. HORT – 527 Post Harvest Handling of Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)
8. HORT - 528 Landscape and Ornamental Gardening 3 (2+1)
9. HORT – 529 Production Technology of Loose Flowers 3 (2+1)
10. STAT – 521 Design of Experiment - I 3 (2+1)
11. PGS-502
(e-course)
Technical Writing and Communication Skills 1 (0+1)
Semester-III S.No. Course No. Course Title Cr. Hrs
1. HORT – 531 Principles of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)
2. HORT – 532 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)
3. HORT – 533 Breeding of Fruit Crop 3 (2+1)
4. HORT – 534 Breeding of Flower Crops and Ornamental Plants 3 (2+1)
5. HORT – 535 Propagation and Nursery Management of Horticultural crops 3 (2+1)
6. HORT – 536 Processing and Preservation of Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)
7. HORT – 537 Analytical Techniques for Fresh and Processed Horticultural Produce 3 (2+1)
8. HORT – 538 Seed Production Technology of Vegetable Crops 3 (2+1)
9. HORT – 539 Production Technology of Under Exploited Vegetable Crops 3 (2+1)
10. HORT – 540 Protected Floriculture 3 (2+1)
11. PGS-503
(e-course)
Intellectual Property and its Management in Agriculture 1 (1+0)
12. PGS-506
(e-course)
Disaster Management 1 (1+0)
Semester-IV S. No. Course No. Course Title Cr. Hrs
1 HORT-541 Seminar 1 (1+0)
2 HORT-591 Comprehensive NC
3 HORT-599 Research 20
2
M.Sc. Horticulture
Semester I
HORT- 511 Tropical and Dry Land Fruit Production 3(2+1)
Theory:
Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance, ecophysiological
requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock influence, planting systems, cropping
systems, root zone and canopy management, nutrient management, water management,
fertigation, role of
bioregulators, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of flowering, pollination fruit
set and development, honeybees in cross pollination, physiological disorders- causes and
remedies, quality improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading,
packing, storage and ripening techniques; industrial and export potential, Agri. Export
Zones(AEZ) and industrial supports.
Crops
UNIT I: Mango and Banana
UNIT II: Citrus and Papaya
UNIT III: Guava, Sapota and Jackfruit
UNIT IV: Pineapple, Annonas and Avocado
UNIT V: Aonla, Pomegranate and Ber, minor fruits of tropics
Practical:
Identification of important cultivars, observations on growth and development, practices
in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes, visit to tropical and arid
zone orchards, Project preparation for establishing commercial orchards.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance,
ecophysiological requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock
influence, planting systems, cropping systems, root zone and canopy
management, nutrient management, water management, fertigation, role of
bioregulators, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of
flowering, pollination fruit set and development, honeybees in cross
pollination, physiological disorders- causes and remedies, quality
improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting,
grading, packing, storage and ripening techniques; industrial and export
potential, Agri. Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial supports of mango.
2. -do- of mango
3. -do- of Mango
4. -do- of Mango
5. -do- of Banana
6. -do- of Banana
7. -do- of Citrus
8. -do- of Citrus
3
9. -do- of Citrus
10. -do- of Papaya
11. -do- of Papaya
12. -do- of Guava
13. -do- of Sapota
14. -do- of Sapota
15. -do- of Jackfruit
16. -do- of Pineapple
17. -do- of Pineapple
18. -do- of Annonas
19. -do- of Annonas
20. -do- of Avocado
21. -do- of Avocado
22. -do- of Aonla
23. -do- of Aonla
24. -do- of Pomegranate
25. -do- of Pomegranate
26. -do- of Phalsa
27. -do- of Phalsa
28. -do- of Ber
29. -do- of Ber
30. -do- of Minor fruits of tropics
31. -do- of Minor fruits of tropics
Lecture schedule: Practical S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of important cultivars
2. Identification of important cultivars
3. Observations on growth and development,
4. Observations on growth and development,
5. Practices in growth regulation,
6. Malady diagnosis
7. Malady diagnosis
8. Analyses of quality attributes
9. Analyses of quality attributes
10. Analyses of quality attributes
11. Analyses of quality attributes
12. Visit to tropical orchards
13. Visit to arid zone orchards
14. Visit to arid zone orchards
15. Project preparation for establishing commercial orchards.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Rathore DS. (Eds.). 1988. Temperate Fruits - Horticulture. Allied
Publ.
2. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Sanyal D. 2001. (Eds.). Fruits -Tropical and Subtropical. Naya
Udyog.
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3. Chadha KL & Pareek OP. 1996. (Eds.). Advances in Horticulture. Vols. IIIV. Malhotra
Publ. House.
4. Nakasone HY & Paul RE. 1998. Tropical Fruits. CABI.
5. Peter KV. 2008. (Ed.). Basics of Horticulture. New India Publ. Agency.
6. Pradeepkumar T, Suma B, Jyothibhaskar & Satheesan KN. 2008. Management of
Horticultural Crops. Parts I, II. New India Publ. Agency.
7. Radha T & Mathew L. 2007. Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
8. Singh HP, Negi JP & Samuel JC. (Eds.). 2002. Approaches for Sustainable Development
of Horticulture. National Horticultural Board.
9. Singh HP, Singh G, Samuel JC & Pathak RK. (Eds.). 2003. Precision Farming in
Horticulture. NCPAH, DAC/PFDC, CISH, Lucknow.
HORT- 512 Production Technology of Cut Flowers 3(2+1)
Theory
UNIT I
Scope of cut flowers in global trade, Global Scenario of cut flower production, Varietal wealth
and diversity, area under cut flowers and production problems in India- Patent rights, nursery
management, media for nursery, special nursery practices.
UNIT II
Growing environment, open cultivation, protected cultivation, soil requirements, artificial
growing media, soil decontamination techniques, planting methods, influence of environmental
parameters, light, temperature, moisture, humidity and CO2 on growth and flowering.
UNIT III
Flower production – water and nutrient management, fertigation, weed management, rationing,
training and pruning, disbudding, special horticultural practices, use of growth regulators,
physiological disorders and remedies, IPM and IDM, production for exhibition purposes.
UNIT IV
Flower forcing and year round flowering through physiological interventions, chemical
regulation, environmental manipulation.
UNIT V
Cut flower standards and grades, harvest indices, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling,
Pre-cooling, pulsing, packing, Storage & transportation, marketing, export potential, institutional
support, Agri Export Zones.
1. Crops: Cut rose, cut chrysanthemum, carnation, gerbera, gladioli, tuberose, orchids,
anthurium, aster, liliums, bird of paradise, heliconia, alstroemeria, alpinia, ornamental
ginger, bromeliads, dahlia, gypsophilla, limonium, statice, stock, cut foliages and fillers.
Practical
Botanical description of varieties, propagation techniques, mist chamber operation,
training and pruning techniques, practices in manuring, drip and fertigation, foliar nutrition,
growth regulator application, pinching, disbudding, staking, harvesting techniques, post-harvest
handling, cold
chain, project preparation for regionally important cut flowers, visit to commercial cut flower
units and case study.
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Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Scope of cut flowers in global trade
2. Indian and global scenario of cut flower production
3. Nursery management and special nursery practices
4. Commercial cultivation of cut rose in open condition
5. Protected cultivation of cut rose
6. Commercial cultivation of tuberose
7. Commercial cultivation of gerbera
8. Commercial cultivation of gladiolus
9. Commercial cultivation of bird of paradise
10. Commercial cultivation of carnation
11. Commercial cultivation of anthurium
12. Commercial cultivation of epiphytic orchids
13. Commercial cultivation of terrestrial orchids
14. Commercial cultivation of China aster
15. Commercial cultivation of liliums
16. Commercial cultivation of heliconia
17. Commercial cultivation of alpinia
18. Commercial cultivation of alstroemeria
19. Commercial cultivation of cut chrysanthemum
20. Commercial cultivation of gypsophilla
21. Commercial cultivation of bromeliads
22. Commercial cultivation of dahlia
23. Commercial cultivation of limonium
24. Commercial cultivation of stock
25. Commercial cultivation of cut foliages
26. Commercial cultivation of fillers
27. Flower forcing for year round cultivation of cut flowers
28. Post harvest handling and marketing of cut flowers
29. Agri-Export Zones of India
30. Varietal wealth and diversity
31. Patent rights
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of important floricultural crops
2. Propagation of rose through cutting
3. Propagation of rose through budding
4. Application of manures and fertilizers in gladiolus
5. Training and Pruning of roses
6. Propagation practices in chrysanthemum
7. Preparation of PBRs solution and application on flowers
8. Staking, pinching and disbudding practices in chrysanthemum
9. Harvesting practices in chrysanthemum flowers
10. Propagation of bulbous cut flowers
6
11. Drip and fertigation practices in gerbera
12. Acquaintance with cold chain system
13. Preparation of preservatives solutions
14. Botanical description of important varieties cut flowers
15. Visit to commercial cut flower units
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Arora JS. 2006. Introductory Ornamental horticulture. Kalyani.
2. Bhattacharjee SK. 2006. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture. Vols. I-VI. Pointer Publ.
3. Bose TK & Yadav LP. 1989. Commercial Flowers. Naya Prokash.
4. Bose TK, Maiti RG, Dhua RS & Das P. 1999. Floriculture and Landscaping. Naya
Prokash.
5. Chadha KL & Chaudhury B. 1992. Ornamental Horticulture in India. ICAR.
6. Chadha KL. 1995. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. XII. Malhotra Publ. House.
7. Lauria A & Ries VH. 2001. Floriculture – Fundamentals and Practices. Agrobios.
8. Prasad S & Kumar U. 2003. Commercial Floriculture. Agrobios.
9. Randhawa GS & Mukhopadhyay A. 1986. Floriculture in India. Allied Publ.
10. Reddy S, Janakiram B, Balaji T, Kulkarni S & Misra RL. 2007. Hightech Floriculture.
Indian Society of Ornamental Horticulture, New Delhi.
HORT- 513 Production Technology of Warm Season Vegetable Crops 3(2+1)
Theory
Introduction, botany and taxonomy, climatic and soil requirements, commercial
varieties/hybrids, sowing/planting times and methods, seed rate and seed treatment, nutritional
and irrigation requirements, intercultural operations, weed control, mulching, physiological
disorders, harvesting, post harvest management, plant protection measures, economics of crop
production and seed production of:
UNIT I - Tomato, eggplant, hot and sweet peppers
UNIT II - Okra, beans and cowpea
UNIT III- Cucurbitaceous crops
UNIT IV- Tapioca and sweet potato
UNIT V- Green leafy warm season vegetables
Practical
Cultural operations (fertilizer application, sowing, mulching, irrigation, weed control) of
summer vegetable crops and their economics; study of physiological disorders and deficiency of
mineral elements, preparation of cropping schemes for commercial farms; experiments to
demonstrate the role of mineral elements, physiological disorders; plant growth substances and
herbicides; seed extraction techniques; identification of important pests and diseases and their
control; maturity standards; economics of warm season vegetable crops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction, botany and taxonomy, climatic and soil requirements,
7
commercial varieties/hybrids, sowing/planting times and methods, seed
rate and seed treatment, nutritional and irrigation requirements,
intercultural operations, weed control, mulching, physiological disorders,
harvesting, post harvest management, plant protection measures,
economics of crop production and seed production of Tomato
2. -do- of Tomato
3. -do- of Tomato
4. -do- of Tomato
5. -do- of eggplant
6. -do- of eggplant
7. -do- of eggplant
8. -do- of hot peppers
9. -do- of hot peppers
10. -do- of sweet peppers
11. -do- of sweet peppers
12. -do- of Okra
13. -do- of Okra
14. -do- of beans
15. -do- of beans
16. -do- of cowpea
17. -do- of cowpea
18. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
19. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
20. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
21. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
22. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
23. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
24. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
25. -do- of Cucurbitaceous crops
26. -do- of Tapioca
27. -do- of Tapioca
28. -do- of sweet potato
29. -do- of sweet potato
30. -do- of Green leafy warm season vegetables
31. -do- of Green leafy warm season vegetables
32. -do- of Green leafy warm season vegetables
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Practice of fertilizer application
2. Practice of sowing
3. Practice of mulching
4. Practice of irrigation
5. Practice of weed control
8
6. study of physiological disorders and deficiency of mineral elements
7. preparation of cropping schemes for commercial farms
8. Conducting experiments to demonstrate the role of mineral elements
9. Study of physiological disorders
10. Use of plant growth substances and herbicides
11. Practice of seed extraction techniques
12. identification of important pests and their control
13. identification of important diseases and their control
14. maturity standards
15. economics of warm season vegetable crops
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Bose TK & Som MG. (Eds.). 1986. Vegetable Crops in India. Naya Prokash.
2. Bose TK, Kabir J, Maity TK, Parthasarathy VA & Som MG. 2003. Vegetable Crops.
Vols. I-III. Naya Udyog.
3. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
4. Brown HD & Hutchison CS. Vegetable Science. JB Lippincott Co.
5. Chadha KL & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1993-94. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. V-X. Malhotra
Publ. House.
6. Chadha KL. (Ed.). 2002. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR.
7. Chauhan DVS. (Ed.). 1986. Vegetable Production in India. Ram Prasad & Sons.
8. Decoteau DR. 2000. Vegetable Crops. Prentice Hall.
9. Edmond JB, Musser AM & Andrews FS. 1964. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Blakiston
Co
10. Fageria MS, Choudhary BR & Dhaka RS. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Production
Technology. Vol. II. Kalyani.
11. Gopalakrishanan TR. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
12. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
13. Nayer NM & More TA 1998. Cucurbits. Oxford & IBH Publ.
14. Palaniswamy & Peter KV. 2007. Tuber Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
15. Pandey AK & Mudranalay V. (Eds.). Vegetable Production in India: Important Varieties
and Development Techniques.
16. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani.
17. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani.
18. Saini GS. 2001. A Text Book of Oleri and Flori Culture. Aman Publ. House.
19. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford & IBH.
20. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology. International
Book Distributing Co.
21. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm. Res.
Centre.
22. Thamburaj S & Singh N. 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.
23. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata Mc Graw Hill.
9
STAT-511 Statistical Methods 3( 2+1)
Theory:
Probability and Probability Distribution: Various definitions of probability, Addition and
multiplication laws of probability and simple problems based on them. Expectation of a random
variable, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis.
Binomial and Poisson distribution, their fitting and simple problems based on them, Normal
distribution, the properties and uses. Sampling: Sampling v/s Complete enumeration, Probability
and non probability sampling, S.R.S. with and without replacement.
Test of significance: Hypothesis, null and Alternative hypothesis, type-I and type-II error, Level
of significance, Critical region, one and two tailed tests, Procedure for testing of hypotheses.
Standard Normal deviate test for single mean, difference of two means. Proportion, difference of
proportion and confidence interval, students 't' test for comparison involving one and two sample
means, paired-‘t’ test, Confidence interval, Chi-square test for goodness of fit and independence
of two attributes (2x2 and r x s contingency table) and Yate's correction for continuity,
Correlation and regression: Simple and partial correlation coefficients, Linear and multiple
regressions. Partial regression coefficients, multiple correlation coefficients and their tests of
significance.
Practical:
Simple problem based on probability, Simple problems based on Binomial, Poisson and
Normal distribution. Problem based on area tables of Normal distribution. Draw simple random-
sample of size 'n’ from ‘N’ given population of Size ‘N’ with and without replacement scheme
and obtain the estimate of (i) population mean (ii) population variance and (iii) standard error.
Problems based on area tables of normal distribution, Standard normal deviate tests for testing (i)
0 (ii)21 . 't'-test for testing (i) (i) 0 (ii)
21 . Confidence interval for means for
small and large samples. Chi-square test for goodness of fit. Chi-square test for independence of
two attributes, 2x2, r x s contingency table and Yates' correction. Fitting of Regression line (i)
Y= a+ bX and test for 0yx (ii) Y = a+b1x1+b1x2. Partial correlation coefficients and tests of
significance. Multiple correlation coefficients and its test by F –test
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Probability and Probability Distribution: Various definitions of probability
2. Addition and multiplication laws of probability
3. Simple problems based on probability
4. Expectation of a random variable
5. Moments
6. Skewness
7. Kurtosis
8. Theoretical distributions: Binominal and poison distributions
9. Theoretical distributions: Normal distribution
10. Sampling, basic concepts, sampling vs. complete enumeration, parameter
and statistic
11. Sampling methods : simple random sampling and stratified random
10
sampling
12. Probability and non probability sampling, S.R.S. with and without
replacement
13. Test of significance: Hypothesis, null and Alternative hypothesis
14. Type-I and type-II error
15. Level of significance, Critical region, one and two tailed tests
16. Procedure for testing of hypotheses
17. Standard Normal deviate test for single mean, difference of two means
18. Students 't' test, for comparison involving one and two sample means
19. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests for equality of means
20. independent and paired t-tests
21. Chi-square test for application of attributes and test for goodness of fit
22. Chi-square test for goodness of fit and independence of two attributes
23. Yate's correction for continuity
24. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient and its properties
25. Correlation regression: Simple and partial correlation coefficients
26. Regression, fitting of simple linear regression
27. Test of significance of correlation and regression coefficient
28. Partial regression coefficients, multiple correlation coefficients and their
tests of significance
29. Experimental Designs: Basic concepts
30. Analysis of Completely randomized design
31. Analysis of Randomized block design and Latin square designs
32. Analysis of Latin square designs
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date 1. Simple problem based on probability
2. Problems based on Binomia distribution
3. Problems based on Poisson distribution
4. Problems based on Normal distribution
5. Problem based on area tables of Normal distribution
6. Draw simple random-sample of size 'n’ from ‘N’ given population of Size
‘N’
7. In SRSWR/WOR, obtain the estimate of (i) population mean
8. (ii) population variance and (iii) standard error Coefficient of variation
9. Standard normal deviate tests for testing (i) 0 (ii) 21
10. 't'-test for testing (i) (i) 0 (ii)21 .
11. t'-test for testing (i) (i) 0 (ii)
12. Chi-square test for goodness of fit
13. Chi-square test for independence of two attributes
14. 2x2, r x s contingency table and Yates' correction
11
15. Fitting of Regression line (i) Y= a+ bX and test for 0yx (ii) Y =
a+b1x1+b1x1.
16. Partial correlation coefficients and tests of significance
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. V.G. Panse and P.V. Sukhatme (1985). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers.
ICAR, New Delhi.
2. G.W. Snedecor and W.G. Cochran (1968). Statistical Methods. Oxford and IBH.New
Delhi.
3. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2006). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
4. Sukthame and C. Ashok (1984). Sampling Theories and Surveys with Application. ICAR,
New Delhi, 3rd ed.
5. G.N. Rao (1983). Statistics for Agricultural Science. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
6. S.C: Gupta (2006). Fundamentals of Statistics. Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi
HORT 514 Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT I
Harnessing bio-technology in horticultural crops, influence of plant materials, physical,
chemical factors and growth regulators on growth and development of plant cell, tissue and
organ culture.
UNIT II
Callus culture – types, cell division, differentiation, morphogenesis, organogenesis,
embryogenesis.
UNIT III
Use of bioreactors and in vitro methods for production of secondary metabolites, suspension
culture, nutrition of tissues and cells, regeneration of tissues, ex vitro, establishment of
tissue cultured plants.
UNIT IV
Physiology of hardening - hardening and field transfer, organ culture – meristem, embryo,
anther, ovule culture, embryo rescue, somaclonal variation, protoplast culture and fusion.
UNIT V
Construction and identification of somatic hybrids and cybrids, wide hybridization, in vitro
pollination and fertilization, haploids, in vitro mutation, artificial seeds, cryopreservation,
rapid clonal propagation, genetic engineering in horticulture crops, use of molecular
markers. In vitro selection for biotic and abiotic stress, achievements of biotechnology in
horticultural crops.
Practical:
An exposure to low cost, commercial and homestead tissue culture laboratories,
media preparation, inoculation of explants for clonal propagation, callus induction and
12
culture, regeneration of plantlets from callus, sub-culturing, techniques on anther, ovule,
embryo culture, somaclonal variation, in vitro mutant selection against abiotic stress,
protoplast culture, fusion technique, development of protocols for mass multiplication,
project development for establishment of commercial tissue culture laboratory.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Harnessing biotechnology in horticulture crops
2. Influence of plant materials
3. Influence of physical, chemical factors
4. Influence of growth regulators on growth and development of plant cells
5. Tissue culture
6. Organ culture
7. Callus culture: types, cell division.
8. Differentiation, morphogenesis
9. Organogenesis
10. Embryogenesis
11. Suspension culture
12. Nutrition of tissues and cells
13. Bioreactors and secondary metabolites
14. In vitro methods for production of secondary metabolites
15. Regeneration of tissues, ex- vitro
16. Establishment of tissue cultured plants
17. Physiology of hardening and field transfer
18. Meristem culture
19. Anther culture
20. Ovule culture
21. Embryo culture
22. Embryo-rescue
23. Somaclonal-variation.
24. Protoplast culture and fusion.
25. Construction and identification of somatic hybrids.
26. Construction and identification of somatic cybrids.
27. Wide hybridization.
28. In vitro pollination and fertilization.
29. Haploids, In vitro mutation.
30. Artificial seeds, cryopreservation.
31. Genetic engineering in horticulture crops
32. Molecular markers
33. In vitro selection for biotic and abiotic stress.
34. Achievements of biotechnology in horticulture crops. Rapid clonal propagation.
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Study of basic instruments required for commercial and homestead tissue culture
laboratories.
2. Development of a Project for establishment of commercial tissue culture
13
laboratory.
3. Understanding and study the basic principles of different methods of Sterilization
techniques.
4. Preparations and calculations of the standard buffers (TE, TAE, TBE, and N or M
solutions).
5. Media preparation for plant tissue culture laboratory.
6. Inoculation of explants for clonal propagation.
7. Callus induction and culture
8. Preparation of reagents for DNA isolation from plant leaves.
9. Isolation of plant DNA from plant leaves.
10. Quantization and DNA Gel Electrophoresis.
11. Sterilization of seeds, buds, leaves, stems, roots, tubers, scales, embryos, ovules
and flower buds for tissue culture micro-propagations.
12. Seed germinations of Nicotiana.
13. Meristem and node culture of Potato.
14. Cell suspension culture of Nicotiana.
15. Set up and study of DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
16. Radom Amplified Polymorphisms DNA (RAPD) analysis.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bajaj YPS. (Ed.).1989. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. V, Fruits.
Springer.
2. Brown TA. 2001. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis and Introduction. Blackwell
Publ.19
3. Chopra VL & Nasim A. 1990. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology –Concepts,
Methods and Applications. Oxford & IBH.
4. Gorden H & Rubsell S. 1960. Hormones and Cell Culture. AB Book Publ.
5. Keshavachandran R & Peter KV. 2008. Plant Biotechnology: Tissue Culture and
Gene Transfer.Orient & Longman (Universal Press).
6. Keshavachandran R, Nazeem PA, Girija D, John PS & Peter KV. 2007.Recent
Trends in Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops. Vols. I, II. New India Publ.
Agency.
7. Parthasarathy VA, Bose TK, Deka PC, Das P, Mitra SK & Mohanadas S. 2001.
Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops. Vols. I-III. Naya Prokash.
8. Pierik RLM. 1987. In vitro Culture of Higher Plants. Martinus Nijhoff Publ.
9. Skoog F & Miller CO. 1957. Chemical Regulation of Growth and Formation in
Plant Tissue Culture in vitro. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol.11: 118-131
10. Vasil TK, Vasi M, While DNR & Bery HR.1979. Somatic Hybridization and
Genetic Manipulation in Plants. Plant Regulation and World Agriculture. Planum
Press.
11. Williamson R. 1981-86. Genetic Engineering. Vols. I-V. Academic Press.
14
M.Sc. Horticulture
Semester II
HORT - 521 Biodiversity and Conservation of Fruit Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT I
Biodiversity and conservation; issues and goals, centers of origin of cultivated fruits; primary
and secondary centers of genetic diversity.
UNIT II
Present status of gene centers; exploration and collection of germplasm; conservation of genetic
resources – conservation in situ and ex situ.
UNIT III
Germplasm conservation- problem of recalcitrancy - cold storage of scions, tissue culture,
cryopreservation, pollen and seed storage; inventory of germplasm, introduction of germplasm,
plant quarantine.
UNIT IV
Intellectual property rights, regulatory horticulture. Detection of genetic constitution of
germplasm and maintenance of core group.
UNIT V
GIS and documentation of local biodiversity, Geographical indication.
Crops
Mango, sapota, citrus, guava, banana, papaya, grapes, jackfruit, custard, apple, ber, aonla,
malus, Prunus sp, litchi, nuts, coffee, tea, rubber, cashew, coconut, cocoa, palmyrah, arecanut,
oil palm and betelvine.
Practical
Documentation of germplasm – maintenance of passport data and other records of
accessions; field exploration trips, exercise on ex situ conservation – cold storage, pollen/seed
storage, cryopreservation, visits to National Gene Bank and other centers of PGR activities.
Detection of
genetic constitution of germplasm, core sampling, germplasm characterization using molecular
techniques.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Biodiversity-Principles ,Issues
2. Biodiversity- Goals
3. Conservation-Issues ,Goals
4. Centres of origin of cultivated fruits
5. Primary and Secondary centres of genetic diversity
6. Present status of gene centres
7. Exploration and collection of germplasm
8. Conservation of genetic resources
9. Conservation- In situ and Ex situ
10. Germplasm conservation-Problem of recalcitrancy
11. Cold storage of scions
15
12. Tissue culture
13. Cryopreservation
14. Pollen and Seed Storage, Introduction of germplasm
15. Inventory of germplasm
16. Plant quarantine
17. Intellectual Property Rights
18. Regulatory Horticulture
19. Detection of genetic constitution of germplasm and Maintenance of core group
20. GIS and documentation of local biodiversity ,Geographical Indication
21. Mango ,Sapota
22. Citrus ,Banana
23. Papaya, Grapes
24. Jackfruit, Custard apple
25. Ber, Aonla
26. Malus, Prunus spp
27. Litchi
28. Coffee, Tea
29. Rubber, Cashew
30. Coconut, Cocoa
31. Palmyra, Arecanut
32. OilPalm, Betelvine
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Documentation of Germplasm
2. Maintenance of Passport data & Other records of acessions
3. Field Exploration trip
4. Ex situ conservation- Cold storage
5. Pollen and Seed storage
6. Cryopreservation
7. Visit to National Gene Bank & other centres of genetic diversity
8. Detection of genetic constitution of germplasm
9. Core sampling
10. Germplasm characterization using molecular techniques
Suggested Readings
1. Frankel OH & Hawkes JG. 1975. Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow.
Cambridge University Press.
2. Peter KV & Abraham Z. 2007. Biodiversity in Horticultural Crops. Vol. I. Daya Publ.
House.
3. Peter KV. 2008. Biodiversity of Horticultural Crops. Vol. II. Daya Publ. House.
16
HORT - 522 Subtropical and Temperate Fruit Production 3(2+1)
Theory:
Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance, ecophysiological
requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock influence, planting systems, cropping
systems, root zone and canopy management, nutrient management, water management,
fertigation, bioregulation, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of flowering, fruit
set and development, abiotic factors limiting production, physiological disorders-causes and
remedies, quality improvement by management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading,
packing,
precooling, storage, transportation and ripening techniques; industrial and export potential, Agri
Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial support.
Crops
UNIT I: Apple, pear, quince, grapes
UNIT II: Plums, peach, apricot, cherries
UNIT III: Litchi, loquat, persimmon, kiwifruit, strawberry
UNIT IV: Nuts- walnut, almond, pistachio, pecan, hazelnut
UNIT V: Minor fruits- mangosteen, carambola, bael, wood apple, fig, jamun, rambutan,
pomegranate
Practical:
Identification of important cultivars, observations on growth and development, practices
in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes, visit to tropical,
subtropical, humid tropical and temperate orchards, Project preparation for establishing
commercial orchards.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Commercial varieties of regional, national and international importance,
eco-physiological requirements, recent trends in propagation, rootstock
influence, planting systems, cropping systems, root zone and canopy
management, nutrient management, water management, fertigation,
bioregulation, abiotic factors limiting fruit production, physiology of
flowering, fruit set and development, abiotic factors limiting production,
physiological disorders-causes and remedies, quality improvement by
management practices; maturity indices, harvesting, grading, packing,
precooling, storage, transportation and ripening techniques; industrial and
export potential, Agri Export Zones(AEZ) and industrial support in respect
to Apple
2. -do- of Apple
3. -do- of Apple
4. -do- of Pear
5. -do- of Quince
6. -do- of Grape
7. -do- of Grape
8. -do- of Plums
9. -do- of Peach,
10. -do- of Apricot
17
11. -do- of Cherries
12. -do- of Hazlenut
13. -do- of Litchi
14. -do- of Litchi
15. -do- of Loquat
16. -do- of Persimmon
17. -do- of Kiwifruit
18. -do- of Strawberry
19. -do- of Strawberry
20. -do- of Walnut
21. -do- of Walnut
22. -do- of Almond
23. -do- of Pistachio
24. -do- of Pecan
25. -do- of Mangosteen
26. -do- of Carambola
27. -do- of Bael
28. -do- of Wood apple
29. -do- of Fig
30. -do- of Jamun
31. -do- of Rambutan
32. -do- of Pomegranate
33. -do- of Pomegranate
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of important cultivars: Apple, pear, quince, grapes,Plums,
peach, apricot, cherries, hazlenut
2. Identification of important cultivars: Litchi, loquat, persimmon, kiwifruit,
strawberry,walnut, almond, pistachio, pecan
3. Identification of important cultivars: mangosteen, carambola, bael, wood
apple, fig, jamun, rambutan, pomegranate
4. Practices in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes in
Plums, peach, apricot
5. Practices in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes in
Cherries, hazlenut Litchi, loquat
6. Practices in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes in
Persimmon, kiwifruit, strawberry
7. Practices in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes in
Walnut, almond, pistachio, pecan
8. Practices in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes in
Mangosteen, carambola, bael, wood apple
9. Practices in growth regulation, malady diagnosis, analyses of quality attributes in
Fig, jamun, rambutan, pomegranate
10. Visit to orchards
11. Visit to orchards
12. Project preparation
13. Project preparation
18
14. Project preparation
15. Project preparation
16. Project preparation
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Sanyol D. (Ed.). 2002. Fruits of India – Tropical and Sub-tropical.
3rd Ed. Vols. I, II. Naya Udyog.
2. Chadha KL & Pareek OP. 1996. (Eds.). Advances in Horticulture. Vol. I. Malhotra Publ.
House.
3. Chadha KL & Shikhamany SD. 1999. The Grape: Improvement, Production and Post-
Harvest Management. Malhotra Publ. House.
4. Janick J & Moore JN. 1996. Fruit Breeding. Vols.I-III. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Nijjar GS. 1977. (Eds.). Fruit Breeding in India. Oxford & IBH. Radha T & Mathew L.
2007. Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
6. Singh S, Shivankar VJ, Srivastava AK & Singh IP. (Eds.). 2004. Advances in
Citriculture. Jagmander Book Agency.
HORT- 523 Production Technology of Cool Season Vegetable Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Introduction, botany and taxonomy, climatic and soil requirements, commercial
varieties/hybrids, sowing/planting times and methods, seed rate and seed treatment, nutritional
and irrigation requirements, intercultural operations, weed control, mulching, physiological
disorders, harvesting, post-harvest management, plant protection measures and seed production
of:
UNIT I - Potato
UNIT II - Cole crops: cabbage, cauliflower, knoll kohl, sprouting broccoli, Brussels sprout
UNIT III - Root crops: carrot, radish, turnip and beetroot
UNIT IV- Bulb crops: onion and garlic
UNIT V- Peas and broad bean, green leafy cool season vegetables
Practical:
Cultural operations (fertilizer application, sowing, mulching, irrigation, weed control) of
winter vegetable crops and their economics; Experiments to demonstrate the role of mineral
elements, plant growth substances and herbicides; study of physiological disorders; preparation
of cropping scheme for commercial farms; visit to commercial greenhouse/ polyhouse.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of potato
2. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of potato
3. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of cabbage
19
4. Weed control, physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of cabbage
5. Introduction ,botany taxanomy, climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of cauliflower
6. Weed control, physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of cauliflower
7. Introduction ,botany taxanomy, climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of knoll khol
8. Weed control, physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of knoll khol
9. Introduction ,botany taxanomy, climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of sprouting broccoli
10. Weed control, physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of sprouting broccoli
11. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of brusell’s sprout
12. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of brusells sprout
13. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of carrot
14. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of carrot
15. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation ofradish
16. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of radish
17. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of turnip
18. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of turnip
19. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation ofbeetroot
20. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of beetroot
21. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of onion
22. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of onion
23. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of garlic
24. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of garlic
25. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of peas
26. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of peas
27. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation broad beans
28. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of broad beans
20
29. Introduction ,botany taxanomy,climate ,varieties,planting method,seed rate
fertigation and intercultural operation of green leafy vegetables
30. Weed control,physiological disorders ,harvesting ,PHT &Plant protection
measures &seed production of green leafy vegetables
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Nursery preparation and sowing of cole crops
2. Calculation and fertilization application of winter vegetable crops
3. Weeding and hoeing operation on winter vegetable crops
4. Calculation and demonstration of herbicides on winter vegetable crops
5. Calculation of and demonstration of plant growth regulators on winter vegetable
crops
6. To demonstrate the role of minerals on winter vegetable crops
7. To study the economics of winter vegetable crops
8. Preparation of different cropping schemes for commercial farm
9. Study of physiological disorders of potato
10. Study physiological disorders of cole crops
11. Study physiological disorders of root and bulb crops
12. A visit to a commercial greenhouse/polyhouse
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose TK & Som MG. (Eds.). 1986. Vegetable Crops in India. Naya Prokash.
2. Bose TK, Som G & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
3. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 1993. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
4. Bose TK, Kabir J, Maity TK, Parthasarathy VA & Som MG. 2003. Vegetable Crops.
Vols. I-III. Naya Udyog.
5. Chadha KL & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1993-94. Advances in Horticulture Vols. V-X. Malhotra
Publ. House.
6. Chadha KL. (Ed.). 2002. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR.
7. Chauhan DVS. (Ed.). 1986. Vegetable Production in India. Ram Prasad & Sons.
8. Decoteau DR. 2000. Vegetable Crops. Prentice Hall.
9. Edmond JB, Musser AM & Andrews FS. 1951. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Blakiston
Co.
10. Fageria MS, Choudhary BR & Dhaka RS. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Production
Technology. Vol. II. Kalyani.
11. Gopalakrishanan TR. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
12. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
13. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publ.
14. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publ.
15. Rubatzky VE & Yamaguchi M. (Eds.). 1997. World Vegetables:Principles, Production
and Nutritive Values. Chapman & Hall.
16. Saini GS. 2001. A Text Book of Oleri and Flori Culture. Aman Publ. House.
21
17. Salunkhe DK & Kadam SS. (Ed.). 1998. Hand Book of Vegetable Science and
Technology: Production, Composition, Storage and Processing. Marcel Dekker.
18. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford & IBH.
19. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology. International
Book Distributing Co.
20. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm. Res.
Centre.
21. Thamburaj S & Singh N. (Eds.). 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.
22. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata McGraw- Hill.
HORT - 524 Production Technology of Spice Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Introduction, importance of spice crops-historical accent, present status - national and
international, future prospects, botany and taxonomy, climatic and soil requirements, commercial
varieties/hybrids, site selection, layout, sowing/planting times and methods, seed rate and seed
treatment, nutritional and irrigation requirements, intercropping, mixed cropping, intercultural
operations, weed control, mulching, physiological disorders, harvesting, post harvest
management, plant protection measures and seed planting material and micro-propagation,
precision farming, organic resource management, organic certification, quality control,
pharmaceutical significance and protected cultivation of:
UNIT I
Black pepper, cardamom
UNIT II
Clove, cinnamon and nutmeg, allspice
UNIT III
Turmeric, ginger and garlic
UNIT IV
Coriander, fenugreek, cumin, fennel, ajowain, dill, celery
UNIT V
Tamarind, garcinia and vanilla
Practical:
Identification of seeds and plants, botanical description of plant; preparation of
herbarium, propagation, nursery raising, field layout and method of planting, cultural practices,
harvesting, drying, storage, packaging and processing, value addition; short term experiments on
spice crops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction, importance of spice crops-historical accent, present status -
national and international, future prospects, botany and taxonomy, climatic
and soil requirements, commercial varieties/hybrids, site selection, layout,
sowing/planting times and methods, seed rate and seed treatment,
nutritional and irrigation requirements, intercropping, mixed cropping,
22
intercultural operations, weed control, mulching, physiological disorders,
harvesting, post harvest management, plant protection measures and seed
planting material and micro-propagation, precision farming, organic
resource management, organic certification, quality control,
pharmaceutical significance and protected cultivation of Black pepper
2. -do- of Black pepper
3. -do- of cardamom
4. -do- of cardamom
5. -do- of Clove
6. -do- of Clove
7. -do- of cinnamon
8. -do- of cinnamon
9. -do- of nutmeg
10. -do- of allspice
11. -do- of Turmeric
12. -do- of Turmeric
13. -do- of ginger
14. -do- of ginger
15. -do- of garlic
16. -do- of garlic
17. -do- of Coriander
18. -do- of Coriander
19. -do- of fenugreek
20. -do- of fenugreek
21. -do- of cumin
22. -do- of cumin
23. -do- of fennel
24. -do- of fennel
25. -do- of ajowain
26. -do- of dill,
27. -do- of celery
28. -do- of Tamarind
29. -do- of garcinia
30. -do- of vanilla
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of seed spics
2. Identification of plants
3. botanical description of plant
4. preparation of herbarium
5. propagation, nursery raising
6. field layout
7. method of planting
23
8. cultural practices
9. harvesting
10. Drying of spices
11. storage of spices
12. packaging of spices
13. processing, value addition of spices
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Agarwal S, Sastry EVD & Sharma RK. 2001. Seed Spices: Production, Quality, Export.
Pointer Publ.
2. Arya PS. 2003. Spice Crops of India. Kalyani.
3. Bhattacharjee SK. 2000. Hand Book of Aromatic Plants. Pointer Publ.
4. Bose TK, Mitra SK, Farooqi SK & Sadhu MK (Eds.). 1999. Tropical Horticulture. Vol.I.
Naya Prokash.
5. Chadha KL & Rethinam P. (Eds.). 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. IX-X.
Plantation Crops and Spices. Malhotra Publ. House.
6. Gupta S. (Ed.). Hand Book of Spices and Packaging with Formulae. Engineers India
Research Institute, New Delhi.
7. Kumar NA, Khader P, Rangaswami & Irulappan I. 2000. Introduction to Spices,
Plantation Crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Oxford & IBH.
8. Nybe EV, Miniraj N & Peter KV. 2007. Spices. New India Publ. Agency.
9. Parthasarthy VA, Kandiannan V & Srinivasan V. 2008. Organic Spices. New India Publ.
Agency.
10. Peter KV. 2001. Hand Book of Herbs and Spices. Vols. I-III. Woodhead Publ. Co. UK
and CRC USA
11. Pruthi JS. (Ed.). 1998. Spices and Condiments. National Book Trust
12. Pruthi JS. 2001. Minor Spices and Condiments- Crop Management and Post Harvest
Technology. ICAR.
13. Purseglove JW, Brown EG, Green CL & Robbins SRJ. (Eds.). 1981. Spices. Vols. I, II.
Longman.
14. Shanmugavelu KG, Kumar N & Peter KV. 2002. Production Technology of Spices and
Plantation Crops. Agrobios.
15. Thamburaj S & Singh N. (Eds.). 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.
Tiwari RS & Agarwal A. 2004. Production Technology of Spices. International Book
Distr. Co.
16. Varmudy V. 2001. Marketing of Spices. Daya Publ. House.
HORT 525 Breeding of Vegetable Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Origin, botany, taxonomy, cytogenetics, genetics, breeding objectives, breeding methods
(introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation), varieties and varietal characterization,
resistance breeding for biotic and abiotic stress, quality improvement, molecular marker,
24
genomics, marker assisted breeding and QTLs, biotechnology and their use in breeding in
vegetable crops-Issue of patenting, PPVFR act.
UNIT I- Potato and tomato
UNIT II- Eggplant, hot pepper, sweet pepper and okra
UNIT III- Peas and beans, amaranth, chenopods and lettuce
UNIT IV- Gourds, melons, pumpkins and squashes
UNIT V-Cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, beetroot, radish, sweet potato and tapioca
Practical:
Selection of desirable plants from breeding population observations and analysis of
various qualitative and quantitative traits in germplasm, hybrids and segregating generations;
induction of flowering, palanological studies, selfing and crossing techniques in vegetable crops;
hybrid seed production of vegetable crops in bulk. screening techniques for insect-pests, disease
and environmental stress resistance in above mentioned crops, demonstration of sib-mating and
mixed population; molecular marker techniques to identify useful traits in the vegetable crops
and special breeding techniques. Visit to breeding blocks.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Origin, botany, taxonomy, cytogenetics, genetics, breeding objectives, breeding
methods (introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation), varieties and varietal
characterization, resistance breeding for biotic and abiotic stress, quality
improvement, molecular marker, genomics, of Potato
2. -do of Potato
3. -do of Tomato
4. -do of Tomato
5. -do of Tomato
6. -do of Eggplant
7. -do of Eggplant
8. -do of Hot pepper
9. -do of sweet pepper
10. -do of Okra
11. -do of Peas
12. -do of beans
13. -do of Amaranth, chenopods and lettuce
14. -do of Gourds
15. -do of Gourds
16. -do of melons
17. -do of Pumpkins
18. -do of squashes
19. -do of Cabbage
20. -do of cauliflower
21. -do of Carrot, beetroot, radish
22. -do of Carrot, beetroot, radish
23. -do of Sweet potato and tapioca
24. -do of Sweet potato and tapioca
25
25. Marker assisted breeding
26.
27. QTLs
28.
29. biotechnology and their use in breeding in vegetable crops
30.
31. Issue of patenting, PPVFR act
32.
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Selection of desirable plants from breeding population and recording of
observations
2. Analysis of various qualitative and quantitative traits in germplasm, hybrids and
segregating generations
3.
4. Induction of flowering in vegetables
5. Palanological studies
6.
7. Selfing and crossing techniques in vegetable crops
8. Hybrid seed production of vegetable crops in bulk
9. Screening techniques for insect-pests in vegetables
10. Screening techniques for disease and environmental stress resistance in vegetable
crops
11.
12. Demonstration of sib-mating and mixed population
13. Molecular marker techniques to identify useful traits in the vegetable crops
14.
15. Special breeding techniques
16. Visit to breeding blocks
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Allard RW. 1999. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Basset MJ. (Ed.). 1986. Breeding Vegetable Crops. AVI Publ.
3. Dhillon BS, Tyagi RK, Saxena S. & Randhawa GJ. 2005. Plant Genetic Resources:
Horticultural Crops. Narosa Publ. House.
4. Fageria MS, Arya PS & Choudhary AK. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Breeding and Seed
Production. Vol. I. Kalyani.
5. Gardner EJ. 1975. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley & Sons.
6. Hayes HK, Immer FR & Smith DC. 1955. Methods of Plant Breeding.McGraw-Hill.
7. Hayward MD, Bosemark NO & Romagosa I. (Eds.). 1993. Plant Breeding-Principles
and Prospects. Chapman & Hall.
8. Kalloo G. 1988. Vegetable Breeding. Vols. I-III. CRC Press.
9. Kalloo G. 1998. Vegetable Breeding. Vols. I-III (Combined Ed.). Panima Edu. Book
Agency.
10. Kumar JC & Dhaliwal MS. 1990. Techniques of Developing Hybrids in Vegetable Crops.
Agro Botanical Publ.
26
11. Paroda RS & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1995. Vegetable Research with Special Reference to
Hybrid Technology in Asia-Pacific Region. FAO.
12. Peter KV & Pradeepkumar T. 2008. Genetics and Breeding of Vegetables. Revised,
ICAR.
13. Rai N & Rai M. 2006. Heterosis Breeding in Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
14. Ram HH. 1998. Vegetable Breeding: Principles and Practices. Kalyani.
15. Simmonds NW. 1978. Principles of Crop Improvement. Longman.
16. Singh BD. 1983. Plant Breeding. Kalyani.
17. Singh PK, Dasgupta SK & Tripathi SK. 2004. Hybrid Vegetable Development.
International Book Distributing Co.
18. Swarup V. 1976. Breeding Procedure for Cross-pollinated Vegetable Crops. ICAR.
HORT- 526 Post Harvest Microbiology of Horticultural Produce 3(2+1)
Theory:
Importance of horticultural crops in dietary, chemical Composition, nutritive value and
perishable nature of fresh and processed horticultural produce. Contamination and spoilage of
fresh fruits and vegetables, types of spoilage in processed products such as canned fruits and
vegetables, dehydrated, frozen foods, pickles, beverages etc., intrinsic and extrinsic parameters
that affect microbial growth and their control measures, principles and methods of food
preservation. Important microorganisms associated with food, their classification, nomenclature
& multiplication. Importance of microorganisms in food industry, fermentation processes,
production of various by- products, vinegar, fermented beverages, etc. Food borne diseases and
food poisoning, importance of hygiene and sanitation. Safety and Quality control of fruit and
vegetable products, biochemical and microbiological examinations.
Practical:
Analyzing perishability of fruits and vegetables, study of morphology of microorganisms,
preparation of bacteriological media, culturing of microorganisms, microbiological examination
of processed products, types of fermentations, biochemical and enzymatic tests.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. What is food? Components of food, their functions, sources and deficiency.
2. Fruits and vegetables as sources of important nutrients
3. Concept of functional food.
4. Chemical composition of fresh and processed horticultural produce
5. Nutritive value and perishable nature of horticultural produce
6. Food as a substrate for microorganisms
7. Contamination of food by microorganisms
8. Important microorganisms associated with food: Bacteria
9. Important microorganisms associated with food: yeasts
10. Important microorganisms associated with food: moulds
11. Classification and nomenclature of Bacteria
12. Classification and nomenclature of Yeasts
27
13. Classification and nomenclature of Moulds
14. Reproduction of microorganisms: Asexual
15. Reproduction of microorganisms: Sexual
16. Intrinsic parameters affecting microbial growth: pH, water activity, Oxidation-
reduction potential, nutrient content,
17. Extrinsic parameters affecting microbial growth: temperature
18. Importance of microorganisms in food industry
19. Fermentation processes: Alcoholic fermentation, production of wine
20. Fermentation processes: Acetic fermentation, production of vinegar
21. Spoilage of fresh fruits and vegetables
22. Types of spoilage in processed products: low acid food
23. Types of spoilage in processed products: medium acid food
24. Principles and methods of food preservation
25. Food borne diseases and food poisoning: Types of food poisoning
26. Food poisoning: causes and control measures
27. Importance of Hygiene and sanitation
28. Concept of GMPs, HACCP etc.
29. Safety and quality control of processed products
30. FPO and food laws
31. Biochemical examinations of food
32. Microbial examination of food
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Title of Exercise Tentative
Date
1. Enumeration of causes of deterioration of fresh fruits (PLW, rotting, mechanical
injury, growth etc.)
2. Ist exercise continues
3. Microscopic examination of morphology of bacteria, gram staining
4. Microscopic examination of yeasts and molds colonies
5. Microscopic examination of molds colonies
6. Preparation of bacteriological media
7. Sterilization of media, glass wares etc.
8. Use of laminar air flow
9. Culturing of microorganisms: pure culture preparation, incubation etc.
10. Microbiological examination of processed products
11. Lactic fermentation of vegetables
12. Estimation of TSS of processed products
13. Estimation of acidity of processed products
14. Estimation of ascorbic acid
15. Estimation of sugars
16. Qualitative estimation of enzyme (PPO) activity in vegetables.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Frazier, W.C. and Westhoff, D.C. (1988). Food Microbiology. McGraw Hill Publishing
Co., Inc., New York.
2. Khetarpaul, Neelam (2005). Food Microbiology. Daya Publishers, New Delhi.
28
3. Pelezer, M.J., Chan, E.C. and Krieg, N.R. (1993). Microbiology concepts and
applications. McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
4. Purohit, S.S. (1994). Microbiology- Fundamentals and Application. 5th
Edition., Agro
Botanical Publishers, Bikaner, India.
HORT- 527 Post Harvest Handling of Horticultural crops (2+1)
Theory:
Maturity indices of horticultural crops. Harvesting and its relationship with quality,
Sorting and grading, Pre-harvest crop management practices and their influence on quality
during storage and marketing. Respiration, Ethylene in post-harvest biology, Technology of
artificial ripening and de-greening of fruits. Physiology of ripening and senescence. Storage
disorders including chilling injury. Application of growth regulators for quality assurance. Post-
harvest treatments: Pre cooling, Heat treatments (hot water, hot air and Vapour heat), fungicides
& biologically safe chemicals, Irradiation, Curing, Pulsing etc. Packing line operations,
Packaging of horticultural produce. Transportation- rail, road, sea, air; Codex norms for export
of perishables. Storage systems: On – farm storage - evaporatively cooled stores, ventilated
storage, pit storage etc. Refrigerated storage of horticultural produce, Refrigeration cycle,
Controlled / Modified Atmosphere, Hypobaric, Hyperbaric storage.
Practical: Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of
physiological loss in weight and quality. Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest
treatment of horticultural crops, Packaging studies in fruits, vegetables and cut flowers by using
different packaging materials, methods of storage, post-harvest disorders in horticultural
produce. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices. Visit to markets, packaging
houses and cold storage units.
Theory S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Maturity indices of horticultural crops: Physical, visual and computational, methods of
predicting harvest maturity
2. Maturity indices of horticultural crops: chemical and physiological methods of
predicting harvest maturity
3. Maturity indices and quality parameters of important horticultural crops
4. Harvesting: harvest practices, methods of harvesting
5. mechanization in harvesting, use of harvesting tools, relation of harvesting and quality
6. Sorting and grading of horticultural produce
7. Pre-harvest crop management practices and their influence on quality during storage
and marketing
8. Growth and maturation of storage organs
9. Physiology of ripening,
10. Respiration : climacteric and non- climacteric fruits
11. Role of Ethylene in post-harvest biology, ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene inhibitors
12. Artificial ripening and de-greening of fruits
13. Storage disorders including chilling injury
14. Application of growth regulators for quality assurance.
15. Post-harvest treatments: Pre cooling
16. Post-harvest treatments: Heat treatments (hot water, hot air and Vapour heat)
29
17. Post-harvest treatments: fungicides & biologically safe chemicals
18. Post-harvest treatments: Irradiation
19. Post-harvest treatments: Curing, Pulsing etc.
20. Packing line operations
21. Types of packages
22. Packaging of horticultural produce
23. Palletization and containerization
24. Transportation- rail, road, sea, air
25. Concept of cold chain
26. Codex norms for export of perishables
27. Storage systems: On – farm storage - evaporative cooled stores, ventilated storage, pit
storage etc
28. Mechanical Refrigeration cycle
29. Refrigerated storage of horticultural produce
30. MA packaging and storage
31. CA storage
32. Hyperbaric storage
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Judging maturity indices by specific gravity and TSS
2. Judging maturity by estimation of acidity, TSS: acid ratio
3. determination of physiological loss in weight and quality
4. Practice on grading of horticultural produce
5. Preparation of different formulations for post harvest treatments and their
application viz. wax emulsion
6. Chemicals and growth regulators for post harvest applications
7. To study different types of packages and packing practices
8. Harvesting, grading and packing of vegetables
9. Harvesting, grading and packaging of flowers
10. To study the refrigerated storage and its working
11. To study post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce : chilling injury
12. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices
13. Visit to markets,
14. Visit to packaging houses
15. Visit to cold storage units
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. S. Saraswathy, T.L. Preethi, S. Balasubramanyan, J. Suresh, N. Revathy & S. Natarajan.
Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops, Agribios (India), Jodhpur.
2. S. K. Mitra. Post Harvest Physiology and storage of tropical and subtropical fruits, CABI
Publishing.
3. A.K. Thompson. Post Harvest Technology of fruits and vegetables, Blackwell Science.
4. Er. B. Pantastico. Post Harvest Physiology, Handling and Utilization of Tropical and
Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, AVI Publishing Company, Inc.
30
5. R.B.H. Wills, W.B. McGlasson, D. Graham, T.H. Lee and E.G. Hall. Post Harvest: An
Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruits and vegetables, CBS Publishers
and Distributors, New Delhi.
HORT-528 Landscape and Ornamental Gardening 3(2+1)
Theory:
Principles of Landscape gardening. styles of gardens; Type of gardens (Hindu, Budhist,
Persian, Mughals, Japanese and English gardens), features of garden-paths, roads, edges, lawns,
fountains, arches, pergola, shrubbery, topiary, flower beds, hedges, flowering and avenue trees,
rockery, conservatory, glass and green house, hanging pots, bird baths, etc. Principles and
practices of landscape designs for home gardens and public parks. Study and uses of plant
materials and other components in combination for landscape effects. Landscaping of places like
cities, towns, countryside, different roads, railway tracks, religious places, industrial areas,
offices, hotels, riverside, multistoried buildings with emphasis on terrace garden etc., interior
decoration of hotels and buildings. Preparation and maintenance of Bonsai, Rock garden, Water
garden and Desert Garden.
Practical: Identification of ornamental and foliage trees, shrubs, creepers, seasonal annuals and
indoor plants. Layout of bungalow garden. Planning and layout of college, school, hotel gardens.
Planning layout of a formal garden. Planning and layout of a Japanese garden. Preparation and
layout of rockery. Collection of various ornamental plants for herbarium. Planning and layout of
a herbaceous border. Pruning and training of hedge. Visit to various public gardens.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Principles of landscape gardening
2. Principles of landscape gardening- design elements
3. Principles of landscape gardening- design principles
4. Styles of gardens
5. Type of gardens: Persian and Mughal gardens
6. Type of gardens: Hindu, Buddhist and English gardens
7. Type of gardens: Japanese gardens
8. Features of gardens: walls, fences, roads, paths and steps
9. Features of gardens: hedges and edges
10. Features of gardens: lawn- definition, development and maintenance
11. Features of gardens: arches, pergola, topiary and flower beds
12. Features of gardens: flowering and avenue trees
13. Features of gardens: rockery- definition, designing and plants for rockery
14. Features of gardens: conservatory, glass and green houses
15. Features of gardens: adornments- fountains, hanging pots, bird baths, statues, garden
seats, lights etc.
16. Principles and practices of landscape designs for home gardens
17. Principles and practices of landscape designs for public parks
18. Study and uses of plant materials and other components in combination for
landscape effects
31
19. Landscaping of places like cities, towns and avenues
20. Landscaping of countrysides, different roads and railway tracks
21. Landscaping of religious places and riversides
22. Landscaping of industrial areas, offices and hotels, etc.
23. Multistoried buildings with emphasis on terrace gardens
24. Interior decoration of hotels and buildings
25. Bonsai: definition, classification and preparation
26. Bonsai: styles and suitable plants for bonsai
27. Bonsai: maintenance
28. Rock garden: definition, importance, development and uses
29. Water garden: definition, importance, development & management and uses
30. Water garden: plants for water garden and their classification
31. Desert Garden: definition, importance, development and uses
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of ornamental and foliage trees, shrubs, creepers, seasonal annuals and
indoor plants
2. Acquaintance and brief description of important garden tools
3. Symbols used in garden designing
4. Planning and layout of a formal garden
5. Planning and layout of a informal garden
6. Layout of bungalow garden
7. Planning and layout of hotel garden
8. Planning and layout of college garden
9. Planning and layout of school garden
10. Planning and layout of a Japanese garden
11. Preparation and layout of rockery
12. Collection of various ornamental plants for herbarium
13. Planning and layout of a herbaceous border
14. Pruning and training of hedge
15. Visit to various public gardens and description of important features
SUGGESTED READING
1. Gopalaswamienger, K.S. (199) Complete gardening in India. Gopalaswami Parthasarthy
Shrinivasa, 237/46, Fifth road, Bangalore (India).
2. Randhawa, G.S. and Jain, R.K. (1973) Ornamental Horticulture. Today and Tomorrow
Printers and Publishers, 22-B/5, Original Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhii110005.
3. Percylancaster, S. (1982) Gardening in India. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
4. Bhanu L. and Desai (1979) Planning and Planting Designs of Home Garden. lCAR, NeW
Delhi
5. Bose, T.K.: Pal, P.; Chowdhury, B. and Sharma, S.P. (2004) Garden Plants in Colour
House Plants. Naya Udyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata - 700006.
6. Bhattachrjee, S.K. (2005) Landscape gardening and Design with Plants. PointeI
Publishers, vyas Building, SMS Highway, Jaipur - 302003.
7. Bhattacharjee, S.K. (2006) Advances in Ornamental Horticulture Vol. I to VI. Ponter
Publishiers, Vyas Building, SMS Highway, Jaipur - 302003.
32
HORT - 529 Production Technology for Loose Flowers 3(2+ 1)
Theory:
UNIT I
Scope of loose flower trade, Significance in the domestic market/export. Varietal wealth and
diversity, propagation, sexual and asexual propagation methods, propagation in mist chambers,
nursery management, pro-tray nursery under shade nets, transplanting techniques
UNIT II
Soil and climate requirements, field preparation, systems of planting, precision farming
techniques.
UNIT III
Water and nutrient management, weed management, rationing, training and pruning, pinching
and disbudding, special horticultural practices, use of growth regulators, physiological disorders
and remedies, IPM and 1DM.
UNIT IV
Flower forcing and year round flowering, production for special occasions through physiological
interventions, chemical regulation.
UNIT V
Harvest indices, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling and grading, pre-cooling, packing
and storage, value addition, concrete and essential oil extraction, transportation and marketing,
export potential, institutional support, Flori- Export Zones.
Crops: Jasmine, scented rose, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, nerium, hibiscus,
barleria, celosia, gomphrena, non-traditional flowers (Nyctanthes, Tabemaemontana, ixora, lotus,
lilies, tecoma, champaka, pandanus).
Practical:
Botanical description of species and varieties, propagation techniques, mist chamber
operation, training and pruning techniques, practices in manuring, drip and fertigation, foliar
nutrition, growth regulator application, pinching, disbudding, staking, harvesting techniques,
post-harvest handling, storage and cold chain, project preparation for regionally important
commercial loose flowers, visits to fields, essential oil extraction units and markets.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
date
1. Scope of loose flowers in global trade
2. Indian and global scenario of loose flower production
3. Nursery management and special nursery practices
4. Commercial cultivation of chaiti rose
5. Commercial cultivation of baramasi rose
6. Commercial cultivation of tuberose
7. Commercial cultivation of marigold
8. Commercial cultivation of chrysanthemum
9. Commercial cultivation of jasmine
10. Commercial cultivation of jasmine
11. Commercial cultivation of gaillardia
12. Commercial cultivation of crossandra
33
13. Commercial cultivation of barleria
14. Commercial cultivation of celosia
15. Commercial cultivation of gomphrena
16. Commercial cultivation of harshringar
17. Commercial cultivation of chandani
18. Commercial cultivation of ixora
19. Commercial cultivation of lotus
20. Commercial cultivation of lilies
21. Commercial cultivation of Tecoma
22. Commercial cultivation of champaka
23. Commercial cultivation of kewra
24. Commercial cultivation of Nerium
25. Commercial cultivation of hibiscus
26. Oil extraction methods for different flower
27. Flower forcing for year round cultivation of cut flowers
28. Post harvest handling and marketing of cut flowers
29. Value addition in flower
30. Agri-Export Zones of India
31. Varietal wealth and diversity
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
date
1. Identification of important floricultural crops
2. Sowing of marigold seed in nursery
3. Propagation of rose through cutting/ budding
4. Application of manures and fertilizers in marigold
5. Training and Pruning of roses
6. Propagation practices in chrysanthemum
7. Preparation of PBRs solution and application on flowers
8. Staking, pinching and disbudding practices in chrysanthemum
9. Harvesting practices in chrysanthemum flowers
10. Preparation of preservatives solutions
11. Drip and fertigation practices in rose
12. Acquaintance with cold chain system
13. Botanical description of important varieties loose flowers
14. Visit to commercial flower growers field
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Arora JS. 2006. Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani.
2. Bhattacharjee SK. 2006. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture. Vols. I-VI. Pointer Publ.
3. Bose TK & Yadav LP. 1989. Commercial Flowers. Naya Prokash.
34
STAT- 521 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS 3(2+1)
Theory:
Basic principles of design of experiments, Uniformity trials and their uses, Fair field
Smiths Variance Law and optimum size and shape of plots. Efficiency of basic designs. Design
and analysis of C.R.D. R.B.D. and L.S.D. with one observation per cell. Factorial experiments:
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical factorial experiments, 2n factorial experiments, Yates method
and general method of analysis of AxB and AxBxC factorial experiments. Confounding in case
of 2n factorial experiments, Complete and partial confounding. Layout and analysis of Split and
Strip plot design. Missing plot technique in R.B.D. and L.S.D. with one observation missing.
Progeny Row trial and compact family block design. Transformations: Square root, Logarithmic
and Angular transformation. Analysis of Covariance.
Practical:
Analysis of 22 and 2
3 experiments in R.B.D., Analysis of AxB factorial experiments.
Analysis of AxBxC factorial experiments, Complete confounding in case of 23 experiments,
Partial confounding in case of 23 experiments, Missing plot analysis in case of R.B.D. with one
observation missing, Missing plot analysis in case of L.S.D. with one observation missing.
Analysis of Split plot and Strip plot design, Analysis of Covariance in case of R.B.D. Use of
transformations
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date 1. Basic principles of design of experiments, Uniformity trials and their uses
2. Design and analysis of C.R.D.
3. Design and analysis of R.B.D.
4. Design and analysis of L.S.D.
5. Missing plot techniques
6. Design and analysis of C.R.D. with one observation per cell.
7. Design and analysis of R.B.D. with one observation per cell.
8. Design and analysis of L.S.D. with one observation per cell.
9. Factorial experiments
10. Main effect and interaction effect
11. Comparison or contrast
12. Calculation of sum of squares due to comparison
13. Symmetrical and Asymmetrical factorial experiments
14. 2n factorial experiments
15. Yates method and general method of analysis of AxB
16. Yates method and general method of analysis of AxBxC factorial experiments
17. Confounding in case of 2n factorial experiments
18. Complete confounding
19. Partial confounding
20. Layout and analysis of Split plot design.
21. Layout and analysis of Strip plot design.
22. Transformation of data
23. Types of Transformations
35
24. Square root transformation
25. Logarithmic transformation.
26. Angular transformation
27. Analysis of covariance
28. Statistical control of error
29. Technique of analysis of covariance
30. Statistical analysis and examples
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date 1. Analysis of C.R.D. with unequal replication
2. Analysis of C.R.D. with equal replication
3. Analysis of R.B.D.
4. Analysis of L.S.D.
5. Analysis of R.B.D. with one missing observation
6. Analysis of L.S.D. with one missing observation
7. Analysis of 22 factorial experiments in R.B.D
8. Analysis of 23 factorial experiments in R.B.D
9. Analysis of Split plot
10. Analysis of Split plot
11. Analysis of Strip plot design
12. Analysis of Strip plot design
13. Analysis of Covariance in case of R.B.D
14. Use of transformations
15. Exercise on Square root, Logarithmic and Angular transformation
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. V.G. Panse and P.V. Sukhatme (1985). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers.
ICAR, New Delhi.
2. Das, M.N. and Giri. N.C. (1986). Design and analysis of Experiments. New Age
International Publishers.
3. Chandel, S.R.S. (2004).A Handbook of Agricultural Statistics. Achal Prakashan Mandir,
Kanpur.
4. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez , A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research.
John Wiley and Sons.
5. Agrawal, B.L. (1996). Programmed Statistics. New Age International Publishers.
PGS 502 Technical Writing and Communications Skills 1(0+1)
Practical:
Technical Writing - Various forms of scientific writings- theses, technical papers, reviews, manuals,
etc; Various parts of thesis and research communications (title page, authorship contents page,
preface, introduction, review of literature, material and methods, experimental results and
discussion); Writing of abstracts, summaries, précis, citations etc.; commonly used abbreviations in
the theses and research communications; illustrations, photographs and drawings with suitable
36
captions; pagination, numbering of tables and illustrations; Writing of numbers and dates in scientific
write-ups; Editing and proof-reading; Writing of a review article.
Communication Skills - Grammar (Tenses, parts of speech, clauses, punctuation marks); Error
analysis (Common errors); Concord; Collocation; Phonetic symbols and transcription; Accentual
pattern: Weak forms in connected speech: Participation in group discussion: Facing an interview;
presentation of scientific papers.
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Writings- theses, Various parts of thesis and research communications (title
page, authorship contents page, preface, introduction, review of literature,
material and methods, experimental results and discussion);
2. commonly used abbreviations in the theses and research communications
3. Writing of abstracts, summaries, précis, citations etc.;
4. Writing of technical papers
5. Writing of reviews
6. Writing of manuals
7. illustrations, photographs and drawings with suitable captions;
8. pagination, numbering of tables and illustrations; Writing of numbers and
dates in scientific write-ups
9. Editing and proof-reading; Writing of a review article
10. Tenses
11. parts of speech
12. clauses, punctuation marks
13. Error analysis (Common errors
14. Concord; Collocation; Phonetic symbols and transcription
15. Accentual pattern: Weak forms in connected speech
16. Participation in group discussion
17. Facing an interview; presentation of scientific papers.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Chicago Manual of Style. 14th Ed. 1996. Prentice Hall of India.
2. Collins’ Cobuild English Dictionary. 1995. Harper Collins.
3. Gordon HM & Walter JA. 1970. Technical Writing. 3rd Ed. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
4. Hornby AS. 2000. Comp. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. 6th
Ed. Oxford University Press.
5. James HS. 1994. Handbook for Technical Writing. NTC Business Books.
6. Joseph G. 2000. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th Ed. Affiliated East-
West Press.
7. Mohan K. 2005. Speaking English Effectively. MacMillan India.
8. Richard WS. 1969. Technical Writing. Barnes & Noble.
9. Robert C. (Ed.). 2005. Spoken English: Flourish Your Language. Abhishek.
10. Sethi J & Dhamija PV. 2004. Course in Phonetics and Spoken English. 2nd
Ed. Prentice
Hall of India.
11. Wren PC & Martin H. 2006. High School English Grammar and Composition. S. Chand
& Co.
37
M.Sc. Horticulture
Semester III
HORT- 531 Principles of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
History, present status, importance and scope of post harvest technology of horticultural
crops. Maturity indices, pre- harvest factors affecting quality of fruits, changes during fruit
growth, transpiration, respiration, physiology and biochemistry of fruit ripening, ethylene
evolution and its management. Factors for deterioration of fresh and processed horticultural
produce. Food pipe line, post harvest handling of fresh horticultural produce including
harvesting, pre-cooling, sorting, grading, pre- treatments, storage, packaging, and distribution.
Principles and methods of food preservation, preservation by thermal processing, canning,
freezing, dehydration, preservation by sugar, salt, fermentation, radiation, chemical
preservatives, antibiotics, etc. Disposal and Utilization of waste from fruit and vegetable
processing industry, plant sanitation & Food safety standards. Drying of cut flowers.
Practical:
Analyzing maturity stages of commercially important horticultural crops, physiological loss
in weight of fruits and vegetables, estimation of transpiration, respiration rate, ethylene release,
study of vase life extension of cut flowers by chemicals, visit to pack house to study post harvest
handling practices in fresh fruits and vegetables, preservation by sugar (preparation of jam, jelly
etc.), salt (pickles), dehydration, fermentation, tomato processing, visit to fruit and vegetable
processing industry.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Present status of post harvest technology of horticultural crops.
2. Importance and scope of post harvest technology of horticultural crops.
3. Maturity and common methods to predict maturity in horticultural crops
4. Harvest indices of fruits like mango, banana, papaya, pineapple, apple, sapota,
guava, citrus, grapes, etc.
5. Harvest indices of vegetables like tomato, brinjal, beans, melons, etc.
6. Pre- harvest factors affecting quality of fruits
7. Changes during fruit growth
8. Physiology of transpiration
9. Physiology of respiration
10. Physiology and biochemistry of fruit ripening
11. Ethylene evolution
12. Controlled ripening (delaying and hastening)
13. Factors for deterioration of fresh and processed horticultural produce.
14. Food pipe line, and losses during post harvest handling of fresh horticultural
produce
15. Harvesting: methods and tools, Pre-cooling: methods and objectives
16. Sorting, grading and various pre- treatments like curing, waxing, etc.
17. Storage: types of storage including cold storage, CA and MA storage
38
18. Packaging and distribution of fruits and vegetables
19. Principles of food preservation
20. Methods of food preservation: sugar, salt, fermentation etc
21. Methods of food preservation: chemical preservatives
22. preservation by thermal processing
23. Canning: General process
24. Canning: special considerations
25. Preservaton by freezing
26. Preservaton by drying and dehydration
27. Disposal and Utilization of waste from fruit and vegetable processing industry
28. Plant sanitation & Food safety standards
29. Drying of cut flowers.
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Title of practical Tentative
Date
1. Analyzing maturity stages of fruits: use of refractometer
2. Analyzing maturity stages of fruits: use of tenderometer
3. Maturity determination by specific gravity
4. Estimation of PLW
5. Effect of packaging and temperature on PLW of fruits and vegetables
6. Estimation of respiraton by Oxygen analyzer
7. Artificial ripening of fruits using ethylene.
8. Vase life extension of cut flowers by chemicals
9. Visit to pack house
10. Preparation of fruit jam
11. Preparation of fruit jelly
12. Preparation of pickle from raw material available in the season
13. Demonstration of solar drying
14. Preparation of tomato ketchup/ sauce etc.
Total
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Er. B. Pantastico. Post Harvest Physiology, Handling and Utilization of Tropical and
Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, AVI Publishing Company, Inc.
2. R.B.H. Wills, W.B. McGlasson, D. Graham, T.H. Lee and E.G. Hall. Post Harvest: An
Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruits and vegetables, CBS Publishers
and Distributors, New Delhi.
3. S. Saraswathy, T.L. Preethi, S. Balasubramanyan, J. Suresh, N. Revathy & S. Natarajan.
Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops, Agribios (India), Jodhpur.
4. R.P. Srivastava & Sanjeev Kumar. Fruit & Vegetable Preservation: Principles and
Practices, 3rd
Edition, International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
5. Cruess, W.V. Commercial fruit and vegetable products. Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Inc,
New York.
39
HORT-532 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT I
Growth and development- definition, parameters of growth and development, growth dynamics,
morphogenesis.
UNIT II
Annual, semi-perennial and perennial horticultural crops, environmental impact on growth and
development, effect of light, photosynthesis and photoperiodism vernalisation, effect of
temperature, heat units, thermoperiodism.
UNIT III
Assimilate partitioning during growth and development, influence of water and mineral nutrition
during growth and development, biosynthesis of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid,
ethylene, brasssinosteroids, growth inhibitors, morphactins, role and uses of plant growth
promoters and inhibitors.
UNIT IV
Developmental physiology and biochemistry during dormancy, bud break, juvenility, vegetative
to reproductive interphase, flowering, pollination, fertilization and fruit set, fruit drop, fruit
growth, ripening and seed development.
UNIT V
Growth and developmental process during stress - manipulation of growth and development,
impact of pruning and training, chemical manipulations in horticultural crops, molecular and
genetic approaches in plant growth development.
Practical:
Physical and Chemical methods to overcome seed dormancy. Germination and viability
tests of seed. Visit to arid, subtropical and temperate horticultural zones to identify growth and
development patterns, techniques of growth analysis, evaluation of photosynthetic efficiency
under different environments, study of growth regulator functions, understanding ripening
phenomenon in fruits and vegetables, study of impact of physical manipulations on growth and
development, study of chemical manipulations on growth and development, understanding stress
impact on growth and development.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Growth – Definition, parameters of growth
2. Development- definition, parameters of growth
3. Growth dynamics
4. Morphogenesis
5. Annual, Semi-perennial and perennial horticulturalcrops
6. Environmental Impact on growth and development
7. Effect of light and photosynthesis
8. Photoperiodism -types
9. Vernalisation in horticultural crops
10. Effect of temperature and heat units
40
11. Thermoperiodism
12. Assimilate partitioning during growth and development
13. Influence of water on growth and development
14. Mineral nutrition-importance during growth and development
15. Biosynthesis of auxin and role in horticultural crops
16. Biosynthesis of giberellin and role in horticultural crops
17. Biosynthesis of cytokinin and role in horticultural crops
18. Biosynthesis of abscissic acid and role in horticultural crops
19. Biosynthesis of ethylene and role in horticultural crops
20. Brassinosteroids and use in horticulture
21. Growth inhibitor and its application
22. Morphactins and its role in horticulture
23. Growth promoters and its application
24. Dormancy-physiological basis, causes and importance
25. Bud break-physiological stages
26. Juvenility
27. Vegetative to Reproductive interphase
28. Flowering- physiological basis and factors affecting flowering
29. Modes of pollination
30. Fertilization process and fruit set
31. Fruit drop-stages and remedies to control it
32. Fruit growth curves
33. Ripening and seed development
34. Growth and development process during stress
35. Impact of pruning and training
36. Chemical manipulations in horticultural crops
37. Molecular and genetic approaches in plant growth development
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Physical methods to overcome seed dormancy
2. Chemical methods to overcome seed dormancy
3. Seed germination test
4. Viability test of seed by Tetrazolium method
5. Evaluation of photosynthetic efficiency under different environment
6. Study of growth regulator functions
7. Understanding of ripening phenomenon in fruits and vegetables
8. Study of impact of physical manipulations on growth and development
9. Understanding of stress impact on growth and development
10. Study of chemical manipulations on growth and development
11. Visit to arid, subtropical and temperate zones to identify growth and development
patterns
41
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Buchanan B, Gruiessam W & Jones R. 2002. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of
Plants. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Epstein E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives. Wiley.
3. Fosket DE. 1994. Plant Growth and Development: a Molecular Approach. Academic
Press.
4. Leoplod AC & Kriedermann PE. 1985. Plant Growth and Development. 3rd
Ed. Mc
Graw-Hill.
5. Peter KV. 2008. (Ed.) Basics of Horticulture. New India Publ. Agency.
HORT 533 Breeding of Fruit Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Origin and distribution, taxonomical status - species and cultivars, cytogenetics,
genetic resources, blossom biology, breeding systems, breeding objectives, ideotypes,
approaches for crop improvement -introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation breeding,
polyploidy breeding, rootstock breeding, improvement of quality traits, resistance breeding
for biotic and abiotic stresses, biotechnological interventions, achievements and future thrust
in the following selected fruit crops.
Crops
UNIT I : Mango, banana and pineapple
UNIT II: Citrus, grapes, guava and sapota
UNIT III: Jackfruit, papaya, custard apple, aonla, pomegranate and ber
UNIT IV: Mangosteen, litchi, jamun, phalsa, mulberry, datepalm, bael and nuts
UNIT V: Apple, pear, plums, peach, apricot and strawberry
Practical:
Characterization of germplasm, blossom biology, study of anthesis, estimating
fertility status, practices in hybridization, evaluation of biometrical traits and quality traits,
creening for resistance, developing breeding programme for specific traits, visit to research
stations working on tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit improvement
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Origin and distribution
2. Taxonomical status
3. Species and cultivars
4. Cytogenetics
5. Genetic resources
6. Blossom biology
7. Breeding systems
8. Breeding objectives
9. Ideotypes
10. Approaches for Crop Improvement
11. Introduction, selection,
42
12. Hybridization,
13. Mutation breeding
14. Polyploidy breeding
15. Improvement of quality traits ,Rootstock breeding
16. Resistance breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses
17. Biotechnological interventions, achievements and future thrust
18. Mango
19. Banana
20. Pineapple
21. Citrus
22. Guava
23. Sapota
24. Jackfruit
25. Papaya
26. Custard apple
27. Aonla
28. Avocado
29. Ber
30. Litchi
31. Mangosteen
32. Jamun, Phalsa
33. Mulberry, Raspberry
34. Apple, Pear
35. Plums, Peach
36. Apricot, Cherries
37. Strawberry
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Characterization of germplasm
2. Blossom biology
3. Study of anthesis
4. Estimating fertility status
5. Practices in hybridization
6. Ploidy breeding
7. Mutation breeding
8. Evaluation of biometrical traits and quality traits
9. Screening for resistance
10. Visit to research stations working on tropical, subtropical and temperate
fruit improvement
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Sanyol D. (Eds.). 2002. Fruits of India – Tropical and Sub-
tropical. 3rd Ed. Vols. I, II. Naya Udyog.
2. Chadha KL & Pareek OP. 1996. (Eds.). Advances in Horticulture. Vol. I. Malhotra
Publ. House.
43
3. Chadha KL & Shikhamany SD. 1999. The Grape: Improvement, Production and
Post-Harvest Management. Malhotra Publ. House.
4. Janick J & Moore JN. 1996. Fruit Breeding. Vols.I-III. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Nijjar GS. 1977. (Eds.). Fruit Breeding in India. Oxford & IBH.
6. Radha T & Mathew L. 2007. Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency. 16
7. Singh S, Shivankar VJ, Srivastava AK & Singh IP. (Eds.). 2004. Advances in
Citriculture. Jagmander Book Agency.
HORTI- 534 Breeding of Flower Crops and Ornamental Plants 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT-I
Principles- origin, distribution, evolution of varieties, genetic resources and genetic divergence.
Patents and Plant Variety Protection in India.
UNIT-II
Genetic inheritance- of flower colour, doubleness, flower size, fragrance and post harvest life.
UNIT-III
Breeding methods suitable for sexually and asexually propagated flower crops and ornamental
plants- introduction, selection, domestication, polyploid and mutation breeding for varietal
development. Role of heterosis, production of hybrids, male sterility and incompatibility
problems. Seed production of flower crops.
UNIT-IV
Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers: rose, gladioli,
chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, dahlia, china aster, jasmine, orchids, gerbera,
carnation,crossandra, anthurium, heliconia and liliums.
UNIT-V
Breeding constraints and achievements made in ornamental plants- hibiscus, bougainvillea,
flowering annuals (zinnia, cosmos, snapdragon, petunia, pansy) and ornamental foliages.
Introduction and selection of plants for waterscaping and xeriscaping.
Practical:
Description of botanical features: cataloguing of cultivars, varieties and species in
flowers. Floral biology, selfing and crossing, evaluation of hybrid progenies, seed production.
Induction of mutants through physical and chemical mutagens, induction of polyploidy.
Screening of plants for biotic and abiotic stresses and environmental pollution. In vitro breeding
in flower crops and ornamental plants.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Principles- origin, distribution and evolution of varieties
2. Principles- genetic resources and genetic divergence
3. Patents and Plant Variety Protection in India
4. Genetic inheritance of flower colour and size, and flower doubleness
5. Genetic inheritance of fragrance and post harvest life
6. Breeding methods suitable for sexually and asexually propagated flower crops
44
and ornamental plants
7. Breeding method: Introduction- procedure, merits and demerits, and
achievements
8. Breeding method: Selection- types, merits and demerits, and varietal
development
9. Breeding method: Pureline selection- procedure, merits and demerits, and varietal
development
10. Breeding method: Clonal selection- procedure, merits and demerits, and varietal
development
11. Breeding method: Pedigree method- procedure, merits and demerits, and varietal
development
12. Breeding method: Backcross method- procedure, merits and demerits, and
varietal development
13. Breeding method: Hybridization- procedure, merits and demerits, and varietal
development
14. Breeding method: Polyploidy breeding
15. Breeding method: Mutation breeding for varietal development
16. Role of heterosis and production of hybrids
17. Problems of male sterility and incompatibility
18. Seed production of flower crops- self pollinated crops
19. Seed production of flower crops- cross pollinated crops
20. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers: rose and
gladioli
21. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers:
chrysanthemum and marigold
22. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers: tuberose
and liliums
23. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers: dahlia and
jasmines
24. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers: China aster,
gerbera and carnation
25. Breeding constraints and achievements made in commercial flowers: orchids,
anthurium and heliconia
26. Breeding constraints and achievements made in ornamental plants- hibiscus and
bougainvillea
27. Breeding constraints and achievements made in flowering annuals: petunia,
zinnia, cosmos, dianthus, snapdragon and pansy
28. Breeding constraints and achievements made in ornamental foliage plants
29. Introduction and selection of plants for waterscaping
30. Introduction and selection of plants for xeriscaping
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Description of botanical features: cataloguing of cultivars, varieties and species
in flowers
2. Acquaintance with tools and equipments used in ornamental plant breeding
3. Study of pollen viability
4. Floral biology of rose
45
5. Floral biology of chrysanthemum
6. Floral biology of tuberose
7. Floral biology of petunia
8. Study of selfing and crossing in flower crops
9. Seed production in cross-pollinated flowers
10. Seed production in self-pollinated flowers
11. Evaluation of hybrid progenies
12. Induction of mutants through physical and chemical mutagens
13. Induction of polyploidy
14. Screening of plants for biotic and abiotic stresses and environmental pollution
15. In vitro breeding in flower crops and ornamental plants.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bhattacharjee SK. 2006. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture. Vols. I-VI. Pointer Publ.
2. Bose TK & Yadav LP. 1989. Commercial Flowers. Noya Prokash.
3. Chadha KL & Choudhury B.1992. Ornamental Horticulture in India. ICAR.
4. Chadha KL. 1995. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. XII. Malhotra Publ. House.
5. Chaudhary RC. 1993. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH.
6. SinghBD.1990.PlantBreeding.Kalyani.
HORT-535 Propagation and Nursery Management For Fruit Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT I
Introduction, life cycles in plants, cellular basis for propagation, sexual propagation,
apomixis, polyembryony, chimeras. Principles factors influencing seed germination of
horticultural crops, dormancy, hormonal regulation of germination and seedling growth.
UNIT II
Seed quality, treatment, packing, storage, certification, testing. Asexual propagation –
rooting of soft and hard wood cutting under mist by growth regulators. Rooting of cuttings
in hotbeds. Physiological, anatomical and biochemical aspects of root induction in cuttings.
Layering – principle and methods.
UNIT III
Budding and grafting – selection of elite mother plants, methods. Establishment of bud
wood bank, stock, scion and inter stock, relationship – Incompatibility. Rejuvenation
through top working – Progeny orchard and scion bank.
UNIT IV
Micro-propagation – principles and concepts, commercial exploitation in horticultural crops.
Techniques - in vitro clonal propagation, direct organogenesis, embryogenesis,
micrografting, meristem culture. Hardening, packing and transport of micro-propagules.
UNIT V
Nursery – types, structures, components, planning and layout. Nursery management
practices for healthy propagule production.
46
Practical:
Methods of sexual and asexual propagation. Media and nursery sterilization.
Anatomical studies in rooting of cutting and graft union, construction of propagation
structures, study of media and PGR. Hardening – case studies, micropropagation, explant
preparation, media preparation, culturing – in vitro clonal propagation, meristem culture,
shoot tip culture, axillary bud culture, direct organogenesis, direct and indirect
embryogenesis, micro grafting, hardening. Visit to TC labs and nurseries.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction and life cycles in plants
2. Cellular basis for propagation
3. Sexual propagation, its merits and demerits
4. Apomixis, polyembryony and chimeras
5. Principles and factors influencing seed germination of horticultural crops
6. Seed Dormancy, Types and how to overcome it.
7. Hormonal regulation of germination and seedling growth
8. Seed, its Types, quality and treatment,
9. Seed certification, testing, packing and storage
10. Asexual propagation its merits and demerits
11. Cuttings and its different types
12. Use of growth regulators in rooting of soft and hard wood cutting under mist
13. Rooting of cuttings in hotbeds and cold frames
14. Physiological, anatomical and biochemical aspects of root induction in cuttings
15. Layering – principle and methods
16. Budding and its different types
17. Grafting and its different types
18. Selection and maintenance of of elite mother plants
19. Establishment of bud wood bank
20. stock, scion and inter stock, relationship
21. Incompatibility
22. Rejuvenation through top working
23. Progeny orchard and scion bank.
24. Micro-propagation– principles and concepts
25. commercial exploitation of micro propagation in horticultural crops
26. Techniques of in vitro clonal propagation
27. Organogenesis and embryogenesis
28. Micro grafting and meristem culture.
29. Hardening, packing and transport of micro-propagules
30. Nursery – types, planning and layout
31. Nursery structures and components
32. Nursery management practices like hoeing and weeding
33. Disease and pest management for healthy propagule production.
47
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Use of different types of nursery tools and implements
2. Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds
3. Anatomical studies in rooting of cutting
4. Anatomical studies of graft and bud union
5. Construction of propagation structures
6. Study of media and PGR
7. Hardening – case studies
8. Visit to TCL and introduction to different chemicals and equipments
9. Micro propagation, explants preparation
10. Culturing – in vitro clonal propagation
11. Meristem culture and shoot tip culture
12. Axillary bud culture
13. Direct organogenesis
14. Direct and indirect embryogenesis
15. Micro grafting
16. Hardening plants in the nursery
17. Digging, labeling and packing of fruit plants
18. Visit to different nurseries
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Hartmann HT & Kester DE. 1989. Plant Propagation – Principles and Practices.
Prentice Hall of India.
2. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Sadhu MK. 1991. Propagation of Tropical and Subtropical
Horticultural Crops. Naya Prokash.
3. Peter KV. (Ed.). 2008. Basics of Horticulture. New India Publ. Agency.
4. Singh SP. 1989 Mist Propagation. Metropolitan Book Co.
5. Rajan S & Baby LM. 2007. Propagation of Horticultural Crops. New IndiaPubl.
Agency.
6. Radha T & Mathew L. 2007. Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
HORT- 536 Processing and Preservation of Horticultural Crops 3(1+2)
Theory:
Principles and guidelines for the establishment of processing unit. Containers, equipment
and technologies in canning. Solar drying and dehydration, dehydration equipment, freezing of
fruits and vegetables. Juice extractions, clarification and preservation, Preparation of fruit
beverages and juice concentrate. Role of sugar and pectin in processed products, preparation of
jam, jelly, marmalades, preserve, candy, crystallized fruit. Preservation by salt and vinegar,
pickling, chutney and processed products of tomato. Sensory evaluation, quality assurance and
storage system for processed products. Preparation of various products from flowers and
dehydration techniques. Nutritive value of raw and processed products, plant sanitation and
waste disposal. Food laws, quality management approaches viz. HACCP, TQM etc.
48
Practical: Equipment used in food processing units. Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and
vegetables. Canning of fruits and vegetables, preparation of squash, RTS, cordial, syrup, jam,
jelly, marmalade, candies, preserves, chutneys, sauces, pickles (hot and sweet). Dehydration of
fruits and vegetables, tomato products, dehydration, refrigeration and freezing, cut out analysis
of processed foods. Visit to processing units.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Principles and guidelines for the establishment of processing unit.
2. Containers and equipment for canning.
3. Canning process
4. Solar drying and dehydration, dehydration equipment
5. freezing of fruits and vegetables
6. Juice extractions and its clarification
7. Methods of preservation of fruit juice.
8. Preparation of fruit beverages and juice concentrate.
9. Role of sugar and pectin in processed products, preparation of jam, jelly,
marmalades, preserve, candy, crystallized fruit.
10. Preservation by salt and vinegar, pickling and chutney
11. Processed products of tomato.
12. Sensory evaluation, quality assurance and storage system for processed products.
13. Preparation of various products from flowers and dehydration techniques
14. Nutritive value of raw and processed products
15. plant sanitation and waste disposal.
16. Food laws, quality management approaches viz. HACCP, TQM etc
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. To become acquint with processing machines and equipments in the processing
unit.
2. Estimation of TSS of fruits/ vegetables
3. Estimation of acidity of fruits/ vegetables
4. Estimation of ascorbic acid content of fruits/ vegetables
5. Extraction of juice/ pulp from seasonal fruit and its preservation.
6. Calculation of ingredients for processed products
7. Preparation of mango squash
8. Preparation of lime squash
9. Preparation of guava based RTS
10. Preparation of lime juice cordial
11. Preparation of apple jam
12. Preparation of papaya jam
13. Preparation of guava jelly
14. Preparation of karonda candies
15. Preparation of tomato chutneys
16. Preparation of fermented pickles of radish
17. Preparation of garlic pickle in vinegar
49
18. Preservation of onions in vinegar
19. Solar drying of leafy vegetables (methi)
20. Freezing of peas
21. Preparation of tomato ketchup
22. Preparation of salsa sauce of bell paper/ capsicum
23. Preparation of aonla jam
24. Preparation of grape wine
25. Osmotic dehydartion of grapes
26. Visit to processing units
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. R.P. Srivastava & Sanjeev Kumar. Fruit & Vegetable Preservation: Principles and
Practices, 3rd
Edition, International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
2. Girdhari Lal, G.S. Siddappaa and G.L. Tandon. Preservation of fruits & vegetables,
ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Manoranjan Kalia & Sangita Sood. Food Preservation and Processing, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
4. Cruess, W.V. Commercial fruit and vegetable products. Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Inc,
New York.
HORT- 537 Analytical Techniques For Fresh and Processed Horticultural
Produce
3(2+1)
Theory: Safety aspects of lab, standardization of NaOH, Textural properties of harvested produce
and processed foods, TSS, Sp. Gravity, pH and acidity, Sampling procedure for quantitative
analysis, Determination of moisture, Determination of relative water content (RWC),
physiological loss in weight (PLW), Basic chromatographic techniques, Importance of ethylene,
Quantitative estimation of rate of ethylene evolution by fruits and vegetables, using gas
chromatograph (GC), Plant pigments and their role in human diet. Spectrophotometry, non-
destructive determination of colour, ascorbic acid, sugars, and starch in food crops, Sensory
analysis techniques, Control of test rooms, products and panel.
Practical: Standardization of NaOH. Determination of Textural properties of harvested produce and
processed foods. Estimation of TSS, Sp. Gravity, pH and acidity, moisture content relative water
content (RWC), physiological loss in weight (PLW). Estimation of rate of ethylene evolution by
fruits and vegetables, Estimation of carotenoids, anthocyanin, chlorophyll etc. Practice of using
spectrophotometer, determination of colour, ascorbic acid, sugars, and starch in food crops,
sensory evaluation etc.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Safety aspects of lab
2. Preparation of reagents (per cent/ ppm/ molar/ normal solutions and their
standardization
50
3. Numerical exercise based on preparation of solutions
4. Textural properties of harvested produce and processed foods
5. Estimation of TSS and Sp. Gravity of horticultural produce
6. Estimation of pH and acidity of fruits
7. Sampling procedure for quantitative analysis
8. Determination of moisture content
9. Determination of relative water content (RWC)
10. Estimation Physiological loss in weight (PLW)
11. Basic chromatographic techniques
12. Applications of chromatographic techniques
13. Column chromatography
14. HPLC
15. Gas chromatography
16. Types of detectors in gas chromatography
17. Ethylene: role of ethylene, biosynthesis, and mode of action
18. Ethylene management
19. Quantitative estimation of rate of ethylene evolution by using gas
chromatography
20. Plant pigments: carotenoids, anthocyanins, chlorophyll, etc.
21. Role of plant pigments in human diet: concept of function food
22. Spectrophotometry: Concept
23. Beer lamberts law
24. Types of Spectrophotometry
25. Applications of spectrophotometery in estimation of sugars, phelons, NEB etc
26. Non- destructive determination of colour, ascorbic acid, sugars, and starch in
food crops
27. Sensory analysis techniques
28. Control of test rooms, products and panel
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Preparation of common reagnts used in bio chemical analysis( N/10 NaOH,
2,6- dichlorophenol indophenol dye, anthrone reagents, etc.)
2. Determination of Textural properties of harvested produce by tenderometer
3. Estimation of TSS using refractometer
4. Determination of Sp. Gravity of harvested produce
5. Determination of pH of sample
6. Determination of acidity by titration method
7. Determination of ascorbic acid content by titration method
8. Determination of total sugar content by Anthrone method
9. Determination of moisture content of given sample
10. Estimation of physiological loss in weight (PLW) during storage of fruit/
vegetable
11. Estimation of carotenoids content
12. Estimation of anthocyanin content
13. Practice of using spectrophotometer
14. sensory evaluation
51
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Ranganna, S. (1997). Handbook of Analysis and quality control for fruits and
vegetable products, Second Edittion, Tata McGraw HillPublishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1996). Biochemical Methods, Second Edition,
New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Thimmaiah, S.R. (1999). Standard methods of biochemical Analysis. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
HORT- 538 Seed Production Technology of Vegetable Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT I- Definition of seed and its quality, new seed policies; DUS test, scope of vegetable seed
industry in India.
UNIT II- Genetical and agronomical principles of seed production; methods of seed production;
use of growth regulators and chemicals in vegetable seed production; floral biology, pollination,
breeding behaviour, seed development and maturation; methods of hybrid seed production.
UNIT III- Categories of seed; maintenance of nucleus, foundation and certified seed; seed
certification, seed standards; seed act and law enforcement, plant quarantine and quality control.
UNIT VI- Physiological maturity, seed harvesting, extraction, curing, drying, grading, seed
processing, seed coating and pelleting, packaging (containers/packets), storage and
cryopreservation of seeds, synthetic seed technology.
UNIT V- Agro-techniques for seed production in solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits, leguminous
vegetables, cole crops, bulb crops, leafy vegetables, okra, vegetatively propagated vegetables.
Practical:
Seed sampling, seed testing (genetic purity, seed viability, seedling vigour, physical
purity) and seed health testing; testing, releasing and notification procedures of varieties; floral
biology; rouging of off-type; methods of hybrid seed production in important vegetable and spice
crops; seed extraction echniques; handling of seed processing and seed testing equipments; seed
sampling; testing of vegetable seeds for seed purity, germination, vigour and health; visit to seed
processing units, seed testing laboratory and seed production farms.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. seed and its quality
2. new seed policies
3. DUS test
4. scope of vegetable seed industry in India
5. Genetical and agronomical principles of seed production
6. methods of seed production
7. use of growth regulators and chemicals in vegetable seed production
8. floral biology
9. pollination, breeding behaviour,
52
10. seed development and maturation
11. methods of hybrid seed production
12. Categories of seed
13. maintenance of nucleus, foundation and certified seed
14. seed certification
15. seed standards
16. seed act and law enforcement
17. plant quarantine and quality control
18. Physiological maturity
19. seed harvesting, extraction, curing, drying, grading, seed processing
20. seed coating and pelleting
21. packaging (containers/packets)
22. storage and cryopreservation of seeds
23. synthetic seed technology
24. Agro-techniques for seed production in solanaceous vegetables,
25. Agro-techniques for seed production in cucurbits
26. Agro-techniques for seed production in leguminous vegetables
27. Agro-techniques for seed production in cole crops
28. Agro-techniques for seed production in bulb crops
29. Agro-techniques for seed production in leafy vegetables
30. Agro-techniques for seed production in okra
31. vegetatively propagated vegetables
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Seed sampling ;;, ,;,
2. seed testing (genetic purity, seed viability, seedling vigour, physical
purity)
3. seed health testing
4. releasing and notification procedures of varieties
5. floral biology
6. rouging of off-type
7. methods of hybrid seed production in important vegetable and spice crops
8. seed extraction
9. handling of seed processing and seed testing equipments
10. seed sampling
11. testing of vegetable seeds for seed purity
12. Testing germination
13. Testing vigour and health
14. visit to seed processing units, seed testing laboratory and seed production
farms.
53
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Agrawal PK & Dadlani M. (Eds.). 1992. Techniques in Seed Science and Technology.
South Asian Publ.
2. Agrawal RL. (Ed.). 1997. Seed Technology. Oxford & IBH.
3. Bendell PE. (Ed.). 1998. Seed Science and Technology: Indian Forestry Species. Allied
Publ.
4. Fageria MS, Arya PS & Choudhary AK. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Breeding and Seed
Production. Vol. I. Kalyani.
5. George RAT. 1999. Vegetable Seed Production. 2nd Ed. CABI.
6. Kumar JC & Dhaliwal MS. 1990. Techniques of Developing Hybrids in Vegetable Crops.
Agro Botanical Publ.
7. More TA, Kale PB & Khule BW. 1996. Vegetable Seed production Technology.
Maharashtra State Seed Corp.
8. Rajan S & Baby L Markose. 2007. Propagation of Horticultural Crops.New India Publ.
Agency.
9. Singh NP, Singh DK, Singh YK & Kumar V. 2006. Vegetable Seed Production
Technology. International Book Distributing Co.
10. Singh SP. 2001. Seed Production of Commercial Vegetables. Agrotech Publ. Academy.
HORT-539 Production Technology of Underexploited Vegetable Crops 3( 2+1)
Theory:
Introduction, botany and taxonomy, climatic and soil requirements, commercial
varieties/hybrids, sowing/planting times and methods, seed rate and seed treatment, nutritional
and irrigation requirements, intercultural operations, weed control, mulching, physiological
disorders, harvesting, post harvest management, plant protection measures and seed production
of:
UNIT I- Asparagus, artichoke and leek
UNIT II- Brussels’s sprout, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, kale and artichoke.
UNIT III- Amaranth, celery, parsley, parsnip, lettuce, rhubarb, spinach, basella, bathu
(chenopods) and chekurmanis.
UNIT IV- Elephant foot yam, lima bean, winged bean, vegetable pigeon pea, jack bean and
sword bean.
UNIT V- Sweet gourd, spine gourd, pointed gourd, Oriental pickling melon and little gourd
(kundru).
Practical:
Identification of seeds; botanical description of plants; layout and planting; cultural
practices; short-term experiments of underexploited vegetables.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction, botany and taxonomy, climatic and soil requirements,
commercial varieties/hybrids, sowing/planting times and methods, seed
54
rate and seed treatment, nutritional and irrigation requirements,
intercultural operations, weed control, mulching, physiological disorders,
harvesting, post-harvest management, plant protection measures and seed
production of Asparagus
2. -do of Asparagus
3. -do of Artichoke
4. -do of leek
5. -do of Brussels’s sprout
6. -do of Chinese cabbage
7. -do of broccoli
8. -do of kale
9. -do of Amaranth
10. -do of Amaranth
11. -do of Celery & parsley
12. -do of Parsnip & rhubarb
13. -do of Lettuce
14. -do of Lettuce
15. -do of Spinach
16. -do of Basella
17. -do of bathua (chenopods)
18. -do of chekurmanis
19. -do of Elephant foot yam
20. -do of Elephant foot yam
21. -do of Lima bean,
22. -do of winged bean
23. -do of vegetable pigeon pea
24. -do of jack bean and sword bean
25. -do of Sweet gourd
26. -do of spine gourd
27. -do of Pointed gourd
28. -do of Pointed gourd
29. -do of Oriental pickling melon
30. -do of little gourd (kundru)
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of seeds, plant& fruits
2. Identification of seeds, plant& fruits continue
3. Identification of seeds, plant& fruits continue
4. Botanical description of under exploited vegetables
5. -do-
6. -do-
7. -do-
8. Layout and planting method of under exploited vegetables
55
9. -do-
10. Cultural practices of under exploited vegetables
11. -do-
12. -do-
13. -do-
14. Short-term experiments of underexploited vegetables
15. -do-
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Bhat KL. 2001. Minor Vegetables - Untapped Potential. Kalyani.
2. lndira P & Peter KV. 1984. Unexploited Tropical Vegetables. Kerala Agricultural
University, Kerala.
3. Peter KV. (Ed.). 2007-08. Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops. Vols.
I-IV. New India Publ. Agency.
4. Rubatzky VE & Yamaguchi M. (Eds.). 1997. World Vegetables:Principles, Production
and Nutritive Values. Chapman & Hall
5. Srivastava U, Mahajan RK, Gangopadyay KK, Singh M & Dhillon BS.2001. Minimal
Descriptors of Agri-Horticultural Crops. Part-II: Vegetable Crops. NBPGR, New Delhi.
HORTI - 540 Protected Floriculture 3(2+1)
Theory:
UNIT I
Prospects of protected floriculture in India; Types of protected structures, Greenhouses,
polyhouses, shade houses, rain shelters etc., Designing and erection of protected structures; Low
cost/Medium cost/High cost structures - economics of cultivation; Location specific designs;
Structural components; Suitable flower crops for protected cultivation.
UNIT II
Environment control- management and manipulation of temperature, light, humidity, air and
CO2; Heating and cooling systems, ventilation, naturally ventilated greenhouses, fan and pad
cooled greenhouses, light regulation.
UNIT III
Containers and substrates, soil decontamination, layout of drip and fertigation system, water and
nutrient management, weed management, physiological disorders, IPM and 1DM.
UNIT IV
Crop regulation by chemical methods and special horticultural practices (pinching, disbudding,
deshooting, deblossoming, etc.); Staking and netting, Photoperiod regulation.
UNIT V
Harvest indices, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling techniques, Precooling, sorting,
grading, packing, storage, quality standards.
Practical:
Study of various protected structures, practices in design, layout and erection of different
types of structures, practices in preparatory operations, soil decontamination techniques,
practices in environmental control systems, practices in drip and fertigation techniques, special
56
horticultural practices, determination of harvest indices and harvesting methods, post harvest
handling, packing methods, project preparation, visit to commercial greenhouses.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Prospects of protected floriculture in India
2. Structural components of polyhouse
3. Type of polyhouses on the basis of design
4. Shade houses and its uses for floriculture
5. Classification of greenhouse based on cost
6. Location specific designing of polyhouse
7. Suitable flower crops for polyhouse cultivation
8. Economics of rose cultivation under protected condition
9. Economics of gerbera cultivation under protected condition
10. Economics of carnation cultivation under protected condition
11. Management and manipulation of light in polyhouse
12. Management and manipulation of temperature in polyhouse
13. Management and manipulation of air and CO2 in polyhouse
14. Heating system of polyhouse
15. Cooling system of polyhouse
16. Type of containers for polyhouse
17. Substrate/Media for polyhouse
18. Soil less media for polyhouse
19. Soil sterilization methods of polyhouse
20. Cladding material for polyhouse
21. Layout of drip system
22. Layout of fertigation system
23. Integrated weed management
24. Integrated disease management
25. Integrated pest management
26. Water management in greenhouse
27. Nutrient management in greenhouse
28. Role of chemicals in crop regulation
29. Crop regulation by horticultural practices
30. Crop regulation by photoperiod
31. Staking and netting in polyhouse
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Study on various protected structure
2. Practices in designing of protected structures
3. Layout and erection of naturally ventilated poly house
4. Layout and erection of hi-tech greenhouse
5. Practices on cooling system of poly house
6. Practices on decontamination of polyhouse soil
7. Practices on pinching of chrysanthemum
57
8. Practices on staking/netting of chrysanthemum
9. Practices on harvest indices of different flower crop
10. Practices on harvesting methods of different flower crop
11. Practices on fertigation system in polyhouse
12. Post harvest handling of rose flowers
13. Post harvest handling of chrysanthemum flowers
14. Project preparation on commercial flowers
15. Visit to commercial greenhouses
16. Economics of polyhouse grown crops
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Bhattacharjee SK. 2006. Advances in Ornamental Horticulture. Vols. I-VI. Pointer Publ.
2. Bose TK & Yadav LP. 1989. Commercial Flowers. Naya Prokash.
3. Bose TK, Maiti RO, Dhua RS & Das P. 1999. Floriculture and Landscaping. Naya
prokash.
4. Chadha KL. 1995. Advances in Horticulture. Vol. XII. Malhotra Publ. House.
5. Lauria A & V ictor HR. 200 I. Floriculture - Fundamentals and Practices. Agrobios.
6. Nelson PV. 1978. Green House Operation and Management. Reston Publ. Co.
7. Prasad S & Kumar U. 2003. Commercial Floriculture. Agrobios
8. Reddy S, Janakiram B, Balaji T, Kulkarni S & Misra RL. 2007. Hightech Floriculture.
Indian Society of Ornamental Horticulture, New Delhi.
PGS- 503 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN
AGRICULTURE(e-Course)
1(1+0)
Theory
Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property Right regime;
TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement; Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR), benefits of securing IPRs; Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of
Intellectual Properties; Fundamentals of patents, copyrights, geographical indications, designs and
layout, trade secrets and traditional knowledge, trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’
rights and biodiversity protection; Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology,
protection of other biological materials, ownership and period of protection; National Biodiversity
protection initiatives;
Convention on Biological Diversity; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture; Licensing of technologies, Material transfer agreements, Research collaboration
Agreement, License Agreement.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Historical perspectives and need for the introduction of Intellectual Property
Right regime
2. TRIPs and various provisions in TRIPS Agreement
3. Intellectual Property and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
4. benefits of securing IPRs
58
5. Indian Legislations for the protection of various types of Intellectual
Properties
6. Fundamentals of patents
7. Copyrights, geographical indications, designs and layout
8. trade secrets and traditional knowledge
9. trademarks, protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights and biodiversity
protection
10. Protectable subject matters, protection in biotechnology, protection of other
biological materials,
11. ownership and period of protection
12. National Biodiversity protection initiatives
13. Convention on Biological Diversity
14. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
15. Licensing of technologies, Material transfer agreements
16. Research collaboration Agreement, License Agreement
SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Erbisch FH & Maredia K.1998. Intellectual Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology.
CABI.
2. Ganguli P. 2001. Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing Knowledge Economy. McGraw-
Hill.
3. Intellectual Property Rights: Key to New Wealth Generation. 2001. NRDC & Aesthetic
Technologies.
4. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. 2004. State of Indian Farmer. Vol. V.
Technology Generation and IPR Issues. Academic Foundation.
5. Rothschild M & Scott N. (Ed.). 2003. Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and
Genetics. CABI.
6. Saha R. (Ed.). 2006. Intellectual Property Rights in NAM and Other Developing Countries: A
Compendium on Law and Policies. Daya Publ. House.
7. The Indian Acts - Patents Act, 1970 and amendments; Design Act, 2000;
8. Trademarks Act, 1999; The Copyright Act, 1957 and amendments; Layout
9. Design Act, 2000; PPV and FR Act 2001, and Rules 2003; National Biological Diversity Act,
2003.
PGS 506 DISASTER MANAGEMENT (e-Course) 1(1+0)
Theory:
UNIT I-Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods,
Drought, Cyclone, Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches, Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves,
Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion
UNIT II- Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building
fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater
pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents.
UNIT III- Disaster Management- Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels.
International Strategy for Disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster
management framework; financial arrangements; role of NGOs, Community-based organizations,
and media. Central, State, District and local Administration; Armed forces in Disaster response;
Disaster response: Police and other organizations.
59
Lecture schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects
2. Floods, Drought, Cyclone, ,
3. Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches
4. Volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold Waves,
5. Climatic Change: Global warming, Sea Level rise, Ozone Depletion
6. Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters,
7. Building fire, coal fire, forest fire. Oil fire,
8. Air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, Industrial wastewater pollution,
9. Road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents
10. Efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels
11. International Strategy for Disaster reduction.;
12. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework
13. Financial arrangements
14. Role of NGOs, Community-based organizations, and media;
15. Central, State, District and local Administration; Armed forces in Disaster
response
16. Disaster response: Police and other organizations
SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Gupta HK. 2003. Disaster Management. Indian National Science Academy. Orient
Blackswan.
2. Hodgkinson PE & Stewart M. 1991. Coping with Catastrophe: A Handbook of Disaster
Management. Routledge.
3. Sharma VK. 2001. Disaster Management. National Centre for Disaster Management, India.
60
M.Sc. Horticulture Semester IV
S. No. Course No. Course Title Cr. Hrs
1 HORT-541 Seminar 1 (1+0)
2 HORT-591 Comprehensive NC
3 HORT-599 Research 20