Syllabus for BA/MA Course in Geography

STRUCTURE OF SYLLABUS – B. A.

COURSE PART SEMESTER PAPER NO. TITLE OF THE PAPER MARKS

B.A.

ONE I I Fundamentals of Geography 70 + 30

II Geography of World 70 + 30II I Physical Geography 70 + 30

II Practical Geography 70 + 30

TWO III I Human Geography 70 + 30

II Practical Geography 70 + 30IV I Climatology 70 + 30

II Remote Sensing & GIS 70 + 30

THRE

E VI Geography of India 70 + 30II Economic Geography 70 + 30III Practical Geography 70 + 30

VII Environmental Geo. & Disaster Mgmt. 70 + 30II Social, Cultural & Political Geography 70 + 30III Field Trip and Report Writing 70 + 30

STRUCTURE OF SYLLABUS – M.A

COURSE PART SEMESTER PAPER NO. TITLE OF THE PAPER MARKS

M.A

.

ONE

I

I Geographical Thoughts 80+20II Geomorphology 80+20III Remote Sensing & Gis 80+20

IV A Population Geography 80+20IV B Settlement Geography 80+20

V Practical Geography 80+20

II

I India:A Geographical Analysis 80+20II Climatology 80+20III Political Geography 80+20

IV A Resources Use And Management 80+20IV B Tourism Geography 80+20

V Practical Geography 80+20

TWO

III

I Regional Development & MultilevelPlanning

80+20

II Global Environmental Issues -Pollution & Hazards 80+20III Agricultural Geography 80+20

IV A Urban Geography 80+20IV B Computer Application In Geography 80+20

V Practical Geography 80+20

IV

I Landuse Analysis & Planning 80+20II Social And Cultural Geography 80+20III Oceanography 80+20

IV A Geography Of Water Resources 80+20IV B Medical Geography 80+20

V Practical Geography 80+20

Paper- I, Title: Fundamentals of GeographyMM.-70+30(Theory+Internal Marks)

1

Unit - I Nature of Geography - Meaning, Definition, Scope, Approach, Objectives and Relevance; Main Phase in the Development of Geography; Geography's Core Concepts; Place of Geography in the Classification of Sciences; Branches of Geography; Dualism in Geography; A Brief History Of Geography.

Unit - II The Physical Dimension in Geography; The Universe; The Solar System; Earth as an Unique Planet; Phases of Moon; The Earth Movement; Shape of the Earth; Mathematical Location of Places on the Globe; Latitudes; Longitudes & Time Calculation.

Unit - III The Human Dimension in Geography; Man & Environment; Society, Culture & Civilization; Population; Economic Structure.

Unit – IVApplied Geography; Recent Trends in Geography; Modern Concepts in Geography; Study of Geography in India; Career Opportunities for Geographers.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Contemporary American Geography; Routlege New Jersey. 1992. 2. Dikshit R.D. Geographical Thought- A contextual History of Ideas. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 2000. 3. Dohrs. F.E. and Sommers, L.W. (sds.) Introduction to Geography, Thomas Y. Crowell Co. Chicago, 1959 4. Harvey. David: Explanation in Geography Edward-Amold, London, 1972 5. Holt-Jensen, AGeography: Its History and Concepts, Longmans, 1980 6. Husain, Majid: Evolution of Geographical Thought, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 1984 7. James, P.E.: All Possivle Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas. Sachin Publication, Jaipur 8. Johnston, P.J. and Claval, P. (eds.): Geography Since the Second Wold War. Croom Helm. London/Bernes

and Noble, N.J. 1984. 9. Jones, PA/:Fieldwork in Geography, Longmans, 1968. 10. Lownsburg. J.F. and Aldrich, F.T.: Introduction to Geographical Methods and Techniques, Charles Marrili,

Columbus, 1979. 11. Matthews J.A. and Herbert D.T.; Geography: A very short introduction, oxford university press, New Yark, 2009.12. Minshull, R: The changing Nature of Geography. Hutchinson University Library, London, 1970 13. Wooldridge S.W.: The Geographer As Scientist, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. London. 1956.14. Fundamentals of physical geography, Class XI, N.C.E.R.T, New Delhi.15. A text book of Geography, Class VI to VIII, ICSE, New Delhi.

2

Paper- II, Title: Geography of World

MM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit - I Asia: Physiographic, Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, Agriculture; Minerals, Population & Industrial Region; Important Countries- Japan & Bhutan.

Unit - II Africa: Physiographic, Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, Agriculture; Minerals, Population & Industrial Region; Important Countries- Egypt & Madagascar.

Unit - III North & South America: Physiographic, Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, Agriculture; Minerals, Population &Industrial Region; Important Countries – Canada & Chile.

Unit - IV Europe, Oceania & Antarctica: Physiographic, Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, Agriculture; Minerals, Population & Industrial Region; Important Countries- France & Australia.

Suggested Readings:

1. Pearcy G.E. & Field RH, World Political Geography Thomas Y.C. Comp., New York 2. Fenneman : Physiography of Western US., Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York 3. Alexander, John, W.: Economic Geography, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1988. 4. Chatterjee, S.P.: Economic Geography of India. Allied Book Agency, Calcutta, 1984. 5. Eckarsley, R (ed.): Markets, the State and Environment. McMillan, London, 1995. 6. Estall, R.C. and RC. Buchanan: Industrial Activity and Economic Geography. 7. Hutchinson University Library, London, 1963. 8. Hamilton, I. (ed.): Resources and Industries. Oxford University Press, New York, 1992. 9. Husain Majid (2004) World Geography 10. Claval P. (2002) An Introduction to Region Geography 11. Tirtha R (2001) Geography of Asia 12. James P. American Geography: Problems & Prospects 13. Dixit K.S. Introduction to Geography (2008) 14. Rao B.P. Geographical Analysis of Asia (2008) 15. Srivastava H., Regional Geography (2008) 16. Satpathi D.P., China Ka Bhogolik Swaroop (2006) 17. Chaurasia B.P., Regional Pattarn of Japan (2007) 18. Singh Jagdish, Three Southrn Continents (2008) 19. Geography – Book 6; R.K. Jain, ICSE, Ratna Sagar Publication.20. Panorama: A Textbook of geography, class VII, ICSE, United Publishing House, New Delhi

3

Paper- I, Title: Physical GeographyMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I Meaning, Definition, Scope & Branches of Physical Geography. Geological Time Seale. Origin of The Earth. Interior of the Earth; Rocks: Origin & Classification.

Unit II Composition & Structure of the Earth. Origin of Continents & Oceans: Wegner’s Theory & Plate Tectonics. Major Landforms: Mountains, Plateaus & Plains. Gradational Processes: Weathering & Erosion; Works of Water, Glacier & Wind.

Unit III Composition & Structure of the Atmosphere; Insolation; Temperature: Vertical & Horizontal Distribution; Pressure & Pressure Belts; Winds: Planetary, Periodic & Local.

Unit IV Theories of Origin of Ocean Basin, Physical Properties of Sea Water: Temperature & Salinity; Ocean Currents; Tides & Coral Reefs.

Suggested Readings

1. Barry, R. G. and Chorley, R. J. (1998): Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Routledge, London. 2. Bryant, H. Richard (200 I): Physical Geography Made Simple, Rupa and Company. New Delhi 3. Bunnett, R.B. (2003): Physical Geography in Diagrams, Fourth GCSE edition, Pearson Education (Singapore)

Private Ltd. 4. Garrison, T. (1998): Oceanography, Wordsworth Company., Belmont. 5. Lake, P. (1979): Physical Geography (English and Hindi editions), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 6. Leong Goh Cheng (2003): Certificate Physical and Human Geography, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 7. Monkhouse, F.1. (1979): Physical Geography. Methuen, London 8. Singh, S. (2003): Physical Geography. (English and Hindi editions) Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad; 9. Trewartha, G.T., Robinson, A.H., Hammond, E.H., and Horn, A.T. (1976/1990): Fundamentals

of Physical Geography, 3rd edition. MacGraw-Hill, New York. 10. Singh, M.B. (200 I): Bhoutik Bhugol, Tara Book Agency, Varanasi 11. Singh, S.N. and Singh, V. (2002): Bhoutik Bhugol, Mishra Trading Corporation, Varanasi. 12. Strahler, A.N. and Stahler, A.M. (1992): Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 13. Wooldridge, S.W. and Morgan, R.S. (1959): The Physical Basis of Geography- An Outline of Geomorphology.

Longman, London.14. Fundamentals of physical geography, Class XI, N.C.E.R.T, New Delhi.

4

Paper- II, Title: Practical Geography

MM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I: Meaning Definition; Nature & Scope of Cartography. Globe & Maps, Essentials ofMaps; History of Map-Making; Types & Uses of Maps.

Unit II:Scale; Conversion of Scale: Statement to R. F. & R. F. to Statement; Simple, Diagonal, Comparative & Vernier Scale; Reduction & Enlargement of Maps.

Unit III:Relief: Hachures, Contours, Form Lines, Spot Height, Bench Mark, Trig Point, Layer Tints ; Representation of Landforms by Contours: Types of Slope, Conical Hill, Plateau, V Shaped Valley, U Shaped Valley, Water Fall, Ridge; Profile (Serial, Superimposed, Composite & Projected) ; Block Diagrams; Interpretation of Topographical Sheets.

Unit IV: Organize Field Visit to collect field data. Field work report should be prepared based on collected data and it should be submitted in practical examination. Main objective of the field work is to provide the students with the understanding of ground reality of a chosen site i.e. village/town/tourist site by observation. One aspect such as geomorphic forms and processes, land use, irrigation, economic activities, village morphology, population characteristics etc. should be selected for field work.

Suggested Readings

1. Monkhouse, F. J. and Wilkinson, FJ. (1985): Maps and Diagrams. Methuen, London 2. Raisz, E. (1962): General Cartography. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 5th edition. 3. Sarkar, A. K. (1997): Practical Geography: A Systematic Approach. Orient Longman, Kolkata. 4. Sharma, J. P. (2001): Prayogik Bhugol., Rastogi Publication, Meerut 3rd. edition. 5. Singh, R.L. and Singh, Rana P.B. (1993): Elements of Practical Geography. (Hindi and English editions).

Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi,. 6. Singh, L.R. (2006): Fundamentals of Practical Geography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 7. Practical Geography, N.C.E.R.T. Class XI & XII.8. Practical Geography, ICSE Class XI & XII

5

Paper- I, Title: Human GeographyMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Nature & Scope of Human Geography; Branches of Human Geography; Concept of Man Environment Relationship: Determinism, Possibilism & Neo- Determinism; Division of Mankind into Racial Groups: Characteristics & Distribution.

Unit-II Human Adaptation to the Environment: Eskimo, Bushman, Masai, Naga & Tharu; Hazards & Disaster: Origin, Types, Causes, Impact, Mitigation & Management . Unit- III Growth of Population; Distribution of Population; World Distribution Pattern: Physical, Economic & Social Factors; Migration: Internal & International; Trends of Urbanization.

Unit-IV Settlements: Types & Pattern; Rural and Urban Settlement in India & World; Rural Settlement & House Types in India; Cultural Regions of the World. Suggested Readings

1. Chisholm, M. (1985): Human Geography, 2nd edition, Penguin Books, London. 2. De Blij, H.J. (1996): Human Geography: Culture, Society and Space, 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons, New

York, 3. Fellman, J. D., Arthur, G., Judith, G., Hopkins, J. and Dan, S. (2007): Human Geography: Landscapes of

Human Activities. McGraw-Hill, New York. loth edition. 4. Haggett, P. (2004): Geography: A Modern Synthesis. 8th edition, Harper and Row, New York. 5. Husain, M. (1994): Human Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur. 6. Johnston, R. J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. and Watts, M. (2000): The Dictionary of Human Geography. 4th edition,

Basil Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. 7. Kaushik, S.D. and Sharma, A.K. (1996): Principles of Human Geography (in Hindi), Rastogi Publication, Meerut. 8. Michael, C. M. (\ 997): Process and Change in Human Geography. Nelson, London. 9. Norton, W. (1995): Human Geography, Oxford University Press, New York. 10. Singh, K. N. and Singh, J. (2001): Manav Bhugol. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Gorakhpur. 2nd edition. 11. Singh, L.R. (2005): Fundamentals of Human Geography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad 12. Smith, D. M.(1977): Human Geography- A Welfare Approach, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London 13. Stoddard, R.H., Wishart, D.J. and Blouet, B.W. (1986): Human Geography. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,

New Jersey.

6

Paper- II, Title: Practical GeographyMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I Types of Cartographic Symbols: Points, Line & Areas; Distribution Maps: Dot, Isopleth, Choropleth, Chorochromatic & Choroschematic; Pie Diagram; Cartogram: Traffic Flow Diagram, Isochronic Cartogram.

Unit-II Map Projections: General Principles, Classification; Draw Graticules of Conical, Cylindrical & Zenithal Projections by Graphical Method.

Unit-III Basic Statistical Methods; Measure of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode; Representation of Geographical Data: Bar Diagram, Histogram, Frequency Curve, Frequency Polygon, Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive.

Unit-IV Use of Meteorological Instruments; Maximum and Minimum Thermometer, Dry & Wet Bulb Thermometer, Fortin's Barometer, Aneroid Barometer, Rain Gauge, Wind Vane, Anemometer; Classification of Indian Meteorological Observatories & Method of Collection of Weather Data; Representation of Rainfall Dispersion Diagram, Climograph & Hythergraph.

Suggested Readings

1. Gregory, S. Statistical Methods and the Geographers. Longman S. London, 1963 2. Khan, Z.A. Text Book of Practical Geography Concept Publishing Co. New Delhi. 3. Lawarence, G.R.P. Cartograpinic Methods. Methuen, London, 1968. 4. Monkhouse, FJ. & H.R. Winkinson. Maps and Diagrams. Methuen. London, 1994. 5. Pal, K. Statistics for Geoscientists- Techniques and Approaches. Concept, New

Delhi, 1998 6. Sarkar, A.K. Practical Geography- A Systematic Approach. Orient Longman, Calcutta, 1997. 7. Raisz, E. (1962): Principles of Cartography, McGraw Hill, New York. 8. Robinson, A. H., Sale. R. D., Morrison, J. L. and Muchrcke, P. C. (1984):

Elements of Cartography. 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 9. Sharma, J. P. (2001): Prayogik Bhugol., Rastogi Publication, Meerut 3rd edition. 10. Singh, R.L. and Singh Raila P.B. (1993): Elements of Practical Geography. (Hindi and English editions). Kalyani

Publishers, New Delhi.

7

Paper- I, Title: Climatology

MM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I Meaning & Scope of Climatology; Atmospheric Chemistry; Insolation: Determinants & Distribution; Temperature: Factors, Distribution and Processes of Heating & Cooling of the Atmosphere.

Unit II Heat Budget of Earth & Atmosphere; Temperature Change; Air Stability & its Importance; Laws of Horizontal Motion & General Atmospheric Circulation.

Unit III Monsoon; Jet Stream and their Significance with Reference to India; Precipitation:Forms & Types; Air Masses: Classification & Modification; Fronts: Source Regions,Types & Associated Weather.

Unit IV Cyclones: Tropical & Temperate; Climatic Classification: Koppen & Thornthwaite; Climatic Change: Evidences & Theories; Global Warming & Micro-Climate,

Suggested Readings

1. Barry, R.G. and Carleton, M. (200 I): Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology, Routledge, London. 2. Chorley, R.J. (200 I): Atmosphere, Wea~Oimate. Methuen, London. 3. Critchfield, H.J. (2002): General Climatology. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi4. Finch, J. e. and Trewartha, G. T.: Elements of Weather and Climate. Prentice-Hall, London. 5. Kendrew, W.e. (1998): Climatology. Edward Arnold, London. 5th edition. 6. Lal, D.S.(l986): Climatology. Chaitanya Publications, Allahabad. 7. Oliver, J.E. and Hidore, J.J. (2003): Climatology: An Atmospheric Science, Pearson Education Private Ltd,

Patparganj, Delhi. 8. Robinson, P. J. and Henderson, S. (1999): Contemporary Climatology, 2nd edition, Pearson Education Ltd.,

Harlow, UK. 9. Singh, M.B. (1998): Jalvayu Avam Samudra Vigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi. 10. Singh, M.B. (1999): Jalvayu Avam Jal Vigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi,. 11. Singh, S. (2005): Climatology. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 12. Singh, S. (2006): Jalvayu Vigyan. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 13. Anthes , R. (1997) Meteorology, Seventh Edition PHI , New Delhi.

8

Paper- II, Title: Remote Sensing & GISMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I Historical Development of Remote Sensing ; Relevance of Remote Sensing in Geography, Concepts & Basic Requirements of Satellite Remote Sensing: Platforms & Sensors, Orbital Characteristics, Whiskbroom Scanners, Pushbroom Scanners, & Data Products.

Unit II Image Processing: Visual & Digital; Significance of Secondary / in-situ data, Ground Truth Verification; Preprocessing / Rectification and Restoration; Data Enhancement, Spectral Pattern Recognition; Microwave Sensing: SLAR Imageries; Elements of Passive Microwave Sensing; Remote Sensing Applications & Mapping in India: Case Studies ( Landuse Planning, Forest Management, Wasteland Management etc.)

Unit III Concept of GIS; Maps & Spatial Information; Dynamics and Selection of Spatial Information; Concept of Spatial & Non-Spatial Data; Computer Environment for GIS (Hardware & Software Requirement); Spatial Data: Raster-Vector Structure- Conversion & Comparison; Elements of GIS: Data Capture, Verification & Processing; Storage &Maintenance; Data Manipulation, Analysis, Overlay Analysis. Unit IV Integration of GIS; Remote Sensing & GPS Data Application; Use of Satellite Imagery & other Categories of Maps for GIS (Landuse Planning, Forest Management, Wasteland Management etc)

Suggested Readings

1. Campell, J. B. (2003): Introduction to Remote Sensing. 4th edition. Taylor and Francis, London. 2. Chaunial, D. D. (2004): Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System(in Hindi), Sharda Pustak

Bhawan, Allahabad 3. Cracknell, A. and Ladson, H. (1990): Remote Sensing Year Book. Taylor and Francis, London. 4. Curran, P.1. (1985): Principles of Remote Sensing. Longman, London. 5. Deekshatulu, B.L. and Rajan, Y.S. (ed.) (1984): Remote Sensing. Indian Academy of Science, Bangalore. 6. Floyd, F. and Sabins, Jr. (1986): Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation. W.H. Freeman, New York. 7. Gautam, N.C. and Raghavswamy, V. (2004). Land Use/ Land Cover and Management Practices in India. B.S.

Publication., Hyderabad. 8. Jensen, l.R. (2004): Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective. Prentice-Hall,

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Indian reprint available. 9. Lillesand, T.M. and Kiefer, R.W. (2000): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. John Wiley and Sons, New

York. 10. Nag, P. (ed.) (1992): Thematic Cartography and Remote Sensing. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi. 11. Rampal, K.K. (1999): Handbook of Aerial Photography and Interpretation. Concept Publishing. Company. New

Delhi

9

Paper- I, Title: Geography of BangladeshMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I Geology; Physiographic Divisions; Drainage System; Climate and Climatic Regions;Soil & Vegetation

Unit II Minerals & Power Resources (Iron ore, Bauxite, Coal & Petroleum); Multipurpose Projects; Irrigation; Major Industries (Iron & Steel, Cotton Textile, Sugar & Cement).

Unit III Crops (Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton & Tea) & Agricultural Regions; Green Revolution & its Consequences

Unit IV Macro-Regions of India & their Geographical Specialities; Transport & Communication; Trade: Composition & Recent Changes. .

Suggested Readings

I. Chauhan, P.R. and Prasad, M. (2003): Bharat Ka Vrihad Bhugol, Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur. 2. Farmer, B.H. (1983): An Introduction to South Asia. Methuen, London 3. Gautam, A. (2006): Advanced Geography ofIndia, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad 4. Johnson, B.L.e. (1963): Development in South Asia. Penguin Books, Harrnondsworth 5. Krishnan, M.S. (J 982): Geology of India and Burma, CAS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi. 6. Khullar, D.R. (2007): India: A Comprehensive Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi 7. Nag, P. and Gupta, S. S. (1992): Geography of India, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi. 8. Rao, B.P. ( 2007): Bharat kee Bhaugolik Sameeksha, Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakh ur. 9. Sharma, T.e. and Coutinho, O. (2003): Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Vikas Publishing House

Private Ltd. New Delhi. 10. Singh, J. (2003): India: A Comprehensive Systematic Geography. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Gorakhpur 11. Singh, J. (200 I): Bharat: Bhougolik Aadhar Avam Ayam, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Gorakhpur. 12. Singh, R.L. (ed.) (1971): India: A Regional Geography. National Geographical Society of India, Varanasi,. 13. Spate, O.H. K., Learrnonth A. T. A. and Fanner, B. H. (1996): India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Methuen, London,

7th edition. 14. Sukhwal, B.L. (1987): India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns. Sterling

Publication, New Delhi 15. Tiwari, R.e. (2007): Geography of India, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 16. Wadia, D. N. (1959): Geology of India. Mac-Millan and Company, London and student edition, Madras.

10

Paper- II, Title: Economic GeographyMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit I Meaning, Scope and Approaches to Economic Geography; Main Concepts of Economic Geography; Resource: Concept & Classification; Natural Resources: Soil, Forest & Water

Unit II Mineral Resources: Iron Ore & Bauxite; Power Resources: Coal, Petroleum & Hydro Electricity; Resource Conservation; Principal Crops: Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane & Tea.

Unit III Agricultural Regions of the World (Derwent Whittlesey); Theory of Agricultural Location (Von Thunen); Theory of Industrial Location (Weber); Major Industries: Iron & Steel,Textiles, Petro - Chemical & Sugar; Industrial Regions of the World.

Unit IV World Transportation: Major Trans-Continental Railways, Sea & Air Routes; International Trade: Patterns & Trends; Major Trade Blocks: NAFTA, EEC, ASEAN; Effect of Globalization on Developing Countries.

Suggested Readings

1. Alexander, 1. W. (1988): Economic Geography. Prentice-Hall, New Delhi,. 2. Boesch, H. (1964): A Geography of World Economy. Von Nostrand, New York,. 3. Bryson, 1., Henry, N., Keeble, D. and Martin, R. (eds.) (1999): The Economic Geography Reader: Producing

and Consuming Global Capitalism. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. 4. Clark,G. L., Gertler, M. S. and Feldman, M. P. (eds.) (2000): The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography.

Oxford University Press, USA. 5. Coe, N. (2007): Economic Geography: A Contemporary Introduction. Blackwell Publishers, Inc., Massachusetts. 6. Gautam, A. (2006): Aarthik Bhugol Ke Mool Tattava, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 7. Guha, J. S. and Chattoraj, P.R.(2002): A New Approach to Economic Geography: A Study of Resources.The

World Press Private Limited, Kolkata. 8. Hanink, D. M. (1997): Principles and Applications of Economic Geography: Economy, Policy, Environment.

John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. 9. Hartshorne, T. A. and Alexander, 1. W. (1988): Economic Geography (3rd revised edition) Englewood Cliff, New

Jersey, Prentice Hall 10. Hudson, R. (2005): Economic Geographies: Circuits, Flows and Spaces. Sage Publ ications, London. 11. Jones, C. F. and Darkenwald, D.O. (1975): Economic Geography, Macmillan, New York. 12. Knowles, R, Wareing, 1. (2000): Economic and Social Geography Made Simple, Rupa and Company, ew Delhi. 13. Leong, G. C. and Morgan, G. C.(1982): Human and Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, Singapore. 14. Mackinnon, D. and Cumbers, A. (2007): Introduction to Economic Geography:

Globalization, Uneven Development and Place. Prentice Hall, Inc., New York 15. Roy, P.K. (2005): Economic Geography, A Study of Resources, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd, Kolkata. 16. Royen, W.V. and Bengtson, N.A. (1964): Fundamentals of Economic Geography.

Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 17. Sheppard, E. and Barnes, T. 1. (eds.) (2002): A Companion to Economic Geography. Blackwell Publishers,

Inc., Massachusetts. 18. Singh, K. N. and Singh, 1. (2003): Aarthik Bhugol ke Mool Tattva, Gyanodaya Prakashan., Gorakhpur. 19. Stutz, F. and Warf, B. (2005): World Economy: Resource, Location, Trade and

Development (4th edition). Prentice Hall, Inc, New York 20. Wheeler, J. O. (1998): Economic Geography (3,d revised edition). John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.

11

Paper- III, Title: Practical Geography MM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Instrumental Surveying: Meaning, Definition, Scope & Purpose; Principles & Application of Selected Survey Instruments: Chain Tape, Plane Table: Plan Preparation, Radiation, Intersection & Resection - Two Point Problem; Three Point Problem; Tracing Paper Method, Trial & Error Method.

Unit-II Prismatic Compass: Methods & Process of Surveying; Open & Closed Traverse; Elimination of Error: Bowditch Method;

Unit-III Levelling Instruments; Dumpy level: Process of Surveying; Use & Importance; Contour Plan Preparation.

Unit-IV Sextant and Indian Clinometers; Use & Importance (Height/Depth Measurement); Preparation of Base Map by the Use of Surveying Instrument.

Suggested Readings

1. Clendinning, J. Principles and use of Surveying Instruments. 2nd edition. Blockie. A. 1958. 2. Clendinning J. Principles (If Surveying end edition, 1960. 3. Hotine, Major M. The rc-uiangulauon of Great Britain, Empire Survey review, 1935. 4. Misra, R.P. and Ramesh A; fundamentals of Cartography Revised Edition, Concept Publication, New Delhi. 5. Monkhouse. Maps and diagrams Methuen, 1971. 6. Negi Balbir Singh. Practical Geography. Third revised Ed. Kedar Nath and Ram Nath. Merrutand Delhi, 1994-

95. 7. Sandover, J.A. Plane Surveying. Arnold, 1961. 8. Singh & Karanjita - map work and Practical (Geography, Central Book Dept. Allahabad, 1972. 9. Singh, R.L. and Dutt. P.K., Elements of Practical Geography, Students, Friends, Allahabad, 1968.

12

Paper- I, Title: Environmental Geography & Disaster ManagementMM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IIntroduction to Environmental Geography: Meaning Definition, Nature & Scope; Ecology & Ecosystem; Environmental Hazards; Environmental Disaster & Stress; Classification of Environmental Hazards; Environmental Movement: Chipko, Silent Valley & Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Unit – IIConcept of Management of Environmental Hazards: Identification & Distribution of Hazards; Hazards Zonation & Risk Analysis; Hazard Awareness; Pre- Hazard Conditions: Warning & Precautions; Post Hazard Condition: Rescue, Assessment & Rehabilitation.

Unit – IIIAtmospheric Hazards & Disaster: Causes, Effects & Management; Cumulative Atmospheric Hazards; Cyclone, Drought, Floods; Green House effect & Global Warming; Concept of Sustainable Development.

Unit-IV Terrestrial Hazards: Causes, Effects & Management; Earthquake, Landslide, Tsunami. Man- Induced Hazards: Causes, Effects & Management; Desertification, Forest Fire, Soil degradation & Population Explosion.

Suggested Readings

1. Savindra Singh, (2000): Environmental Geography. Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.2. Alexander, D. (1993): Natural Disasters. UCL Press Ltd, London.3. P.C Sinha ; Introduction to Disaster managements; Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.4. B. Narayan, Disaster Management ; Super Book Distributor, New Delhi.5. I. Mohan, Environmental Problems in 21st Century, Anmol Publication Pvt, Ltd. New Delhi. 6. Singh R.B. & Mishra S. (1996) Environmental Laws in India ,Issues & Responses , Rawat Publication, New

Delhi.

13

Paper- II, Title: Social, Cultural & Political Geography MM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – ISocial Geography : Meaning, Definition, Scope & content of Social Geography; Evolution of Social Geography; Approaches: Possibilistic, Behavioral, Radical & Welfare; Social Structure and Social Processes: Macro & Micro; Social Patterns; Concept of Space: Social Space, Material Space; Social Wellbeing .

Unit – IIComponents of Social Geography; Region as a Social Unit; Social Elements: Class, Caste & Ethinicity with Special Reference to India; Social Issues in Urban Areas; Social Area Analysis; Social Ecology; Social Groups: Tribal, Traditional and Modern Society.

Unit - IIIConcept of Culture in Geography; Cultural Geography: Meaning, Definition, Scope & Content of Cultural Geography; Cultural Groups with Reference to India: Ethnic, Linguistic & Religious; Cultural Regions; Cultural Areas & Cultural Landscape; Cultural Assimilation, Integration & Diffusion.

Unit – IVPolitical Geography: Meaning, Definition & Scope of Political Geography; Approaches & Schools of Thought in Political Geography (Landscape School, Functional School & Morphological School); Geo- Strategic Views of Mackinder & Spykeman; Political Geography of India; Impact of Partition of India; Electoral Geography.

Suggested Readings

1. Adhikari, S (2004) : Political Geography, Rawat Publication, New Delhi.2. Admed, A (2004): Social geography, Rawat Publication, New Delhi.3. Beaujeu Garnier (1976) : Methods and Perspective in Geography, Longman, London4. Carter, H. (1972) : The Study of Urban Geography , Edward Arnold Ltd. London.5. Chapman, K. (1979): People, Pattern and process – An Introduction to human Geography, Edward Arnold Ltd.

Landon.6. Dickinson, R. E. (1964): City and Region, Routledge, London.7. Dwivedi R. L. (2004): Fundamentals of Political Geography, Chatanya Publishing House, Allahabad.8. Freeman , T.W. , (1961): Hundred Years of Geography, Gerald Duckworth and Co., London.9. Jones , Emrys (1965) : Human Geography , Chatto and Windies,London,10. Jones,E and Eyles, j ,(1977): An Introduction to Social Geography, Oxford University press, Oxford.11. Kolars, J.E. and Nyestuen, J. D. (1974): Geography , McGraw Hill Book Co., New Work London.12. Leong, G.C. and Morgan, G.C. (1975): human and Economic Gepgraphy, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong.13. Rubenstain, J. M. and Becon, J. M. (1990) : Cultural Geography, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New york.14. Spencer, J. E. and Thomas, W. L. (1969): : Cultural Geography, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New york.15. Pound, J : Introduction to Political Geography, Oxford Publication.16. Guha, R.C. : Social Geography.

14

Paper- III, Title : Field Trip and Report Writing MM.-70+30(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IFieldwork: Meaning, Types & Objectives of Fieldwork; Fieldwork Methods & Techniques; Importance of Fieldwork in Geography; Fieldwork Based Report Writing.

Unit- IIField Study in Local Environment; Preparation of Field Report through Fieldwork on any One of the following Areas: A Locality of Lucknow City; A Village or Slum near National P.G. College Campus; A River Course near Lucknow City.

Unit- III & IVField trip: Garhwal Himalaya, Kumaon Himalaya. Vindhyan plateau, Thar Desert or any Area of Ganga Plain; Preparation of Field Work Report for Submission in Practical Examination.

Suggested Readings

1. Archer, J. E. and Dalton ,T.H. (1968): Field Work in Geography, William Clowes and Sons Ltd. London and Beccles.

2. Bolton, T. and Bewbury, P.A. (1968): Geography through Fieldwork, blandford Press, London.3. Jones, P.A. (1968): Field work in Geography ,Longmans, Green and Company Ltd., London and Harlow.4. Lousenbury, J.F. and Aldrich , F.T. (1986): Introduction to Geography Field Methods and Techniques,

Charles E. Merrill Publishing. Company, Colombus.5. Pugh, J.C. (1975): Surveying for field Scientists, Methuen and Company Ltd. London.

15

Paper- I, Title: Geographical Thoughts MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IThe Field of Geography; Geography as a Discipline; Fundamental Concepts; Place of Geography in the Classification of Sciences & other Disciplines; Geography as a Natural as well as Social Science.

Unit – IIHistorical Development During Ancient and Medieval Period; Contribution of Greeks, Roman, Indian , Arabs & Renaissance; Contribution of Varenius & Immanuel Kant; Concept of Space in Geography : Material Space & Social Space.

Unit - IIIModern Geographical Thoughts; Contribution of German, French , British, American school of Thought; Founder of Geography : Humboldt, Ritter & Ratzel; Dualisms and Dichotomies; Systematic/Regional & Determinism/Possibilism.

Unit – IVConceptual & Methodological Development During 20th Century; Quantitative Revolution & GIS; Location Analysis, Paradigms, Laws, Theories & Models; Recent Trends & Modern Themes in Geographical Thought: Positivism, Radicalism, Behaviouralism and Humanism.

Suggested Readings

1. Abler, Ronald; Adams ,John S. Gould, Peter : Spatical Organization : The Geographer’s View of the world. Prentice Hall. N.I.1971.

2. Ali. S.M : The Geogrpahy of Puranas. People of Publishing House , Delhi , 1996.3. Amedeo, Douglas : An Introduction to scientific Reasoning in Geography, John Wiley , USA 1971.4. Dikshit , R.D. (ed) : The Arts and science of Geography integrated readings, P. H.I, New Delhi, 5. Hartshone , R. Perspectives on Nature of Geography , Rand Mcnally & co. 1959.6. Husain , M. : Evaluation of Geographical thought , Rawat Publication , Jaipur, 1984.7. Johston, R.J.; Philosophy and Human Geography , Edward Arnold London, 1983.8. Johnston, R.H.; The future of Geography , Methuen, London, 1988.9. Mishull, R.; The Changing Nature of Geography , Hutchinson University library, London, 197010. Adhikari S. (1992): Geographical Thought , Chiatanya Pub. House, Allahabad11. Chorley , R. J. & Hagget. P. (1965) Frontier in Geographical Teaching, Oxford University Press.12. Contemporary American Geography; Routlege New Jersey. 199213. Dikshit R.D. Geographical Thought- A contextual History of Ideas. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 2000.14. Dohrs. F.E. and Sommers, L.W. (sds.) Introduction to Geography, Thomas Y. Crowell Co. Chicago, 1959 15. Harvey. David: Explanation in Geography Edward-Amold, London, 1972 16. Holt-Jensen, AGeography: Its History and Concepts, Longmans, 1980 17. Husain, Majid: Evolution of Geographical Thought, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 1984 18. Matthews J.A. and Herbert D.T.; Geography: A very short introduction, oxford university press, New Yark 2009.19. Wooldridge S.W.: The Geographer As Scientist, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. London. 1956.20. Fundamentals of physical geography, Class XI, N.C.E.R.T, New Delhi.21. A text book of Geography, Class VI to VIII, ICSE, New Delhi.

16

Paper- II, Title : Geomorphology MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – INature & Scope of Geomorphology; Principles & Basis of Geological Time Scale; Fundamental Concepts: Uniformitarianism & Dynamic Equilibrium; Relief & different Rates of Geomorphic Process; Models of Landscape Development: Davis, Penck & King.

Unit – IIEndogenic Processes; Continental Drift; Plate Teetonics; Isostasy; Seismicity; Vulcancity; Folded Structure & Topography; Faulted Structure & Topography.

Unit- IIIExogenic Processes; Mass Wasting & Different Geomorphic Agents & Processes: Running Water; Wind; Glacier; Wave & Under Ground Water. Unit - IVEvolutions and Development of River Valleys; Drainage Pattern and their Significance; Concept of Graded Stream; River Channels: Form, Pattern & Dynamics; Photo-Geology & Remote Sensing Application; Regional Geomorphology of Applachian Highland, Uttarakhand Himalaya & Middle Ganga Plain. Applied Geomorphology.

Suggested Readings

1. Chorley. R. J.; Spatial Analysis in Geomorphology, Methuen, Londan, 1972. 2. Cooke, R. U. and Doornkamp, J.C. Geomorphology Environmental Management - A

Introduction. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1974. 3. Fairbridge, R. W. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Reinholdts. New York. 1968. 4. Guoudie. A ; The Nature of the Environment Oxford & Blackwell, London, 1993. 5. Garner, H. F. ; The Origin of landscape - A Synthesis Geomorphology, Oxford University Press, London, 1974. 6. Dur, G.H. The Face of the Earth, Penguin Harmondsworth,J959. 7. Mitchell, C. W., Terrain Evaluation, Longman, London, 1973. 8. OIlier, C. D. Weathering, Longmen, London, 1979. 9. Pitty, A. F. Introduction to Geomorphology, Methuen, London, 1971. 10. Stoddart, D. R. (ed.) Process and Form in Geomorphology, Routledge, New York. 1996. 11. Skinner, B. J. & Porter, S.c.; The Dynamic Earth john Wiely, New York, 1995. 12. Sparks, B. W. Geomorphology, Longman, London, 1960. 13. Sharma, H. S. (ed.) Perspectives in Geomorphology. Concepts, New Delhi, 1980. 14. Singh, S.; Geomorphology, Prayag Publication, Allahabad, 1998. 15. Thornbur, W. D. Principles of Geomorpholgy, john Wiley, New York, 1960. 16. Bloom, A. L. (1992) : Geomorphology – A Systematic Analysis , PHI New Delhi,

17

Paper- III, Title : Remote Sensing & GIS MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IRemote Sensing: Meaning, Definition & Scope; Development of Remote Sensing; Relevance of Remote Sensing in Geographical Studies; Components and Process of Remote Sensing; Source of Energy Interaction with Atmosphere & Earth Surface; Remote Sensing Platforms & Sensors; Aerial Photogrammetry & Aerial Photographs: Techniques, Process, Interpretation & Use.

Unit - IISatellite Remote Sensing; Important Remote Sensing Satellites & their Characteristics; Satellite Data Acquisition; Geometric & Radiometric Correction of Data; Satellite Imagery Interpretation: Visual & Digital Interpretation Techniques; Ground Truth Collection (Survey); Image Enhancement Techniques; Supervised & Unsupervised Classification; Application of Remote Sensing in Geographical Studies; Use of Satellite Remote Sensing in Resource Mapping; Land Use Mapping & Monitoring & Preparation of Resource Inventories.

Unit – IIIGeography & Geographic Information System: Definition & Development of GIS; Elements of GIS; Computer Environment for GIS; Spatial Data: Elements & Types of Spatial Data; GIS Data Format for Computer Environment; Raster & Vector Data Structures; Data Conversion; GIS Technology; Map Projection & Cartography: Coordinate Systems, Geo- Referencing of Spatial Data; Data Input into GIS; Basic Principles of Computer Assisted Cartography.

Unit – IVGIS Database: Creation of Spatial & Non-Spatial Data Base; Database Management Systems; Data Integration & Analysis in GIS; Spatial Modeling; Digital Elevation Models (DEM); Integration of GIS with Remote Sensing & Global Positioning System (GPS); Application of GIS; Application of GIS in the Development of Different Types of Information System; Decision Support System (DSS); Environment Planning; Resource Management; Disaster Management & Urban Planning with Sample Studies. Suggested Readings

1. Campell, J. B. (2003): Introduction to Remote Sensing. 4th edition. Taylor and Francis, London. 2. Chaunial, D. D. (2004): Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System(in Hindi), Sharda Pustak

Bhawan, Allahabad 3. Cracknell, A. and Ladson, H. (1990): Remote Sensing Year Book. Taylor and Francis, London. 4. Curran, P.1. (1985): Principles of Remote Sensing. Longman, London. 5. Deekshatulu, B.L. and Rajan, Y.S. (ed.) (1984): Remote Sensing. Indian Academy of Science, Bangalore. 6. Floyd, F. and Sabins, Jr. (1986): Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation. W.H. Freeman, New York. 7. Gautam, N.C. and Raghavswamy, V. (2004). Land Use/ Land Cover and Management Practices in India. B.S.

Publication., Hyderabad. 8. Jensen, l.R. (2004): Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective. Prentice-Hall,

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Indian reprint available. 9. Lillesand, T.M. and Kiefer, R.W. (2000): Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. John Wiley and Sons, New

York. 10. Nag, P. (ed.) (1992): Thematic Cartography and Remote Sensing. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi. 11. Rampal, K.K. (1999): Handbook of Aerial Photography and Interpretation. Concept Publishing. Company. New

Delhi

Paper- IV-A (Optional), Title: Population Geography

18

MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – INature, Scope & Development of Population Geography; Source & Types of Population Data: Census, Sample Survey & Vital Registration System; Theories of Population: Classical & Modern.

Unit – IIWorld Population: Growth, Causes & Consequences; Factors Affecting Population Distribution; Demographic Transition Theory; Migration Types & Determinants. Unit - III Population Characteristics: fertility & Mortality; Age & Sex Structure; Occupational Structure; Human Resource Development & Human Development Index; Urbanization.

Unit – IVPopulation Resource Region in India; Population Growth & Distribution in India; Density Types; Population Problems & Population Policy in India.

Suggested Readings

1. Builasborrow, Richard F. and Daniel Hogan , Population and Deforestation in the Humid Tropies International Union for the Scientific Study of Population , Begium , 1999.

2. Bogue, D.J. Principles in Demography, John wiley, New York, 1969.3. Bose , Ashish et. all.; Population India’s Development (1947-2000); vikash Publication House, New Delhi, 1974.4. Census of India . India : A state Profile , 1999.5. Chandna, R.C. Geography of population Concepts . Determinants and patterns , Kalyani publishers, New

York . 2000.6. Clark, John I.,; Population geography, pergamon press, Oxford, 1973.7. Crook, Nigel: Principal of Population and Development, Permon Press , New York ,1997.8. Garnier, B. J. Geography of Population , Longman , London, 1970.9. Kochhar, Rajesh . The vedic People : Their History and Geography Orient Longman Ltd. New Delhi. 2000.10. Mamoria , C.B. India’s Population Problems, Kitab Mahai New York, 1981.11. Mitra Ashok ,India’s population problems, Kitab Mahal and Control Vol.I & II, Abhinar Publications, New Delhi,

1978.12. Premi, M.K. India’s Population : heading Towards a Billion , B.R Publishing Corporation, 1991.13. Srinivasan, K. and M. Vlassoff, Population Development Nexus in India , Challenges for the new Millennium,

Tata McGraaw Hill, New Delhi , 2001.

19

Paper- IV-B (Optional), Title: Settlement Geography MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – ISettlement Geography: Meaning, Definition & Scope; Approaches to Study; Theories of Evolution of Human Settlement; Size & Distributions with Theoretical Models; Settlement Hierarchy: Christaller & Losch; Hierarchy of Settlement in India.

Unit - II Site & Situation of Rural Settlement; The Evolution of Street Pattern in Rural Settlements; Morphological Characteristics of Rural Settlement; The Evolution of Field Boundaries & the Field Patterns; Fold Housing; Folk Architecture & Traditional Building Material.

Unit - III Urban Settlements; Their Site & Situation; Size & Spacing of Urban Settlement; Christallers System of Urban Hierarchy & Spacing of Cities; Morphological Characteristics of Urban Settlement; Models of Urban Settlements; Problems of Urban Housing & Emergence of Slums.

Unit - IV Urbanization & Urban Functions; Concept of Urbanization; Factors of Urbanization; Trends of Urbanization in the World; Functional Classification of Towns & Cities; Rural–Urban Fringe; Urban Problems & Urban Planning; Urban Planning & Management.

Suggested Readings1. Dickinson, R.E. 1968 : City and Region: A Geographical Interpretation, Routledge and Kegam Paul Ltd.

London.2. Ghosh, S. 1998: Introduction to Settlement Geography, Orient Longman Ltd., Calcutta: 158p.3. Hardoy, J .E., Mittin, D. & Satterthwaite, D. 1992 : Environmental Problems in the World Cities, Earthscan Pub.

Ltd. London.4. Hudson, F.S. 1970: Geography of Settlements, Macdonald and Evans Ltd., Plymouth: 3-12,61-70, 79-101,.5. Hussain, M. 1994: Human Geography, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 485p.6. Mandal, R.B. 1988 : Systems of Rural Settlements in Developing Counties, Concept Pub. Co., New Delhi.7. Misra. H.N. (ed) 1987 : Contributions to Indian Geography, Volume 9: Rural Geography, Heritage Pub., New

Delhi.8. Racine, J. (ed) : Calcutta 1981, Concept Pub. Co., New Delhi.9. Ramachandran R. 1989 : Urbanisation arid Urban Systems in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.10. Singh, R.L. et. al. (ed) 1976: Geographic Dimensions of Rural Settlements, National Geographical Society of

India, Varanasi.11. Singh, R. Y. ( 1994) : Geography of Settlements, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 335p.12. Tewari, V. Weinston, J. and Prakash Rao, V.L.S. 1986 : Indian Cities: Ecological Perspectives, Concept Pub.

Co., New Delhi13. Hudson: Geography of Settlement14. R.D Singh : Rural Settlement in Modern India15. Baker: The Geography of Rural Settlements16. Johnson : Social Areas and Ccities

17. Putnam: Geography of Urban Places18. Roberts : rural Settlement in Britain19. Yadav : “ Basti Bhugole”20 N. Verma : “Adhiwas bhugole”

20

Paper- V, Title: Practical Geography MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IIntroduction to Cartography; Slope Analysis: Wentworth, G.H. Smith, Raisz, Henry & Robinson’s Methods; Geological Maps; Block Diagrams: One & Two Point Perspective; Digital Cartography; Map Design & Layout.

Unit – IIBonne’s & Polyconic Projection; Mereators & Sinusoidal Projections; Zenithal Projections: Zenithal Equal Area Projection (Polar Case); Zenithal Sterographic Projection (Equatorial Case); Gnomonic Projection (Equatorial Case).

Unit – IIIMapping of Spatial Data; Mapping of Point Data; Graduated Mapping; Mapping of Line Data; Flow Line Mapping of Area Data; Mapping of Volume Data; Choropleth Mapping; Dasymetric Mapping; Isopleth Mapping; Dot Mapping; Multivariate Mapping.

Unit – IVDesigning of Maps; Drafting Techniques; Drafting Materials; Base Map Compilation for Thematic Mapping; Thematic Map Series & Thematic Atlases; Interpretation of Aerial Photographs & Satellite Imagery; Geographical Information System.

Suggested Readings

1. Clendinning, J. principles and use of Surveying Instruments 2nd edition, Blocked, A, 1958.2. Clendinning, J. principles and use of Surveying end edition, 1960.3. Hotine, Major M. the re- triangulation of Great Britain , Empire Survey review, 1935.4. mishra, R.P. and Ramesh A. ; Fundaments of Cartography Revised Edition, Concepts publication, New

Delhi.5. Monkhouse ,Maps and Diagrams Methuen, 19716. Negi Balbir, Singh Practical Geography, third revised Ed. Kedar Nath and Ram Nath Meerut and Delhi,

1994.7. Sandover, J. A. Plane Surveying , Arnold, 1961.8. Singh & Karamjita – Map Work and Practical Geography, Central Book Dept. Allahabad, 1972.9. Singh, R.L. and Dutt . P. K. Elements of Practical Geography , Students Friends, Allahabad , 1968.10. Brown, L.A.: the Story of Maps,Dover Publications, Inc. New York.11. Monkhouse,F.J and Wilkanson.H.R.: maps and Diagrams, 3rd ed ,Methuen , London, 197112. Robimson, A.H. and Sale. R.D.: Elements of Cartography, John Wiley and Sons, New York (latest edition).13. Sabins, JR. P.P.: Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpreatation, W.H.Freeman and Company, New

York. 1986.

21

Paper- I, Title -Bangladesh: A Geographical Analysis MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit - lIntroduction: History and Culture; Location, Shape & Size; Importance of India in Neighboring Countries & World; Geology of India; Natural Hazards & Disasters; Main Physiographic Regions; Drainage Systems; River Valley Projects & Water Resources; States & Union Territories with Physical & Cultural Characteristics.

Unit - IIVarious Seasons & Weather; Mechanism of Indian Monsoon & Major Climatic Regions; Major Soil Types: Distribution, Degradations & Conservation; Major Forest Types: Distribution, Deforestation & Conservation; Medicinal Plants; Wild life; Agriculture; Major Crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea); Green, White and Blue Revolution; Agricultural Regions & Agro Climatic Regions.

Unit - IIIGrowth & Distribution of Population; Composition of Population; Human Settlement (Rural and Urban); Rural-Urban Migration; Urbanization & Related Problems with Special Study of Slums; Rural & Urban Development Planning in India.

Unit - IV: Mineral & Power Recourses (Iron Ore, Manganese, Bauxite, Coal, Petroleum and Hydel Power); Major Industries (Textile, Iron & Steel, Sugar); Industrial Regionalization and Industrial Policy of India with Multinational Liberalization; Network of Roads, Railways, Waterways, Airways and Pipelines; Development of Communication Technology; Growing Importance of Ports in National and Foreign Trade; Indian Trade & Trade Balance.

Suggested Readings

1. Chauhan, P.R. and Prasad, M. (2003): Bharat Ka Vrihad Bhugol, Vasundhara Pr.Gkp.2. Farmer, B.H. (1983): An Introduction to South Asia. Methuen, London3. Gautam, A. (2006): Advanced Geography of India, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad4. Johnson, B.L.C. (1963): Development in South Asia. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth5. Krishnan, M.S. (1982): Geology of India and Burma, CAS Pub.& Distributors,Delhi.6. Khullar, D.R. ( 2007): India: A Comprehensive Geography, Kalyani P., New Delhi7. Nag, P. and Gupta, S. S. (1992): Geography of India, Concept Pub. Company, New Delhi.8. Rao, B.P. ( 2007): Bharat kee Bhaugolik Sameeksha, Vasundhara Prakashan, Gorakhpur.9. Agarwal A.N. : Indian Economy, Problems of Development planning10. Chopra S.N. : India ,An area Study11. Chandana R. C. : Poulation Geography12. Dubey & Negi: Economic Gography of India13. Gopal Singh: India14. Memoria C. B. : Geography of India15. Sharma R. C. : India 16. Singh R. L. Rgional Geography of India17. Sharma & Cutinho : Economic & Commercial Geography of India 18. Geography of India, NCERT, New Delhi.

22

Paper- II, Title - ClimatologyMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – INature, Origin & Importance of Atmosphere into Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Cryosphere & Biosphere; Meaning, Definition & Scope of Climatology; Weather & Climate Components; Composition & Structure of the Atmosphere; Insolation: Solar Radiation and Heat Budget; Temperature- Measurement & Distribution; Pressure and Winds. .

Unit – IIWater Vapour; Humidity Measurements; Evaporation; Condensation & Sublimation; Clouds: Formation & Classification; Precipitation: Causes, Forms, Processes and Types; Types and Distribution of Rainfall; Air Masses and Fronts; Atmospheric Disturbances: Cyclone and Anticyclone.

Unit – IIIClimatic Classification of the world: Koppen & Thornthwaite; Major Climatic Region of the World & Study of Tropical Rain Forest, Savana and Hot Desert Type of Climate; Effect of El-Nino, La-Nina and Southern Oscillation on Weather and Climate of the World.

Unit – IVGlobal Climatic Change: Evidences; Role of “Earth Summit” Conferences; Climatic Cycles & Theories of Climatic Changes; Microclimatic Environment; City Climate & Rural Climate; Air Pollution; Acid Rain; Photochemical Smog; Ozone Depletion; Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming; Human Bioclimatology; Climatology & Housing; Weather Forecasting.

Suggested Readings

1. Barry, R.G. and Carleton, M. (200 I): Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology, Routledge, London. 2. Chorley, R.J. (200 I): Atmosphere, Wea~Oimate. Methuen, London. 3. Critchfield, H.J. (2002): General Climatology. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi4. Finch, J. e. and Trewartha, G. T.: Elements of Weather and Climate. Prentice-all,London. 5. Kendrew, W.e. (1998): Climatology. Edward Arnold, London. 5th edition. 6. Lal, D.S.(l986): Climatology. Chaitanya Publications, Allahabad. 7. Oliver, J.E. and Hidore, J.J. (2003): Climatology: An Atmospheric Science, Pearson Education Private Ltd,

Patparganj, Delhi. 8. Robinson, P. J. and Henderson, S. (1999): Contemporary Climatology, 2nd edition, Pearson Education Ltd.,

Harlow, UK. 9. Singh, M.B. (1998): Jalvayu Avam Samudra Vigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi. 10. Singh, M.B. (1999): Jalvayu Avam Jal Vigyan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi,. 11. Singh, S. (2005): Climatology. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad. 12. Singh, S. (2006): Jalvayu Vigyan. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.13. Anthes, R. (1997) Meteorology, Seventh Edition PHI, New Delhi.

23

Paper- III, Title – Political GeographyMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IDefinition, Nature and Scope; Geography, Politics, Geopolitics & Political Geography; History and Development of Political Geography; Approaches to the Study of Political Geography; Evolution of the Modern State; Organization & Structure of State or National Political System.

Unit – IIConcept of Nation, State and Nation-State; Geographic Characteristics of States: Size, Shape, Location, Cores and Capitals; Nation Building/Nationalism; Definition of Frontier and Boundaries; Distinction Between Frontier and Boundaries; Genetic, Functional & Morphological Classification of Boundaries with their Role and Importance in States Functioning.

Unit – IIIGlobal Geo-Strategic Views: Mahan, Mackinder, Spykman & Seversky with Other Views Related to Heartland and Rimland; Cohen's Views; Unitary and Federal Forms of Governance.

Unit – IVPolitical Geography of India; Resource Development & Power Politics; India's Neighbours & Geopolitical Study of Indian Ocean; Political Geography of SAARC Region; Electoral Geography; Changing Political Map of India and Inter-state Disputes Related to Language and Others; Problems of Border States of India and Emergence of New States & their Demands.

Suggested Readings

1. Cohen, Samuel (1964): Geography and Politics in Divided World. Random House, New York.2. De Blijj, H. J. and Glassner, M. (1968): Syst. Political Geography. J. W. and Sons, New York.3. Dikshit, R.D. (1987): Political Geography and Geopolitics. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.4. Dikshit, R.D. (2000): Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective. P.-Hall, New Delhi.5. Siddiq, M. (1997): Indian in the Indian Ocean: A Geopolitical Study, Rawat Publications, Jaipur6. Moddie, A.E. (1961): Geography Behind Politics. Hutchinson, London.7. Pannikar, K.M. (1959): Geographical Factors in Indian History. 2 vols. Asia. P. House Bombay.8. Pearcy, G. E. and Fifield, R. (1948): World Political Geography, Thomas Y Crowell, New York9. Pounds, N.J.G. (1972): Political Geography. McGraw Hill Publication., New York.10. Short, John R. (1982): An Introduction to Political Geography. Routledge, London11. Singh, T. D. (1988): Hind Mahasagar Avam Parimandaliya Rashtra: Ek Bhougolik Adhyayan, Tara Book Agency, Varanasi.12. Sukhwal. B.L. (1987): Modern Political Geography of India. Sterling Publication, New Delhi.

24

Paper- IV- A (Optional), Title – Resources Use and ManagementMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IConcept of Resource as Related to Economic, Technological & Cultural Development Stages; Classification of Resources According to Biogenesis: Renewability, Availability & Distribution Conditions; Distinction Between Diversity & Disparity; Resource Appraisal.

Unit – IIPattern & Use of Major Resources; Land Resources: Use & Misuse; Protective Measures to Check Soil Erosion; Water Resources: Domestic & Industrial Use; Use in Irrigation & Water Transport, Hazards Associated with Unscientific Use; Marine Resources: Minerals, Fishes, Planktons; Multilevel Development; Hazards from Pollution; Forest Resources: Patterns of Existing Use & Misuse, Regeneration through Social Forestry & Joint Forest Management.

Unit – IIIHuman Resource Development & Patterns of Use; Disparities in Development between the Developed & Developing Countries; Disparities Arising from Internal & International Policies; Agricultural Resources: Necessity for Establishing Parity to Meet the Nutritional Requirements of the World Population & Supply Raw Materials for the Industries; Conventional & Alternative Methods of Production.

Unit – IVMineral & Power Resources (Iron Ore & Coal); Major Industrial Regions of the World; Industrial Location Theories: Weber, Losh & Isard; Resource Planning, Conservation & Management; Conservation for Benefit of All; Environmental Sustainability & Sustainable Development of Resources.

Suggested Readings

1. Brereton, E. 1992 : Resource Use and Management, Cambridge U Press, Cambridge: 2. Elliotte, j. A. 1994 : An Introduction to Sustainable Development: The Developing World, Routledge, London:3. Mitchell, B. 1997 : Resources and Environment Management, Addison Wesley London Ltd., Harlow4. Pickering, K. and Owen, L.A. 1997 : An Introduction to Global Environmental Issues, 2nd edition, Routledge,

London: 5. Johnston, R.J., Taylor, P.J. and Watts, M.J. (editors) : 1995: Geographies of Global Change: Remapping the

World in the Late Twentieth Century, Blackwell, Oxford: 440p.6. United Nations Populations Fund 1997 : India Towards Population and Development Goals, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi:7. Unwin, T. (editor) 1994: Atlas of World Development, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester: 8. World Bank 1996: From Plan to Market: World Development Report 1996, Oxford University Press, Oxford9. World Resources Institute 1998: World Resources 1998-99: A Guide to the Global Environment, Oxford

University Press, 10. Zimmerman, E.W, World Resources & Endustries.11. Negi, B.S. (1997) Geography of Resources, Rastogi Pub., Meerut.

25

Paper- IV- B (Optional), Title – Tourism Geography

MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit – IConcept of Leisure & Tourism; Types of Tourism; Meaning, Definition, Scope & Significance of Geography of Tourism; Geographical Basis of Tourism; Resources & Infrastructure for Tourism: Transportation, Accommodation & Basic Infrastructure.

Unit – IIImpact of Tourism: Physical, Economical & Social Cultural Impacts; Concept of Ecotourism; New Trends in Tourism.

Unit – IIIGlobalization & Tourism; Tourism in India; Resource & Growth; National Tourism Policy in India; Tourism in Uttar Pradesh; Tourism Organizations.

Unit – IVTourism Marketing: Marketing Concepts & Marketing in Tourism; The Tourist Product; Segmentation- A Priori Segmentation; Tourism Circuits; Tour Agencies.

Suggested Readings

1. Bhatia A.K.(1978): Tourism in India. Sterling pub. New Delhi.2. Burkarl, A.J.(1974): Tourism, Past, present and future Heineman London.3. Gearing Charles, E (1976): planning for Tourism development Praeger Pub, New York4. Lawbon, F & Bauet B.(1977): Tourism and recreation Development mass, CBI pub.5. Lundberg, D.E.)1996): The Tourist Business cehners Books. Internationa, Boston.6. Robinson H.(1976): A geography of Tourism. Mac Donald and Evans Ltd; London.7. Douglas Pearce (1981): Topics in Applied Geography, Tourist Development. Longman london New York.8. Stephen L.J. smoth(1989): tourism Analysis : A Handbook- Longman Scientific of Telchnical.9. Ministry of Tourism Govt. of India (1992): Report on National Action Plan on Tourism, New Delhi.10. Minstry of tourism Govt.of India (1996): Report on National strategy for development of tourism New Delhi.11. Minstry of Tourism Govt. of India (1999): Report on National Tourism .

26

Paper- V, Title – Practical Geography MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Section A - Field Works Based on Instrumental Survey Unit – ISurveying: Definition, Nature, Scope & History of Surveying; Types of Surveying; Selected Surveying Instruments; Procedure & Methods of Surveying; Plane Table: Importance, Use, Methods & Procedure of Surveying.

Unit – IIPrismatic Compass: Bearing, Methods & Precautions of Using the Instruments; Methods of Prismatic Compass Surveying; Correction & Plotting of Bearings; Closing Error: Elimination of Error, (Bowditch Method); Use & Importance of Sextant & Indian Clinometer.

Unit – IIILevelling & Contouring; Levelling (Height & Depth Measurement); DifferentTypes of Level Instruments; Dumpy Level; Procedure of Surveying by Dumpy Level; Profile Making & Contouring

Unit – IVUse of Theodolite; Procedure of Theodolite Surveying; Measurement of Angles: Horizontal and Vertical; Methods of Theodolite Surveying; Preparation of Base Map by the Use of Surveying Instruments.

Section B - Field Works Based on Educational Tour Organise Field visit to collect field data. Field work report should be prepared based on collected data and it should be submitted in practical examination. Main objective of the field work is to provide the students with the understanding of ground reality of a chosen site i.e. village/town/tourist site by observation. One aspect such as geomorphic forms and processes, land use, irrigation, economic activities, village morphology, population characteristics etc. should be selected for field work.

Suggested Readings

1. Gregory, S. Statistical Methods and the Geographers. Longman S. London, 1963 2. Khan, Z.A. Text Book of Practical Geography Concept Publishing Co. New Delhi. 3. Lawarence, G.R.P. Cartograpinic Methods. Methuen, London, 1968. 4. Monkhouse, FJ. & H.R. Winkinson. Maps and Diagrams. Methuen. London, 1994. 5. Pal, /s. K. Statistics for Geoscientists- Techniques and Approaches. Concept, New Delhi, 1998 6. Sarkar, A.K. Practical Geography- A Systematic Approach. Orient Longman, Calcutta, 1997. 7. Raisz, E. (1962): Principles of Cartography, McGraw Hill, New York. 8. Robinson, A. H., Sale. R. D., Morrison, J. L. and Muchrcke, P. C. (I 984): Elements of Cartography. 5th edition,

John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 9. Sharma, J. P. (2001): Prayogik Bhugol., Rastogi Publication, Meerut 3rd edition. 10. Singh, R.L. and Singh Raila P.B. (1993): Elements of Practical Geography. (Hindi and English editions). Kalyani

Publishers, New Delhi.

27

Paper- I, Title – Regional Development & Multilevel PlanningMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Concept of Planning; Types of Planning; Concept of Regional Planning; Region: Types of Region; Methods of Delineation of Different Types of Region.

Unit-II Regional Planning Theories; Growth Pole Theory; Spatial Diffusion Theory; Cumulative- Causative Model; Human Development Index & its Indicators; Regional Disparity in India.

Unit-III Planning Regions; Planning Regions of India (Macro, Meso & Micro); Planning for Command Area Development; Watershed Management; Drought Prone, Hill & Tribal Area Development.

Unit-IV Concept of Multi-level Planning; Decentralised Planning; People Participation in Planning Process; Panchayati Raj System; Environmental Issues in Regional Planning; Planning for Sustainable Development.

Suggested Readings

1. Chitambar, J.B. 1993: Introductory Rural Sociology, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi2. Goomen, M.A. and Datta, A. 1995 : Panchayats and their Finance, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 3. Matthews G. (editor) 1995 : Status of Panchayati Raj: 1994, Institute of Social Sciences / Rawat .4. Matthews a. 1994: Panchayati Raj: From Legislation to Movements, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 5. Misra, H.M. (ed) 1987 : Contributions to Indian Geography, Volume 9:New Delhi.6. De Blij, H.J. and Muller, P.O. 1997 : Geography: R.R.C, 8th edition, J. W. & S. Ltd., NewYork: 7. Dickinson, J., Gould, B., Clarke, C., Mather, S., Prothero, M., Siddle, D., Smith, C. and Thomas-Hope, E. 1996 :

A Geography ofthe Third World, 2nd edition, Routledge, London :8. Bhat, L.S. ( 1972): Regional Planning in India, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta.9. Bhat, L.S. ( 2003): Micro Planning: A Case Study of Karnal Area, KB Publications, New Delhi.10. Chand, M. and Puri, V.K. ( 2004): Regional planning in India; Allied Publishers, New Delhi,11. Chandana, R. C. ( 2005): Regional Development and Planning. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.12. Dube, K.K. and Singh, M.B. (1986): Pradeshik Niyojan. Tara Book Agency, Varanasi.13. Friedman, J.& Alonse, W.1968: Regional Development & Planning, M.I.T.Press, Cambridge-Massachusetts.14. Kuklinski, A.R. (ed.) (1975): Regional Development & Planning: International Perspectives. 15. Kuklinski, A.R. (1972): Growth Centres in Regional Planning. Mounton and Company, Paris.16. Mishra, R.P, Sundaram, K.V., and Prakasarao, V.L.S. (1976): Regional Development

Planning in India, Vikas Publishers., New Delhi.17. Mishra, R.P. (1969): Regional Planning. University of Mysore, Mysore.18. Mishra, R.P. (2002): Regional Planning, Concepts, Techniques, Policies and Case Studies.

Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.19. Sharma, P.R. (ed.) (1993): Regional Policies and Development in the Third World. Rishi Publication., Varanasi.20. Sundaram, K.V. (1977): Urban and Regional Planning in India, Vikas Publishers. New Delhi.21. Sundaram, K.V. (1997): Decentralized Multilevel Planning: Principles and Practice. Asian

and African Experience. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi

28

Paper- II, Title – Global Environmental Issues - Pollution and HazardsMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Population Growth Technology & Environment; Rapid Urbanisation-Global Economic Pressures; Scarcity of Natural Resources; Global Resources Crisis; Hazard in the Environment: Concept of Hazard, Vulnerability & Disaster; Dimensions of Disaster; Risk Assessment & Causes; Effects & Loss Sharing Adjustments of Typical Hazards: A. Tectonic Hazards - Earthquake B. Geomorphological Hazards - Landslides & River Bank Erosion C. Hydrological Hazards - Flood And Drought. D. Bio-Physical Hazards – Epidemics. E- Technological Hazards - Industrial Accidents & Nuclear Radiation Leakage. F- Social Hazards - Poverty & Crime.

Unit -II Global Concerns: Global Warming & its Various Implications; Acid Rain & Ozone Depletion; Non-Degradable Waste & its Disposal; Pollution: Air, Water, Land, Noise; Soil Degradation: Erosion, Salinisation, Alkalinisation; Desertification & Deforestation; Quarrying & Mining.

Unit - III Pollution Control Strategies; Recycling, Renewable Energy Uses; Conservation of Biodiversity With Special Reference to India; Problems of Agricultural Development & Regeneration of Forest & Maintenance of Biodiversity -Wild, Aquatic & Agriculture.

Unit - IV Environmental Policy; Legislation on Water, Air, Noise; Environmental Protection Act with Special Reference to Legislation in India; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Environmental Management Planning (EMP). Suggested Readings

1. Adams, W.M. 1995 : Green Development: Environmental Sustainability in the Third World, Rout1edge, London2. Alexander, D. 1993: Natural Disasters, Research Press, New Delhi.3. Allaby, M. 1996 : Basics of Environmental Science, Routledge, London.4. Baarrsches, W.H. 1996 : Eco-facts and Eco-fiction: Understanding the Environmental Debate, Routledge,

London.5. Blaikie, P., Cannon, To Davis, I. and Wisener, 1994: At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and

Disasters, outledge,London:.6. Bryant, E.A. 1991 : Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 7. Canter, L. W. 1996 : Environmental Impact Assessment, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, New York: 8. Chapman, D. 1.994: Natural Hazards, Oxford University Press, Melbourne: 9. Chapman J.L. and Reiss, M.J. 1993: Ecology: Principles and Applications, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge:10. Chhatwal, G.R., Mensa, M.C., Satke, M., Katyal, T., Katyal, Mo, and Nagahiro, T. 1989 : Environmental Noise

Pollution and itsControl, Anmol Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.11. CoIls, J. 1997: Air Pollution: An Introduction, E & FN Spon / Chapman and Hall, London:12. Dasgupta, P. and Mller, K.G. 1997 : The Environment and Emerging Development Issues, Volumes I and 2,

Clarendon Press,Oxford:13. Elsom, D.M. 1992 : Atmospheric Pollution: A Global Problem, 2nd edition, Blackwell Pub. Co., London: 14. Falconer, R.A. and Goodwin, P. (editor) 1994 : Wet and Management, Thomas Telford, London: 15. Farmer, A. 1997 : Managing Environmental Pollution, Routledge, London: 16. Gilpin, A. 1996 : Dictionary of Environment and Sustainable Development, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,

Chichester: 117. Gilpin, A. 1997 : Environmental Impact Assessment: Culling Edge for the Twenty-first Century, Cambridge

University Press,Cambridge18. Goel, P.K. 1997: Water Pollution: Causes, Effects and Controls, New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub. New Delhi: 19. Goudie, A. 1986: The Human Impact on the Natural Environment, 2nd edition, Blackwell Pub. Co., London: 20. Marsh, W.M. and Grossa, J.M. 1996: Environmental Geography: Science, Landuse and Earth Systems, J. W.

and Sons Inc.,New York:21. Masters, G .M. 1991 : Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Sciences, Prentice Hall India Ltd. New

Delhi: 22. Middleton N. 1995 : The Global Casino: An .Introduction to Environmental Issues, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,

New York23. Park, C. 1998: The Environment: Principles and Applications, Routledge, London:

Paper- III, Title – Agricultural Geography

29

MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Nature, Scope, Significance & Development of Agriculture Geography; Approaches to the study of Agriculture Geography; Methods & Types of Cultivation.

Unit-II Determinants of Agricultural Land Use; Land Holding & Land Tenure Systems; Land Reforms; Intensity of Cropping; Diversification; Efficiency & Productivity; Crop Combination Regions of India.

Unit-III Theories of Agricultural Location Based on Several Multi-Dimensional Factors; Von Thunes's Theory of Agricultural Location & its Recent Modifications; Whittlessey's Classification of Agriculture Regions; Land Use & Land Capability.

Unit-IV Agriculture in India; Green Revolution; White Revolution; Food Deficit & Food Surplus Regions; Nutritional Index; Specific Problems in Indian Agriculture & their Management; Dry Land Agriculture; Agricultural Policy in India.

Suggested Readings:

1. Dumont, R.(1970): Types of Rural Economy: Studies in World Agriculture, Douglas Manin,London Methuen

2. Gregor, H. P. (1970): Geography of Agriculture. Prentice-Hall, New York.3. Husain, M. (1996): Systematic Agricultural Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.4. Mishra, R. P. (1967): Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations, University of Mysore, Mysore.5. Mohammad, A.(1978): Studies in Agricultural Geography, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi6. Morgan, W. B. and Norton, R.J.C. (1971): Agricultural Geography. Methuen, London.7. Sauer, O. C. (1969): Agricultural Origins and Dispersals. MIT Press, Cambridge.8. Shafi, M. (2006): Agricultural Geography, Pearson Education, New Delhi.9. Sen, Sudhir (1975): Reaping the Green Revolution. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi10. Shafi, M.(2000): Agricultural Geography of South Asia, McMillan, Delhi11. Singh, B.B. (1979) : Krishi Bhugol. Tara Publications, Varanasi.12. Singh, J. and Dhillon, S.S. (2000): Agricultural Geography. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.13. Singh, S. (1994): Agricultural Development in India: A Regional Analysis, Kaushal Publications, Shillong.14. Symons, L. (1967): Agricultural Geography. George Bell and Sons, London.15. Tarrant J. R. (1974): Agricultural Geography. John Wiley and Sons, New York.16. Bayliss Smit, T. P.; The Ecology of Agricultural Systems, Combridge university Press, London, 1987 .17. Berkry, B. J. L. et. all.; The Geographic of Economic Systems. Prentice Hall York, 1976. 18. Brown L. R .. ; The Changing World Food Prospects- The Nineties and Beyond Watch Institute,

WashingatonD. C., 1990. 19. Dyson, T.; Population and Food- Globai Trends and Future Prospects, Routledge, London, 1996. 20. Gregor, H. P. Geography of Agriculture, Prentice Hall, New Yark, 1970. 21. Grigg. D. B.; The Agricultural Systems of the World, Combridge, Univrsity Press, New York, 1974.

30

Paper- IV-A,(Optional) Title - Urban GeographyMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Urban Geography: Meaning, Nature & Scope; Origin & Growth of Urban Settlements; Process of Urbanization; Classification of Urban Settlements.

Unit-II Ecological Growth; Theories of Internal Structure of Cities; Concentric Zone Model, Sector Model, Multiple Nuclei Model; Functional Morphology; Urban Influences: Umland & Rural - Urban Fringes.

Unit-III Study of Regional Urban Patterns; Central Place Theory of Christaller & Losch; Growth Pole Theory of Perroux; Urban Function: Basic & Non Basic Function; Metropolitan City & Changing Urban Function; Rank Size Rule; Primate City.

Unit-IV Contemporary Urban Issues; Urban Poverty; Housing; Slum; Study & Preparation of Master Plan of Selected Cities

Suggested Readings:

1. Alam, S.M.: Hyderabad - Secunderabad Twin CitiesAsiaPublishingHouse. Bombay, 1964 . 2. Berry, BJ.L. and Horton F.F. Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Clitts, new

Jersey, 1970 . 3. Carter: The Study of urban Georphy, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1972 . 4. Dickinson, R.E.: City and Region, Routledge, London, 1964 . 5. Dwyer, D J. (ed.): The City as a Centre of Change inAsia, University of Hong Kong Press, Hongkong, 1971 . 6. Gibbs, J.P.: Urban Research Methods D.Van Nostrand Co. Inc. Princeton, New Jersey, 1961 . 7. Hall P.: Urban and REgional Planning, Routledge, London, 1992 . 8. Houser, Philip M. and Schnore Leo F. (ed.): The Study of Urbanization, Wiley, New York, 1965 . 9. James, P.e. and Jones c.F. (eds).: American Geogrpahy, Inventory and Prospect, Syracuse University Press,

Syracuse, 195410. Kundu, A.: Urban Development and Urban Research in Ind ia: Khanna Pub lication, 1992 . 11. Mayer, H.M. Kohn C.F. (eds): Readings in Urban Geography, University of Chicago Press, Chicago . 12. Mumford, 1.: Culture of Cities, McMillan & Co., London, 1958 . 13. Nangia, Sudesh : Delhi Metropolitan Region: A Study in Settlement Geography, Rajesh Publication, 1976 . 14. Ramchandran. R., Urbanization and Urban system in India, New Delhi, Oxford Publication, 1988 . 15. Singh R. B., (ed.) Urban sustainable in the context of Global Change, oxfors & IBN Pub. New Delhi, 2000.

31

Paper- IV-B, (Optional) Title - COMPUTER APPLICATION IN GEOGRAPHY

MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-IComputers: Definition, Characteristic; Hardware & Software; Number System; Operating Systems; Introduction to DOS, WINDOWS, WORD & EXCEL; Computer & Geographic Data: Scale of Measurement, Location Data, and Data Structure.

Unit-IIComputers in Cartography: Hardware and Software for Computer Mapping; Application of Computer Cartography; Simple Exercises for Representation of Geographic Data: Histogram, Bar Graphs, Line Graph, Multiple Line Graph, Scatter Diagram & Pie Diagram.

Unit-IIIComputation of Central Tendency Value; Quartile; Standard Deviation; ‘r’ Value & Trend Line, with the help of Computers.

Unit-IV Importance of Information Technology in Geographical Studies; Advantages of Internet, Browsing & Surfing the Geographical Sites; Web Pages; Portals & Down Loading Files.

Suggested Readings:

1. D.J.Unnwin & J.A. Dawson(1987): Computer Programming for Geographers, Longman,London.2. Monmonier, M.S.(1982) : Computer Assisted cartography, Prentice Hall.3. David J. Maguire (1989) : Computers in Geography, Longman scientific & Technical,London.4. Paul M.mather (1993): Computer application in geography John Wiley & Sons, New York U.S.A.5. Cole & King (1968): Quantitative Geography.6. Hagget Peter (1990): Geography a modern synthesis Harper international, New York.

7. Hammond B.(1974) : Quantitative techniques in Geography, McCullagh Pclarendon press

32

Paper- V, Title – Practical GeographyMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Frequency Distributions; Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode; Dispersion, Grouped and Ungrouped data, Standard Deviation.

Unit-II Probability; Theory of Probability: Law of Addition & Multiplication; Sampling: Basic Concept & Types; Sample Units & Design; Sampling Frame & Procedures; Standard Error.

Unit-III Correlation Analysis; Karl Pearson’s Product Moment & Spearman's Rank Correlation; Correlation Coefficient.

Unit-IV Regression Analysis: Properties, Least Square Method; Chi-Square Test; Models Gravity, Potential etc.

Suggested Readings:

1. David Unwn Introduction spatial Analysis, Methuen, London, 1981.

2. Gregoy, S., Statistical Methods and the Geography, Longman London, 1978.

3. Hammond, R. and P. S. Me cullagh, Quantitative Techniques in Geography An Introduction, clarendan Press

oxford, 1974.

4. John. P. Cole Kand Cuchlaine A. M. King, Quantitative Geography. John Weley, London 1968.

5. Maurice Yeats, An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis in Human Geography, Nac Graw Hill, New York, 1974.

.

6. Peter Haggett, Andrew D. Cliff & Allan Prey, Location Methods Vol. I and II EdwardArnold, London, 1977.

7. Yeats, M., An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis in Human Geography, Me Graw hill,New York, 1974.

33

Paper- I, Title – LANDUSE ANALYSIS & PLANNINGMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-IConcept of Land & Land Use; Factors Governing Land Utilisation & Causing Changes in Land Use Pattern; Importance of Soil as Determinant of Land Use; Principles of Land Use: (After Graham, Lewis, Stamp & Others); Basic Principles of Land Use Planning; Land Reclamation: Land Use & Land in Areas Having Saline & Alkaline Soils (Case Studies of Gomti Basin & Sai River).

Unit-IITypes of Soil; Acidic Soils; Desert Soils & Mountain Soils with Special Reference to India; Ownership; Occupancy & Government Control on Landuse; Landuse & Govt. Policy Regarding Wetland, Urban Land, Industrial Areas; Mining & River Valley Planning; Concept of Wasteland & Objectives of National Wasteland Development Board (NWDB).

Unit-IIIObjectives, Principles, Types & Methods of Land Use Survey; Environmental Impact of Land Use, Land Cover Changes; Impact of LUCC (Land Use Land Cover Change) in the Urban & Rural Sectors with Special Reference to Uttar Pradesh & Lucknow Region.

Unit-IVLand Use Planning: Techniques & Methods; Land Use Planning in the Urban & Rural Sectors; Land Classification (USDA, UK, FAO & India); Land Use Planning in India: A Historical Overview.

Suggested Readings:

1. Chitambar, J.B. 1993: Introductory Rural Sociology, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi: pp 2. Goomen, M.A. and Datta, A. 1995 : Panchayats and their Finance, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 3. Institute of Social Sciences 1994: Decentralised Planning and Panchayati Raj, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 4. Mandal, R..B. 1'988 : Systems of Rural Settlements in Developing Counties, Concept Pub. Co., New Delhi:5. Matthews G. (editor) 1995 : Status of Panchayati Raj: 1994, Institute of Social Sciences / Rawat Pub. Co.,

New Delhi: 6. Matthews a. 1994: Panchayati Raj: From Legislation to Movements, Rawat Pub. Co., New Delhi: 7. Misra, H.M. (ed) 1987 : Contributions to Indian Geography, Volume 9: Rural Geography, Heritage Pub., New

Delhi.8. De Blij, H.J. and Muller, P.O. 1997 : Geography: Realms Regions and Concepts, 8th edition, John Wiley and

Sons Ltd., New York: 9. Dickinson, J., Gould, B., Clarke, C., Mather, S., Prothero, M., Siddle, D., Smith, C. and Thomas-Hope, E. 1996 :

A Geography of the Third World, 2nd edition, Routledge, London10. Singh, R.L. (editor) 1971 : India: A Regional Geography, National Geographical Society of India / UBS Pub.

Distributors Ltd.,New Delhi11. Spate, O.H.K. and Learmonth, A. T.A. 1967 : India and Pakistan, 3rd edition, Munshiram Monoharlal Pub. Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi

34

Paper- II, Title – Social and Cultural GeographyMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Social Geography: Nature, Meaning & Development; Philosophical Bases of Social Geography (Positivism, Structuralism); Social Structure & Social Processes; Concept of Social Space.

Unit-II Elements of Social Geography: Ethnicity, Tribe, Dialect, Language, Caste & Religion; Socio-Cultural Regions of India; Linguistic Elements in India.

Unit-III Cultural Geography: Nature, Meaning & Development; Culture: Definition, Elements & Components; Culture Areas & Cultural Realm.

Unit-IV Racial Elements in India's Population; Tribes of India (Jaunsar Babar, Bhil, Gond, Toda, Naga); Tribes of World (Eskimo, Pigmy, Bushman).

Suggested Readings:

1. Ahmad,Aijazuddin, Social Geography, RawatPublication, New Delhi, 1999 . 2. De Blij. B.d. Human Geography. John Wiley and Son, New York. 3. Dreze Jean, Amartya Sen, Economic Development and Social Opportunity, Oxford University press, New Delhi,

1996 . 4. Dubey, S.C.: Indian Society, National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1991. 5. Gregory, D. and UJ. Larry. (eds.) Social relations and Spatial Structures, McMillan, 1985 6. Haq, Mahbubul: Reflection on Human Development. Oxford University Press.New Delhi 7. Maloney, Clarence: People of South Asia, Winston, New York, 1974 . 8. Planning Commission, Government ofIndia: Report on Development of Tribal areas.19819. Rao, M.S.A.: Urban Sociology in India. Orient Longman, 1970 . 10. Schwartzberg Joseph: An Historical Atlas of South Asia. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, 1978 . 11. Sen, Amartya and Dreze Jean, Indian Development Selected Regional Perspectives. Oxford University Press,

1996 . 12. Smith, David: Geography: A Welfare Appraoch. Edward Arnold, London, 1977 . 13. Sopher, David: An Exploration ofIndia. Cornell University Press. 1980 . 14. Subba Rao. personality of India: Pre and Proto Historic Foundation of India and Pakistan, M.S. University,

Baroda, Vadodara, 1958. .

35

Paper- III, Title – OceanographyMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-I Basic Oceanography; Surface Bottom Relief: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean & Indian Ocean.

Unit-II Physical & Chemical Properties of Sea Water; Interlink Between Atmospheric Circulation & Circulation Patterns in the Oceans; Thermohaline, Waves & Tides.

Unit-III Ocean Current: Cause, Types, Currents of Pacific, Atlantic & Indian Ocean; Effects of Ocean Currents; EI Nino La Nina & Southern Oscillation.

Unit-IV Ocean Deposits: Types & Distribution; Coral Reefs & Atolls; Theories of their Formation & Coral Bleaching; Tsunami; Sea Level Changes: Causes, Evidence & Impact.

Suggested Readings:

1. Davis Richard J.A.: "Oceanography - An Introduction to the Marine Environment" Wm. C. Brown Lowa. 1986. 2. Duxbury"C.A. and Duxbury B.: An Introduction to the World's Oceans. C. Brown Lowa 2nd ed. 1996. 3. Garrison, T.: "Oceanography - An Introduction to Marine Science. Books/ Cole, Pacific Grove, USA, 2001. 4. Gross, M. Grant: Oceanography, A View of the Earth, Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey, 1987.5. King, C.A.M. Oceanography for Geographers, 1962. 6. Sharma, R.C. "The Oceans" Rajesh N. Delhi, 1985. 7. Singh, R.B. Natural Hazards and Disaster Management, Rawat Publication, Jaipur, 2006 8. Ummerkutty, A.N.P. Science of the Oceans and Human Life, NBT, New Delhi, 1985.

36

Paper- IV, A (Optional) Title – Geography of Water ResourcesMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-IGeographical Importance of Water & Distribution of World's Water Resources (Surface & Subsurface); Hydrological Cycle; Precipitation; Potential Evapotranspiration & Interception Losses; Runoff.

Unit-II Agricultural Use of Water; Soil Water; Crop Relationships; Water Balance & Drought; Water Harvesting Techniques; Soil Water Conservation; Water Logging; Salinity & Alkalinity of Soil; Over Exploitation of Ground Water; Water Quality Parameters & Water Pollution.

Unit-III Industrial Use of Water: Demand for Water in the Industrial Sector of India; Municipal Use of Water: General Trends in Water Supply to the Urban & Rural Communities in India; Internal Navigation; Hydel Power & Recreation; Problems of Water Resource Management; Floods & Drought Management.

Unit-IV Conservation & Planning for the Development of Water Resources; Social & Institutional Considerations; Integrated Basin Planning; Conjunctive Use of Surface & Ground Water Resources; Watershed Management; Inter-State River Water Disputes.

Suggested Readings:

1. Agarwal, Anil and Sunita Narain; Dying Wisdom: Rise, Fall and Potential ofIndia's Traditional Water Harvesting System.

2. Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi. 1997 . 3. Govt. ofIndia, Ministry of Agriculture Report of the Irrigation Commission, Vol I to IV, New Delhi, 1972 . 4. Gulhati, N.D. Development ofInter-State Rivers: Law and Practice in India. Allied Pub., Bombay, 1972 . 5. International Water Resource Association and Central Board of Irrigation & Power: Water for Human Needs,

Vols. I to V 6. Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Water Resources, 12-16 December, New Delhi, 1975 . 7. Krutilla, John V. and Eckstein, 0.: Multiple Purpose River Development: Studies in Applied Economic Analysis.

John Hopkin's Press, Boston, 1958 . 8. Law. B.C. (ed.) Mountains and Rivers ofIndia IGU National Committee for Geography, Calcutta, 1968 . 9. Rao, L.K.: India's Water Wealth, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1979 . 10. Kates R. W. and Burton, I. (ed.): Geography, Resources and Environment, Ottowa, 1980. 11. Tideman, E.M.: Watershed Management Guidelines for Indian Conditions, Omega, New Delhi, 1996 . 12. Todd,D.K.: Ground Water Hydrology, John Wiley, New York, 1959 . 13. U.S.D.A.: The Year Book of Agriculture: Water, Oxford and I.B.H. Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1955. 14. Verghese, B.G.: Water of Hope: Integrated Water Resource Development and Regional Cooperation within the

Himalayan- Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak Basin. Oxford.

37

Paper- IV, B (Optional) Title – MEDICAL GEOGRAPHYMM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

Unit-IMedical Geography: Nature, Scope & Significance; Environmental Influence on Health; Relationship Between Socio–Cultural Factors & Health.

Unit-II Human Health in India; Indicators of Health; Changes in Birth, Death Rates & Infant Mortality Rates; Life Expectancy; Changes in Sex Ratio; Literacy & Population Growth; Population Control; Nutrition: Mal & Under Nutrition – Causes & Consequences.

Unit-III Disease Classification & Distribution: T.B., Cancer, Leprosy, Pneumonia, Aids, Cholera; Cholera Disease Diffusion Model.

Unit-IV Development of Health Care System in India with Special Reference to Uttar Pradesh; Study of Present Health Care Systems; Deficiencies & Problems of Efficiency Enhancement; Health Care Problems in India: Urban & Rural Differences with Special Reference to Uttar Pradesh.

Suggested Readings:

1. Woods E.J. (1983): Social Geography of Medicine & health, CroonHelm London.2. Learmonth ATA (1978): Patterns of Disease & Hunger, V Parid Chorles, London.3. Hussain Majid (1994): Medical Geography, Anmol pub. New Delhi.4. McGlashan N.D.(1972)Medical Geography, Methen, London.5. McGlashan N.D. & B'unden Y.R. (1983): Geographical Aspects of health Academic press, London.6. Philips D.R.(1981): Contemprary issues in Geography of health Case - GeoBooks,

Norwick.7. Pyle G.F. (1979): Applied Medical Geography John wifey washington.8. Shannon G.W. & Dever G.E.A.(1974): Health care Delivery McGraw Hill New York.

38

Paper- V, Title – PRACTICAL: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

MM.-80+20(Theory+ Internal Marks)

(A). Introduction to Research Methodology

Unit-IFramework o Research. Concept & Significance of Research in Geography; Philosophy & Methods: Empiricism, Positivism, Behaviorism.

Unit-IIPlanning Research & Data Generation; Primary & Secondary Data; Data Collection & Arrangement; Research Design; Participatory Research; Framing Pilot & Research Project; Making Survey-Questionnaire.

Unit-III Theories & Techniques; Model Making; Application of System Theory; Application & Relevance of Statistical & Cartographic Techniques; Application of Computer & GIS.

Unit-IV Analysis, Writing & Dissemination; Production & Arrangement of Data; Analysis of Data & Maps; Quantitative & Qualitative Interpretations; Writing Manuals (Arranging Themes, Maintaining Coherence, Cross-Comparison, Concluding, Referencing, Noting); Proof Marks & Marked Proof; Writing A Research Paper/ Report, Dissertation.

(B). Project Report /Dissertation.

Suggested Readings:

1. Ahuja, R. (2001): Research Methods, Rawat Publications, Jaipur and New Delhi.2. Bhattacharyya, D. K. (2005): Research Methodology, Excel Books, New Delhi3. Blackburn, J. and Holland, J. (eds.) (1998): Who Changes? Institutionalising Participation in Development. IT

Publications, London.4. Blaxter, L., Hughes, C. and Tight, M. (1996): How to Research. Open University Press, Buckingham.5. Crang, Mike (1999): Cultural Geography. Routledge, London.6. Daniels, P., Bradshaw, M., et al. (2000): Human Geography: Issues for the 21st Century.Prentice Hall, London,

and Pearson Publishers., Singapore. Indian reprint, 2003.7. Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y.S., (eds.) (2000): Handbook of Qualitative Research.Thousand Oaks CA. Sage

Publications.8. Dikshit, R. D. (2003): The Art and Science of Geography: Integrated Readings. Prentice-Hall of India, New

Delhi.9. Dorling, D. and Simpson, L. (eds.) (1999): Statistics in Society. Edward Arnold, London.10. Fisher, P. and Unwin, D., (eds.) (2002): Virtual Reality in Geography. Taylor and Francis, London.11. Flowerdew, R. & Martin, D.(1997): Methods in Human Geography. A Guide for Students Doing a Research

Project. Longman, Harlow.12. Hay, I. (ed.) (2000): Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography. Oxford University Press, New York.13. Henn, M., Mark W. and Nick F. (2006): A Short Introduction to Social Research, Vistaar Publications, New Delhi14. Eyles J. and Smith D. M. (1988): Qualitative Methods in Human Geography, Polity Press, Dales Brewering

Cambridge.15. Kitchin, R. and Tate, N. (2001): Conducting Research into Human Geography. Theory, Methodology and PHI

London.16. Kitchin, R. and Fuller, D., (2003): The Academic’s Guide to Publishing, Vistaar Publications, New Delhi17. Limb, M. (2001): Qualitative Methodologies for Geographers. Issue and Debates. Edward Arnold, London.18. Lofland, J. & Lofland, L.H. (1995): Analysing Social Setting. A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis.

W. Belmont,19. Longley, P., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D. and Rhind, D. (1999): Geographic Information Systems. Principles,

Techniques, Management, Applications. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

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