syllabus in ana 101 (anatomy and physiology) - copy

Republic of the PhilippinesNORTH LUZON PHILIPPINES STATE COLLEGE

Candon City, Ilocos Sur

COURSE SYLLABUS

I. Course Code: Ana 101

II. Descriptive Title: Anatomy and Physiology

III. Credit/Unit: 3 Units

IV. Pre-requisite: NoneConsultation Hours: 1:00 – 2:00 PM / MWF

V. Course Description:

This course deals with human in terms of its adaptations, structural framework, with emphasis on physiology regulations’ adaptive mechanisms, integrates lectures with laboratory experiences and techniques necessary in clinical situations.

VI. Course Objectives:

At the end of the course and given situations/conditions, the students should be able to:

A. describe the anatomic structures and physiologic mechanisms/processes/systems involved in the following physiologic concepts:1. locomotion2. fluid transport3. gas exchange4. fluid and electrolyte, acid/base dynamics5. nutrition metabolism

6. chemical regulation7. neural regulation8. sensory intake9. protection10. awareness and response to the environment11. reproduction

VII. Course Requirements:

A. regular attendanceB. active participation in class activitiesC. assignmentsD. laboratory activitiesE. quizzes and examinations

VIII. Grading System:

40 % - Long examinations (midterm and final exams)30 % - Quizzes20 % - Class Participation, Class Activities10 % - attendance

IX. Statement of the Vision, Mission and Goals of the College:

Vision: NLPSC is a dynamic institution of higher learning, producing competent and socially responsible human resource, for the sustainable development of North Philippines.

Mission: NLPSC is committed to produce competent graduates through innovative, quality and relevant academic programs, and to create and disseminate new knowledge and appropriate technologies anchored on responsible research and extension programs, for the sustainable development of North Philippines.

Goals:

1. Offer quality innovative curricular programs to produce the human resource needs of the service area.2. Undertake responsive research and extension services to create and disseminate new knowledge and appropriate technologies.3. Provide adequate and effective services for students’ holistic development.4. Establish and implement viable IGPs to augment financial resources for institutional development.5. Institutionalize quality management systems and good governance towards a culture of integrity and excellence. 6. Establish network and linkages with LGUs, GOs, NGOs and other funding and donor institutions, both local and international, to generate resources.

X. Course Content:

Specific Objectives Topics Approaches / Strategies /

Techniques / Activities

Time Allotment Evaluation Method

Values Infused ReferencesLec Lab

Part I. The Human Body: Organizing Principles

At the end of Part I, the student should be able to:

1. list some historic events that helped define the sciences of anatomy and physiology;

2. describe the essential life functions;

3. list the physical conditions required to sustain life;

4. describe the different levels of organization in the human body;

5. describe the general

I. The Human Body: Organizing Principles

A. Anatomy1. Definition2. Types of Study

a. Systemic Anatomyb. Regional Anatomyc. Surface Anatomy

B. Physiology1. Definition2. Types of Study

a. According to the Organism Involved

b. According to the Levels of Organism within a Given Organism

Suggested Strategies:

1. Lecture/ Discussion

2. Multi-media Presentation

3. Use of Models

Suggested Activities:

Identify body regions and cavities and the organs found within each cavity using a model.

2 hours

Recitation

Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

1. Appreciate the role played by early scientists in the development of anatomy and physiology as a science.

2. Apply mastered concepts or information to real-life situations.

3. Creativeness in solving problems.

4. Appreciate the need to take care of oneself properly.

5. Sound decision making.

Shier, D. et al. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Ninth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.

Colbert, et al. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Copyright 2007. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

function of each body system;

6. identify the planes of reference used to depict the structural arrangement of the human body;

7. describe the anatomical position and use the descriptive and directional terms that refer to body structures, surfaces and regions;

8. list the regions of the body and the localized areas within each region;

9. identify body cavities and list the organs found within each; and

10. define homeostasis and explain how negative feedback helps to maintain homeostasis.

C. Structural and Functional Organization

1. Seven Structural Levelsa. Chemicalb. Organellec. Celld. Tissuese. Organsf. Organ Systemsg. Organism

D. Characteristics of Life1. Organization2. Metabolism3. Responsiveness4. Growth5. Development6. Reproduction

E. Homeostasis

1. Negative Feedback2. Positive Feedback

F. Terminologies and Body Planes

1. Directional Terms2. Planes/Sections3. Body Regions4. Body Cavities5. Serous Membranes

Suggested Requirements:

1. Labelled drawings of the planes of reference and terms indicating directions with reference to the body in an anatomical position.

2. Answers to exercises.

3. Quizzes and unit tests.

2 hours

2 hours

3 hours

2 hours

6. Responsibility and resourcefulness.

7. Intellectual honesty and analytical thinking.

Part II. Cells, Tissues, Glands and Membranes

At the end of Part II, the student should be able to:

1. explain the molecular structure of a cell membrane;

2. describe the structure and function of cellular organelles;

3. define selective permeability, diffusion (including simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis), active transport, passive transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic;

4. explain the significance and process of protein synthesis;

5. name the four major types of tissues and their subcategories, explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and functionally;

6. describe the characteristics, locations and functions of the four major types of tissues;

II. Cells, Tissues, Glands and Membranes

A. Cells

1. Cell Structures and Functions

2. Whole Cell Activity

B. Tissues

1. Basic Tissue Typesa. Epithelial Tissueb. Connective Tissuec. Muscle Tissued. Nervous Tissuee. Membranesf. Inflammationg. Tissue Repair

C. The Chemistry of Life

1. Basic Chemistry2. Chemical Reactions3. Acids and Bases4. Water5. Organic Molecules





Draw and identify a human cell and its parts.


1. Labelled drawings of the cell.



1 hour

3 hours

1 hour

2 hours

2 hours

Recitation

Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

Van de Graaf, et al. Synopsis of Human Anatomy and Physiology. Copyright 1997. McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

Rizzo, D. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. Second Edition. Michigan: Thompson Delmar Learning.

Marieb, Elaine N. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Seventh Edition. San Francisco. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

7. discuss the regenerative abilities of the various tissues of the body;

8. define gland and distinguish between the various glands in the body;

9. define the structure of an atom and its components, and subatomic particles;

10. list the major chemical elements found in living organisms;

11. compare the differences between ionic and covalent bonding and how molecules formed by either ionic and covalent bonds react in water; and

12. define acid and base and explain the pH scale.

Part III. The Integumentary System

After studying this unit, the student should be able to:

1. name the layers of the skin;

2. define keratinization;3. explain why there are skin

color differences among people;

4. describe the anatomic parts of the hair;

III. The Integumentary System

A. Structure of the Skin

B. Accessory Skin Structure





Draw and identify the skin and its structures.

2 hours 3 hours

Recitation

Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

5. compare the two kinds of glands in the skin based on structure and secretions;

6. explain why sweating is important to survival; and

7. name and explain the functions of the skin.


1. Labelled drawings of the skin and its accessory structures.



Part IV. The Skeletal System

After studying this unit, the students should be able to:

1. name the functions of the skeletal system;

2. name the two types of ossification;

3. describe why diet can affect bone development in children and bone maintenance in older adults;

4. describe the histology of compact bone;

5. define and give examples of bone markings;

6. name the cranial and facial bones; and

7. name the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton.

IV. The Skeletal System

A. Major ComponentsB. Connective TissuesC. General Feature of BoneD. General Classification of

Bone Anatomy





Identify the different bones of the skeletal system using a skeleton model.


1. Labelled drawings of the axial and appendicular skeleton.

3 hours 4 hours Recitation

Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests



Part V. The Muscular System

At the end of this unit, the student should be able to:

1. describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscles;

2. describe and compare the basic differences between the anatomy of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles;

3. explain the current concept of muscle contraction based on three factors: neuroelectrical, chemical and energy sources;

4. define muscle tone and compare isotonic and isometric contractions;

5. locate the major muscles of the axial and appendicular skeleton and give some examples of synergistic and antagonistic muscles; and

6. list factors that can cause muscles to malfunction, causing various disorders.

V. The Muscular System

A. Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles

B. Smooth Muscle Anatomy

C. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy





Identify the major muscles of the axial and appendicular skeleton.


1. Labelled drawings of the axial and appendicular skeleton.




Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

Part VI. The Nervous System

At the end of the unit, the student should be able to:

1. name the major subdivisions of the nervous system;

2. classify the different types of neuroglial cells;

3. list the structural and functional classification of neurons;

4. explain how a neuron transmits a nerve impulse;

5. list the principal parts of the brain and functions of its major parts;

6. list the 12 cranial nerves and their functions;

7. name the parts of the autonomic nervous system and describe how it functions; and

8. describe the structure and general distribution of a spinal nerve and discuss the location and function of each of the four nerve plexuses.

VI. The Nervous System

A. Division of the Nervous System

B. Cells of the Nervous System

C. Central Nervous System

D. Peripheral Nervous System

E. Autonomic Nervous System





Identify the major parts of the brain using a brain model.


1. Labelled drawings of the major parts of the brain and spinal cord.




Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

Part VII. The Special Senses


1. describe the structures involved in the sense of smell and trace the sensory pathway of olfaction;

2. describe the structures involved in the sense of taste and identify the cranial nerves that serve the tongue with sensory fibers;

3. describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structure of the eyeball;

4. trace the path of light rays through the eye and explain how these rays are focused on distant and near objects;

5. describe the structures of the ear that relate to hearing, including their location and function;

6. trace the path of sound waves through the ear and how these waves are transmitted and converted to nerve

VII. The Special Senses

A. Major Groups

B. General Senses

C. Special Senses





1. Labelled drawings of the special sense organs.




Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

impulses; and7. explain why balance is

maintained.Part VIII. The Endocrine System


1. list the functions of the hormones;

2. classify hormones into their major chemical categories;

3. describe how the hypothalamus of the brain controls the endocrine system;

4. name the endocrine glands and state where they are located; and

5. list the major hormones and their effects on the body.

VIII. The Endocrine System

A. Hormones

B. The Other Endocrine Glands and their Hormones

C. Other Hormones


Lecture/ Discussion


1. Labelled drawings of the different endocrine glands.




Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

Part IX. The Cardiovascular System


1. describe the organization of the circulatory system and state the general functions of its major components;

2. describe the structure and

IX. The Cardiovascular System

A. The Heart1. The Blood Vessels and

Circulation of Blooda. Structure and

Functionb. Blood Vessels of

the Pulmonary Circulation

c. Blood Vessels of





Identify the major

3 hours 7hours

Recitation

Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

functions of the heart including the major vessels that enter and exit into it;

3. describe the physical characteristics and functions of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets and explain how they are formed;

4. describe the ABO and Rh blood groups and explain how blood typing is performed;

5. explain how blood clots are formed and dissolved;

6. trace the flow of blood through the heart and distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circulations; and

7. describe the fetal circulation.

the Systemic Circulation

d. The Physiology of Circulation

e. Control of Blood Vessels

f. Regulation of Arterial Pressure

B. The Blood1. Function2. Composition of Blood

a. Plasmab. Cellular Contentc. WBC or Leukocytesd. Platelets or

Thrombocytes

C. Preventing Blood Loss

parts of the brain using a brain model.





2 hours

Part X. The Lymphatic System and Immunity


1. describe the structure and functions of the lymphatic system;

2. explain what lymph is and how it forms;

X. The Lymphatic System and Immunity

A. Functions

B. Lymphatic Vessels

C. Lymphatic Organs

D. Immunity


Lecture/ Discussion


1. Labelled drawings of the lymphatic system.


Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

3. describe lymph flow through the body;

4. name the principal lymphatic trunks;

5. describe the functions of the tonsils, spleen and thymus gland;

6. describe the different types of immunity; and

7. define an antigen and an antibody.



Part XI. The Digestive System


1. describe the activities of the digestive system and list its structures and regions;

2. name the major and accessory organs of the digestive tract and their component anatomic parts;

3. list the four layers /tunics of the digestive tract;

4. explain the major digestive enzymes and how they function;

5. describe the structure of the liver, gall bladder and pancreas and discuss their various functions;

XI. The Digestive System

A. Activities in the Digestive System

B. Trunks or Layers of the Digestive Tract

C. Organs and Functions of the Digestive System

D. Movements and Secretions in the Digestive System

E. Metabolism





Identify the different structures of the digestive system using a model.




Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

6. explain how absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestines and how feces form in the large intestine; and

7. name and describe the functions of the organs of the digestive tract.



Part XII. The respiratory System


1. discuss the functions of the respiratory system and distinguish between the conducting and respiratory division structures;

2. name the organs of the respiratory system and tell their functions;

3. name the three areas of the pharynx and explain their anatomy;

4. explain how the anatomy of the trachea prevents collapse during breathing and allows for esophageal expansion during swallowing;

5. explain what is meant by the term bronchial tree;

6. describe the structure and

XII. The Respiratory System

A. Anatomy of the Respiratory System1. Nose and Nasal Cavities2. Pharynx3. Larynx4. Trachea5. Bronchi and Smaller Air

Passage6. Lungs7. Pleural Cavities

B. Ventilation and Lung Volumes1. Phases of Ventilation2. Mechanism of

Ventilation3. Collapse of the Lungs4. Pulmonary Volumes

and Capacities

C. Gas Exchange

D. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood





Identify the major structures of the respiratory system.


1. Labelled drawings of the respiratory system.



1 hour

2 hours

1 hour

5 hours

Recitation

Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

function of the lungs and pleura;

7. describe the overall process of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues;

8. define ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration; and

9. describe how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood and explain how ventilation affects the blood pH.

E. Modification and Ventilation

Part XIII. The Urinary System and Fluid Balance


1. identify the components of the urinary system and describe the gross structure of the kidney;

2. define the function of the urinary system;

3. name the external layers of the kidney;

4. define the internal parts of the kidney: cortex, medulla, medullary pyramids, renal papillae, renal columns and major and minor calyces;

5. name the parts of a

XIII. The Urinary System and Fluid Balance

A. Structure and Function

B. Kidney

C. Ureters

D. Urinary Bladder

E. Urethra





1. Labelled drawings of the urinary system.




Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

nephron and describe the flow of urine through this renal tubule;

6. list the functions of the nephrons;

7. explain how urine flows down the ureters;

8. describe micturition and the role of stretch receptors in the bladder;

9. compare the length and course of the male urethra to the female urethra;

10. name the normal constituents of urine; and

11. explain how the kidneys help to regulate the acid-base balance of the blood.

Part XIV. Fluids and Electrolytes


1. discuss the function, distribution, movement and regulation of fluids and electrolytes in the blood;

2. describe the regulation of acid-base balance in the blood, including the roles of the lungs, the kidneys and buffers;

3. identify factors affecting

XIV. Fluids and Electrolytes

A. Body Fluid Compartments

B. Composition of Fluid in the Body Fluid Compartments

C. Exchange between Body Fluid Compartments

D. Regulation of Extra-cellular Fluid Composition

E. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance


Lecture/ Discussion





Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

Kozier, B.et al., Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts, Process and Practice, 8th Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

normal body fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance; and

4. discuss the risk factors and the causes and effects of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances.

F. Alterations in the Buffering Mechanisms

Part XV. The Reproductive System


1. name the internal parts of a testis;

2. explain the effects of testosterone on the male body;

3. describe the process of spermatogenesis;

4. define semen and what glands contribute to its composition;

5. name the three parts of the male urethra;

6. describe the development of a follicle, before and after ovulation;

7. describe the process of oogenesis;

8. name the parts of the uterus;

9. name the external genitalia of the female;

10. describe the phases of the

XV. The Reproductive System

A. Male Reproductive System

1. Parts

2. Physiology of Male Reproduction

B. Female Reproductive System

1. Parts

2. Physiology of the Female Reproduction





Identify the external structures of the male and female reproductive system using a model.


1. Labelled drawings of the male and female reproductive system.


3. Quizzes and unit


Exercises

Quizzes

Drawings

Unit Tests

menstrual cycle; and11. describe lactation and the

function of the mammary glands.

tests.

Prepared by: Noted by: Recommending Approval: Approved by:

AMELIA C. ANTONIO, MAN ESTRELLA C. GAERLAN, MAN JAIME G. RARAS, Ed.D. CARIDAD O. ABUAN, Ed.D.Assistant Professor I Head, Midwifery Program Director for Academic Affairs OIC, Office of the President

syllabus in ana 101 (anatomy and physiology) - copy

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