sy no 365/4 (pt), sidco industrial estate, asanur village

365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundherpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu

State

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 1 | P a g e

Hear

ublic

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

OF

THE PROPOSED GRASS-ROOT PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINAL

AT

Sy No 365/4 (pt), SIDCO Industrial Estate,

ASANUR VILLAGE, ULUNDURPET TEHSIL, VILLUPURAM DISTRICT

TAMIL NADU

Project Proponent

M/s INDIANOIL CORPORATION LTD

INDIANOIL BHAWAN

G-9, ALI YAVAR JUNG MARG

BANDRA (E), MUMBAI, 400051

Prepared by

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCYAND LABORATORY

A QCI-NABET Accredited Environmental Consulting Organization Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,

Opposite Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061 Tel: 022 2534 2776, 0484 4011173 , Fax: 022 25429650,

Email: [email protected], Website: www.ultratech.in

Report Released by: Mr Ramsushil Mishra

In the capacity of: EIA Co-ordinator

Signature:

September 2018

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ultratech.in/

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt)

at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory i | P a g e

Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................... 1

UNDERTAKING BY THE PROJECT PROPONENT ............................................................... 2

UNDERTAKING BY THE EIA CO-ORDINATOR ................................................................... 3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 4

COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD TOR ....................................................................................... 7

COMPLIANCE TO ADDITIONAL TOR .................................................................................. 21

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 32

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 42

1.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent.................................................................. 42

1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project ....................................... 43

1.3 Scope of the Study.......................................................................................................... 44

1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations ......................................................................... 45

1.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study ................................................................................... 46

1.6 Structure of EIA Report ................................................................................................. 46

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 48

2.1 Type of the Project ......................................................................................................... 48

2.2 Need and Justification of the Project.............................................................................. 48

2.3 Location & Layout ......................................................................................................... 48

2.4 Salient Features of the Project ........................................................................................ 55

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation ........................................... 55

2.4.2 Project Cost ............................................................................................................ 55

2.4.3 Process and Storage Details ................................................................................... 56

2.4.4 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Shed ........................................................................ 59

2.4.5 Product Pump House .............................................................................................. 59

2.4.6 Fire Fighting Facilities ........................................................................................... 59

2.4.7 Dyke Wall Facility .................................................................................................. 60

2.4.8 Instrumentation and Automation ............................................................................ 61

2.5 Safety Measures ............................................................................................................. 62

2.6 Basic Requirements ........................................................................................................ 65

2.6.1 Water Requirement and the water balance ............................................................. 65

2.6.2 Power Requirement ................................................................................................. 66

2.6.3 Land use breakup .................................................................................................... 66



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2.6.4 Utility Area.............................................................................................................. 66

2.6.5 Manpower Requirement .......................................................................................... 66

2.7 Wastewater Management ............................................................................................... 66

2.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System ................................................................ 66

2.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages ....................................................... 67

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................. 68

3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 68

3.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 68

3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting .............................................................. 68

3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................ 68

3.3.2 Hydrogeology & Geology ....................................................................................... 73

3.4 Meteorological Data ....................................................................................................... 76

3.5 Ambient Air Quality....................................................................................................... 77

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ........................................................................ 77

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ...................................................................... 81

3.6 Noise............................................................................................................................... 82

3.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 82

3.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 82

3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured ................................................. 83

3.6.4 Noise Results ........................................................................................................... 84

3.7 Water Environment ........................................................................................................ 86

3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology ....................................................................................... 86

3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ............................................................................. 86

3.7.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 86

3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality ........................................................................ 87

3.8 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 92

3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 92

3.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 92

3.8.3 Soil Results .............................................................................................................. 92

3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity ............................................................................................... 94

3.9.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 94

3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring ...................................................................... 94

3.9.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 95

3.9.4 Ecological Settings of Study Area ........................................................................... 96



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3.9.5 Ecologically Sensitive Sites................................................................................... 104

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment ..................................................................................... 106

3.11 Traffic Survey .............................................................................................................. 116

3.11.1 Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service ........................................................ 118

3.11.2 Modified Traffic Scenario & Level of Service ...................................................... 119

CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES ........................................................................................................................... 120

4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 120

4.2 Impact Assessment ....................................................................................................... 120

4.2.1 During Construction Phase .................................................................................. 120

4.2.2 During Operation Phase ....................................................................................... 122

4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures......................................................................................... 123

4.3.1 During Construction Phase .................................................................................. 123

4.3.2 During Operation Phase ....................................................................................... 125

4.4 Impact Matrix ............................................................................................................... 127

4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ..................................... 129

4.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 138

CHAPTER 5. PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................... 139

5.1 Project Benefits ............................................................................................................ 139

5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure ............................................................... 139

5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure ................................................................... 139

5.4 Employment Potential .................................................................................................. 139

5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development ..................................................................... 140

5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer ..................................... 141

5.7 Other Tangible Benefits ............................................................................................... 141

CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ..... 142

6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 142

6.2 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy of IOCL .............................................. 142

6.3 EMP during Construction Phase .................................................................................. 145

6.3.1 Air Environment .................................................................................................... 145

6.3.2 Noise Environment ................................................................................................ 145

6.3.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 146

6.3.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................. 146

6.3.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 146



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6.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 146

6.3.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................. 147

6.4 EMP during Operation ................................................................................................. 147

6.4.1 Air Environment .................................................................................................... 147

6.4.2 Noise Environment ................................................................................................ 147

6.4.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 148

6.4.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................. 148

6.4.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 149

6.4.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 149

6.5 Action Plan for Greenbelt Development ...................................................................... 149

6.6 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management ............................... 154

6.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme ....................................................................... 155

6.7.1 Ambient Air Quality .............................................................................................. 157

6.7.2 Surface Water Quality........................................................................................... 157

6.7.3 Ground Water Quality .......................................................................................... 157

6.7.4 Soil Quality ........................................................................................................... 157

6.7.5 Noise Level ............................................................................................................ 158

6.8 Environmental Management Cell................................................................................. 158

CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ............................................................................... 159

7.1 Public Consultation ...................................................................................................... 159

7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Study ............................................................... 160

7.2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 160

7.2.2 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................. 161

7.2.3 Quantitative Risk Analysis Methodology .............................................................. 161

7.2.4 Hazard Identification ............................................................................................ 164

7.2.5 Consequence Analysis ........................................................................................... 165

7.2.6 Consequence Analysis Modelling ......................................................................... 165

7.2.7 Damage Criteria ................................................................................................... 170

7.2.8 Risk Analysis ......................................................................................................... 191

7.2.9 Risk Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................... 196

7.2.10 Consequence Contours ......................................................................................... 197

CHAPTER 8. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...................................... 207

8.1 Consultants Engaged .................................................................................................... 207

REPLIES OF QUERIES RAISED BY SEIAA ........................................................................ 209



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List of Tables

Table 1.1: Details of the project .................................................................................................... 43

Table 2.1: Throughput Projections ............................................................................................... 48

Table 2.2: Terminal Location Overview ....................................................................................... 49

Table 2.3: Salient Features of the proposed facility ..................................................................... 55

Table 2.4: Cost of the project ........................................................................................................ 55

Table 2.5: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity ......................................................................... 58

Table 2.6: Fire-fighting facilities for proposed Terminal ............................................................. 59

Table 2.7: Details of Fire Tanks ................................................................................................... 60

Table 2.8: Schedule of Fire Pumps ............................................................................................... 60

Table 2.9: Dyke Wall Details........................................................................................................ 61

Table 2.10: Water Requirement Details........................................................................................ 65

Table 2.11: Land use breakup ....................................................................................................... 66

Table 2.12: Non Hazardous waste ................................................................................................ 67

Table 2.13: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 67

Table 3.1: Land use/Land cover class of 10 Km Study Area ....................................................... 70

Table 3.2: Stage of ground water development ............................................................................ 74

Table 3.3: Meteorological Monitoring at study area .................................................................... 76

Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area ............................................................... 76

Table 3.5: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations ............................................................................. 78

Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results .................................................................... 79

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results .................................................................... 80

Table 3.8: Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ............................................... 81

Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 83

Table 3.10: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ........................................................................... 84

Table 3.11: Ambient Noise Standards .......................................................................................... 84

Table 3.12: Water Quality Sampling Locations ........................................................................... 86

Table 3.13: Ground Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 88

Table 3.14: Surface Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 91

Table 3.15: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 92

Table 3.16: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area .................................................. 92

Table 3.17: Density, Abundance and Frequency of Plant Species in Study Area ........................ 97

Table 3.18: Avifauna observed in the study area ........................................................................ 100

Table 3.19: Scheduled Fauna as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 ........................................... 102

Table 3.20: Diversity Indices of Flora in Study Area ................................................................. 103

Table 3.21: Demographic Attributes for Villupuram District .................................................... 107

Table 3.22: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area ........................................................... 110

Table 3.23: Literacy in the study area ......................................................................................... 112



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Table 3.24: Status of working population in the study area ....................................................... 112

Table 3.25: Distribution of Total (main + marginal) workers by category ................................ 113

Table 3.26: List of Major industries ........................................................................................... 114

Table 3.27: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads ......................................................... 116

Table 3.28: Traffic Survey, Node I ............................................................................................. 117

Table 3.29: Level of Service ....................................................................................................... 118

Table 4.1: Impact Matrix ............................................................................................................ 127

Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ......................................................... 129

Table 4.3: Overall Matrix ........................................................................................................... 138

Table 5.1: Summary of CSR activities ....................................................................................... 140

Table 6.1: Scenario of zone I and zone II ................................................................................... 152

Table 6.2: Suggested Trees & Shrubs ......................................................................................... 153

Table 6.3: Expenditure on Environmental Management ............................................................ 154

Table 6.4: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program ....................................................... 156

Table 7.1: Concerns raised and Responses at Public Hearing .................................................... 159

Table 7.2: Isolatable Sections ..................................................................................................... 167

Table 7.3: Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity ............................................................. 170

Table 7.4 Damage due to overpressure ....................................................................................... 171

Table 7.5: Impact Distance in meter ........................................................................................... 173

Table 7.6: Immediate Ignition Probability .................................................................................. 192

Table 7.7: Failure Frequency of Selected Scenarios ................................................................... 193

Table 8.1: EIA Team................................................................................................................... 207

Table 8.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA ........................................................... 208

Table 8.3: Laboratory for Analysis ............................................................................................. 208



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List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Connectivity Map ....................................................................................................... 44

Figure 2.1: Project Location ......................................................................................................... 50

Figure 2.2: Toposheet of the proposed site in 1: 50,000 scale ...................................................... 51

Figure 2.3: Google Image of the Study Area ................................................................................ 52

Figure 2.4: Photographs of the project site ................................................................................... 52

Figure 2.5: Layout of SIDCO Industrial Area showing the proposed project site ....................... 53

Figure 2.6: Project Site Layout ..................................................................................................... 54

Figure 2.7: Flow Chart of operations ............................................................................................ 57

Figure 2.8: Water Balance Chart .................................................................................................. 65

Figure 3.1: Satellite Map of the study area ................................................................................... 69

Figure 3.2: Land use/Land cover of 10 Km Study Area ............................................................... 70

Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area ................................................................................. 71

Figure 3.4: Contour Map of the study area ................................................................................... 72

Figure 3.5: Depth to water level- Premonsoon ............................................................................. 75

Figure 3.6: Depth to water level- Post monsoon........................................................................... 75

Figure 3.7: Windrose for period of April 2016 to June 2016. ...................................................... 77

Figure 3.8: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Air & Noise........................................................ 85

Figure 3.9: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Water & Soil ...................................................... 87

Figure 3.10: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey ................................................................ 117

Figure 3.11: No’s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour ..................................................... 118

Figure 6.1: Hierarchy for HSE .................................................................................................... 144

Figure 6.2: Layout plan for Green Belt Development ................................................................ 150

Figure 7.1: Methodology ............................................................................................................ 162




PREFACE

This EIA report is prepared as per TOR No. SEIAA/F.No.5365/2016/6b/VPR/ToR-266/2016

issued by State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority, Tamil Nadu as per their letter dated

27/09/2016 to M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, the standard ToR published by the MoEF&CC

dated April 2015 and the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.

Disclaimer:

This report has been prepared with all reasonable skills, knowledge, care and diligence by

M/s ULTRA-TECH, Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory Thane, the NABET

accredited and national level leading Environmental Consultancy Organization within the

terms of the contract with the Client (Project Proponent), incorporating their General Terms

and Conditions of Contract and taking in to account of the resources devoted to it by Business

Agreement. The report was discussed with the project proponent in detail before releasing.

This EIA report has been prepared using information received from Client, collecting primary

data and compilation of secondary data from available resources. We are not responsible for

the origin and authenticity of the information, drawings or design details provided by the

Client.




UNDERTAKING BY THE PROJECT PROPONENT




UNDERTAKING BY THE EIA CO-ORDINATOR

Declaration by the EIA-Coordinator

Name of the project: Proposed Grass-Root Petroleum Terminal at Asanur Village, Tamil Nadu

State Name of the client: M/s IndianOil Corporation Ltd

I, Mr Ramsushil Mishra, the empaneled EIA Co-ordinator of M/s ULTRA-TECH

Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory hereby certify that, the EIA for the above project

prepared by the earlier EIA Coordinator, Mr Timir Shah, has been reviewed by me and the

suitable changes as mentioned during the Public Hearing as well as the SEAC presentations have

been duly incorporated by me.

Name: Mr Ramsushil

Mishra Signature:

Period of Involvement: May 2018 – July 2018

Contact Information: [email protected]




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAQ : Ambient Air quality

AOPS : Automated Overspill Protection System

AP : Air Pollution

API : American Petroleum Institute

AST : Above Storage Tank

BDL : Below Detectable Limit

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand

CCTV : Closed Circuit Television

CER : Corporate Environment Responsibility

CGWA : Central Ground Water Authority

CHWTSDF : Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage Disposal Facility

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board

CPCL : Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited

CRVT : Cone Roof Vertical Tank

CRZ : Coastal Regulation Zone

CSR : Corporate Social Responsibility

CTE : Consent to Establish

CTMPL : Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline

CTO : Consent to Operate

DC : District Collector

D.G set : Diesel Generator Set

DBBV’s : Double Block and Bleed Valves

EB : Water Pollution

EC : Environmental Clearance

ECG : Electrocardiogram

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

ERDMP : Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan

ESC : Enterprise Social Commitment

ESD : Emergency Shutdown System

ETP : Effluent Treatment Plant

FF : Flash Fire




FMEA : Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

GIS : Geographic Information System

GPS : Global Positioning System

HAZID : Hazard Identification

HAZOP : Hazardous Operations Analysis

HCD : Hydro-Carbon Detection

HHMD : Hand Held Metal Detector

HSD : High Speed Diesel

HSE : Health Safety & Environment

IFRVT : Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank

IOCL : Indian Oil Corporation Limited

IR : Infra Red

kLD : Kilolitres per Day

KSKs : Kisan Seva Kendra Outlets

kVA : Kilo Volt Ampere

LFL : Lower Flammability Limit

LOC : Loss of Containment

LOTO : Lock Out &Tag Out

LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas

LRC : Laboratory Room Equipment

LULC : Land Use & Land Cover

MMTPA : Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum

MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change

MOU : Memorandum of Understanding

MOV : Motor Operated Valves

MS : Motor Spirit

MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheet

MSIHC Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules

MW : Mega Watt

NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NABET : National Accreditation Board for Education and Training

NABL : National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration

Laboratories

NOC : No Objection Certificate

OISD : Oil Industry Safety Directorate

OWS : Oil Water Separator

PCC : Plain Cement Concrete

PCE : Passenger Car Equivalency

PCU : Passenger Car Unit.

PEL : Permissible Exposure level




PHA : Preliminary Hazard Analysis

POL : Petroleum Oils and Lubricants

PPE : Personal Protective Equipment

QCI : Quality Council of India

QRA : Quantitative Risk Assessment

R&R : Rehabilitation and Resettlement

RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete.

ROSOV : Remote Operated Shut Off Valves

RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter

RWH : Rain Water Harvesting

SCADA : Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SE : Socio Economic

SEAC : State Expert Appraisal Committee

SEIAA : State Environment Impact Assessment Authority

SIDCO : Small Industries Development Corporation Limited

SPCB : State Pollution Control Board

SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter

STP : Sewage Treatment Plant

SW : Surface Water

TANSIDCO : Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development Corporation Limited

TLD : Tank Lorry Decantation

TLF : Truck Loading Facility

TNPCB : Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board

TNSEB : Tamil Nadu Electricity Board

TOP : Tap Off Point

ToR : Terms of Reference

TSDF : Treatment, Storage &Disposal Facility

TT : Tank Truck

UG : Under Ground

UGHT : Underground Horizontal Tank

VCE : Vapour Cloud Explosion

VOC : Volatile Organic Compound

WP : Water Pollution

WTP : Water Treatment Plant




COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD TOR

Terms of Reference (ToR) as per the Standard ToR issued by the Ministry of Environment,

Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) in April 2015

S No TOR Compliance

1. Executive Summary Executive summary of the project has been

prepared and enclosed at the beginning of the EIA

report.

2. Introduction

i. Details of the EIA Consultant

including NABET accreditation

Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET

accreditation are included in Chapter 8, section

8.1

ii. Information about the project

proponent

A brief description of the project proponent is

given in Chapter 1, section 1.1

iii. Importance and benefits of the

project

The importance and benefits of the project are

given in Executive Summary and Chapter 5.

3. Project Description

i. Cost of project and time of

completion.

Proposed schedule and approval for

implementation as well as the project cost are

given in Chapter 2, section 2.4.1 and 2.4.2

ii. Products with capacities for the

proposed project.

There is no production process at the project site

as it is a petroleum storagfe terminal. The storage

tank details are given in section 2.4.3

iii. If expansion project, details of

existing products with capacities

and whether adequate land is

available for expansion, reference

of earlier EC if any.

This is a Greenfield project

iv. List of raw materials required

and their source along with mode

of transportation.

This is a petroleum storage terminal and hence there

is no production/manufacturing process involved.

Terminal shall be handling and storing various

finished petroleum products. The operations include

receiving the petroleum products (MS, HSD) through

existing cross-country pipelines via a ToP at existing

Asanur Pumping Station, storing the petroleum

products in storage tanks fabricated as per

international standards and dispatching quality

petroleum products through Tank Trucks to Retail

Outlets (ROs).




v. Other chemicals and materials

required with quantities and

storage capacities

No other chemicals/materials are required

vi. Details of emission, effluents,

hazardous waste generation and

their management.

The details regarding the emissions from the proposed

project and the control measures are given in Chapter

2, sections 2.7 and 2.8.

vii. Requirement of water, power,

with source of supply, status of

approval, water balance diagram,

man-power requirement (regular

and contract)

The details regarding the water requirement and water

balance diagram are given in Chapter 2, section 2.6.1.

The power requirement and manpower requirement

are given in Chapter 2, sections 2.6.2 and 2.6.5

respectively.

viii. Process description along with

major equipment and machineries,

process flow sheet (quantities)

from raw material to products to be

provided.

There is no production process involved. The flow

chart of operations from the receipt of finished

petroleum products through cross-country pipeline,

the storage of these products in storage tanks and the

transport of these products through tank trucks, is

given in Chapter 2, section 2.4.3, Figure 2.7.

ix. Hazard identification and

details of proposed safety systems

Hazard identification is done in the Quantitative Risk

Assessment report, in Chapter 7, section 7.2.4

x. Expansion/modernization

proposals:

a. Copy of all the Environmental

Clearance(s) including

Amendments thereto obtained for

the project from MOEF/SEIAA

shall be attached as an Annexure. A

certified copy of the latest

Monitoring Report of the Regional

Office of the Ministry of

Environment and Forests as per

circular dated 30th May, 2012 on

the status of compliance of

conditions stipulated in all the

existing environmental clearances

including Amendments shall be

provided. In addition, status of

compliance of Consent to Operate

for the ongoing and existing

operation of the project from SPCB

Not expansion or modernization. This is a Greenfield

petroleum storage terminal

Not applicable, as this is a Greenfield project




shall be attached with the EIA-

EMP report.

b. In case the existing project has

not obtained environmental

clearance, reasons for not taking

EC under the provisions of the EIA

Notification 1994 and/or EIA

Notification 2006 shall be

provided. Copies of Consent to

Establish/No Objection Certificate

and Consent to Operate (in case of

units operating prior to EIA

Notification 2006, CTE and CTO

of FY 2005-2006) obtained from

the SPCB shall be submitted.

Further, compliance report to the

conditions of consents from the

SPCB shall be submitted.

Not applicable, as this is a Greenfield project

4. Site Details

i. Location of the project site

covering village, Taluka/Tehsil,

District and State, Justification for

selecting the site, whether other

sites were considered.

The location details are given in Chapter 2,

section 2.3, of the EIA report

ii. A toposheet of the study area of

radius of 10km and site location on

1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an

A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-

sensitive areas and

environmentally sensitive places)

Toposheet of the study area of radius 10 km in 1:

50000 scale is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.2.

iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis

for selection of site

The existing petroleum market of Ulundurpet and

surrounding area is being fed from petroleum

storage locations existing at Chennai, Trichy and

Shankari which are more than 150 km away. The

Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) of

IOCL is having an intermediate pump station at

Asanur. Hence having a POL terminal at Asanur

is very beneficial in terms of reducing the road

transportation. The justification for site selection

is given in Chapter 2, section 2.2.




iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all

four corners of the site.

The co-ordinates of the four extreme boundary

points are as follows

N corner: 11o36’45.06” N, 79o11’28.74”E

E corner: 11o36’19.67”N, 79o11’59.34”E

S corner: 11o36’16.99” N, 79o11’38.18”E

SW corner: 11o36’29.99”N, 79o11’ 20.24”E

The Google image of the project site is given

in Chapter 2.

v. Google map-Earth downloaded

of the project site.

Google Earth image of the project site is given as

Figure 2.3 in Chapter 2 of the EIA report.

vi. Layout maps indicating existing

unit as well as proposed unit

indicating storage area, plant area,

greenbelt area, utilities etc. If

located within an Industrial

area/Estate/Complex, layout of

Industrial Area indicating location

of unit within the Industrial

area/Estate.

Layout of the project site is shown in Figure 2.6

in Chapter 2 of the EIA report. The layout of the

SIDCO industrial area is shown in Chapter 2,

Figure 2.5

vii. Photographs of the proposed

and existing (if applicable) plant

site. If existing, show photographs

of plantation/greenbelt, in

particular.

Photographs of the proposed plant site is shown

in Figure 2.4

viii. Land use break-up of total land

of the project site (identified and

acquired), government/ private -

agricultural, forest, wasteland,

water bodies, settlements, etc shall

be included. (not required for

industrial area)

The project site comes in SIDCO industrial

estate. The land use breakup of the project is

given in Chapter 2, section 2.6.3.

ix. A list of major industries with

name and type within study area

(10km radius) shall be

incorporated.

The list of industries in the SIDCO industrial area

is given in Chapter 3, section 3.10, Table 3.26.

x. Land use details of the study

area, Geological features and Geo-

hydrological status of the study

area shall be included.

Land use details of the study area along with the

geological features and geo-hydrological status of

the study area is given in Chapter 3, section 3.3.1

Geological features and Geo-hydrological status

of the study is given in section 3.3.2.




xi. Details of drainage of the project

up to 5km radius of study area. If

the site is within 1 km radius of any

major river, peak and lean season

river discharge as well as flood

occurrence frequency based on

peak rainfall data of the past 30

years. Details of Flood Level of the

project site and maximum Flood

Level of the river shall also be

provided. (mega green field

projects)

The drainage pattern of the study area is detailed

in Chapter 3, section 3.3.1. The site is not within

1 km radius of any major river.

xii. Status of acquisition of land. If

acquisition is not complete, stage

of the acquisition process and

expected time of complete

possession of the land.

SIDCO has allotted the land to Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd on outright sale basis

xiii. R&R details in respect of land

in line with state Government

policy

R&R is not involved as the land belonged to

SIDCO Industrial Estate. SIDCO has allotted the

land to Indian Oil Corporation Ltd on outright

sale basis.

5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if

applicable)

Not applicable

i. Permission and approval for the

use of forest land (forestry

clearance), if any, and

recommendations of the State

Forest Department. (if

applicable)

Not applicable

ii. Land use map based on High

resolution satellite imagery

(GPS) of the proposed site

delineating the forestland (in

case of projects involving forest

land more than 40 ha)

Not applicable

i. Status of Application submitted

for obtaining the stage I forestry

clearance along with latest status

shall be submitted.

Not applicable




iii. The projects to be located

within 10 km of the National

Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere

Reserves, Migratory Corridors

of Wild Animals, the project

proponent shall submit the map

duly authenticated by Chief

Wildlife Warden showing these

features vis-à-vis the project

location and the

recommendations or comments

of the Chief Wildlife Warden-

thereon

Not applicable as there is no National Parks,

Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory

Corridors of Wild Animals, within 10 km radius

of the project site

ii. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly

authenticated by the Chief

Wildlife Warden of the State

Government for conservation of

Schedule I fauna, if any exists in

the study area.

Not applicable

iv.Copy of application submitted

for clearance under the Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972, to the

Standing Committee of the

National Board for Wildlife.

Not applicable

6. Environmental Status

i. Determination of atmospheric

inversion level at the project site

and site-specific

micrometeorological data using

temperature, relative humidity,

hourly wind speed and direction

and rainfall.

The site-specific micrometeorological data is

given in Chapter 3, section 3.4 of EIA/EMP

report

ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8

locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NOX, CO and other parameters

relevant to the project shall be

collected. The monitoring stations

shall be based CPCB guidelines

and take into account the pre-

dominant wind direction,

AAQ analysis data at 10 locations identified

based on sensitive locations and predominant

wind direction is given in Chapter 3, section 3.5

of EIA/EMP report




population zone and sensitive

receptors including reserved

forests.

iii. Raw data of all AAQ

measurement for 12 weeks of all

stations as per frequency given in

the NAQQM Notification of Nov.

2009 along with - min., max.,

average and 98% values for each of

the AAQ parameters from data of

all AAQ stations should be

provided as an annexure to the EIA

Report.

The values of the AAQ parameters and details of

all AAQ stations is given in the Table 3.5, Table

3.6 and Table 3.7.

iv. Surface water quality of nearby

River (100m upstream and

downstream of discharge point)

and other surface drains at eight

locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC

guidelines.

Results of surface water quality analysis are

discussed in Chapter 3, section 3.7 of EIA/EMP

report

v. Whether the site falls near to

polluted stretch of river identified

by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes

give details.

The site doesn’t falls near to polluted stretch of

river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC,

vi. Ground water monitoring at

minimum at 8 locations shall be

included.

Ground water quality monitoring was conducted

in 5 locations and surface water monitoring in 1

location. Details are given in Chapter 3, section

3.7 of EIA/EMP report

vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8

locations within the study area.

Noise level monitoring was conducted in 10

locations. Details are given in Chapter 3, section

3.6 of EIA/EMP report

viii. Soil Characteristic as per

CPCB guidelines.

5 soil samples are analysed. Details are given in

Chapter 3, section 3.8.

ix. Traffic study of the area, type of

vehicles, frequency of vehicles for

transportation of materials,

additional traffic due to proposed

project, parking arrangement etc.

Details are given in Chapter 3, section 3.11 of

EIA/EMP report

x. Detailed description of flora and

fauna (terrestrial and aquatic)

existing in the study area shall be


EIA/EMP report




given with special reference to rare,

endemic and endangered species. If

Schedule- I fauna are found within

the study area, a Wildlife

Conservation Plan shall be

prepared and furnished.

xi. Socio-economic status of the

study area.


EIA/EMP report

7. Impact and Environment

Management Plan

i. Assessment of ground level

concentration of pollutants from

the stack emission based on site-

specific meteorological features. In

case the project is located on a hilly

terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall

be done using inputs of the specific

terrain characteristics for

determining the potential impacts

of the project on the AAQ.

Cumulative impact of all sources of

emissions (including

transportation) on the AAQ of the

area shall be assessed. Details of

the model used and the input data

used for modelling shall also be

provided. The air quality contours

shall be plotted on a location map

showing the location of project site,

habitation nearby, sensitive

receptors, if any.

In the construction phase of the project, there will

be linear and localized vehicular emissions due to

the transportation of construction material.

Regular water sprinkling and the use of RMC/

batching plant at the site will bring down these

dust emissions considerably.

In the operation phase, the project involves only

the receipt, storage and dispatch of finished

petroleum products. Hence the changes in air

quality due to the proposed project are only

during the transportation of the petroleum

products in the tank trucks, which will be the

vehicular emissions (mostly dust) which can be

considered negligible considering that, the

project is proposed to be set up in an industrial

area, and regular water sprinkling will be done to

avoid any negative impact on the environment.

Proposal to develop a green belt with species

based on the Guidelines for development of

Greenbelt issued by Central Pollution Control

Board (CPCB) for the Agro climatic zone East

Coast Plains-Hills will further negate any impacts

of vehicular emissions on the ambient air quality.

Air quality modelling study report is incorporated in

Chapter 4, section 4.2

ii. Water Quality modelling - in

case of discharge in water body

There will be no discharge of untreated effluent

to any water bodies. The sewage generated at

the site will be treated in the 10 kLD STP

proposed to be provided at the site. Mechanized




ETP (oil water separator) of capacity 100 m3/h

will be provided for treating

iii. Impact of the transport of the

raw materials and end products on

the surrounding environment shall

be assessed and provided. In this

regard, options for transport of raw

materials and finished products and

wastes (large quantities) by rail or

rail-cum road transport or conveyor

cum-rail transport shall be

examined.

The petroleum products for storage at the

terminal are being received through cross-

country pipeline Chennai-Trichy-Madurai

Pipeline (CTMPL). Hence there will not be any

truck movement for the transportation of products

to the terminal. The stored petroleum products

will be dispatched to the customers via tank

trucks. During the operation phase of the project,

an addition of ~ 300 trips per day (i.e. 150 trucks

per day to and fro) of tank trucks is envisaged. The

modified traffic scenario due to the proposed

project is detailed in Chapter 3, section 3.11.2 of

EIA/EMP report

iv. A note on treatment of

wastewater from different plant

operations, extent recycled and

reused for different purposes shall

be included. Complete scheme of

effluent treatment, characteristics

of untreated and treated effluent to

meet the prescribed standards of

discharge under E(P) Rules.

The details regarding the wastewater

management is given in Chapter 2, section 2.7

of EIA/EMP report

v. Details of stack emission and

action plan for control of emissions

to meet standards.

There will not be any stack emissions. The air

pollution control measures proposed are given

in Chapter 4,section 4.3 of EIA/EMP report

vi. Measures for fugitive emission

control

Regular water sprinkling will be adopted for

mitigating the fugitive dust emissions. The

details are given in Chapter 4, section 4.3 of

EIA/EMP report

vii. Details of hazardous waste

generation and their storage,

utilization and management.

Copies of MOU regarding

utilization of solid and hazardous

waste in cement plant shall also be

included. EMP shall include the

concept of waste-minimization,

recycle/reuse/recover techniques,

Details of hazardous waste is given in Chapter

2, Table 2.8 of EIA/EMP report




Energy conservation, and natural

resource conservation.

viii. Proper utilization of fly ash

shall be ensured as per Fly Ash

Notification, 2009. A detailed plan

of action shall be provided.

Not Applicable

ix. Action plan for the green belt

development plan in 33 % area i.e.

land with not less than 1,500 trees

per ha. Giving details of species,

width of plantation, planning

schedule etc. shall be included. The

green belt shall be around the

project boundary and a scheme for

greening of the roads used for the

project shall also be incorporated.

Details are given in Chapter6, Section 6.5 of

EIA/EMP report

x. Action plan for rainwater

harvesting measures at plant site

shall be submitted to harvest

rainwater from the roof tops and

storm water drains to recharge the

ground water and also to use for the

various activities at the project site

to conserve fresh water and reduce

the water requirement from other

sources.

Rain water harvesting will be provided.

Rainwater from the landscape area and

hardscape area will be used to recharge the

ground water sources through recharge pit. Rain

water harvesting tank with a capacity of 200 m3

is proposed.

xi. Total capital cost and recurring

cost/annum for environmental

pollution control measures shall be

included.

Details are given in Chapter 6, Section 6.6 of

EIA/EMP report

xii. Action plan for post-project

environmental monitoring shall be

submitted.

Details are given in Chapter 6, Section 6.7 of

EIA/EMP report

xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster

(natural and Man-made)

Preparedness and Emergency

Management Plan including Risk

Assessment and damage control.

Disaster management plan should

The Emergency Response and Disaster

Management Plan (ERDMP) is attached as

Annexure with the EIA report




be linked with District Disaster

Management Plan.

8. Occupational health

i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure

the occupational health & safety of

all contract and casual workers

ii. Details of exposure specific

health status evaluation of worker.

If the workers' health is being

evaluated by pre designed format,

chest x rays, Audiometry,

Spirometry, Vision testing (Far &

Near vision, colour vision and any

other ocular defect) ECG, during

pre-placement and periodical

examinations give the details of the

same. Details regarding last month

analyzed data of above mentioned

parameters as per age, sex, duration

of exposure and department wise.

iii. Details of existing Occupational

& Safety Hazards. What are the

exposure levels of hazards and

whether they are within

Permissible Exposure level (PEL).

If these are not within PEL, what

measures the company has adopted

to keep them within PEL so that

health of the workers can be

preserved,

iv. Annual report of health status of

workers with special reference to

Occupational Health and Safety.

Fund allocation will be done as per the

relevant rules

Health check yearly as per Factories rule 12B

will be conducted for all contract and casual

workers.

9. Corporate Environment Policy

i. Does the company have a well

laid down Environment Policy

approved by its Board of Directors?

If so, it may be detailed in the EIA

report.

The company has well laid down Health

Safety and Environment Policy. The details

are given in section 6.2 in Chapter 6 of the EIA

report.




ii. Does the Environment Policy

prescribe for standard operating

process / procedures to bring into

focus any infringement / deviation /

violation of the environmental or

forest norms /conditions? If so, it

may be detailed in the EIA.

iii. What is the hierarchical system

or Administrative order of the

company to deal with the

environmental issues and for

ensuring compliance with the

environmental clearance

conditions? Details of this system

may be given.

iv. Does the company have system

of reporting of non-compliances /

violations of environmental norms

to the Board of Directors of the

company and / or shareholders or

stakeholders at large? This

reporting mechanism shall be

detailed in the EIA report

The details are given in section 6.2 in Chapter

6 of the EIA report.

The hierarchy is detailed in Figure 6.2.1 in

Chapter 6 of the EIA report

The company has an online accident/incident

reporting web portal for the non-

compliances/violations. The details are given

in section 6.2 in Chapter 6 of the EIA report.

10. Details regarding infrastructure

facilities such as sanitation, fuel,

restroom etc. to be provided to the

labour force during construction as

well as to the casual workers

including truck drivers during

operation phase.

All infrastructure facilities such as sanitation,

fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour

force during construction as well as to the casual

workers including truck drivers during operation

phase.

11. Enterprise Social Commitment

(ESC)

i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of

the project cost) shall be earmarked

towards the Enterprise Social

Commitment based on Public

Hearing issues and item-wise

details along with time bound

action plan shall be included.

The details of the proposed CSR activities

towards ESC are given in Chapter 5, Section 5.5

of EIA/EMP report.




Socio-economic development

activities need to be elaborated

upon.

12. Any litigation pending against the

project and/or any direction/order

passed by any Court of Law against

the project, if so, details thereof

shall also be included. Has the unit

received any notice under the

Section 5 of Environment

(Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant

Sections of Air and Water Acts? If

so, details thereof and

compliance/ATR to the notice(s)

and present status of the case.

No litigation pending against the project

13. A tabular chart with index for point

wise compliance of above TOR.

This table gives the point wise compliance with

the Standard Terms of Reference and is

incorporated in the EIA report.

14. Details on list of hazardous

chemicals to be stored along with

storage quantities at the facility,

their category (as per MSIHC

Rules), MSDS.

Details of hazardous waste is given in Chapter 2,

Table 2.8 of EIA/EMP report.

15. Mode of receiving hazardous

chemicals in isolated storages and

mode of their dispatch.

The process flow chart is given in Chapter 2,

Section 2.4.3 of EIA/EMP report.

16. Layout plan of the storage tanks

and other associated facilities.

Figure 2.1 shows the layout plan of proposed

storage tanks at IOCL of EIA/EMP report.

17. Details on types and specifications

of the storage facilities including

tanks, pumps, piping, valves,

flanges, pumps, monitoring

equipments, systems for emissions

control safety controls including

relief systems.

The details of the existing and proposed storage

facilities are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.4 of

EIA/EMP report.

18. Arrangements to control

loss/leakage of chemicals and

management system in case of

leakage.

The details of the arrangements to control

leakage and the management system in case of

leakage are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.4 of

EIA/EMP report.




19. Risk Assessment & Disaster

Management Plan

Identification of hazards

– Consequence Analysis

– Details of domino effect of the

storage tanks and respective

preventive measures including

distance between storage units in an

isolated storage facility.

– Onsite and offsite emergency

preparedness plan.

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) has been

conducted for the proposed storage capacity

augmentation and the same is detailed in Chapter

7, Section 7.2. The identification of hazards is

given in Section 7.2.4. Consequence Analysis is

given in Section 7.2.5 and 7.2.6. The Emergency

Response and Disaster Management Plan

(ERDMP) is attached as Annexure to the EIA

report.




COMPLIANCE TO ADDITIONAL TOR

Sl No TOR Reference

1. Include report on Risk Assessment,

Disaster management Plan considering

worst scenario effects.

Quantitative Risk Assessment Report

along with Emergency Response Disaster

Management Plan (ERDMP) are prepared

and the following are incorporated in the

same

Identification of risks, result

evaluation, computation of summary

Hazard analysis/damage model studies

for tanks/petroleum facilities, thermal

radiation effects.

Maximum Credible Accident Analysis

bringing out types of fire hazards from

petroleum facilities, past accident

analysis, risk factors, domino effects

etc.

Emergency preparedness plan with

respect to safety/administration,

environment, societal risks, fire

fighting/communication,

power/lighting, medical facilities etc.

Preparation and submission of ON

SITE Emergency Plan (DMP) for the

terminal based on Risk Analysis and

Risk assessment (Including VCE

Scenario).

2. Traffic study report with respect to

parking of trucks and transportation.

Traffic count along the abutting highway

of the project site was carried out to

showcase the effects of increase in number

of trucks from the proposed project.

Additionally, parking area for about 125

Trucks has been proposed. As part of the

terms of agreement with TANSIDCO,

approach road of about 900 meters from

NH to the entry of the terminal and to be

used by all allottees of the industrial estate

shall be provide by IndianOil as 2 double




lanes of width 7 meters each (RCC

Pavement).

3. Air Quality modelling study reports In the construction phase of the project,

there will be linear and localized vehicular

emissions due to the transportation of

construction material. Regular water

sprinkling and the use of RMC/ Batching

plant st the site will bring down these dust

emissions considerably.

In the operation phase, the project involves

only the receipt, storage and dispatch of

finished petroleum products. Hence the

changes in air quality due to the proposed

project are only during the transportation

of the petroleum products in the tank

trucks, which will be the vehicular

emissions (mostly dust) which can be

considered negligible considering that, the

project is proposed to be set up in an

industrial area, and regular water

sprinkling will be done to avoid any

negative impact on the environment.

Proposal to develop a green belt with

species based on the Guidelines for

development of Greenbelt issued by

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

for the Agro climatic zone East Coast

Plains-Hills will further negate any

impacts of vehicular emissions on the

ambient air quality.

4. EIA study conducted shall be specific in

nature and take into consideration

environmental impact in other existing

facilities of IOCL at various places in

Tamil Nadu.

The EIA report has been prepared in

accordance with the project specific ToR,

issued by SEAC, in addition to the

standard ToR issued by MoEF&CC. IOCL

having 131 bulk storage terminals and

depots all over India has 9 of them in Tamil

Nadu. The learnings from the

establishment and operation of these

terminals have been taken into

consideration while designing this project.




The EIA study focused on the project

specific impacts such as effect of the

reduction in road transport of petroleum

products, developing a terminal in an

industrial area etc, and a project specific

Environmental Impact Matrix was

developed for arriving at appropriate

mitigation measures. Accordingly, the

capital cost for adopting the environmental

management measures is estimated to be

Rs 71.47 crores and the recurring cost for

environmental management is estimated to

be Rs 2.51 crores.

5. CSR activities- A focused study on social

and economic aspects shall be conducted

in nearby villages to arrive at CSR plan.

IOCL has planned to carry out various

activities for the up-liftment of poor

people, welfare of women and labors,

education of poor students as part of CSR

in the nearby villages and therefore ,

during and after proposed project, unit

will spent more than that required by

statutory norms every year towards CSR

activities. The total amount earmarked for

CSR activities is Rs. 831.71 lakhs. Details

are given in Chapter 5, Section 5.5 of

EIA/EMP report.

6. Permission was accorded by the

committee to build compound wall in the

premises.

Noted.

7. Permission was accorded by the

committee to use study data already

initiated in summer season.

Noted.




EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 Introduction

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Maharatna

status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries accounts for nearly half of India's petroleum

products market share, 35% national refining capacity (together with its subsidiary Chennai

Petroleum Corporation Ltd., or CPCL), and 71% downstream sector pipelines through capacity.

The IOCL Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries with a combined refining capacity

of 80.7 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum).

IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business

of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading

Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 137th position in the year 2018.

IndianOil's network of over 48,000 customer touch-points reaches petroleum products to every

nook and corner of the country. These include more than 27,000 petrol & diesel stations, including

7000 Kisan Seva Kendra outlets (KSKs) in the rural markets. Over 10,000 fuel stations across the

country are now fully automated.

The Corporation has a 65% share of the bulk consumer business, and almost 6650 dedicated pumps

are in operation for the convenience of largevolume consumers like the defence services, railways

and state transport undertakings, ensuring products and inventory at their doorstep. They are

backed for supplies by 125 bulk storage terminals and depots, 110 aviation fuel stations and 91

LPG bottling plants.

Indane LPG cooking gas reaches the doorsteps of 12.69 crore households in about 6250 markets

through a network of 10,200 distributors. IndianOil’s world-class SERVO lubricants have

presence in 27 markets worldwide. Riding on 50 successful years as the market leader, the Aviation

Service commands a 61% market share in aviation fuel business. IndianOil is the Supplier of

Choice for aviation fuel to the Indian armed forces and over 150 national and international flag

carriers, private airlines based in India and abroad.

2.0 Project Description

The existing petroleum market of Ullundurpet and surrounding area is being fed from petroleum

storage locations existing at Chennai, Trichy and Shankari. The Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline

(CTMPL) of IOCL is already having an intermediate pump station at Asanur, Tamil Nadu. By

providing a pipeline Tap of Point (ToP) at Asanur which is at a distance of 220 km from Chennai

and 150 km from Shankari, movement of petroleum products by road would be reduced

considerably. This would result in considerable saving in consumption of fossil fuel, saving in

logistic cost to Govt. exchequer and reduce emission / noise pollution by avoiding movement of

petroleum products from far off refinery locations. Details of product wise tankage are given in

Table 1.




Table 1: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity

SN Product Class No of

tanks

Type of

Tanks

Tank Size

(dia, m x

ht/length, m)

Capacity of

each tank

(m3)

Total

Tankage

(m3)

1. MS A 3 IFRVT 32 x 15 10,000 30,000

2. MS (TTD) A 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50

3. HSD B 3 CRVT 38 x 15 15,000 45,000

4. HSD (TTD) B 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50

5. HSD (own use) B 1 UGHT 2.5 x 6.5 20 20

6. BIO-DIESEL - 1 CRVT 12 x 14 1,500 1500

7. BIO-DIESEL

(TTD) - 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140

8. Ethanol A 2 IFRVT 14 x 13.5 1,685 3,370

9. Ethanol (TTD) A 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140

10. Sludge - 1 AGHT 12 x 9 600 600

CLASS – A 33,560

CLASS - B 45,070

Excluded

product 2,240

GRAND TOTAL 80,870

IFRVT – Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank

CRVT – Cone Roof Vertical Tank

UGHT – Underground Horizontal Tank

Technology and Process Description

There is no manufacturing process involved. Terminal shall be handling and storing various finished

petroleum products. The brief process description is as follows:

Receiving the petroleum products (MS, HSD) through existing cross-country pipelines via a

ToP at existing Asanur Pumping Station.

Storing the petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.

Dispatching quality petroleum products through Tank Trucks to Retail Outlets (ROs).




The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is carried

out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve enhanced

safety. The flow chart of operations is as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Flow Chart of operations

TLF Shed

An 8 bay TLF shed with bottom loading facilities for MS and HSD is proposed. The loading

facilities shall consist of MFM metering system, batch controllers, blending facilities for Ethanol,

branded fuels etc.

Product Pump House

PUMP HOUSE: 70 m X 6 m with new product pumps.

PUMP HOUSE MANIFOLD: 75 m X 20 m




Fire Fighting Facilities

Inventory of firefighting equipment/ material as well as lifesaving equipment available at Depot

are listed in Table 2.

Table 2: Fire-fighting facilities for proposed Terminal

Sl. Description of Item Quantity / Details

1. Fire Water storage Static Tank 3 x 5892 kL

2. Fire Fighting pump sets 5 x 800 kL/h x 105 m Head

3. Jockey pump sets 2 x 72 kL/h x 110 m Head

4. U/G Tank of 100 KL capacity with pumps & provision to receive water from outside

1 set

5. Borewell pumps 3 Nos.

6.

Well spread fire hydrant piping layout for the entire

plant

Approximately.

4000 m

7. Remote operated & Fixed High Volume Long Range Foam 5 Nos.

cum water monitor

8. Trolley mounted High Volume Long Range Foam cum water 2 Nos.

monitor

9. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Fixed) 4 Nos.

10. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Portable) 2 Nos.

11. Mobile Foam Trailer with 3% AFFF (9000 litre) 3 Nos.

12.

ATC Foam for Alcohol

fire 1 kL

13. Hydro-carbon Gas Detectors (OP Type) 5 Nos.

14.

Hydro-carbon Detectors (Point

Type) 14 Nos.

15. Portable Gas Detector 1 Nos.

16. Explosimeter 1 No.

17. Oxygen meter 1 No.

18. Fire proximity suit 1 No.

19. SCABA with spare O2 cylinder 1 Set

20. Wheeled Portable Water cum Foam monitor 2 Nos.

21. Fixed water spray system for Storage Tanks 8 Nos.





22. Fixed Foam Pourer System for Storage Tanks 6 Nos.

23. Fixed Water monitors 48 Nos.

24.

Double Hydrant points on stand

post 50 Nos.

25. Jet Nozzle 50 Nos.

26. Universal Nozzle 2 Nos.

27. Foam Branch Pipe 2 Nos.

28. Stretcher with blanket 2 Nos.

29. First Aid Box 1 Nos.

30.

Shock resistant Rubber Hand

Gloves 2 pairs

31. Oil Sorbent Booms 2 Nos.

32. 75 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 3 Nos.



35.

2.5 & 4.5 kg CO2 Fire

Extinguisher 46 Nos.

36. Safety Hand lamp 2 Nos.

37. Leak arrestor kit with clamps 1 Set

The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 3 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have

been provided in Table 4.

Table 3: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of

Tank

Proposed Tanks

and Capacities

Total Tankages

m3

Demeter

(m)

Height

(m)

1 Fire Tank Water CRVT 3 x 4800 14400 22 15.5

Fire Fighting Demand (as per OISD 117) 9600 m3 for 4 hours of fighting

Table 4: Schedule of Fire Pumps

SN Description Capacity Head

mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby

1 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven 72 m3/hr 110 1 1

2 Main Pumps Diesel Engine Driven 800 m3/hr 105 3 2




Dyke Wall Facility

Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of each

tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in Table 5.

Table 5: Dyke Wall details

Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing

Tanks

Enclosure Capacity,

m3

Overall Dimension,

m x m

Dyke – I MS 10000 197 x 50

Dyke – II HSD 15000 272 x 58

Dyke – III Ethanol 3978 78 x 30

Dyke – IV Bio-Diesel and Sludge 3284.4 69 x 28

Dyke I, II III and IV shall be provided for MS, HSD, Ethanol, Sludge and Bio-Diesel respectively.

Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is more

than the maximum capacity of the largest product tank in case of leakage. Dykes are provided with

adequate wall height as per OISD norms. Tank foundations are also provided with impervious

membrane to avoid seepage of product if any in to ground in case of leakage from bottom plates.

The tank farm flooring and dyke wall also are made impervious to prevent oil from seeping into

ground.

Instrumentation and Automation

Automation / Instrumentation system will be as per IOCL’s latest Terminal Automation System

(TAS) philosophy, which includes the following, as applicable:

Terminal Automation System, Tank farm management system including Radar Gauges,

Multi-Point Temperature Sensors, Pressure Transmitters, Overspill detection and audio,

visual alarm system etc.

Tank Truck loading system including, Mass Flow meters, Batch Controller, DCV etc.

Ethanol Blending and MFA dosing systems.

Other field equipment such as online density and temperature sensors, Field Automation

and Integration of Sub system Remote Operated Shut off Valves (ROSOV’s), Motor

Operated Valves (MOV’s), Double block and bleed valves (DBBV’s), Electrical sub

systems, product delivery pumps, firefighting systems, Tank Truck Entry system, bay

queue display etc.

Control Room equipment such as LRC, OIC’s, Servers, PLC’s, UPS etc. and necessary

TAS software.

Position sensors for tank dyke valves etc.

Safety Shutdown System covering Automated Overfill Prevention System, ESD system.

Meters proving and Calibration facilities.

ROSOV’s, MOV’s, DBBV’s master station, Push Button Stations etc.




Necessary cabling, control panel, earthing etc.

Air Compressor/Air Dryer/Air receiver and piping for pneumatic systems.

Access control, zoning and multi zoning systems, security features like DFMD’s HHMD’s

etc.

CCTV system to cover total terminal facilities including perimeter wall.

Hydrocarbon detectors and flow sensors etc. near all potential leak sources of class ‘A’

petroleum product,

Other automation systems and its interface of SAP system with TAS, and to ensure that

engineering and design addresses the need for standardization.

Any other requirement as specified in OISD 117, OISD 118 and OISD 244.

Water Supply

Water requirement for the project is mentioned in Table 6.

Table 6: Water Requirement Details

SN Description Quantity (m3/day)

1 Fresh water for Greenbelt 5

2 Domestic water 9

3 Fire water for Mock drill 6

Total 20

Manpower

Permanent Staff (Organization chart): 10 Officers, 15 Workmen

Temporary Staff: Skilled-30; Semi-skilled: 30; TT Crew: 250 nos

Power Requirement

Power Requirement of the project will be fulfilled by TNSEB, which is 1250 kW; 2 DG sets of

750 kVA and 1 DG set of 500 kVA capacities are envisaged to be used only during power failures

and emergencies. 1.8-2 MW Solar power plants also proposed to be installed.

3.0 Description of Environment

The area around the proposed POL Terminal has been surveyed for physical features and existing

environmental scenario. The field survey and baseline monitoring has been done from the period

of April 2016 to June 2016.

Air Environment:

The ambient air quality is determined at 9 locations. The PM10 varied from 30.2 to 67.2 µg/m3,

PM2.5 varied from 10.1 to 31.2 µg/m3, SO2 varied from 6.2 to 12.8 µg/m3, NOx varied from 9.9 to

20.1 µg/m3. Other parameters like VOCs, Heavy metals, Benzene etc. were found Below

Detectable Limit (BDL). All values are within prescribed NAAQS 2009.




Noise Environment:

Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. A total of 10 locations were identified for ambient noise

monitoring in the study area. The daytime varied from 48.2 dB (A) Leq to 52.7 dB (A) Leq and night

time noise varied of 39.5 dB (A) Leq to 42.8 dB (A) Leq. Both daytime noise and night time noise

was within the limit.

Water Environment:

In order to establish the baseline water quality, 5 ground water and 1 surface water samples were

collected and analyzed in the study area. The analysis result for ground water samples were within

drinking water limit as per IS 10500: 2012. Details of analysis result are given in the EIA report.

Soil Quality:

Soil samples were collected from 5 locations in the study area and analyzed for physico-chemical

characteristics. Soil quality was found to be normal. Details of analysis result are given in the EIA

report.

Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area:

Land use pattern of the study area covering 10 km radius includes seven classes such as

Waterbody, Agricultural Land, Paddy Field, Vegetation, Open Scrub, Built-up Land and Open

Waste Land.

Biological Environment:

The ecological study of the area has been conducted within 10 km radius of the project site in order

to understand the existing status of flora and fauna to generate baseline information.

Flora : 63 species of Trees,

Fauna: 6 species of mammals, 8 species of Reptiles

Avifauna: 44 species were identified within the Study Area.

Socio-economic Environment:

Analysis of the demographical statistics, based on Primary Census Abstract, 2001 & field survey

reveals that the study area has a total population of 79,771 in the study area. Average scheduled

castes constitute about 44.43 % of the total population of villages in the study area. The study area

has negligible social tribe population. Average literacy rate of the study area in 2011 was 70.97%

to total population. Villages in the study area have fairly good infrastructure facilities.

4.0 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan

The potential impacts of the Isolated Storage Terminal shall be limited to the project site. There

will be insignificant impact on either air or water quality as no manufacturing process is planned.

Impact on soil quality is induced / short term in nature and can be avoided by applying good

construction practices to reduce the impact, if any, on soils to a great extent. Adequate measures




need to be worked out for minimizing the loss of soils, by way of storage of topsoil and then again

laying it back after the completion of the construction of terminal.

Impacts on ambient air would mainly be due to dust emissions and movement of vehicles.

However, these impacts would be short-term in nature. Impacts on ambient air during operational

phase would be due to emissions from DG set stacks and vehicles which will be very negligible

The detailed environmental management plan has been presented in the main report. IOCL will

ensure that all the statutory norms, emissions norms for air, water, and noise shall be maintained

during the construction and operation phases and in line with the proposed EMP.

5.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme

It is imperative that the IOCL should set up regular monitoring locations to assess the

environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it

provides useful information on the following aspects.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and

thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

6.0 Additional Studies

Hazard Identification and Consequence Assessment

Hazards are identified for release of MS, HSD, Bio-Diesel and Ethanol for scenarios of

catastrophic rupture of storage tank at proposed site. Consequence analysis of all possible

containment scenarios was carried out using DNV Technical Software (PHAST). No domino

effect envisaged as all tanks are adequately spaced and heat or pressure wave is limited to

dyke area.

7.0 Project Benefits

The project will improve supply of the HSD, MS blended with Bio-Diesel and Ethanol

respectively in Tamil Nadu which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality

of life.

The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled

categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,

reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction

activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in

service sector, although its magnitude will be much less.

The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities

exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to

provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.




8.0 Proposed Schedule and Cost

The Terminal activities will be completed in a period of 24 months from the date of receipt of all

the approvals from statutory authorities.

The project cost is approximately INR 406 crores.




CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Maharatna

status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries accounts for nearly half of India's petroleum

products market share, 35% national refining capacity (together with its subsidiary Chennai

Petroleum Corporation Ltd., or CPCL), and 71% downstream sector pipelines through capacity.

The IOCL Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries with a combined refining capacity

of 80.7 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum).

IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business

of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading

Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 137th position in the year 2018.

Indian Oil's network of over 48,000 customer touch-points reaches petroleum products to every

nook and corner of the country. These include more than 27,000 petrol & diesel stations, including

7000 Kisan Seva Kendra outlets (KSKs) in the rural markets. Over 10,000 fuel stations across the

country are now fully automated.

The Corporation has a 65% share of the bulk consumer business, and almost 6650 dedicated pumps

are in operation for the convenience of large volume consumers like the defense services, railways

and state transport undertakings, ensuring products and inventory at their doorstep. They are

backed for supplies by 125 bulk storage terminals and depots, 110 aviation fuel stations and 91

LPG bottling plants.

Indane LPG cooking gas reaches the doorsteps of 12.69 crore households in about 6250 markets

through a network of 10,200 distributors. Indian Oil’s world-class SERVO lubricants have

presence in 27 markets worldwide. Riding on 50 successful years as the market leader, the Aviation

Service commands a 61% market share in aviation fuel business. Indian Oil is the Supplier of

Choice for aviation fuel to the Indian armed forces and over 150 national and international flag

carriers, private airlines based in India and abroad.

The Existing petroleum market of Ulundurpet and surrounding area is being fed from petroleum


(CTMPL) of IOCL is already having an intermediate pump station at Asanur, TN. By providing a

pipeline ToP at Asanur which is at a distance of 220 km from Chennai and 150 km from Shankari,

movement of petroleum products by road would be reduced considerably. This would result in

considerable saving in consumption of fossil fuel, saving in logistic cost to Govt. exchequer and

reduce emission / noise pollution by avoiding movement of petroleum products from far off

refinery locations.




The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Details of the project

Name of Project Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal At

Asanur,TN

Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Name, contact number & address

of Project Proponent

Mr.Ashutosh Sinha

G-9 Ali Yavar Jung Marg,

Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400051

Maharashtra, India

Mobile : 9820056070, Ph: +91-22-26447764,

Email: [email protected]

Location of the Project Village : Asanur

Taluka : Ulundurpet

District: Villupuram

Tamil Nadu

Geographical Coordinates: 11°36'28.67"N79°11'21.06"E

Name, contact number & address

of Consultant

Environmental Consultants:

M/s. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy &

Laboratory (An ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by

NABET, Lab: recognized by MOEF, GoI), Unit No. 206,

224, 225, Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express

Highway, Opp. Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (W) –

400601, Tel.: 91-22-25342776, 25380198, 25331438.

Fax : 91-22-25429650

Email: , [email protected], [email protected]

Website : www.ultratech.in

Size of proposed project activity 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres)

Terminal Overview 1. Finished petroleum products storage terminal

2. The petroleum products viz. MS, HSD will be received

from via cross-country pipelines namely Chennai-Trichy-

Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL).

3. Distributes bulk products by road (by tank trucks)

Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ Category ‘B’

Proposed

capacity/area/length/tonnage to be

handled/command area/lease

area/number of wells to be drilled

80,870m3 storage of finished petroleum products

1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project

The project activity is Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal with a storage capacity of

80,870m3 at Village : Asanur, Taluka : Ulundurpet,District: Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. As per the

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006 as amended, the

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ultratech.in/




proposed project falls under 'Type 6b - Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals’ (As

per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989

amended 2000), which requires preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.

This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposes the

mitigation measures for the same. The report is prepared, based on the Standard Terms of

Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Projects requiring Environmental Clearance (EC) for

Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals project by Ministry of Environment &

Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), in addition to the project specific additional ToR issued

by the State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Tamil Nadu.

The proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal is located at Asanur village. The land area

of the proposed terminal facility is approximately 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) and currently is an open

vacant land coming under the SIDCO Industrial estate. The site is easily accessible by road. The

nearest railway station is Kuttakudi Railway Station (8 km) and airport of Chennai Airport (200

km).

Figure 1.1: Connectivity Map

1.3 Scope of the Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable the

integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. The study

includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius

around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various




environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level,

ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored. Environmental baseline

monitoring has been carried out during April 2016 to June 2016 and used to identify potential

significant impacts. The report is prepared as per the Standard ToR and additional ToR granted at

81st SEAC, TN dated 23.09.2016.

The scope of the study broadly includes:-

To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out

the proposed development

To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its

surroundings

To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected

by the project

To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction and

operation phase of the project

To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to suggest

the management plan for the same

Details about conservation of resources

To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the

implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted

To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster management

plan onsite and offsite

To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management

Plan (EMP)

To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program to be pursued by M/s.

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations

With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules

of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed project:

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection)

rules, 1986 and amendments thereafter

The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

E- Waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018

The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended




EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended

1.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable the

integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA can

often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design.

The study included detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km

radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,

various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise

level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored by an accredited

Functional Area Expert.

Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during April 2016 to June 2016 and used

to identify potential significant impacts.

The scope of the study broadly includes:-

To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying

out the proposed development

To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its

surroundings

To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be

affected by the project

To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction

and operation phase of the project

To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to

suggest the management plan for the same

Conservation of resources

To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the

implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.

To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management

plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse

impacts.

To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program

1.6 Structure of EIA Report

EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation

of Environmental Management Plan & Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in

following ten chapters:

Executive Summary




This chapter gives the Executive Summary of the EIA report.

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.

Chapter 2: Project Description

This chapter gives a brief description of the location, approachability, amenities, layout and

utilities of the proposed project. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of

construction activities of the project

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality,

noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the

project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.

Chapter 5: Project Benefits

This chapter presents the benefits from this project.

Chapter 6: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Project and

indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during

construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.

This chapter also discusses the details about the environmental monitoring program during

construction and operation phases.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies

This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the

construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase

and the Disaster Management Plan and Emergency Preparedness Plan onsite and offsite.

Chapter 8: Disclosure of Consultants

This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details of

environmental consultants.




CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Type of the Project

M/s IOCL proposes to set up a new petroleum storage terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 with

pipeline from CTMPL to terminal. Proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‘B’

according to EIA Notification 2006 & subsequent amendments.

2.2 Need and Justification of the Project

The Existing petroleum market of Ulundurpet and surrounding area is being fed from petroleum


(CTMPL) of IOCL is already having an intermediate pump station at Asanur, Tamil Nadu. By

providing a pipeline ToP at Asanur which is at a distance of 220 km from Chennai and 150 km

from Shankari, movement of petroleum products by road would be reduced considerably. This

would result in considerable saving in consumption of fossil fuel, saving in logistic cost to Govt.

exchequer and reduce emission / noise pollution by avoiding movement of petroleum products

from far off refinery locations.

In view of the above requirements, setting up of a Petroleum storage terminal at Asanur,

Villupuram, Tamil Nadu is very much required.

The expected increase in demand of the proposed products moving ahead is as mentioned below

in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Throughput Projections

SN Product Projected Volumes (TMTPA)

2021-22 2026-27 2031-32

1. MS 112.03 143.32 192.36

2. HSD 246.38 308.10 494.05

(*) With consideration of product wise growth rate given by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

2.3 Location & Layout

The total plot area is 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) The proposed grass root POL (Petroleum, Oil, and

Lubricants) terminal will receive from via cross-country pipelines namely Chennai-Trichy-

Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) store the POL and will transfer POL to end users by road via Tank

Trucks.

The terminal Location overview is given in

Table 2.2.




Table 2.2: Terminal Location Overview

Name of Project Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal at

Asanur,Tamil Nadu

Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Location of the Project Village : Asanur

Taluka : Ulundurpet

District: Villupuram

Tamil Nadu

Geographical Coordinates:

North corner: 11o36’45.06” N, 79o11’28.74”E

East corner: 11o36’19.67”N, 79o11’59.34”E

South corner: 11o36’16.99” N, 79o11’38.18”E

South West corner: 11o36’29.99”N, 79o11’ 20.24”E

Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use

Size of proposed project activity 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres)

NH & SH NH 38- approximately 0.92 km( NW)

SH 137-approximately 1.28 km (N)

Nearest railway station Railway: Kuttakudi - approximately 8 km(SE)

Nearest Airport Tiruchirappalli International Airport- approximately 107

km ( SW)

Airport:Chennai Airport- approximately 200 km (NE)

Proposed

capacity/area/length/tonnage to be

handled/command area/lease

area/number of wells to be drilled

80,870 m3 storage of finished petroleum products

Nearest town/City Ulundurpet – 13.3 Km( NE)

Nearest village Koondalur village-0.7 km( N)

Eranji village- 1.09 km (S)

Kachakudi village -2.04 km( SW)

Nearest major water bodies Non Perennial water body- 0.15 km ( NE)

Archaeologically important places None within 10 km

Protected areas as per Wildlife

Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve,

Elephant reserve, Biospheres,

National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries,

community reserves and

conservation reserves)

None within 10 km




Reserved / Protected Forests Azhwar Malai Reserve Forest : 6.7 km (N)

Koothakudi reserve Forest – 4.5 Km (NW)

Idaikkal Reserve Forest – 6.5 Km(NW)

Major water bodies within 10 km

radius

Manimuktha river- 2.2 km ( S)

Gomukhi river – 3.18 km ( S)

Memathur canal -5.43 km (SE)

Defense Installations None within 10 km

Seismicity The proposed project is located in Seismic Zone II as per

IS: 1893 and all designs will be as per IS Codes by

considering one higher Zone i.e. Zone III

The proposed project is surrounded by following properties:

East : Private Land (Valasai Village, Virdhachalam Taluk)

West : SIDCO Developed Plot No. 41, 24m Road and Developed Plot Nos. 42 to 51

North : Private Land (Survey Nos. 356,355, 358, 359, 360, 365/3 Part)

South : SIDCO OSR Plot, 15m Road & Developed Plots 103 to 106

The project location is shown in Figure 2.1, the toposheet of the project location is given in Figure

2.2and satellite imagery of the study area showing project site is shown in Figure 2.3.

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village,

Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State


Figure 2.1: Project Location




Figure 2.2: Toposheet of the proposed site in 1: 50,000 scale




Figure 2.3: Google Image of the Study Area

Figure 2.4: Photographs of the project site

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate,

Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State


Figure 2.5: Layout of SIDCO Industrial Area showing the proposed project site

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate,

Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State


Figure 2.6: Project Site Layout




2.4 Salient Features of the Project

The salient features of the Asanur Terminal are presented in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Salient Features of the proposed facility

Sr.

No.

Description Details

1 Total Land 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres)

2 Power requirement 1250 kW, 2 DG Sets of 750 kVA and 1 DG set of 500

kVA will be used in case of power failure and emergency

purpose only. 2 MW Solar Power plant is also proposed

to be installed.

3 Water requirement 20 m3/day

4 Man power Permanent Staff (Organization chart): 10 Officers, 15

Workmen

Temporary Staff: Skilled-30; Semi-skilled: 30; TT Crew:

250 nos

5 Project Cost INR 406 Crores

6 Cost towards environment

protection

Capital Cost ~71.47 crores

Recurring Cost ~2.51 crores

7 Fire Fighting Facilities

A Fire water storage 3 x 4,800 kL

B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5 x 800 m3/h

C Jockey pumps 2 jockey pumps of 72 m3/h

C Water sprinkler system At all relevant places as per OISD 117/244

D Fire Hydrant/monitor piping

network

As per prescribed OISD 117/244

E DCP & CO2 extinguishers As per prescribed OISD 117/244

F Gas Monitoring System As per prescribed OISD 117/244

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation

The construction of POL storage and related activities will commence on receipt of Environmental

Clearance (EC) from SEIAA, Tamil Nadu and Consent to Establish (CTE) from TNPCB and other

statutory approvals/NOCs as required. It is envisaged that construction activities will take 24

months post the necessary approvals. However, approval to construct Boundary Wall prior to

receipt of EC has been allowed by SEIAA as part of ToR approval.

2.4.2 Project Cost

The details of the project cost is given in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Cost of the project




S No. Item Cost (in Rs Lakhs)

1 Land 2570.00

2 Deposit works 250.00

3 Civil facilities 16658.40

4 Tankage works (product)

(Licensed capacity: 80730

kL)

4498.27

5 Pipeline works 3941.48

6 Pumping facilities 190.27

7 Electrification works 3135.39

8 Firefighting facilities 3451.81

9 Automation works 2866.87

10 Miscellaneous items 1227.00

11 Total (items 2 to 10) 36219.53

12 Contingencies @ 5% 1810.98

13 Subtotal 38030.51

14 Grand Total (item 1+ 13) 40600.51

2.4.3 Process and Storage Details

There is no manufacturing process involved in the terminal. The process involved can be divided

into:

1. Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipelines via existing Asanur

Pumping Station

2. Storage of petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.

3. Dispatch of petroleum products through Tank Lorries.

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is

carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve

enhanced safety.




Figure 2.7: Flow Chart of operations

Receipt of Petroleum Products

The petroleum products viz. MS, HSD will be received from via cross-country pipelines Chennai-

Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL). The pipeline currently has a pumping station located at

Asanur. It is proposed to provide a 16" dia branch pipeline of approximately. 900m length from

Asanur Pumping Station to the proposed terminal.

Storage Facilities

The proposed POL terminal will install 17 Nos. of finished petroleum products tanks as part of the

proposed project. Details of product wise purposed tankage at are given respectively in Table 2.5.




Table 2.5: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity

SN Product Class No of

tanks

Type of

Tanks

Tank Size

(dia, m x

ht/length, m)

Capacity of

each tank

(m3)

Total

Tankage

(m3)

1 MS A 3 IFRVT 32 x 15 10,000 30,000

2 MS (TTD) A 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50

3 HSD B 3 CRVT 38 x 15 15,000 45,000

4 HSD (TTD) B 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50

5 HSD (own

use) B 1 UGHT 2.5 x 6.5 20 20

6 BIO-

DIESEL - 1 CRVT 12 x 14 1,500 1500

7

BIO-

DIESEL

(TTD)

- 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140

8 Ethanol A 2 IFRVT 14 x 13.5 1,685 3,370

9 Ethanol

(TTD) A 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140

10 Sludge - 1 AGHT 12 x 9 600 600

CLASS – A 33,560

CLASS - B 45,070

Excluded

product 2,240

GRAND TOTAL 80,870

IFRVT – Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank

CRVT – Cone Roof Vertical Tank

UGHT – Underground Horizontal Tank

Note: - The above tankage shall be developed in line with latest API 650 design standards & OISD

regulations. Above dimensions are tentative & shall be finalized during detailed engineering after

receipt of environment clearance.

Dispatch of Petroleum Products

The petroleum products shall be distributed to various Industries / Petrol Pumps through tank

trucks of capacity 9000 Ltrs to 24,000 Ltrs. On an average, 125-150 tank trucks are anticipated to

be filled on daily basis. An 8 bay TLF shed with bottom loading facilities for MS and HSD is

proposed. The loading facilities shall consist of MFM metering system, batch controllers, blending

facilities for Ethanol, branded fuels etc. Vapour recovery system to be designed & developed for

handling MS. Tank Truck (TT) decantation facility with suitable capacity of Under Ground (U/G)

tanks to be provided.




2.4.4 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Shed

There will be one (1) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays

respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD

2.4.5 Product Pump House

PUMP HOUSE: 70 m X 6 m with new product pumps.

PUMP HOUSE MANIFOLD: 75 m X 20 m

2.4.6 Fire Fighting Facilities

Inventory of firefighting equipment/ material as well as lifesaving equipment available at Depot

are listed in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Fire-fighting facilities for proposed Terminal


1. Fire Water storage Static Tank 3 x 4800 kL

2. Fire Fighting pump sets 5 x 800 kL/h x 105 m Head

3. Jockey pump sets 2 x 72 kL/h x 110 m Head

4.

U/G Tank of 100 KL capacity with pumps & provision

to receive water from outside 1 set

5. Bore well pumps 3 Nos.

6.

Well spread fire hydrant piping layout for the entire

plant

Approximately

4000 m

7.

Remote operated & Fixed High Volume Long Range

Foam cum water monitor 5 Nos.

8.

Trolley mounted High Volume Long Range Foam cum

water Monitor 2 Nos.

9. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Fixed) 4 Nos.

10. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Portable) 2 Nos.

11. Central Foam Feeding System – Mother Tank 30 kL

12. ATC Foam for Alcohol fire 1 kL

13. Hydro-carbon Gas Detectors (OP Type) 5 Nos.

14. Hydro-carbon Detectors (Point Type) 14 Nos.

15. Portable Gas Detector 1 Nos.

16. Explosimeter 1 No.

17. Oxygen meter 1 No.

18. Fire proximity suit 1 No.

19. SCABA with spare O2 cylinder 1 Set

20. Wheeled Portable Water cum Foam monitor 2 Nos.

21. Fixed water spray system for Storage Tanks 8 Nos.

22. Fixed Foam Pourer System for Storage Tanks 6 Nos.





23. Fixed Water monitors 48 Nos.

24. Double Hydrant points on stand post 50 Nos.

25. Jet Nozzle 50 Nos.

26. Universal Nozzle 2 Nos.

27. Foam Branch Pipe 2 Nos.

28. Stretcher with blanket 2 Nos.

29. First Aid Box 1 Nos.

30.

Shock resistant Rubber Hand

Gloves 2 pairs

31. Oil Sorbent Booms 2 Nos.




35.

2.5 & 4.5 kg CO2 Fire

Extinguisher 60 Nos.

36. Safety Hand lamp 2 Nos.

37. Leak arrestor kit with clamps 1 Set

The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 2.7 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have

been provided in Table 2.8.

Table 2.7: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of

Tank

Proposed Tanks

and Capacities

Total Tankages

m3

Diameter

(m)

Height

(m)

1 Fire Water Tank CRVT 3 x 4800 14400 22 15.5

Table 2.8: Schedule of Fire Pumps

SN Description Capacity Head

mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby

1 Jockey Pumps Electrical

Driven 72m3/hr 110 1 1

2 Main Pumps Diesel Engine

Driven 800 m3/hr 105 3 2

2.4.7 Dyke Wall Facility

Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of each

tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in

Table 2.9.




Table 2.9: Dyke Wall Details

Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing

Tanks

Enclosure Capacity,

m3

Overall Dimension,

m x m

Dyke – I MS 10000 197 x 50

Dyke – II HSD 15000 272 x 58

Dyke – III Ethanol 3978 78 x 30

Dyke – IV Bio-Diesel and Sludge 3284.4 69 x 28

Dyke I, II III and IV shall be provided for MS HSD Ethanol and Sludge & Bio-Diesel respectively

Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is more

than the maximum capacity of the largest product tank in case of leakage. Dykes are provided with

adequate wall height as per OISD norms. Tank foundations are also provided with impervious

membrane to avoid seepage of product if any in to ground in case of leakage from bottom plates.

The tank farm flooring and dyke wall also are made impervious to prevent oil from seeping into

ground.

2.4.8 Instrumentation and Automation

Automation / Instrumentation system will be as per IOCL’s latest Terminal Automation System

(TAS) philosophy, which includes the following, as applicable:

Terminal Automation System, Tank farm management system including Radar Gauges, Multi-

Point Temperature Sensors, Pressure Transmitters, Overspill detection and audio, visual alarm

system etc.

Tank Truck loading system including, Mass Flow meters, Batch Controller, DCV etc.

Ethanol Blending and MFA dosing systems.

Other field equipment such as online density and temperature sensors, Field Automation and

Integration of Sub system Remote Operated Shut off Valves (ROSOV’s), Motor Operated

Valves (MOV’s), Double block and bleed valves (DBBV’s), Electrical sub systems, product

delivery pumps, firefighting systems. Tank Truck Entry system, bay queue display etc.

Control Room equipment such as LRC, OIC’s, Servers, PLC’s, UPS etc. and necessary TAS

software.

Position sensors for tank dyke valves etc.

Safety Shutdown System covering Automated Overfill Prevention System, ESD system.

Meters proving and Calibration facilities.

ROSOV’s, MOV’s, DBBV’s master station, Push Button Stations etc.

Necessary cabling, control panel, earthing etc.

Air Compressor/Air Dryer/Air receiver and piping for pneumatic systems.

Access control, zoning and multi zoning systems, security features like DFMD’s HHMD’s etc.

CCTV system to cover total terminal facilities including perimeter wall.




Hydrocarbon detectors and flow sensors etc. near all potential leak sources of class ‘A’

petroleum product,

Other automation systems and its interface of SAP system with TAS, and to ensure that

engineering and design addresses the need for standardization.

Any other requirement as specified in OISD 117, OISD 118 and OISD 244.

2.5 Safety Measures

Following safety and mitigation measures are proposed.

A. All product tank dyke wall/enclosure designed with 110% of the largest tank capacity.

As per OISD standards, all tanks are provided with an enclosure wall to contain any leak

from the tanks or in case of failure/rupture of the tank shell.

The dyke provided is designed to contain the 110% of volume of the tank & a free board

of 200 mm to take care of containment of oil in case of any leakage of tanks.

The dyke enclosure designed as mentioned above facilitates to fight fire caused by a

pool of oil.

B. All product tanks to be provided with 2 nos exclusive SIL 2 certified Radar gauges and 1 no

additional over spill protection device to avoid any overflow of tanks.

All the proposed and existing product storage tanks shall be provided with 2 nos separate

radar gauges with SIL 2 certification, which is an internationally accepted standard.

Provision of 2 separate radar gages and monitoring of the same from control room/ PLC

system helps to avoid any overflow of product. The radar gauges are linked to the control

room and shall give audio visual alarms at the control room in case of the product level

reaches higher than the specified level.

In addition to the above, 1 no exclusive and independent Automatic Overspill Protection

device is hard wired to the Remote Operated Shut Off Valve and Safety PLC of the

automation system. When the product level in the storage tanks rise beyond a pre-

defined and safe filling capacity, the Automated Overspill Protection System (AOPS) is

triggered and it overrides all operations and logics built in the system to implement total

shut down of the operations and closure of all valves of all tanks.

The above safety features prevent any overflow of petroleum product from the storage

tanks.

C. All product tanks to be provided with pneumatic fire and fail safe Remote Operated Shut Off

Valves.

All body valves of tanks shall be provided with Fire Safe and Fail Safe Pneumatic

actuated Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV).

The ROSOVs shall be interlinked with the SIL 2 certified radar gauges, AOPS and

Safety PLC. Upon the product level reaching the set trip point of a tank, the ROSOVs

shall automatically close overriding all operational logics.

D. All body valves of tanks to be provided with Remote Open and Close facility outside the dyke

enclosure to operate during emergencies.




All valves of tanks shall be provided with an open and close push button just outside the

tank enclosure.

The same shall be used to close a particular valve of a tank in case of exigencies, thereby

eliminating man entry in to hazardous zone (dyke area) during spillage etc.

This system shall save human lives during emergencies and hazards due to proximity to

petroleum vapour.

E. Fire water storage to fight fire for a period of 4 hours as per OISD guidelines has been planned

for 2 simultaneous contingencies with full coverage of fire hydrant facilities to the entire

Terminal area and positioning of firefighting equipment’s as per OISD standards.

Permanent fire water storage and fire hydrant system to cover the entire terminal

operating area shall be provided.

The water storage and pumping facilities shall be designed to cater 2 simultaneous

emergencies inside the terminal as mentioned below.

Fire water storage: 14400 m3

Fire pumps – 800 m3/hr x 105 m head – 3 nos.

Jockey pumps – 72m3/ hr x 110 m head – 2 nos.

Fire hydrant line network – 4000 m approximately.

Firefighting equipment’s – as per OISD 117 & OISD 244

F. High Volume Long Range remote operated monitors to be provided for all Class A STORAGE

tanks.

In case of a fire, firefighting can be done from the proposed High Volume Long Range

Monitors (HVLR).

The HVLRs shall have motorized valves with provision to operate from Remote control

panel.

As per OISD 117, 5 nos of fixed type HVLR and 1no Mobile type HVLR with 1000 US

GPM capacity are being proposed for the terminal to cover tank farm fires.

G. Hydro carbon detection system to be provided for all tanks, drain valve and manifold in Class

A service.

To detect any leak and potential fire hazard, Hydro-Carbon Detection (HCD) system is

proposed for all tanks with Class A service, tank enclosure drain valves and product

piping manifolds.

The proposed HCD system shall be linked to the control room and shall alert the Control

room officer with audio visual alarm when the concentration of the petroleum vapour

exceed beyond pre-defined limits.

The following equipment are being planned for the terminal as part of the HCD system.

Point type Infra Red (IR) sensor – at each drain valve in tank farm.

Open path IR sensor (range: 0 to 40 m and 0 to 120 m) – at valves and manifold of

Class A product.

Portable Gas detector – 1 no.




Test filter – 1no.

H. Fixed water spray system has been provided for all class A tanks & greater than 30m dia class

C tanks and fixed foam pourer system has been provided for all Class A Tanks and for Class

B tanks above 18 m diameter.

The fixed foam pourer system shall apply foam solution to the surface of fire to create

smothering effect and extinguishing of fire.

I. Flow switches shall be provided for all water draw off lines.

In order to have effective monitoring of water draining from product tanks, a flow

switch shall be installed on all drain valves of all tanks to alert the Control room.

J. Proposed Class A tank shall be constructed as internal floating roof tank.

In order to prevent exposure of petroleum vapour to open environment, the proposed

tank on Class A service shall be constructed as an internal floating roof tank with an

Aluminum/SS floating deck and a fixed roof. This shall act as an additional safety

feature and shall minimize fires due to lightning etc.

K. Manual call points shall be provided at strategic places within the terminal.

Manual call points are proposed at strategic places inside the terminal to raise alarm

in case of any exigency.

L. Receipt and delivery operation shall be done based on in built logic developed in SCADA with

site specific interlocks.

Tank operations like receipt and delivery shall be based on pre-defined logic and

controlled by PLC and SCADA systems.

This shall prevent wrong operations and risks like overflow of tanks.

M. Tank truck loading shall have interlocks to monitor grounding of the truck, position of the

loading arm and over flow protection system.

Tank truck operation shall be designed with the following interlocks to avoid fire hazards.

Grounding interlock – To stop loading in the absence of proper grounding and to

prevent fire due to static electricity.

Position sensor/ level switch on loading arm – The batch controller commences tank

truck loading based on the feedback from loading arm’s position sensor is inserted in

to the tank truck compartment. Similarly, the batch controller shall stop loading based

on a feedback from a level switch of loading arm to prevent any overflow of tank truck.

N. Separate Safety PLC planned for interlinking of all safety features and for ensuring total shut

down of the Terminal.




O. CCTV system shall be provided as per security guidelines applicable and shall be linked with

Safety PLC.

2.6 Basic Requirements

2.6.1 Water Requirement and the water balance

Water requirement for the project is mentioned in Table 2.10. The source of water shall be 3

borewells dug at the project site after obtaining the necessary approval from CGWA. The other

source of water will be the rain water harvesting tank of capacity 200 m3.

Table 2.10: Water Requirement Details

SN Description Quantity (m3/day)

1 Fresh water for Greenbelt 5

2 Domestic water 9

3 Fire water for Mock drill 6

Total 20

Fire water requirement:

Fire water storage-3*4800kL=14400kL

Fire water storage area – 7193.97 m2

Fire water for drill-6kLD

The water balance chart for the proposed project is given in Figure 2.8.

Note: * - Water required per Fire Mock drill: 180 kL, Monthly one FWD will be carried out

Figure 2.8: Water Balance Chart

Domestic Water: 9 kLD

Greenbelt: 17.5 kLD

Domestic Effluent: 7.2

kLD

Loss: 0.7 kLD

Loss: 1.8 kLD

Fire Water for Drill

(FWD)*: 6 kLD

Fresh Water (FW): 20

kLD

Fresh Water for

Greenbelt: 5 kLD

OWS




2.6.2 Power Requirement

Power Requirement of the project will be fulfilled by TNSEB, which is 1250 kW, 2 DG Sets of

750 kVA and 1 DG set of 500 kVA will be used as backup in case of any power failures or for

emergency purposes only. A 2 MW Solar Power Plant is also proposed

2.6.3 Land use breakup

Table 2.11: Land use breakup

S No Purpose Area in m2 Area in acres

1. Parking Area 18098.68 4.47

2. Green Belt Area 99602.01 24.62

3. Dyke Area 29463.00 7.28

4. Open Area 37925.14 9.37

5. Fire water storage area 7193.97 1.78

6. Roof Area 4443.00 1.10

7. ETP Area 2000.00 0.49

8. Solar power plant area 40150.44 9.92

9. Pavement area 62975.59 15.56

Total Area 301851.83 74.60

2.6.4 Utility Area

The utility area will includes following;

D. G. Set

Transformer Room

Work Shop

Watch Tower, etc

2.6.5 Manpower Requirement

Permanent Staff (Organization chart): 10 Officers, 15 Workmen

Temporary Staff: Skilled-30; Semi-skilled: 30; TT Crew: 250 nos

2.7 Wastewater Management

There will be no industrial effluent being generated from this project. Sewage generated from

domestic sources will be treated in STP (MBBR) of 10 kLD capacity. In case of any open spillage

of oil from tank shall lead to Mechanized Oil Water Separator (OWS) where separated oil send

back to storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from OWS will be reused for

gardening and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck movement. The capacity of the

OWS System shall be 100 m3/h.

2.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System

Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal system

are mentioned in Table 2.12 and Table 2.13.




Table 2.12: Non Hazardous waste

SN Solid

Waste

Generation

Type of

waste

Total

(approximately)

Management

1

From

Domestic

Activities

Dry garbage 32 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised

recyclers

Wet garbage 13 Kg/day Vermi Composting and manure usage

to gardening

Table 2.13: Hazardous waste

Sr.

No.

Schedule I

Category No. Type Quantity Method of Disposal

1

Category No. 34.3 Oil Water

Sludge – generated from cleaning

of storage tanks once in 5 years

5 MT per year

(approximately)

CHWTSDF via authorized

vendors

2.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages

The installation will have the dyke wall surrounding the liquid cargo storage area with proper

PCC/RCC floor and chemical resistance flooring (if required) and the size of dyke wall will be

depend on the storage tank capacity.

Unit will provide proper PCC/RCC flooring in the tanker loading and unloading area with

proper dyke or barricaded wall so in case of any leakage during loading / unloading it will not

spread on ground.

The collection pit(s) will be provided to collect all the spilled and leaked material during

loading / unloading or any heavy leakage in storage area.

If there will be any leakage during the tanker movement, shifting, the leaked material will be

diluted and collected in drums and it will be sent to hazardous waste storage area.

All the roads and approach roads to the Terminal will be of PCC/RCC and there will be no any

chemical handling or shifting on ground.

All the tanker movement will be carried out on proper PCC/RCC area.




CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 General

This chapter provides the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with

reference to the environmental attributes like air, water, noise, soil, land use, ecology, socio

economics, etc. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site.

The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are

described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology,

socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance.

3.2 Methodology

The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines

given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise, water

and land quality in the study has been collected by primary sampling/field studies during the period

of April 2016 to June 2016.

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential

component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact

assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected

over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in

time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable

data collected very close to the site.

3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOC Terminal boundary at

Asanur. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s.

3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the Project site at Asanur. The

EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s. Land Use Land

Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite image are as follows:

Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data has been used for Land use / Land cover analysis.

Satellite Sensor – OLI_TIRS

Path and Row – Path 143, Row 52

Spatial Resolution– 30 m

Date of Pass: 4th June 2017

Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for

delineating drainage and other features in the study area.




Satellite data was classified using supervised classification technique. Maximum likelihood

algorithm classifier was used for the analysis. Seven land use/ land cover classes were identified

in ten sq. km area around the Project Site. The LULC classes are identified and presented in Table

3.1 and Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.1shows the colour composite satellite map of 10 km radius area from the proposed project

site. Band combination was done from the collected satellite data to create the satellite map of the

study area.

Figure 3.1: Satellite Map of the study area




Figure 3.2: Land use/Land cover of 10 Km Study Area

Table 3.1: Land use/Land cover class of 10 Km Study Area

Agricultural Land (30.71%) dominates in the present land use pattern covering 10 km surrounding

the project site. Open scrub (21.85%) and Open waste land (19.63%) occupies second and third

land use position respectively. Followed by Vegetation (12.66%), Paddy Field (6.61%), Built-up

Land (5.29%) and Water bodies (3.25%) also spread throughout the study area. The area mostly

agricultural village hence built up land only 5.29%. The proposed terminal doesn't change any

Land use pattern in its environment.

LULC Class Area(Ha) Area (%)

Agricultural Land 9649.61 30.71

Paddy Field 2075.90 6.61

Vegetation 3978.06 12.66

Open Scrub 6863.96 21.85

Built-up Land 1662.03 5.29

Open Waste Land 6169.46 19.63

Water body 1021.60 3.25

Total 31420.62 100




A drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage

basin. Drainage basins can be described by the order of streams within them. Streams that have no

tributaries (or streams flowing into it) are termed first order streams. When the first order streams

join together, they become second order steam. Two second order streams join to form third order

stream and so on for forth and further orders. However, a stream may have a tributary with a lower

order without becoming a higher order stream. Strahler method of ordering was used for giving

order to drainage. Drainage map Figure 3.3of a study area shows highest order of drainage as 6th

order i.e. Manimuktha River. Gomuki river on West side join to Manimuktha river. Drainage

pattern within 10 km radius around project site shows dendritic type of drainage pattern.

Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area

The project site is located 3.4 km away from the Manimuktha river and does not fall in the flood

basin of the river. Branch Manager,SIDCO Cudallore, vide letter no. 695/B/2015 dated 09/04/2018

and letter no 695/B/2015 dated 02.05.2018 has confirmed that, there has been no incidences of

flood in the area since 2007 (since the SIDCO Industrial Estate has been formed).

Contour Pattern of the Study Area

Contouring is the standard method of representing relief on topographic maps. Contour lines are

lines joining points of equal elevation on the surface of the ground. For a given map the vertical

distance between adjacent contour lines or the contour interval is fixed i.e.25mFigure 3.4Contour




map of 10 km radius around project site predominantly shows a flat terrain. Highest elevation is

115 m and the lowest elevation is 13 m.

Figure 3.4: Contour Map of the study area




3.3.2 Hydrogeology & Geology

Geomorphology and Soil types

Geomorphology

The residual hills and denudational hills are common in Tirukoilur, Kallakurichi and Gingee

taluks. Structural hills are noticed in the western part of the district. The shallow pediments and

buried pediments are common in the central part of the district. Coastal areas are having older and

younger flood plains and also beach landforms at places. The ground slope is gentle towards coast.

The valley fill near Villupuram is thick, which forms main ground water discharge zone.

Lineaments are restricted to parts of Kallakurichi and Sankarapuram areas and productive fractures

are noticed in select pockets. The crystalline sedimentary contact fault is having sympathetic

fractures in hard rocks but mostly they are dry fractures.

Soils

The soils in the district are mostly forest soils and red soil. Alluvial soils are found in eastern side

bordering coast. Black soils are confined to low ground in select pockets in Vanur Taluk.

Ground Water Scenario

Hydrogeology

Villupuram district is underlain by crystalline metamorphic complex in the western part of the

district and sedimentary tract in eastern side (Plate-II). The thickness of sediments exceeds 600m

near southern part of the district. Groundwater occurs under phreatic and semi–confined conditions

in consolidated formations, which comprises weathered and fractured granites, gneisses and

charnockites whereas in unconsolidated sedimentary rocks the groundwater occurs in phreatic,

semi-confined conditions in Vanur sandstone, Kadapperi kuppam formation and Turuvai

limestone. The district is having rocky outcrops in major part of Kallakurichi, Sankarapuram and

Tirukoilur taluks. The weathering is highly erratic and the depth of abstraction structures is

controlled by the intensity of weathering and fracturing. The depth of wells varies from 6.64 to 17

m bgl and water levels in observation wells tapping shallow aquifers varied from 0.74 to 9.7 m bgl

during pre-monsoon (May 2006) and it varies from 0.7 to 4.45 m bgl during post monsoon (January

2007). During pre-monsoon, the depth to water levels in the range of >2 to 5 m bgl in major part

of the district, in the range of >5 -10 m bgl in western and southeastern parts of the district and

range of 0-2 m bgl were recorded in two isolated pockets.

During post monsoon the depth to water levels range of >2 to 5 m bgl exists in major part of the

district, range of 0 - 2 m bgl prevails in central and northeastern parts of the district and range of

>5 - 10 m bgl were recorded in two isolated pockets in the southwester and north western parts of

the district (fig-2). The depth to piezometric surface ranged from 2.8 to 11.25 m bgl during Pre

monsoon and 0.5 to 6.35 m bgl during post monsoon. The ground water is being developed my

means of dug wells, bore wells and tube wells. The diameter of the well is in the range of 7 to 10

m and depth of dug wells range from 15 to 18 m bgl depending on the weathered thickness and

joints. The dug wells yield up to 1 lps in summer months and few wells remains dry. The yield is

adequate for irrigation for one or two crops in monsoon period. The yield of bore wells in

favourable locations vary from <1 to 6 lps. The valley fills, intersection of lineaments, particularly,




in the western part along the foot hills of Kalrayan hills are reported to have potential pockets

suitable for dug wells and bore wells. The area of contact between crystalline and sedimentary

formations has variable yield prospects. The cretaceous formations are very compact and yield

prospects are low. The dug wells of 6 m diameter and 10 m bgl depth in sandy tracts give about

3.5 lps. The yield of tube wells in the sedimentary formation ranges from 2.4 to 37 lps.

Long-term fluctuation

The long –term water level fluctuation for the period of (1998-2007) indicates rise in water level

in the range of 0.003 to 0.63 m/year whereas the fall in the water level ranges between 0.014 and

0.31 m /year.

Aquifer Parameters

The transmissivity values of fractured aquifers range from < 1 to 141 m2 /day and storativity varies

between 2.84x10.5-5 and 8.9x10-3. The transmissivity of sedimentary formation varies from 21

to 748m2 /day and storativity is in the order of 2.75x10-3.

Drainage

The Ponnaiyar, the Malattar and the Gadilam are the major rivers draining the district. The

Ponnaiyar River flows from northwest to east in the district. The Manimukta nadi originates in

Kalrayan hills and drains the southern part of the district. The Pambaiyar and the Varaganadhi

originate in the uplands of the district and join Bay of Bengal. The Varaganadhi is also known as

the Gingee River and drains the parts of Gingee and Vanur taluks of this district. The Malattar and

Gadilam rivers also originate in the uplands 2 within the district and flow eastwards to Cuddalore

district. All the rivers are ephemeral in nature and carry only floodwater during monsoon period.

The drainage pattern is mostly parallel to sub parallel and drainage density is very low. There are

small reservoirs across rivers namely Gomukha, Vedur and Mahanathur.

Table 3.2: Stage of ground water development

Sr.

No

Name

of

groun

d

water

assess

ment

unit

block

Net

ground

water

availabi

lity

Existing

gross

draft for

irrigatio

n

Existin

g

gross

draft

for

domest

ic and

industr

ial

water

supply

Existing

gross

for all

uses

Allocati

on for

domestic

and

industri

al

require

ment

supply

upto

next 25

years

i.e.2029

Net

ground

water

availab

ility for

future

irrigati

on

develo

pment

Stage

of

groun

d

water

devel

opme

nt

Catego

rizatio

n for

future

ground

water

1 Ulund

urpet

8034.65 8042.60 287.6 8330.28 299.65 -307.60 104 Over

exploite

d




Figure 3.5: Depth to water level- Premonsoon

Figure 3.6: Depth to water level- Post monsoon




3.4 Meteorological Data

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The collection and analysis of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential

component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact

assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected

over long and short periods.

Since, the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful

interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to

the site.

Table 3.3: Meteorological Monitoring at study area

S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency

1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather

station (Envirotech WM 251)

Continuous Automatic

1 hourly Average 2 Wind Direction

3 Ambient Temperature

4 Max. & Min Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST

5 Relative Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST

6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily

The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period.

The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.4. The wind rose during the study period

is presented in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area

Month Temperature,

°C

Relative Humidity,

%

Wind

Speed,

m/s

Predominant

wind direction

Min Max Min Max Mean

April 2016 26.2 38.6 55 73 3.7 E

May 2016 24.4 40.0 63 72 4.5 E

June 2016 20.9 38.4 65 74 3.7 E




Figure 3.7: Windrose for period of April 2016 to June 2016.

3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at ten locations within the 10 km radius around

the site of project to know the existing background ambient air quality. The purpose of the

estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the project on the

ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the project. The parameters chosen

for assessment of air quality were PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX),

CO, O3, NH3, Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene.

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-

methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of

the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia




(NH3), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene at 10 locations within the

study area. The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the

following considerations using climatological data.

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Topography of the study area;

Representative ness of the region for establishing baseline status; and

Representative ness with respect to likely impact areas.

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24-hour basis with a frequency of twice a week

at a station during the study period for 10 locations.

The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 3.5 &

Figure 3.8.

Table 3.5: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations

Sl.

No

Location Location Code Distance in km Direction

1 IOCL SPICOT A1 0.08 NW

2 Asnaur Village A2 1.50 N

3 Gurupeedapuram Village A3 3.17 NW

4 Seevamangalam Village A4 6.21 NNW

5 Eddaikkal Village A5 6.08 NNE

6 SiruvambarVillage A6 3.71 NE

7 PinjanurVillage A7 2.97 SE

8 Elangiyanur village A8 3.29 S

9 Adhiyur village A9 6.60 SW

10 Koothakudi Village A10 5.72 W




The ambient air quality results are as summarized in Table 3.6andTable 3.7.

Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

PM10 µg/m3 PM2.5 µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 NOX µg/m3

SN Location Min Max Mean 98% Min Max Mean 98% Min Max Mean 98% Min Max Mean 98%

1 IOCL SPICOT 41.2 60.1 47.8 59.7 12.4 26.9 18.5 26.2 6.2 8.9 7.3 8.7 12.1 17.2 14.5 16.7

2 Asnaur Village 52.3 67.2 58.7 66.6 15.7 31.2 20.5 30.1 7.5 12.8 10.0 12.4 14.5 20.1 17.1 19.9

3 Gurupeedapuram

Village 33.1 49.7 40.4 49.0 10.3 29.4 17.4 28.9 BDL 12.3 8.2 11.0 10.1 18.6 12.6 18.5

4 Seevamangalam

Village 33.4 47.8 41.3 47.3 10.7 28.1 18.2 27.7 BDL 9.2 8.2 8.8 10.4 19.8 12.8 19.1

5 Eddaikkal

Village 33.6 49.2 39.2 48.0 10.6 27.2 17.5 27.0 BDL 9.6 8.4 9.5 10.7 18.4 12.9 17.7

6 Siruvambar

Village 30.2 40.3 35.1 40.3 11.5 23.4 17.4 22.6 BDL 10.8 8.6 10.5 10.2 19.2 11.9 17.5

7 PinjanurVillage 30.2 44.6 36.5 44.0 10.2 25.8 17.4 25.4 BDL 9.7 7.7 8.4 10.4 19.7 12.9 18.9

8 Elangiyanur

village 32.8 45.2 37.9 44.9 10.1 26.2 16.6 25.4 BDL 9.7 7.4 9.3 9.9 18.4 12.6 17.6

9 Adhiyur Village 31.8 48.6 37.4 46.9 11.7 25.2 17.0 24.7 BDL 9.4 8.2 9.2 10.2 18.9 12.7 18.4

1

0

Koothakudi

Village 30.8 50.2 38.6 48.9 12.2 27.8 19.2 27.3 BDL 9.1 7.4 8.8 10.2 19.2 13.2 19.1

NAAQ

STANDARD$

100

60

80

80




Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

SN Location CO mg/m3 Ozone

µg/m3

Ammonia

µg/m3 Lead µg/m3

Benzene

µg/m3

Benzo alpha

Pyrene

ng/m3

Arsenic

ng/m3 Nickel ng/m3

1 IOCL SPICOT BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

2 Asnaur Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

3 Gurupeedapura

m Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

4 Seevamangala

m Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

5 Eddaikkal

Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

6 SiruvambarVill

age BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

7 PinjanurVillag

e BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

8 Elangiyanur

village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

9 Adhiyur

village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

10 Koothakudi

Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0)

NAAQ

STANDARD$ 2 180 400 1 5 1 6 20




The other parameters such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb),

Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene are all below detection limits.

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring

Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, CO, O3, NH3, Pb, Ni,

As, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene. Table 3.8 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for

these parameters.

Table 3.8: Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Parameters Technique Technical

Protocol

Détectable

Limit

PM10 Gravimetric method IS-5182 Part-23 5.0 µg/m3

PM2.5 Gravimetric method CPCB Guideline 3.0 µg/m3

Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 Part-2 5.0 µg/m3

Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 Part-6 5.0 µg/m3

Carbon Monoxide Non dispersive Infra-red

Spectroscopy IS 5182 Part-10 0.1 mg/m3

Ozone UV Photometric CPCB Guideline 2.0 µg/m3

Ammonia Indophenol method CPCB Guideline 18 µg/m3

Lead ICP method CPCB Guideline 0.0015 µg/m3

Benzene Adsorption & Desorption

followed by GC analysis IS 5182 Part-11 1.0 µg/m3

Benzo alpha Pyrene

Solvent extraction

followed by GCMS

analysis

CPCB Guideline 0.1 ng/m3

Arsenic ICP method CPCB Guideline 0.6 ng/m3

Nickel ICP method CPCB Guideline 1.0 ng/m3

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable

dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these

particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at

the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on

the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for

sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx.

Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.

PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-

II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-VI,




1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been prepared for all

gaseous pollutants.

3.6 Noise

Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness

distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is

the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20

to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the

response of a human ear. The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity,

construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various

factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general

community responses.

3.6.1 Objective

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels

in different zones. i. e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the surrounding

areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.

3.6.2 Methodology

Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the

area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry, commercial

shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and sensitive areas like

hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway noise.

The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring period.

10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise.

Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)

The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the

equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual

fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.

Instrument used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet

(Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few

minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighing set the

sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.

There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free field,

near field and far field.




Free Field

The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from source

to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound pressure level

decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.

Near Field

The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not

apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.

Far Field

The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the source.

Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area

Sl.

No

Location Location

Code

Distance

in km

Direction

1 IOCL – Project Site N1 0.08 NW

2 Near Govt. high school - Asanur Village N2 1.50 N

3 Near Panchayat union middle school –

Gurupeedapuram Village

N3 3.17 NW

4 Near Panchayat Union Primary school -

Seevamangalam Village

N4 6.21 NNW

5 Near Eddaikkal Village N5 6.08 NNE

6 Panchayat Union Elementary School- Siruvambar

Village

N6 3.71 NE

7 Near Govt.primary School – Pinjanur Village N7 2.97 SE

8 Near Govt. middle school – Elangiyanur village N8 3.29 S

9 Near Govt. middle school – Adhiyur N9 6.60 SW

10 Near Govt. Primary school – Koothakudi village N10 5.72 W

3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured

Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each hour

parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound

pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.

The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight.

Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly.

However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation:

Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60

Where,




L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of

measurement.

L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of

measurement.

L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of

measurement.

Lday: This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s

for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m

Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly

Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

3.6.4 Noise Results

The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during study

period and are presented in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results

SN Name of the Location Day Time

Leq dB(A)

Night Time

Leq dB(A)

1 IOCL – Project Site 50.1 42.4

2 Near Govt. high school - Asanur Village 51.6 41.5

3 Near Panchayat union middle school – Gurupeedapuram

Village 50.3 41.8

4 Near Panchayat Union Primary school -Seevamangalam

Village 52.7 42.8

5 Near Eddaikkal Village 51.5 42.5

6 Panchayat Union Elementary School- Siruvambar Village 48.2 39.9

7 Near Govt.primary School – Pinjanur Village 51.4 39.5

8 Near Govt. middle school – Elangiyanur village 50.8 42.0

9 Near Govt. middle school – Adhiyur 49.9 41.2

10 Near Govt. Primary school – Koothakudi village 52.1 41.7

Standards 55 45

Noise Standards

Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide Gazette

notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.11 describes ambient noise standards.

In Respect of Noise*

Table 3.11: Ambient Noise Standards




Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A), Leq

** Day time #Night time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone @ 50 40

* As per Environment protection act.

** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.

# Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals,

educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent

authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.

The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.10. Noise level of the study area varied

from 48.2 to 52.7 dB (A) in day time and from 39.5 to 42.5 dB (A) in the night time.

Figure 3.8: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Air & Noise




3.7 Water Environment

3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology

Hydro-geologically the weathered and fractured zones of crystalline constitute the predominant

hydro-geological units. Groundwater occurs under phreetic condition in the weathered horizons.

Highly weathered and jointed granitic gneisses occurring the undulating plains form the potential

aquifers in the hard rock terrain. Micaschists and shales having very thick weathered residuum

also sometimes form good shallow aquifers to be tapped through dug wells.

In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. The

quality of ground water at project site is saline.

The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 4-5 m below ground level during pre-

monsoon period and less than 2-4 m during post-monsoon period.

3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations

The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by collecting

water from ground water sources and surface water sources during Monitoring Period. The

sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. One surface water samples

and five ground water samples were collected during monitoring period.

Table 3.12: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Station Code Location Distance in km Direction

GW1 IOCL Project site 0.37 NW

GW2 Koothakudi village 5.43 W

GW3 Seevamangalam

village

6.54 NW

GW4 Edichchithur village 5.04 E

GW5 Elangiyanur village 3.31 S

SW1 M.Parur Lake 6.7 SW

3.7.3 Methodology

Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical,

chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out

as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by TNPCB, relevant IS Codes and

Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the Monitoring Period.

Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried out

at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field Analysis

Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to laboratory. The




metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron

and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.

3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality

The analysis data for the monitoring period is presented in Error! Reference source not found. and

Table 3.14. The physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible

limits of drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking

Water) and suitable for consumption.

Figure 3.9: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Water & Soil




Table 3.13: Ground Water Characteristics

S

N

Parameter

(Characteris

tic)

Method of

Test

Un

it GW 1 GW 2 GW3 GW4 GW5

IS 10500:2012$

Requirem

ent

(Acceptab

le Limit)

Permissi

ble Limit

in the

Absence

of

Alternat

e Source

01 Turbidity in

NTU

APHA 22nd

Edn.2130 B NTU 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.6 1 5

02 Temperature

APHA 22nd

Edition

2550-B

°C 25.4 25.9 25.7 25.3 25.5 - -

03 pH @ 25oC

APHA

22ndEdn.

4500 H+-B

-- 7.19 7.25 6.99 6.96 7.12 6.5 -8.5 No

relaxation

04 Salinity By

Calculation g/l 0.95 0.87 0.22 0.46 0.35

- -

05

Total

Dissolved

Solids

APHA

22ndEdn.

2540-C

mg/l 1975 1842 849.5 1206 783.8 500 2000

06 Alkalinity as

CaCO3

APHA 22nd

Edition

2320-B

mg

/l 441 429 420 391 298.2 200 600

07

Total

Hardness as

CaCO3

APHA

22ndEdn.

2340-C

mg

/l 754 750 523 506.7 325.4 200 600

08 Calcium as

Ca

APHA

22ndEdn.

3500 Ca-B

mg

/l 223 221

115.5 123.8 91 75 200




09 Magnesium

as Mg

APHA 22nd

Edn.3500

Mg-B

mg

/l 48 46

57.1 48.1 24 30 100

10 Sodium as

Na

APHA 22nd

Edn 3500

Na-B

mg

/l 265 261 61.2 128.2 80.4

- -

11 Potassium as

K

APHA 22nd

Edn 3500 K-

B

mg

/l 51 56 12.1 24 15

- -

12 Chloride as

Cl

APHA

22ndEdn.

4500 Cl--B

mg

/l 530.3 525.9 122.3 256.4 161.24 250 1000

13 Sulphate as

SO4

APHA

22ndEdn.

4500 SO42--E

mg

/l 171.31 168.7 84.37 62.52 76.44 200 400

14 Nitrate as

NO3

APHA 22nd

Edition

4500-NO3

mg

/l BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) 45

No

relaxation

15

Total

Nitrogen as

N

APHA 22nd

Edn4500 N

mg

/l BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDl(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5)

- -

16

Total

Phosphorous

as P

APHA 22nd

Edition 4500

P-D

mg

/l 0.25 0.20 BDL(DL:0.1) BDL(DL:0.1) BDL(DL:0.1)

- -

17 Phenol as

C6H5OH

APHA 22nd

Edn 5530 D

mg

/l BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0)

- -

18

Chemical

Oxygen

Demand

APHA 22nd

Edn 5220 B

mg

/l 8.0 5.0 6.0 BDL(DL:4.0) 13.0

19 Fluoride as F

APHA 22nd

Edition 4500

F-D

mg

/l 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.21 1 1.5




20 Iron as Fe

APHA

22ndEdn.

3500 Fe-B

mg

/l 3.41 2.85 BDL(DL:0.1) 0.59 BDL(DL:0.1) 0.3

No

relaxation

21 Chromium as

Cr6+

APHA 22nd

Edition 3500

Cr-B

mg

/l BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) 0.05

No

relaxation

22 Copper as Cu

APHA 22nd

Edition 3500

Cu-B

mg

/l BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) 0.05 1.5

23 Manganese

as Mn

IS

3025:PART

59

mg

/l BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01)

24 Nickel as Ni

IS 3025 :

Part 54

(Reaff.2009)

mg

/l

BDl(DL:0.0

3)

BDL(DL:0.0

3)

BDL(DL:0.0

3) BDL(DL:0.0

3)

BDL(DL:0.0

3) 0.02

No

relaxation

25 Aluminium

as Al

APHA 22nd

Edn 3500 Al-

B

mg

/l

BDL(DL:0.0

2)

BDL(DL:0.0

2)

BDL(DL:0.0

2) BDL(DL:0.0

2)

BDL(DL:0.0

2)

0.03 0.2

26 Zinc as Zn IS 3025 (Part

49)

mg

/l 2.4 5.3 1.6 2.3 2.6

5 15

27 Mercury as

Hg

IS 3025 (Part

48)

mg

/l

BDL(DL:0.000

5)

BDL(DL:0.000

5)

BDL(DL:0.000

5)

BDL(DL:0.000

5)

BDL(DL:0.000

5)

0.001 No

relaxation

28 Arsenic as

As

IS 3025 (Part

37)

mg

/l

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

29 Lead as Pb

IS: 3025 Part

47(Reaff:200

3)

mg

/l

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

0.01 No

relaxation

30 Cadmium in

mg/l

APHA 22nd

Edition 3111

-B

mg

/l

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

BDL

(DL:0.005)

0.003 No

relaxation




Table 3.14: Surface Water Characteristics

SN Parameter

(Characteristic) Unit SW1

01 Turbidity in NTU NTU 2.1

02 Temperature °C 25.7

03 pH @ 25oC -- 5.92

04 Salinity g/l 0.38

05 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 193.6

06 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 38

07 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 58

08 Calcium as Ca mg/l 18

09 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 3

10 Sodium as Na mg/l 23

11 Potassium as K mg/l 4

12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 48

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 74.24

14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l BDL(DL:0.5)

15 Total Nitrogen as N mg/l BDl(DL:0.5)

16 Total Phosphorous as P mg/l BDL(DL:0.1)

17 Phenol as C6H5OH mg/l BDL(DL:1.0)

18 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.5

19 Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 2.4

20 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 20.3

21 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.25

22 Iron as Fe mg/l BDL(DL:0.1)

23 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL(DL:0.03)

24 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(DL:0.03)

25 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(DL:0.01)

26 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(DL:0.03)

27 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(DL:0.02)

28 Zinc as Zn mg/l 2.4

29 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(DL:0.0005)

30 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL (DL:0.005)

31 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL (DL:0.005)

32 Cadmium in mg/l mg/l BDL (DL:0.005)




3.8 Soil

Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable

depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties,

constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics. The physico-

chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the monitoring period

with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling

locations have been selected to represent the study area.

3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations

The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of vegetation

and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from agricultural field

and project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 3.15 and presented in Figure 3.9.

Table 3.15: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area

Code Locations Distance in km Direction

S1 IOCL Project site 0.24 NW

S2 Koothakudi village 5.44 W

S3 Seevamangalam village 6.13 NW

S4 Edichchithur village 4.65 E

S5 Elangiyanur village 3.33 S

3.8.2 Methodology

The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all

locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 5 sub locations were

identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed

before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labelled in the

field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.

3.8.3 Soil Results

The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

S.No

.

Test

Parameters

Method Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

01 pH @ 25°C

IS 2720 Part

26:(Reaff:2011

)

-- 10.4

5 7.61 7.85 7.95 8.36




S.No

.

Test

Parameters


02

Electrical

Conductivity

@ 25°C

IS 14767: 2000

(Reaff.2010)

µmhos/c

m 2047

148.

3

156.

7

95.4

9

49.2

1

03

Particle Size Distribution

a) 10 mm IS 2720 - Part 4 % Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

b) 4.75

mm IS 2720 - Part 4 % 0.1 0.4 0.3

0.4 0.2

c) 2 mm IS 2720 - Part 4 % 7.7 14 11 7.4 2.4

d) 425

micron IS 2720 - Part 4 % 43.5 47.2 45.6

41.3 40

e) 75

micron IS 2720 - Part 4 % 45 40.6 39.2

44.3 52.0

04

Texture

a. Percen

t Clay

FAO United

Nations

Rome,2007

% 60 82 85 15 20

b. Percen

t Silt

FAO United

Nations

Rome,2007

% 30 8 9 76 75

c. Percen

t Sand

FAO United

Nations

Rome,2007

% 10 5 6 9 5

05 Calcium as Ca ESIPL/SOP/C-

S/13 meq/L 1.41 1.63 1.82 1.54 1.41

06 Magnesium as

Mg

ESIPL/SOP/C-

S/13 meq/L 1.28 1.35 1.41 1.31 1.18

07 Sodium as

Na(Soluble)

FAO United

Nations

Rome,2007

meq/100g 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.9

08 Potassium as

K(Soluble)

FAO United

Nations

Rome,2007

meq/100g 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.4

09

Cation

Exchange

Capacity

FAO United

Nations

Rome,2007

meq/100g 1.6 1.49 1.59 1.46 1.39




S.No

.

Test

Parameters


10

Sodium

Absorption

Ratio

IS 11624 -

1986 meq/L 2.15 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5

3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity

3.9.1 Introduction

Oil terminal development activities can have a wide range of impacts on biodiversity, both positive

and negative. The development is proposed for the construction for isolated storage of petroleum

products (Grass-Root Petroleum Storage)& Distribution Terminal of Indian Oil Corporation

(IOCL) at Asanur village in Tamil Nadu involves development of Storage tanks. Around 83,009

KL of Petroleum Products will be handled. About 700 M of pipeline shall be laid from existing

pipeline station to the new terminal. Pipelines connecting tanks & other plant facilities shall be

provided inside the proposed terminal. Study of biological environment is one of the important

aspects in Environmental Impact Assessment in view of the need for conservation of

environmental quality. Project being capital in nature shall contribute to the socio economic

development, strengthening of the facilities in & around Villupuram. Natural flora and fauna are

important features of the environment. They are organized into natural communities with mutual

dependencies among their members and show various responses and sensitivities to physical

abiotic influences. Integrating ecological thinking into the planning process is essential in the

context of natural environment’s dramatic deterioration which has a direct consequence on

socioeconomic development.

Ecology is the scientific study of the processes influencing the distribution and abundance of

organisms and interaction among organisms. With changes in environmental conditions, structure,

density and composition of plants, animals also undergo changes.

3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring

a) To evaluate the prevailing ecological status of the habitats adjacent to the project site.

b) To assess the impact of proposed construction for isolated storage of petroleum products on

ecology, flora and fauna.

c) To recommend suitable environment management plan to minimize any adverse impact on

adjacent area due to the proposed developments.

d) To list the plants and animals present in the study area as per the classifications of MOEF




3.9.3 Methodology

The study of flora involved intensive sample survey of vegetation in the project site and other

locations applying standard methods. The vegetation present within a defined area is termed as a

plant community. This is determined by the nature of the dominant species it contains. By the term

dominant species or dominance it is understood that species of plants having same life and growth,

forms predominating in an area. Abundance, relative abundance, density and relative density of

each species diversity and evenness for each of the Zones were calculated using the numerical data

(Ludwig and Reynolds 1988, Lande 1996, Smith and Wilson 1996).

The biological environment within the identified area of 10 Km radius has been studied with

respect to terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Since animals, unlike plants, are capable of movement

from one place to another, the methodology applicable for their study is entirely different. The on-

site observations were further supplemented by the information collected from secondary sources

and other agencies. Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna.

Visual encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate species. Additionally survey

of relevant literature was also done to consolidate the list of vertebrate fauna distributed inthe area

(Smith 1933-43, Ali and Ripley 1983, Daniel 1983, Prater 1993, Murthy and Chandrasekhar 1988).

Since birds may be considered as indicators for monitoring and understanding human impacts on

ecological systems (Lawton 1996) attempt was made together quantitative data on the group by.

Study Area

Area is not protected under international conventions, national or local legislation for their

ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value.

Forest Types in Study Area

As per Champion &Seth classification, the Tamil Nadu state has 39 forest types which belong to

9 forest type groups tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen, tropical moist deciduous,

littoral &swamp, tropical dry deciduous, tropical thorn, tropical dry evergreen, subtropical

broadleaved hill and montane wet forest. Villupuram Forest Division consists of 26 Reserved

Forests areas out of which tribal are living in Pitchavaram and Killai Reserved Forest. The main

activities of this Division are the Protection and Preservation of the existing Natural Reserved

Forests and Wild animals such as Spotted Deer, Antelope, Sloth bear etc., and the development of

the degraded forests. This Division is implementing various forests acts to protect the Reserved

Forests and Reserved Land.

The forests of this division are divided into three regions from the points of view of topography,

soil conditions and flora. The coastal regions contain the Casuarina plantations, sand dunes,

mangroves and scrub jungle. The whole of Pitchavaram, Pitchavaram extension and Killai

Reserved Forests and the Porto Novo and Ariyakosti URL. The lateritic region contains the

extensive cashew plantation and dry evergreen forest includes Kangiruppum Bit I and II,

Velangulam, Ammeri, Narimanam, Semakottai and Extension, Kallamedu and Kuttady Reserved




Forests. The inland plains region contains the eucalyptus and miscellaneous fuel plantations and

the thorny scrub jungles consist of Alwarmalai, Varanjaram, Porasakurichi, Magarur, Kattumailur,

Nangur, Krishnapuram, Thottapadi, Kottalamalai, Melpalangur, Mallapuram and Poosapadi

Reserved Forests and Pandur, Sirupakkam, Kattayanallur, Kuttakudi. The coastal regions contains

sandy areas with sand dunes, tidal swamps scrub jungles.

3.9.4 Ecological Settings of Study Area

Open Scrubs

Open scrub is largest land use in study area. The thorny scrub forests found in this part of Tamil

Nadu receive very less rainfall and made up of thinly spread thorny forests of Prosopis juliflora

which is considered as invasive species. The southern tropical thorn scrub type forests consist of

open, low vegetation that is characterized by thorny trees with short trunks and low, branching

crowns. The trees in study area attained maximum heights of 4–7 m. Typical grasses of this region

include Chrysopogon fulvus, Heteropogon contortus, Eremopogon foveolatus, Aristida setacea

and Dactyloctenium species. The plant species that dominate the vegetation in these forests are

Acacia sp., Balanites roxburghii, Cordia myxa, Capparis sp, Prosopis sp. Azadirachta indica,

Cassia fistula, Diospyros chloroxylon, Carissa carandas and Phoenix sylvestris.

Rivers

The study area comprises of Gadilam, Gamukha, Maninukta, Varaha rivers. The district also

contains Kaliveli tank. The Sankaraparani River originates on the western slope of Gingee Hill

in Villupuram District of the State of Tamil Nadu. It has two sources, one in the Pakkammalai hills

and one in the mountains of Melmalayanur. They join near Thenpalai village to form the main

river. Sankaraparani is also known as Varahanadi or Gingee

River.Pennar, Gadilam, Gomuki, Malattar & Sankaraparani

are the five rivers flowing in the District.Gadilam River flows through Thirukoilur Taluk.

Malattar River joins Gadilam before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Pennar River flows through

Thirukoilur and Villupuram Taluks Sankaraparani rises in GingeeTaluk and flows through

Villupuram Taluk. Gomukhi the main tributary of Manimuktha River joins into Vellar River in

Cuddalore District.

General Characteristics of Flora

The family Fabaceae ranks first in possessing the largest number of taxa (547), followed by

Poaceae (485 taxa), Asteraceae (307 taxa), Rubiaceae (236 taxa) and Orchidaceae (218 taxa). Out

of 1788 genera recorded, about 50% are unispecific. Common genus found is Crotalaria, Cyperus,

Strobilanthes, Euphorbia, Acacia, Eucalyptus.

Flora of Zone I

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingee

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viluppuram_District

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thenpalai&action=edit&redlink=1




The zone I flora i.e. at and around project site was dominated by thorny bushes and several

agricultural fields. Thorny flora was dominated by Acacia leucophloea, Prosopis juliflora, Cactus

species, Opuntia species and Agave species. Other species like Calotropis gigantea, Aloe vera and

Acacia chundra were occasionally observed. Entire floral community was characterized by stunted

growth due to scanty rainfall.

Agricultural area was dominated by sugarcane, groundnut and sunflower plantations.

Flora of Zone II

The zone II flora was mixture of wild as well as planted species as this zone covered maximum

settlements of study area. Tree species such as Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus heterophyllus,

Alstonia scholaris, Bauhinia purpurea, Bombax ceiba, Delonix regia, Cocos nucifera, Ficus

benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Phyllanthus emblica and Tamarandus indica were commonly

observed in zone II. Open scrubs in zone II were characterized by Prosopis juliflora, Opuntia,

Cactus, Acacia species etc.

Flora of Zone III

The zone III flora was most diverse in entire study area. AzhwarMalai Reserve Forest sustained

rich diversity of plants varying from thorny to deciduous plants. Distinct variation in species was

observed. Flora was dominated by thorny plants such as Prosopis juliflora, Acacia horrid, Albizia

lebbeck, Flacourtia indica and Zyzypus mauritiana. At midlevel height of hill Albizia amara,

Capparis grandis, Crataeva magna, Holarhaena pubescence, Grewia tillifolia, Sterculia urens

and Garuga pinnata were observed. Madhuca longifolia, Bauhinea racemosa, Butea monosperma,

Haldina cordifolia, Helicteris isora, Mimusops elengi and Vitex nigundo were observed.

Table 3.17: Density, Abundance and Frequency of Plant Species in Study Area

Species Family % FO Density Abundance

Acacia chundra Mimosaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Acacia ferruginea Mimosaceae 40.00 150 0.111

Acacia horrida Mimosaceae 86.67 325 0.240

Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae 73.33 275 0.203

Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33.33 125 0.092

Agave species Liliaceae 40.00 20 0.034

Albizia amara Mimosaceae 86.67 325 0.240

Albizia richardiana Mimosaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae 26.67 100 0.074

Alstonia scholaris Annonaceae 33.33 125 0.092

Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 46.67 175 0.129

Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae 20.00 75 0.055

Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 80.00 300 0.221

Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinea 46.67 175 0.129





Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpinea 40.00 150 0.111

Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Borassus flabellifer Aracaceae 93.33 350 0.258

Butea monosperma Fabaceae 40.00 150 0.111

Cactus species Cactaceae 100.00 426 0.381

Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 20.00 24 0.062

Capparis grandis Capparaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Cinnamomum malabatrum Lauraceae 6.67 25 0.018

Commiphora caudate Burseraceae 6.67 25 0.018

Crateva magna Capparaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Delonixregia Caesalpinea 60.00 225 0.166

Dolichandrone arcuata Bignoniaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Dolichandrone atrovirens Bignoniaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Erythrina suberosa Fabaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae 40.00 150 0.111

Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 66.67 250 0.185

Ficus hispida Moraceae 40.00 150 0.111

Ficus religiosa Moraceae 73.33 275 0.203

Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 13.33 50 0.037

Grewia tillifolia Tiliaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Haldina cordifolia Rubiaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae 33.33 125 0.092

Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Lagerstroemia parviflora Lytheraceae 13.33 50 0.037

Limonia acidissima Rutaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Madhuca longifolia Sapotaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Melia azedarachta Meliaceae 40.00 150 0.111

Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Moringa concanensis Moringaceae 53.33 200 0.148

Murraya koenigii Rutaceae 60.00 225 0.166

Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae 53.33 200 0.148

Plumeria rubra Apocynaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Prosopis Juliflora Mimosaceae 100.00 6250 4.613

Psidium guajava Myrtaceae 33.33 125 0.092

Santalum album Santalaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Spathodea campanulata Bignoniaceae 6.67 25 0.018





Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 26.67 100 0.074

Stereospermum colais Bignoniaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 20.00 75 0.055

Tamarindus indica Caesalpinea 93.33 350 0.258

Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Terminalia crenulata Combretaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Terminalia paniculata Combretaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 13.33 50 0.037

Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae 73.33 275 0.203

Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae 33.33 125 0.092

General Characteristics of Fauna

There has been no conservation of Biological resources and no conscious effort by the district

administration to conserve the rare and threatened species of flora and fauna in the district. Wildlife

census in Villupuram district indicates that 1460 animals are protected in the forest areas. The

capacity to measure the status and any changes therein of animal resources are an elementary

requirement for the ecological assessment. Present assessment surrounding project site

incorporates approaches of recording faunal evidences and collecting information regarding

animal species from respective resources.

Avifauna

Diverse groups of birds were observed in the study area. Most dominant groups were thrushes,

flycatchers, tits, warblers, babblers, larks and lapwings. Avifauna observed in open scrubs was

dominated by Ashy Prinia (Prinia socialis), Drongo, Green Bee-eater (Merops orientalis), Blue

Cheeked Bee-eater (Merops persicus), Bushlark (Mirafra erythroptera), Rufous Tailed Lark,

Paddy field Pipits (Anthus rufulus) and red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) etc. Other common

birds observed at various places were cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), house sparrow (Passer

domesticus), common myna (Acridotheres tristis), streaked weaver bird (Ploceus manyar) and

bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus). These birds were found in close association with man and

cattle. It has been observed that the majority of birds recorded in study area are omnivorous in

habit preferring insects, worms etc. as the principal food item. This could be attributed to absence

or very less diversity of fruit bearing plants in study region.




Black Eared Kite Indian Roller

Red Wattled Lapwing Jungle Bush Quail

Table 3.18: Avifauna observed in the study area

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Habit

IUCN Redlist

Status

1 Great Egret Casmerodius albus R Least Concerned

2 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia R Least Concerned

3 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R Least Concerned

4 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R Least Concerned

5 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii R Least Concerned

6 Black Kite Milvus migrans R Least Concerned

7 Black Eared Kite Milvus migrans lineatus M Least Concerned

8 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus M Least Concerned





IUCN Redlist

Status

9 Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R Least Concerned

10 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius R Least Concerned

11 Euarasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto R Least Concerned

12 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis R Not Assessed

13 Rock Pigeon Columba livia R Least Concerned

14 Indian Rosering Parakeet Psittakula krameri R Least Concerned

15 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R Least Concerned

16 Asian Koel Chrysococcyx maculatus R Least Concerned

17 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis R Least Concerned

18 Spotted Owlet Athene brama R Least Concerned

19 House swift Apus affinis R Least Concerned

20 Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis R Least Concerned

21 Blue Cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus M Not Assessed

22 Green Bee-eater Meropus orientalis R Not Assessed

23 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops R Least Concerned

24 Sand Lark Calandrell araytal R Least Concerned

25 Crested Lark Calandrella crestata R Least Concerned

26 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica M Least Concerned

27 Wire Tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii R Least Concerned

28 Black Drongo Dicrirus macrocercus R Not Assessed

29 Long Tailed Shrike Laniaus schach R Least Concerned

30 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R Least Concerned

31 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis R Least Concerned

32 Large Billed crow Corvus macrorbynchos R Least Concerned

33 House Crow Corvus splendens R Least Concerned

34 Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R Least Concerned

35 Red Whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus R Least Concerned

36 Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi R Least Concerned

37 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus R Not Assessed

38 Booted Wabler Hippolais caligata M Not Assessed

39 Sykes's Wabler Hippolais rama M Least Concerned

40 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis R Least Concerned

41 House Sparrow Passser domesticus R Not Assessed

42 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela R Least Concerned

43 Laggar Falcon Falco jugger R Least Concerned





IUCN Redlist

Status

44 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica R Least Concerned

Endangered species

No critically endangered, vulnerable or rare species as specified in IUCN Redlist were observed

in study area.

Mammals

No mammalian fauna was observed in reserve forest during present survey. However, Villagers

around forest confirmed the presence of Indian Fox (Vulpesbengalensis), Wild Hare

(Lepusnigricollis) and Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii). However, following species

declared as Schedule I, II and IV as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 were recorded.

Table 3.19: Scheduled Fauna as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Common Name Scientific Name Schedule

Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Schedule I

Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Schedule I

Lagger Falcon Falco jugger Schedule I

Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis Schedule II

Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Schedule II

Wild Hare Lepus nigricollis Schedule IV

Reptiles

Thorny forests, open scrubs and agricultural lands provide unique habitats for reptiles. The study

area sustains wide variety of reptiles such as Spectacled Cobra, Common Krait, Russell's

Kukri, Common Indian Monitor lizard, Indian Chameleon, Oriental Garden Lizard, Russell's Viper

and various species of skinks and geckos.

Benthic and Fish Ecology in Rivers

No benthic and aquatic fauna was observed in Vellary stream.

Diversity Indices

Following indices were applied to flora in study area for estimation of ecological status of this area

1. Shannon’s index

2. Margalef’s index

3. Simpson’s index

Shannon’ Index

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacled_Cobra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Krait

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Indian_Monitor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Chameleon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Garden_Lizard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_Viper




Typically the value of the index ranges from 1.5 (low species richness and evenness) to 3.5 (high

species evenness and richness), though values beyond these limits may be encountered. Because

the Shannon Index gives a measure of both species numbers and the evenness of their abundance,

the resulting figure does not give an absolute description of a sites biodiversity. It is particularly

useful when comparing similar ecosystems or habitats, as it can highlight one example being richer

or more even than another. There is always the need to inspect the data or use another index to

unpack the true reasons for the difference.

Where: where S is the total number of species and pi is the frequency of the ith species.

The value Shannon’s index of flora in zone I (2.71) and zone II (2.75) was observed to be almost

similar, indicating no difference in floral communities in these two zones. Whereas, Shannon’s

index of flora in zone III was observed to be 3.82 indicating very rich diversity in this zone (Table

5). This could be attributed to diverse flora in AzhwarMalai Reserve Forest.

Margalef’s Index

It is calculated from the total number of species presentand the abundance or total number of

individuals.

Margalef Index (D) = S – 1/ log e N

Where: S – total number of species, N – total number of individuals

The higher the index the greater is the diversity. The value of Margalef’s index for flora was

observed to be 6.93, 6.51 and 8.13 in zone I, II and III, respectively.

Simpson’s Index

Simpson's Index measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample

will belong to the same species (or some category other than species).

Simpson's Indexλ = ∑ n(n-1)/N(N-1)

Where: n – total individuals of each species

N – Total individuals of all species

With this index, 0 represents infinite diversity and 1, no diversity. That is, the bigger the value of

D, the lower the diversity. This is neither intuitive nor logical, so to get over this problem, D is

often subtracted from 1 to give: Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 - λ

The value of this index also ranges between 0 and 1, but now, the greater the value, the greater the

sample diversity. This makes more sense. In this case, the index represents the probability that two

individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to different species. The value of

Simpson index for flora was observed to be 0.86, 0.77 and 0.97 in zone I, II and III, respectively.

Table 3.20: Diversity Indices of Flora in Study Area




Zone Margalef

Index Evenness

Shannon

Index

Simpson

Index

Zone I 6.93 0.66 2.75 0.86

Zone II 6.51 0.66 2.71 0.77

Zone III 8.13 0.92 3.83 0.97

3.9.5 Ecologically Sensitive Sites

Majority of study area is open scrubs and agricultural area. Open scrub sustained very unique

ecology. However, no rare or endangered plant species was observed in scrubs. Similarly no

breeding grounds and migration routes of birds or animals were observed. Sites identified as

ecologically sensitive are mostly confined to hills. Maximum diversity of flora and avifauna was

observed in reserve forests. Following sites are recognized as ecologically sensitive in study area.

AlwarMalai Reserve Forest : 6.7 km from Asanur

Koothakudi reserve Forest – 4.5 Km

Idaikkal Reserve Forest – 6.9 Km

Manimukta River – 2.40 Km

Gomukha River – 3.6 Km

Memattur Main Canal – 5.5 Km

Wildlife Management Plan

Wildlife management is considered as an essential factor as it refers to diversity at all levels like

genetic, species and community. The implementation of biodiversity conservation strategy is very

judicious task, particularly in arid climate as that of study area. The formulation of a biodiversity

management and wildlife conservation plan for a developmental Project is one of the steps towards

the environment conservation. Human activities like industrialization, agricultural expansion, road

construction, and other developmental activities are supposed to be major threats to biodiversity

and wildlife, therefore, the most effective and efficient mechanisms for conserving biodiversity is

to prevent further destruction of degradation of habitats.

Four strategies required for the biodiversity management are in Situ strategy, ex Situ Strategy,

reduction of anthropogenic pressure and rehabilitation of endangered species. These strategies will

be followed for the proposed plan in this project.

Objectives of Wildlife Management Plan

1. Special efforts for conservation of critical/important plant/animal species, in study area

2. Maintain a sustainable approach between project activities, culture of local villagers and

biodiversity conservation

3. Establish inventory for the scheduled species

4. Maintain data on traditional knowledge on medicines from local villagers




5. Prepare Forest Protection/Enhancement Plan

In-situ Strategies

These strategies are elaborated in detail in biodiversity enhancement plan

Ex-situ Strategies

The measures like establishment of task force, preparation of people’s biodiversity register, and

conservation of scheduled species through ex Situ conservation, awareness programs, and removal

of invasive species would also be applicable in this wildlife management plan. In addition, some

of the conservation measures are described below.

Incentive for the Surrender of Air Guns

Local villagers in study area confirmed the presence of Indian Fox, Grey Mongoose and Wild Hare

in AzhwarMalai Reserve Forest. Illegal hunting of Wild Hare for its flesh and fur was observed to

be common. However, villagers confirmed that Fox not being hunted as its sighting is very rare.

Grey Mongoose is also considered as savior from venomous snakes; hence no threats to Mongoose

are envisaged. Hunters with air guns are present in the surrounding of the Project areas.

Enforcement of wildlife protection rules is not only the solution to protect the forest resources in

study area. However, hunting may be discouraged through providing the attractive incentives for

voluntary surrender of air guns. Simultaneously awareness program in the surrounding area would

encourage the surrender of air guns. This plan may be strengthen by involving the locals in the

Project works.

Scheduled avifauna in the study area such as Indian Peafowl and Crested Serpent Eagle are being

worshiped religiously. Peafowl is considered as carrier of Lord Karthik while Eagle is considered

as carrier of Lord Vishnu. Villagers committed that they consider these birds as very sacred and

hunting them is considered as sin. Hence, no threat to scheduled avifauna of study is envisaged.

However, conservation of habitats of these birds is very much necessary. Habitats can be

conserved through biodiversity enhancement and germ plasm conservation.

Germ Plasm Bank

Seed center may be one of the important measures for the conservation of habitats. Objective of

germ plasm bank is to preserve the genetic material of species and replenishes the seeds samples

when their germination falls below the acceptable level. The seed center is the center of production

of seeds of good genetic and physiological quality. Forest officials shall be consulted to further

development of the center.

Rehabilitation Strategies

Following Wildlife Rehabilitation Plan is proposed for the scheduled fauna. Improvement of

vigilance can be achieved through construction of check posts and watch towers. This will reduce

illegal hunting. Local villagers shall be engaged for this task. In order to strengthen the working

capacity the volunteers of the wildlife management, they must be provided with necessary




equipment such as a camera, wireless, binoculars and other minor equipment (altimeter, search

lights, sleeping bags, health kits, etc.) that would increase their capability and efficiency.

Under the reward for informers program it is proposed to engage the villagers who are well

acquainted with the area and are resourceful in gathering information for hunting. These people

could be hired on a contractual basis.

Veterinary facilities and rescue camps for of wild animals shall be developed. For this purpose it

is required to maintain a stock of medicines in addition to setting up of a mobile-rescue-cum-

publicity-van.

Provision of fire lines within critical areas will protect the forest from accidental fires.

Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC)

The monitoring and evaluation of Biodiversity Management and Wildlife Conservation Plan will

be carried out by a Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC). The committee will follow the

guidelines of National Biodiversity Authority, State Forest Department to implement, monitor and

evaluate the Biodiversity Management Plan of the proposed Project. The activities of BMC shall

be consulted to the Chief Wildlife Warden/Principal Chief Conservator of Forests.

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment

Introduction

Socio-economic description is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any

industrial project. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10 km radius area for the

IOCL POL terminal project and analyses the baseline status as well as assess the social impacts of

the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the anticipated adverse impacts

of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into economy, demography,

education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.

Project Location

The proposed project i.e. M/s IOCL Terminal is located in the Industrial Estate of TANSIDCO

near the village Asanur in the Tehsil: Ulundurpet, District: Villupuram in Tamil Nadu.

Villupuram: Basic Information

Villupuram District in Northern Tamil Nadu is a new district carved out of erstwhile South Arcot

District in 1993. It is surrounded on East and South by Cuddalore District and in the West by

Salem and Dharmapuri District and on the North by Thiruvannamalai and Kanchipuram District.

The district headquarters is located at Villupuram. With an area of 7194 sq. km. Villupuram is the

largest district in the state. The district lies in the middle of the Tiruchirapalli to Chennai National




Highways No. 38. It is well connected by the rail road and it is major junction. From here one can

go to any corner of the Tamil Nadu as well as to other part of India. The district is divided 4

Revenue Divisions, 8 Taluks, 3 Municipalities, 1 5 Town Panchayats, 1 Census Town, 22

Community Development Blocks and 1099 Village Panchayats. There are 1486 revenue villages,

of these 1431 villages recorded inhabited.

Table 3.21: Demographic Attributes for Villupuram District

Description 2011 2001

Actual Population 3,458,873 2,960,373

Male 1,740,819 1,492,442

Female 1,718,054 1,467,931

Population Growth 16.84% 7.43%

Area Sq. Km 7,194 7,194

Density/km2 481 412

Proportion to Tamil Nadu

Population

4.79% 4.74%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 987 984

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 941 961

Average Literacy 71.88 63.80

Male Literacy 80.55 75.06

Female Literacy 63.15 52.38

Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 404,106 373,175

Male Population (0-6 Age) 208,246 190,257

Female Population (0-6 Age) 195,860 182,918

Literates 2,195,776 1,650,528

Male Literates 1,234,479 977,374

Female Literates 961,297 673,154

Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.68% 12.61%

Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.96% 12.75%

Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.40% 12.46%

Source: http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/27-Villupuram.html

As per 2011 census, Villupuram district had population of 3,458,873 of which male and female

were 1,740,819 and 1,718,054 respectively. In 2001 census, Villupuram district had a population

of 2,960,373 of which males were 1,492,442 and remaining 1,467,931 were females. Villupuram

District population constituted 4.79 percent of total Tamil Nadu population. In 2001 census, this

figure for Villupuram District was at 4.74 percent of Tamil Nadu population.




There was change of 16.84 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the

previous census of India 2001, Villupuram District recorded increase of 7.43 percent to its

population compared to 1991.

The population density of Villupuram district for 2011 is 481 people per sq. km. In 2001,

Villupuram district population density was at 412 people per sq. km. Villupuram district has an

area of 7,194 sq. km. there is an increase in the population density.

Average literacy rate of Villupuram district in 2011 were 71.88 percent as compared to 63.80

percent in 2001. Gender wise, male and female literacy were 80.55 percent and 63.15 percent

respectively. In 2001 census, male and female literacy figures stood at 75.06 percent and 52.38

percent in Villupuram District. Total literate in Villupuram District were 2,195,776 of which male

and female were 1,234,479 and 961,297 respectively. In 2001, Villupuram District had 1,650,528

literate in its district.

Sex Ratio in Villupuram district is 987 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census whereas it was

984 females per 1000 males as per 2001 census. The average national sex ratio in India is 940

females per 1000 males and sex ratio for Tamil Nadu state is 996 females per 1000 males. The

child sex ratio in Villupuram district is 941 girls per 1000 boys in 2011 census as compared to

figure of 961 girls per 1000 boys in 2001 census.

There were total 404,106 children under age of 0-6 in Villupuram district as per 2011 census as

compared to 373,175 children in 2001 census. Of total 404,106 children, male and female children

were 208,246 and 195,860 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 941 girls per 1000

boys as compared to 961 girls per 1000 boys in census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed

11.68 percent of Villupuram District compared to 12.61 percent of 2001. There was net change of

-0.93 percent in this compared to previous census of India.

Total Population without roof at the time of Census 2011 was 1363 in Villupuram district which

is 0.04 percent of total population of Villupuram district.

Out of the total Villupuram population for 2011 census, 15.01 percent lives in urban regions of

district. In total 519,088 people lives in urban areas of which males are 259,344 and females are

259,744. Sex Ratio in urban region of Villupuram district is 1002 as per 2011 census data.

Similarly child sex ratio in Villupuram district was 949 in 2011 census. Child population (0-6) in

urban region was 56,710 of which males and females were 29,092 and 27,618. This child

population figure of Villupuram district is 11.22 percent of total urban population. Average literacy

rate in Villupuram district as per census 2011 is 84.74 percent of which males and females are

90.71 percent and 78.82 percent literates respectively. In actual number 391,833 people are literate

in urban region of which males and females are 208,862 and 182,971 respectively.




As per 2011 census, 84.99 percent population of Villupuram districts lives in rural areas of villages.

The total Villupuram district population living in rural areas is 2,939,785 of which males and

females are 1,481,475 and 1,458,310 respectively. In rural areas of Villupuram district, sex ratio

is 984 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio data of Villupuram district is considered, figure

is 939 girls per 1000 boys. Child population in the age 0-6 is 347,396 in rural areas of which males

were 179,154 and females were 168,242. The child population comprises 12.09 percent of total

rural population of Villupuram district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Villupuram district is 69.59

percent as per census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 78.75 and 60.33

percent respectively. In total, 1,803,943 people were literate of which males and females were

1,025,617 and 778,326 respectively.

Socio-Economic Details of Study Area

The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District Statistical

Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 km radius area from the project site

consists of 35 villages and is spread over the Tehsil of Ulundurpet in Villupuram District and

Virudhachalam Tehsil of Cuddalore district. The demographic profile, infrastructure facilities and

socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the following

section.

Methodology

The data is collected and analyzed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected and

collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website,

District Statistical Abstract etc

Demography

Summary of demographic structure with reference to population, household, literacy, community

structure and employment are presented in this section. Total population of the study area is 79,771

belong to 18,643 households (Census, 2011). Population size ranges from 8,228 persons in Parur

village in Cuddalore district, to 438 persons in Seevamangalam village in Villupuram District.

Population within the age class 0-6 year accounts for 11.60 percent of the total population in study

area.

The demographic characteristics of the study area are depicted in Table 3.22. Average sex ratio

for the study area is 984 females per 1000 males, which is lower than the sex ratio of 987 female

per 1000 for Villupuram and Cuddalore Districts. There are several villages in the study area with

positive sex ration such Pullur (1357), Puthamangalam (1172), whereas some villages have very

sex ratio such as Kulapakkam (794), Vannathur (868). The Tamil Nadu state also has a high sex

ratio of 996 females per 1000 males. There are 18,643 households in the study area and the average

size of household is 4 members per household.




Table 3.22: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area

District Name No. of

HH

Total

Population

Sex Ratio Population

(0-6)

Size of

HH

% SC % Literacy

VIL

LU

PU

RA

M

Puthamangalam 306 1301 1172 197 4 27.21 57.97

Nedumanur . 280 1423 963 167 5 42.66 64.49

Parindal 465 2325 974 300 5 71.48 62.47

Seevamangalam 97 438 1056 56 5 45.66 52.36

Pudukalani 163 726 921 126 4 65.15 55.00

Thiruppayar 542 2443 1034 290 5 38.07 63.54

Asanur 602 2591 1047 337 4 50.68 67.35

A.Mazhavarayanur 226 969 998 115 4 46.75 67.56

Edaikkal 136 684 960 88 5 85.38 67.45

A.Sathanur 282 1320 979 192 5 66.36 76.06

Pali 786 3564 979 462 5 67.17 72.99

Pullur 438 3048 1357 241 7 24.05 80.87

CU

DD

AL

OR

E

Visalur 291 1231 970 140 4 69.29 73.60

Karnatham 531 2343 1055 306 4 31.71 67.70

Parur 2065 8228 1011 936 4 28.31 72.55

Edaichchithur 1065 4351 932 494 4 21.83 74.28

Kachchiperumanatham 291 1068 887 98 4 18.07 70.10

Chinnaparur 1307 4970 977 533 4 11.61 67.30

Kulapakkam (Eranji) 149 707 794 82 5 48.80 81.12

Aivadugudi 435 1938 940 231 4 62.85 76.16

Ilangiyanur 342 1463 920 162 4 49.01 70.25

Valasai 460 1948 1014 241 4 45.02 83.54

Pinjanur 338 1360 940 152 4 47.06 62.42

Memathur 515 1992 961 257 4 58.68 68.18

Vannathur 301 1274 868 132 4 61.77 63.40

Nallur 913 3832 984 405 4 32.70 79.11




District Name No. of

HH

Total

Population

Sex Ratio Population

(0-6)

Size of

HH

% SC % Literacy

Nagar 739 3296 943 392 4 68.45 81.06

Seppakkam 1140 5201 908 484 5 62.22 76.34

Kattumayilur 639 2571 1002 307 4 33.29 67.01

Keelakurichi 375 1458 911 149 4 32.58 63.56

Naraiyur 715 3067 983 377 4 73.92 66.06

Tiruppayur 353 1372 960 168 4 64.65 58.39

Kokothanur 285 1153 906 151 4 1.82 77.84

Chittur 600 2213 992 303 4 50.93 62.04

Sathiyam 471 1903 946 179 4 57.28 73.90

TOTAL 18,643 79,771 984 9,250 4 44.43 70.97




Vulnerable Population

According to the 2011 census, the ratio of SC population to the total population is 44.43 percent

in the study area which is higher than the ratio of SC population in Villupuram district which is

29.37 percent and in Cuddalore district which is 29.32 percent. The ratio of SC population of Tamil

Nadu to the total population is 20.01 percent. In the study area, villages with very high percent of

SC population are Naraiyur (73.92), Parindal (71.48) and Visalur (69.29). The study area has

negligible ST population to the total population.

Literacy

The average literacy in the study area is 70.97 percent, which is lower than the literacy rate of the

Villupuram district i.e. 71.88 percent, and literacy rate of Cuddalore district i.e. 78.04 percent. In

the study area the literacy rate is considerably high in male population (81.29 percent) as compared

to female population (60.60 percent). The literacy rates are higher in the Cuddalore district as

compare to the Villupuram district depicted in the Table 3.23.

Table 3.23: Literacy in the study area

Total

Literates

Male

Literates

Female

Literates

Literac

y rate

Male

literacy

Female

literacy

Study Area 50,047 28,723 21,324 70.97 81.29 60.60

Villupuram 2,195,776 1,234,479 961,297 71.88 80.55 63.15

Cuddalore 18,15,281 10,00,322 8,14,959 78.04 85.93 70.14

Economic Activity

As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is 41,376 which constitute 51.87 percent

of the total population of the study area. The total workers comprise of 26,889 main workers and

14,487 marginal workers. The work participation rate for the Villupuram district is 49.24 percent

and for the Cuddalore district is 44.89 percent.

Main workers1 constitute 64.99 percent of the total workers. The remaining (35.01 percent) are

marginal workers2. Among the main workers, female workers are only 38.86 percent whereas

61.14 percent are male workers.

Table 3.24: Status of working population in the study area

1Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.

2Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year, i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).




Total

workers

Main

workers

Marginal

workers

Non

workers

Work participation

rate

Study Area 41,376 26,889 14,487 38,395 51.87

Villupuram 1,703,249 1,260,802 442,447 1,755,624 49.24

Cuddalore 11,69,880 8,37,2713 3,32,609 14,36,034 44.89

Occupational structure

The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. Total workers are

classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four categories:

1. Cultivators

2. Agricultural Labourers

3. Household Industry Workers

4. Other Workers

Of the total workers category, cultivators (30.06 percent) and agricultural labour (52.86 percent)

together constitute 82.92 percent of the total workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has

absorbed maximum workforce in the study area. Only 2.19 percent of workers in the study area

are engaged in the household industry.

Table 3.25: Distribution of Total (main + marginal) workers by category

Total

Workers

Total Workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Labourers

Household

Industry

Others

Study Area 41,376 12,437 21,872 905 6,162

Villupuram 1,703,249 369,646 832,213 38,237 463,153

Cuddalore 11,69,880 1,65,170 5,39,412 32,027 4,33,271

In the study area, about 14.89 percent workers are engaged as ‘other worker’ category. The type

of workers that come under this category of 'Other Worker' include all government servants,

municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade,

commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests,

entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers

or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other

workers category are very less in the study area as it is rural in nature.

Infrastructure




The study area consists of 35 villages within the 10 km radius area. The area is rural in nature with

the town of Ulundurpet more than 15 km away. Basic amenities are available in the villages of

the study area. Cuddalore, the district headquarter is the biggest urban pocket near the study area

with excellent physical and social infrastructure and basic amenities.

Major industries

The list of industries in the SIDCO Industrial Estate is given in Table 3.26.

Table 3.26: List of Major industries

S No Name of the Unit Dev Plot No Extent in acres

1. Anu Industries 1 0.250

2. Sri Veeranar Engg. 2 0.229

3. Vibgyor Enterprises 3 0.253

4. Vacant 4 0

5. Jaysen Engineering System 5 0

6. RVM and Co. 6 0.296

7. Shree G.B. Pharma 7 0.2681

8. Melubes Industries 8 0.2675

9. Jegatham Bio Tech Inds 9 0.2669

10. S.P. Enterprises 10 0.266

11. Saravanya Paper Cups 11&12 0.531

12. Selvi Packing Mtl. Plant 13 0.2644

13. Sri Maheswari and Co. 14 0.2638

14. Vibgyor Industries 15 0

15. Rayon Industries 16 0.263

16. S.M. Industries 17 0.263

17. Shri Priyanka Fabricators 18 0.263

18. Super Fab Engg. Contractors 19 0.270

19. Belt India Conveyor Service 20 0

20. Ambika Vyapar Pvt. Ltd. 21 0

21. Abi Enterprises 22 &23 0.986

22. Vacant 24 0

23. Vacant 25 0

24. Hydro Flex Piping Systems 26 &27 1.050

25. Sri Mahalakshmi Traders 28 0.494

26. Sri Mahalakshmi Traders 29 0.494

27. Rathpon Engg. 30 0.50

28. Kalai Industries 31 0.986

29. Ultra Max Hydrojet Pvt. Ltd. 32 0.990

30. P.R. Acoustical & Engg. Works 33 & 34 2.080

31. Sri Karpaga Vinayaga

Engineering

35 1.190





32. K.S. Fabricators 36 0.990

33. Vacant 37 0

34. Vacant 38 0

35. Shriram Textiles 39 0

36. Enviro Engineering 40 0.99

37. Ambal Rarechem 41 1.19

38. Vacant 42 0

39. Deepa Plasters 43 0.527

40. Teknovate Plastics (P) Ltd. 44 & 45 1.088

41. Vacant 46 0

42. Rathna Engg. Works 47 0.57

43. Green Air Products 48 0.59

44. Arasan Engg. and Co. 49 & 50 1.206

45. Sri Devi Enterprises 51 0.50

46. Sri Balaji Engg. Co. 52 1.0

47. Emkaay Engg. Works 53 & 54 1.882

48. Emkaay Engg. Works 54 –A 1.082

49. Shri Lakhsmi Agro Foods (P) Ltd. 55 0.4533

50. Vijay Vending 56 0.456

51. Pioneer Retreads 57 0.524

52. Deepak Off Set Printing 58 0.5214

53. Saba Lubricants P Ltd. 59 0.998

54. Southern Boilers & Equipments

(P) Ltd.

60 0.998

55. A.V. Power Green 61 0.998

56. SRS Engg Fabrication 62 0.998

57. Foliage Crop Solutions P Ltd. 63 &64 1.522

58. Foliage Crop Solutions P Ltd. 65 0.524

59. Reena Rubber Works 66 0.524

60. Ksram Industry 67 0.521

61. Southern Thermal Engg Company 68 0.998

62. Muthu Trading Company 69 0.998

63. Sri Venkateswara Hi-Tech Fuels 70 0

64. Bagh Chand Industries 71 0.998

65. Supreme Plasto Containers 72 1.0

66. Sri Jothi Engg. Works 73 0.521

67. Singaram Recyclers 74 0.524

68. Indsri Exports (P) Ltd. 75 & 76 1.243

69. Vacant 77 0

70. Semmathi Engineering 78 0.523

71. Semmathi Engineering 79 0

72. Vacant 80 0

73. Vacant 81 0





74. Annai Engg. Works 82& 85 1.049

75. Ragavendra Plast 83 0.522

76. Fly Brick Industries 84 0.522

77. Brand Print & Packaging Inds. 86 &87 1.048

78. M.S. Electricals 88 0.524

79. Vacant 89 0

80. Vacant 90 0

81. TNEB 91 0

82. Green Industries 92 1.213

83. Sara Brushware Pvt. Ltd. 93 0

84. Matcon Industries 94 0.726

85. Roll Tech Equipments 95 0.4270

86. Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd. - 7.440

87. Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd. - 7.774

Road connectivity is also good in the study area as most of the villages are connected to Cuddalore

and Salem. The National Highway 38 connecting Vellore to Trichy and State Highway 137

connecting Asanur to Tirukoilur, and State Highway connecting Kallakurichi to Koothakudi,

National Highway 68 Ulundurpet and Salem are primary highways criss-crossing the study area.

3.11 Traffic Survey

The traffic survey, to ascertain the traffic density in the study area was conducted on the

junction at the entry to SIDCO premises. The composition of Traffic includes two wheelers,

three wheelers (Goods & Passenger Autos), four wheeler (Passenger Cars) and four wheeler

heavy vehicles like Trucks, Lorries, Bus, etc. The recommended PCU Factors for various

types of vehicles on Urban Roads has been adopted from IRC 106-1990 guidelines as shown

in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads

Types of Vehicles Passenger Car Equivalency (PCE)

Motor Cycle or Scooter (2-Wheeled) 0.75

Passenger Car, Pick-up van 1.0

Auto-rickshaw (3-Wheeled) 2.0

Light Commercial Vehicle 2.0

Truck or Bus 3.7

Bicycle 0.5

Thus,volume of vehicles was estimatedas: PCU unit = No of vehicles* x PCE of those particular

vehicle




Figure 3.10: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey

Traffic study was carried out at 1 node At the junction of SIDCO entrance and the abutting

NH-38 as shown in Figure 3.10.

Node-1

Data was collected by physically counting the number of vehicles plying in both directions

(north&south bound) of NH38 at the entrance point of SIDCO premises – Node 1. The hourly

counts were carried out for the different type/category of vehicles. The variation in the traffic

flow at the given road along with the number of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour is

presented in the Table 3.28and Figure 3.11.

Location: North Bound NH 38

Table 3.28: Traffic Survey, Node I




SN Vehicle Type

During Lean

Hrs. (No. of

vehicles/hr)

During Lean

Hrs.

Vehicles in

PCU’s

During Peak

Hrs. (No. of

vehicles/hr)

During Peak

Hrs. Vehicles

in PCU’s

1 Two Wheelers 40 30 90 68

2 Three Wheelers 5 10 5 10

3 Cars 343 343 326 326

4 Buses 211 781 209 773

5 Trucks/Lorries 2 7 5 19

Total 601 1171 635 1195

Lean Hrs: Before 8.00 hrs (morning), 13.00 to 17.00 hrs afternoon & after 21.00 hrs (evening)

Peak Hrs: Between 8.00 to 13.00 hrs& 17.00 to 21.00 hrs in the evening

Figure 3.11: No’s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour

3.11.1 Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

Capacity of road as per IRC = 2400 PCU’s/hr

Total Volume in PCUs during Peak Hours = 1195

Existing Volume/Capacity ratio = 1195/2400= 0.50

The level of service is “C” that is GOOD.

Table 3.29: Level of Service

During Lean Hours

Vehicles in PCU's

During Peak Hours

Vehicles in PCU's




Sl. No. Existing Volume/Capacity Ratio Level of Services

1 0.0 to 0.2 “A” (Excellent)

2 0.2 to 0.4 “B” (Very Good)

3 0.4 to 0.6 “C” (Good)

4 0.6 to 0.8 “D” (Fair)

5 0.8 to 1.0 “E” (Poor)

During the proposed project an addition of ~ 300 trips per day (i.e. 150 trucks per day to and fro)

of tank trucks is envisaged. To understand that impact due this addition the following modified

scenarios on the access roads is discussed. The Node I is shown in the figure.

3.11.2 Modified Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

150 additional trucks i.e.300 trips assume to enter and exit during peak hrs for the proposed project

(worst case scenario).

Node I: ~150 trucks of 300 additional volume in PCU will be 3.7x300/9 = 124 per hour during

peak hours.

Traffic Flow at Node I

Total volume during peak hours in PCUs after completion of the project (V) = 1195+124 = 1319

Capacity of Road as per IRC (C) = 2400 PCU’s/hr

Modified Existing Volume/Capacity ratio will be (V/C) = 1319/2400 = 0.55. The level of service

of the road will be “C” after the proposed project that is “GOOD”.

The above results indicated that the post project scenarios will contribute to addition in existing

traffic, the level of service will continue to be GOOD. Traffic will continue to run smoothly

without congestion and no widening of road is anticipated.




CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact

Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study several

impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive and

negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of proposed

storage tanks.

The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts

are the ones that are caused directly due to the project activity on environmental attributes, whereas

secondary impacts are indirectly induced.

The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each of

which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes. The

proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:

During construction phase - Temporary or short term impact

During operation phase - May have long term impact

4.2 Impact Assessment

4.2.1 During Construction Phase

Land/Soil Environment

During site preparation the topsoil will be removed from the project site and the approach

road, which contains most of the nutrients and organisms that give soil productivity. This

will in turn result in minor changes of topsoil structure.

Improper disposal of the excavated earth during installation of storage tanks may cause

irreversible negative impacts on land environment

Storage of construction material/chemicals if not done at designated place can cause

nuisance and hazards

Accidental spillage of Hazardous chemicals/oil may lead to soil contamination

Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction phase by

workers dwelling on site

Air Environment

The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to

excavation of soil, leveling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction

equipment’s/vehicles, site clearing and other activities

This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality

specifically during the construction phase




Open burning of solid wastes can cause air pollution

Noise Environment

The proposed project will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the

surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances.

Following activities would result in increase in noise level;

Noise generated from operation of pumps and blower

Noise generated from vehicular movement

Noise generated from DG Set

Nuisance to nearby areas due to noise polluting work at night

Identified Impacts on Water Environment

Increased water demand during construction phase for site preparation, dust spraying,

construction activities, curing, domestic and other water requirements for labour and staff

onsite

Increase in site runoff and sedimentation

Water logging may create unsanitary conditions and mosquito breeding at site

Domestic sewage will be the only source of water pollution.

Un-captured run off from the site.

Ecological Environment

Construction may cause minor disturbance to nearby water birds habitat due to noise and

vibration.

Socio-Economic Environment

The proposed project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for the construction

of terminal.

Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.

A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local

community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials,

repair outlets, hardware stores etc.

Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training skills

like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;

There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure

on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.

The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and

noise due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.




The construction activity could also lead to water logging in mud pockets leading to

breeding of mosquito and related health impacts.

4.2.2 During Operation Phase


Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of hazardous chemicals/oils

Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during operation of the

proposed project

Air Environment

No emission is envisaged during the storage and handling of fuel in storage tank.

No fugitive emission during loading and unloading of oil in and from storage tanks is

envisaged.

Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation

of DG sets only during power outages.

Further, the air environment may have a little negative impact due to increase in storage

capacity which will increase the truck movement for receipt and dispatch of oil.

Noise Environment

Impact of noise due to vehicular traffic

Noise generated due to DG sets

Water Environment

Stress on existing water supply

Generation of waste water

Increased run off from site.


Leakage of products during transportation or due to leakage of pipeline may cause damage

to small reptiles and terrestrial flora and fauna of the surrounding area


Project and associated construction of terminal will eventually lead to permanent job

opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is likely to be increased

demand for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.

Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the Terminal which could

benefit the local population.




4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures

4.3.1 During Construction Phase


Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase

is over so as to restore the fertility of project site.

Considering the criticality of the storage tanks and the other facilities, land development

by an average of 1.5 m has been proposed which will protect the critical equipment from

any surface runoff from nearby catchment areas.

Bituminous materials /any other chemicals shall not be allowed to leach into the soil

Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed

Waste oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved

by CPCB

Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipments

deployed

All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized TSDF

The solid waste generation due to workers dwelling on the site will be segregated and will

be transported and disposed off to waste disposal facility

All the chemicals used during construction phase will be stored safely and shall have proper

bund wall for the maximum volume of chemicals stored

Air Environment

Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission

Standards3

Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained

and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the

emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content

diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2

Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along

unpaved sections of access roads

Appropriate spill control measures and labeling / handling procedures shall be maintained




Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing

greenbelt/ green cover

However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the

existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to

be confined within the limited area.

Noise Environment

No noise polluting work in night shifts

Acoustic enclosures for DG Sets per CPCB guidelines

Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area

Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site

All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase should comply with

the CPCB noise standards4

Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to

daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)

Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any

unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them

Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy

equipment/ pumps/ blowers

Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials

In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures

Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.

Water Environment

Avoidance of wastage of curing water

Use of tanker water for construction activity.

Provision of temporary toilets for labour

Wastewater generated will be recycled

For drainage for the industrial estate and the nearby catchment areas, 8-10 m wide area has

been demarcated by SIDCO for drainage.

RCC retaining walls all around the terminal has been proposed which shall be able to

withstand hydraulic load due to runoff water from the catchment area


As the construction activity is for short period of time and they try to avoid the construction

during winter so the disturbance due to construction is temporary and negligible.

4 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf




Greenbelt plantation will be done after construction.

There is no ecological important area (e.g. National Park, Sanctuary) in the study area so

impact on that area will be ruled out.


Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.

All buildings/tank foundations are being designed as per Seismic Zone III, ie, one zone

higher than the applicable zone for Asanur.

Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,

transportation etc. for the construction workers.

Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet,

hoes, goggles, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.

Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase

of the industry.

The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and

thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.

The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during

specific complaints etc. Health centre and ambulance facility will be provided to the

worker.

Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is

expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage

4.3.2 During Operation Phase


Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion

All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized CHWTSDF

The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily

and then sent to waste management facility.

Air Environment

Installing an internal floating roof tank to minimize evaporation losses of the product being

stored. Class A products shall be stored in internal floating roof tanks to restrict fugitive

emissions and vapour recovery system shall be provided for Class A products

For DG sets ( 2 x 750 kVA and 1 x 500 kVA), stack height of 5.5 m (750 kVA) and 4.5 m

(500 kVA) above roof height shall be provided as per CPCB guidelines to allow effective

dispersion of pollutants

SIL certified instrumentation system with interlocks to prevent any incidences of fire and

in turn pollution shall be provided




Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission

Standards5

Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained

and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the

emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing

greenbelt/ green cover

Noise Environment

Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of

vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.

Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer

Water Environment

The source of fresh water will be 3 bore wells at the project site, which will be dug after

obtaining necessary permission from CGWA.

The sewage generated at the project site shall be treated in a 10 kLD STP

Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and hardscape

area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit

Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of

storm water drainage

In case any open spillage of oil from tank shall lead to Mechanized Oil Water Separator

(OWS) of capacity 100 m3/h, where separated oil send back to storage tank after ensuring

quality of product. The water from OWS will be reused for gardening and dust suppression

in the gantry areas during truck movement, hence there is no adverse impact on receiving

water body


All the transportation trucks shall be leak proof and the driver of goods carriage is trained

in handling the dangers posed during transport of such goods and is aware of safety rules

for transportation of hazardous materials so that the chances of tanker over turning are very

less.

5 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

5 http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf






Both skilled and unskilled local person should be given preference for the jobs in the

operation and maintenance of the Terminal.

4.4 Impact Matrix

The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of project.

Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect relationships

but it is also useful for communicating results.

Matrix method incorporates a list of impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts,

presented in a matrix format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix

allows the identification of cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and

impacts. The impact matrix for the actions identified in Table 4.1 along with various

environmental parameters. A rating scale has been devised to give severity of impacts in the

following manner.

A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term

B. Low beneficial impact – Short term

C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term

D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term

E. No impacts on environment

Table 4.1: Impact Matrix

S.N. Activity

Positive Impact Negative Impact No

Impact Short

Term

Long

Term

Short

Term

Long

Term

Pre-Project Activity

1 Displacement and resettlement

of local people √

2 Change in land use √

3 Cutting of trees/vegetation √

4 Shifting of equipment,

machinery and material √

5 Employment for local people √

Construction Phase

1 Pressure on infrastructure and

transportation system √

2 Impact on air quality including

dust generation √

3 Noise Pollution √

4 Traffic √




5 Impact on the land/soil

environment √

6 Impact on groundwater √

7 Stacking and disposal of

construction material √

8 Impact on water quality √

9 Health and safety conditions of

people √

10 Social impact √

11 Economic impact √

Operation Phase

1 Increase in air pollution and

noise levels √

2 Water harvesting and recharge √

3 Disposal of solid waste √

4 Infrastructure development √

5 Quality of life √

6 Handling operations for transfer,

charging of raw materials, final

product

√




4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table

4.2.

Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impacting Activity Potential Impact

Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source

Contaminants Environment

Health and

Safety

Construction Phase

Camps -

Workforce

Arrangement

Generation of

sewage, organic

wastes, construction

debris etc.

Possible

contamination

of project site

and nearby

water bodies

Potential risk of

respiratory

irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to workers

Local workers will be employed, as

far as possible.

Proper sanitation facilities will be

provided for the workers

There are no temporary shelters

provided because local workers will

be engaged

--

Air Emissions Dust and air

emission

particularly due to

the excavation,

construction and

movement of

vehicles resulting in

air pollution

Rise in RSPM

level at project

site

Potential risk of

respiratory

irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to workers

Barricading sheets shall be provided

Provision of spraying water to reduce

dust emission

Excavated topsoil to be preserved and

reused for landscaping

Ensuring all vehicles, generators and

compressors are shall be maintained

and regularly serviced

CPCB - National

Ambient Air

Quality Standards

Noise

Generation

Construction noise

mainly due to

excavation, Moving

of vehicles,

Rise in decibel

level of ambient

noise

Unwanted sound

can cause

problems within

the body.

The vehicles used will be with the

proper acoustic measures

CPCB - Noise

Pollution

(Regulation and

Control) Rules









Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

operations of cranes

etc.

Excessive noise

pollution in

working areas at

construction sites

can influence

psychological

health viz.

occurrence of

aggressive

behavior,

disturbance of

sleep, constant

stress, fatigue and

hypertension.

Hampered

sleeping pattern

and may lead to

irritation and

uncomfortable

situations.

Wherever this cannot be achieved the

area will be earmarked as high noise

level area requiring use of ear

protection gadgets

Avoid night time work

Soil and

Groundwater

Contamination

Spillage of

concrete mixture

containing

additives and

plasticizers.

All fuel, Liquid Cargo storage will be

sited on an impervious base within a

bund and secured place. The base and

bund walls will be impermeable to the

material stored and of an adequate





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

Spillage of

construction

material

containing heavy

metals, paints,

coatings, liners,

etc.

capacity. Storage at or above roof

level will be avoided

Leaking or empty drums will be

handled as per environment

management plan

Special care will be taken during

deliveries of construction materials,

especially when fuels and hazardous

materials are being handled

Ensure that workers know what to do

in the event of a spillage

Operation Phase

Air Emissions Release of VOC’s

during operational

activities (filling,

withdrawal,

loading/unloading,

tank cleaning and

degassing.)

For storage tanks,

the total emission

of VOC is the

result of two types

of losses:

Contamination

of surface, and

sub-surface

water bodies

during

operational

activities (soil

and

groundwater)

The greater the

variations in

temperature of

Potential risk of

respiratory

irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to

workers

Potential risk of

dermal contact

and inhalation

Above Storage Tanks (ASTs) shall

have a secondary containment area

that will contain spills and allow leaks

to be easily detected

Secondary containment for ASTs

must be impermeable to the materials

being stored. Methods include berms,

dikes, liners, vaults, and double-

walled tanks

A manually controlled sump pump

should be used to collect rain water

that may accumulate in the

US Environment

Protection Agency

Industry Standard

Emission Factors

OISD-STD-112 -

Safe Handling of

Air Hydrocarbon

Mixtures and

Pyrophoric

Substances





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

Breathing/

Standing Losses

and Withdrawal

Losses.

the fuel, the

greater the

potential loss

and the larger

the risk of

contamination

due to

condensation.

containment area of storage tanks.

Any discharge should be inspected for

petroleum or chemicals prior to being

dispensed

Installation of vapour recovery

systems to collect the VOC’s emitted

during transfer process operations.

Equipment for transferring the

product into and out of storage will

consist of aboveground piping,

hoses/loading arms, valves, pumps,

instrumentation and alarms

Installing an internal floating roof

tank to minimize evaporation losses

of the product being stored.

Efficiencies of primary seals may be

improved through the use of weather

shields. Additional controls may be

added through a secondary seal.

Evaporative losses from the floating

roof design are limited to losses from

American

Petroleum Institute

Standards6

OISD-STD-112 -

Safe Handling of

Air Hydrocarbon

Mixtures and

Pyrophoric

Substances7

6 http://www.api.org/publications-standards-and-statistics/standards

7 http://www.oisd.nic.in/#

http://www.api.org/publications-standards-and-statistics/standards

http://www.oisd.nic.in/





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

the seal system and roof fittings

(standing storage loss) and any

exposed liquid on the tank walls

(withdrawal loss).

Using a pressure-ventilated cap can

reduce evaporation losses a further

50% Direct venting of the tank fumes

is restricted until a slight pressure has

built up in the tank.

Having a painted and pressure vented

tank has a 75% vaporation loss

reduction compared to a dark tank.

Placing a painted and pressure vented

tank in the shade will further reduce

the evaporation losses by over 40%.

The roof also helps reduce weathering

of hoses and valves.

Accumulated water in tanks should be

regularly drained off and separated

from the oil which is recoverable,

while the water is sent for treatment.

Wastewater Process waste water

arising from:

Tank Bottom

Draining,

Potential

damage of

tanks due to

increased

Potential risk of

dermal contact

and inhalation

Oil water should be passed through

appropriately selected and designed

oil and grease trap. Traps are designed

to remove some oils and fuels from

American

Petroleum Institute

Standards





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

Tanker vehicle

washing,

Vapour Recovery

Process,

Contaminated storm

water runoff,

Leaks and spills,

etc.

corrosions

from

wastewater in

tanks.

Potential risk

of

contamination

to water

bodies from

wastewater

runoff.

from spill sand

leaks.

water. They do not remove other

pollutants, such as heavy fuel oils,

chemicals or dust.

An API oil-water separator shall also

be used to separate gross amounts of

oil and suspended solids from the

wastewater effluents/storm water

runoff.

Other treatment method such as

reprocessing and emulsion breaking

for treating oil and water waste types;

stabilization, bio-remediation and

sediment washing for oil and

sediments waste types shall be

considered.

Biological treatment or aerobic

biological treatment (activated sludge

or aerated basins) to reduce

wastewater organic carbon (BOD and

COD) load. Biological treatment can

also remove phenolic compounds.

CPCB standards

for waste water

discharge -

Petrochemicals

(Basic and

Intermediates)8

8 http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/402.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/432-1.pdf



http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/402.pdf





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

Hazardous

Materials, Fire

and Explosion

Risk of fire

and explosions

due to the

flammable and

combustible

nature of

petroleum

products.

Risk of leaks

and accidental

releases from

equipment,

tanks, pipes

etc during

loading and

unloading

(handling)

Potential risk of

loss of life or

injury due to fire

Storage equipment should meet

standards for structural design and

integrity.

American Petroleum Institute (API)

Standards are the primary industry

standards by which most aboveground

welded storage tanks are designed,

constructed and maintained. These

standards address both newly

constructed and existing aboveground

storage tanks used in the petroleum,

petrochemical and chemical industries.

The standards prescribe leak detection,

leak prevention, and leak containment

with emphasis on leak or spill detection

and containment.

Specific changes

and additions with

regards to leak or

spill prevention,

detection or

containment have

been made to API

standards most

often used for the

construction and

maintenance of

aboveground

petroleum storage

tanks.

OISD-STD-117 -

Fire Protection

Facilities for

Petroleum Depots,

Terminals, and

Pipeline

Installations and

Lube oil

installations.





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

Hazardous

Waste

Hazardous waste

produced include:

Tank bottom

sludge composed

of residual

product, scale rust,

Sludge from

oil/water

separations

systems, Spill

cleanup material

Contaminated

equipment and

protective clothing

Pigging waste

Risk of site

contamination

from hazardous

waste and

Risk of

contamination

to water bodies.

Dewatering technologies can be used

to significantly reduce the volume of

sludge..

After a solidification process it can be

transported to and disposed of at an

appropriately designated landfill and

incineration site9.

A Spill Response Plan shall be

prepared, and the capability to

implement the plan should be in place.

The Spill Response Plan should

address potential oil, chemical, and

fuel spills from facilities, transport

vehicles, loading and unloading

operations, pipeline ruptures, and

proximity of water bodies and other

festive receptors.

Conduct a spill risk assessment for the

facilities and design, drilling, process,

and utility systems to reduce the risk

of major uncontained spills.

OISD-GDN-200 -

Guidelines For

Preparation Of Oil

Spill Response

Contingency Plan

OISD-STD-114 -

Safe Handling of

Hazardous

Chemicals

9 TSDF with Secured Landfill Facility and Common Incinerator Facility at M/s Madhya Pradesh Waste Management Project (Division of Ramky Enviro Engineers

Ltd.) Plot No. 104 - Industrial Area No.-II, Pithampur, Dist- Dhar 454 775 (M.P.) http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/hwmd/Information_TSDF.pdf

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/hwmd/Information_TSDF.pdf





Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice

Guidelines

Environment/

Social

Attribute

Source


Health and

Safety

Conduct a Hazard Risk Assessment

using Internationally-accepted

methodologies such as Hazardous

Operations Analysis (HAZOP),

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

(FMEA), and Hazard Identification

(HAZID). The management actions

should be included in a Hazardous

Material Management Plan.

Shutdown valves shall be installed to

allow early shutdown or isolation in

the event of a spill; Develop

automatic shutdown actions through

an emergency shutdown system for

significant spill scenarios so that the

facility may be rapidly brought into a

safe condition.

Ensure adequate personnel training in

oil spill, prevention, containment and

response.

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at

SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State


The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Overall Matrix

4.6 Conclusion

From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed project activity at Asanur, Tamil Nadu

shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features, water, noise and air environment.

The proposed project shall generate additional indirect employment and indirect service sector

enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-liftmen of the local area as well

as the state.




CHAPTER 5. PROJECT BENEFITS

5.1 Project Benefits

The Proposed project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which is as mentioned

below:

Terminal will be set up on barren land; hence no displacement of people is required.

Substantial Socio-economic benefits.

Good Techno-commercial viability.

Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available from local

population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction and Operational

phase.

There will be employment opportunity for local people during construction and operation phase.

Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project.

Critical analyses of the existing socio-economic profile of the area indicate that the impact of the

Project is expected to be of varying nature. The following are the impacts predicted.

Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals.

Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to the

project.

5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure

The project will improve supply position of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Motor Spirit (MS), Bio-

Diesel and Ethanol in Tamil Nadu state which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the

quality of life. Delivery distance by tankers, which in turn will reduce trucks on the road the vehicular

load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution

at local levels and also reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank

trucks.

Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical infrastructures

like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure

IOCL POL terminal shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social

Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system etc.

5.4 Employment Potential

The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories.

The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during

construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities. During operation phase

also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service sector, although its magnitude will be

much less.

The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist

mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs

to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.




5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development

IOCL not only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The unit

is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will employ

semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far as possible.

Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local

contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. The Project Proponents will

contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in and will carry out

various activities in nearby villages.

Moreover, unit has planned to carry out various activities for the up-liftment of poor people, welfare

of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages and therefore ,

during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by statutory norms every

year towards CSR activities. The various CSR activities in accordance with the Corporate planned at

present by the unit is described below;

Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on government barren

land/common plots

Education aids and scholarship to poor students

Organize medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the health

facilities

Financial support and assistance for the development and maintenance of the infrastructure

facilities

Participate and contribute in local religious and social programs

Organize various types of training program for the community like training on scientific

agricultural practices, educational training, training for tailoring, embroidery, etc. which ultimately

helpful for income generation

Organize various types of awareness program for the community like awareness on the child labor,

educational promotion etc.

The activities listed above are not limited to and IOCL will plan and perform other activities according

to the need of local community in future. The utilization of this fund in various areas with time bound

action plan will be decided based on the requirement of the local community.

Table 5.1: Summary of CSR activities

Sr No Description Amount (In Lakhs)

1 School Infrastructure around Asanur 104.00

2 Health Care Infrastructure – List from DC 217.71

3 RCC Road for SIDCO Industrial Estate (MSE

users)

510.00

Total 831.71




5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer

This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of taxes

etc. Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of

registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from associated

units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes from time to time,

which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area.

5.7 Other Tangible Benefits

Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are described

above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like

Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding

Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting

Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity

Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.

Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living

Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order

Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective




CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

6.1 Introduction

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted impacts and

mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines the mitigation,

monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid

or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures.

The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during developmental

activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.

The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and

socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could otherwise

give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures

Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action

Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully

met

The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental monitoring,

an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore, environmental

management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental activities.

6.2 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy of IOCL

Indian Oil Corporation is committed to conduct business with strong environment conscience ensuring

sustainable development, safe workplaces and enrichment of quality of life of Employees, Customers

and the Community. We, at Indian Oil, believe that good S,H&E performance is an integral part of

efficient and profitable business management. We shall:

Establish and maintain good standards for safety of the people, the processes and the assets.

Comply with all Rules and Regulations on Safety, Occupational Health and Environmental

Protection.

Plan, design, operate and maintain all facilities, processes and procedures to secure sustained

Safety, Health and Environmental Protection.

Remain trained, equipped and ready for effective and prompt response to accidents and

emergencies.

Welcome audit of our S, H&E conduct by external body, so that stakeholder confidence is

safeguarded.

Adopt and promote industry best practices to avert accidents and improve our S, H&E

performance.

Remain committed to be a leader in Safety, Occupational Health and Environmental Protection

through continuing improvement.

Make efforts to preserve ecological balance and heritage.

Maintain accurate and up-to-date health records or, as the case may be, medical records, of the

workers in the factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances




which are manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records shall be accessible to

the workers subject to such conditions as may be prescribed.

Provide for Medical Examination of every worker before such worker is assigned to a job

involving the handling of, or working with a hazardous substance and while continuing in such

job, and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals not exceeding 12 months, in such

manner as may be prescribed.

All Indian Oil refinery Units have well equipped Occupational Health Centres.

Doctors and paramedics are specially trained to monitor the health of employees working in

hazardous areas.

At locations where these facilities are not available, employees’ health check-up is carried out

through retainer doctors.

The employees are regularly exposed to training programmes in work-related hazards and ways

and means of protection from such hazards. One recent programme organized under the

SCOPE (Standing conference of Public Enterprises) covered subjects like :

Prevention of Occupational Cancers and Musculo-skeletal disorders,

Protection of employees from mental illness

Industrial Hygiene – its role in providing Safe and Healthy Workplace

Ergonomics

Construction Safety. Etc.

Various media of Communication like House Journals, Posters, Video Films, etc. are

extensively used for creating awareness.

Pre-employment medical examinations are undertaken for selecting right person for the job.

Personnel working in hazardous areas are subjected to periodical medical examination to study

the effects of hazards.

Educational programmes are being regularly organized. Some of these programmes are:

Awareness on occupational health hazards.

Management of Fatigue at Workplace

Control of Lifestyle Disorders

First Aid.

Art of living.

Cancer prevention and detection program

Heart care program

At all major locations and wherever feasible, Indian oil has nominated reputed Hospitals for

providing medical aid and examination of its employees.

Corporate Occupational Health Manual has been developed and is being periodically reviewed,

for strengthening and uniform working of Occupational Health services across the Corporation.

In house compilation and publication of four Health manuals as an attempt to create awareness

about key issues on prevention of work related stress, to improve employees’ physical health

and prevention of lifestyle disorders with the help of balance nutrition:-

“Managing Stress and Health at Workplace”

"Guidelines on Healthy Lifestyle, Nutrition and Occupational Health"

"Happiness & Wellbeing at Workplace"

"Home remedies for common ailments"




Blood Donation camps are periodically organized at various locations.

Drinking water potability tests carried out at various locations

Periodical auditing of systems, procedures and facilities relating to Occupational Health and

Hygiene at locations by qualified persons including a member from other units is carried out.

Guidelines developed for maintenance and upkeep of Canteens in Indian oil Corporation.

Nutritional Evaluation Audit (Health & Hygiene) of Canteens and Guest House Kitchens of

Indian oil Corporation. Areas of improvement identified and improved upon.

As a part of Swatch Bharat Abhiyan maintenance of Hygiene Index of all Canteens / Kitchens

of Indian oil establishments is being maintained and the Hygiene Index prominently displayed.

Workshops on Management of Food Safety, Health & Hygiene at IOCL Locations are

organized for Administration/HR Officers in charge of Canteens and Guest Houses.

These Workshops helped the participants to be better equipped with necessary information,

create increased awareness and clarify all the points in checklist(s) issued for maintenance of

Food Safety, Health & Hygiene at IOCL locations and also has created a substantial awareness

among the participants regarding the Health and Hygiene issues involved in the upkeep of

industrial Canteens/Kitchens.

“Workshops on Stress Management at Workplace” are organized for Indian oil Executives to

improve their productivity, their quality of life and have a perfect Work Life Balance.

Indian Oil Corporation is the first corporate in India to launch "Project Happiness & Well Being

for our employees & “Workshops on happiness & Wellbeing at Workplace” are organized for

Indian oil Executives to enhance happiness at workplace.

6.2.1 Hierarchy for HSE

IOCL has a dedicated HSE department which is equipped with an online accident/incident reporting

portal. Any violations/ non-compliances will be reported through the system and is forwarded to the

next level in the hierarchy and is frequently monitored to ensure compliance.

Figure 6.1: Hierarchy for HSE

Location In charge

State Head

Region HSE Head

Head Office HSE Head

(Marketing Division)

Corporate HSE




6.3 EMP during Construction Phase

Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period during

the construction activity. Construction should be planned in such a way that excavated material should

be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities should preferably be employed from

nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.

Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction activity.

The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for implementation

by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.

6.3.1 Air Environment

During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the heavy machineries deployed

for construction. All other emission sources are intermittent. Though the gaseous emissions are not

expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic measures to reduce

fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase from point area and line sources

shall include the following:

All equipment used during construction should have valid PUC certificate.

The storage and handling of soil, sub-soils, top-soils and materials will be carefully managed to

minimize the risk of windblown material and dust

To avoid generation of air borne dust, water sprinkling should do.

There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any construction activities

All vehicles delivering construction materials or removing soil will be covered to prevent escape

of dust

Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust

emissions do not exceed statutory limits and that all vehicles and equipment are maintained in

accordance with manufactures’ manuals. Periodic monitoring of this shall be undertaken to ensure

compliance

Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a

sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by CPCB.

6.3.2 Noise Environment

The following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on

noise environment during construction phase:

Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels should be used

Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be undertaken

Onsite workers should be provided with noise protection devices such as ear plugs/ muffs wherever

necessary

Periodic monitoring for the noise levels within the project site and along the outside project

boundary shall be undertaken to ensure compliance per CPCB set standards




6.3.3 Water Environment

Drinking water requirements during the construction phase by the contractors should be met from

proposed bore wells on site. Construction labourers should be provided with adequate quantity of

drinking water of potable quality.

Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities should be provided in order to maintain hygienic

conditions in the camps of construction labourers. The wastes, such as, sanitary wastes should be

treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits of appropriate size and technology.

The solid waste generated should be collected and disposed in an appropriate manner either at a landfill

site or used as compost for agricultural uses. Area for maintenance of vehicles should be so located

that contamination of groundwater by accidental spillage of oil can be prevented.

6.3.4 Land Environment

On completion of construction works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes should

be completely removed. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land should be prohibited

and stockpiles should be provided with gentle slopes.

The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil, diesel containers or any other non-biodegradable

wastes that have leachable constituents should be disposed to authorized recyclers.

A waste management plan should be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the

commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural vegetation is

of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil compaction caused

due to operation of heavy machinery.

6.3.5 Biological Environment

The region does not have dense vegetation and land use is dominated by agriculture activities.

Following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on

biological environment during construction phase:

Plantation should commence at the time site clearing is being undertaken

Number of trees replanted should be at least two times of trees removed

Native species must be planted

6.3.6 Socio-economic Environment

Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent on local

resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely impact on

infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the high traffic

emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme should be developed to

avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads.

Local persons will get employment during Construction phase.




6.3.7 Health and Safety

The movement of heavy equipment should be done with proper precaution to prevent any accidents

on the road. Occupational risk should be minimized at the project site through implementation of

a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with 20 km/hr on village roads

to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.

Safety training should be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment. Security

should also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access to the

machinery and equipment.

The contractors should also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable

diseases. All contract labors should be vaccinated. All illness and incidents shall be reported and

recorded.

6.4 EMP during Operation

In order to mitigate the impacts due to proposed project/ facility on various environmental components,

the following environmental management measures are recommended:

6.4.1 Air Environment

Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring shall be

continued at appropriate locations in the impact zone

To minimize occupational exposure/hazards, the present practice of using personal protective

facilities like helmets, safety (gas) mask/safety dress, shoes etc. be ensured for all workers, engaged

in operation of process units within the facility complex

Stacks of adequate height (CPCB norms) for DG Sets to ensure adequate dispersal of pollutants

will be provided.

Waste oil will not be incinerated and will be sold to MoEF/TNPCB authorized waste oil recyclers

All access roads (internal as well as external) to be used by the project authorities will be paved

(either with Concrete, Paver Blocks or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the roads

6.4.2 Noise Environment

Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure

practicably low noise levels within the work environment.

The major areas of concern for noise generation will be adequately addressed by considering it

during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation stage. Further

feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to ensure that the

impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized

Monitor job and location specific noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations by verifying

acceptability of noise levels caused by the project activities and comparison with noise criteria

Conduct periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such as

compressors, DG sets, etc

Provision of PPE’s will be done and their proper usage will be ensured for eardrum protection of

the workers as well as visitors

Acoustic barriers and silencers should be used in equipment wherever necessary




Sound proofing/ glass panelling should be provided at critical operating stations/ control rooms,

etc

Monitoring of ambient noise levels should also be carried out regularly both inside the facility area

as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt

6.4.3 Water Environment

Mechanized Oil Water Separator (OWS) System

A holding tank of 200m3 will be provided to receive following streams:

Storm water streams potentially contaminated by oil

Tank Cleaning

Waste Water generated periodically from fire drills and fire fighting in case of accident.

This tank will then be connected to OWS with a capacity of 100 m3/hr. The oil free water should then

be used for green belt development to the extent possible.

Additionally, for domestic sewage, 10 kLD Sewage Treatment Plant will be provided. The treated

sewage will be used for irrigating the green belt.

There will be no disposal of untreated water on land.

6.4.4 Land Environment

Every precaution should be taken to avoid spillage of oils and other petroleum products on soils to

protect groundwater and to avoid any danger to other soil microbial groups which are sensitive to

oil pollution

Oil is a potential hazardous substance present in wastes generated from facility. Special care has

to be taken in all oil removal operations. OWS Sludge will be sent to authorized HWTSDF.

Greenbelt in and around the facility may be strengthened/maintained

A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be

maintained at environmental monitoring cell

Solid/ Hazardous Waste Management

Tank bottom sludge is generated while cleaning of oil storage tanks. The cleaning of oil storage

tanks is done once in five years as per practice of Oil Industry.

Total tank bottom sludge thus generated is kept in secured, covered impermeable sludge pit located

within POL terminal at a central place earmarked for the purpose prior to safe disposal through

MoEF&CC/ State PCB approved registered recycler.

Used oil, grease and empty drums shall be disposed of through registered vendors as per Handling

of Waste Material and Transboundary Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendment




6.4.5 Biological Environment

Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to their

capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for providing food

and habitat for local micro fauna.

6.4.6 Socio-economic Environment

In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed project and also to maintain good

will of local people, it is necessary to take steps for improving the social environment. Necessary social

welfare measures by the industry shall be useful in gaining public confidence and meet local area

development requirement. The following measures are suggested:

IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality of Life

of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies

Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may be

taken up

Regular medical checkup shall be continued on routine basis in the villages around the facility and

also by providing mobile hospital services

Formal and informal training to provide direct and indirect employment to the affected villagers

due to the project shall be taken up on priority

Focus shall be on literacy program in collaboration with local government and emphasis will be

placed on female literacy. Wherever feasible awareness on improved agricultural practices for

increased utilization of land around will be taken up in collaboration with local government &

panchayat

6.5 Action Plan for Greenbelt Development

6.5.1 Development of Green Belt

The greenbelt development plan aims at overall improvement in the environmental conditions of the

region. The plan is developed with following objectives.

Prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase

Enhancing the forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region

Providing aesthetic value to the project area

Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area

Combating soil erosion

A detailed survey was conducted with respect to existing forest types, vegetation diversity and density

etc. In the project area for development of greenbelt around project components. The greenbelt plan

has been formulated considering the parameters such as climate, soil types etc. Greenbelt around

project location will attenuate dust emission and noise during construction. Layout plan for green belt

development showing 33% of the total plot is shown in Figure 6.2.

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet

Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State


Figure 6.2: Layout plan for Green Belt Development




Suggestions Regarding the Plantation-process

Pits measuring approximately 2’x2’x2’ may be dug where the soil is reasonably deep, and, pits

measuring approximately 3’x3’x3’ where the soil is shallow or gravelly. Expose the pits to direct

sunlight for about 15 days.

If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80% site-soil + 20% composted cow-

dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake and leaf-litter, grass or agricultural residue may be added. If the soil

at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil + 35% fertile soil (from an external source) +

30% composted cow-dung. Neem-cake and other organic matter may be added as in the previous

instance.

Saplings should ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The saplings would need to be watered

once the rains cease.

Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as bamboo and grass around the

growing saplings is recommended in the summer, to help the plants withstand the hot sun.

Nursery Development

Nurseries would be developed with 6 to 8 seedlings per Sq. meter for potted plants. On an average

range to 1.5 acres of land is required for nursery development. Nursery saplings would be developed

for species such as Annona squamosa, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Albizzia lebbek,

Azadirachta indica and Cocos nucifera. Methods like seed sowing and grafting shall be adopted.

Vermiculture Development and Usage

Vermicompost is natural organic manure and its chemical composition is much more superior to

compost made either in conventional composting pits or by bacterial decomposition. Vermicompost

consists of humus, which is the basic building block of fertile soil. It contains all essential macro and

micronutrients for plants in readily available form due to which plants are able to easily absorb them.

Vermicompost is prepared with the aid of earthworms. Vermicompost pits shall be developed and

biodegradable waste from NTPL premises shall be utilized for manure production.

General Guidelines Regarding the Plantation-plan

The original topography and vegetation of the site must be retained, that newly-planted saplings may

get the benefit of their natural micro-climate and may survive with relatively less inputs.

Soil from the site should be used for the plantation, as far as possible, and supplemented with external

nutrients only where necessary.

Chemical fertilizers or pesticides must be avoided, as they reduce soil-quality and integrity, as also,

the food/medicinal value of plants. Locally available leaf-litter, grass-cuttings, agricultural residue,

compost or other organic material may be used as supplementary plant-nutrients.

Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting or mowing it for mulch. This would

leave behind a seed-bank to flourish in the next growing-season, providing a natural source of mulch

for the following year.




Burning of land must be avoided, as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation,

amphibians, reptiles and ground-nesting birds.

Dumping of waste on the soil must be avoided. Non-biodegradable waste must be carefully collected

and safely disposed. Biodegradable waste should be collected and processed, that it may be used to

enrich the site-soil.Water-saving practices, such as drip-irrigation and mulching, are recommended.

Prediction of Enhancement of Biodiversity

On successful implementation of EBMP, diversity of region is expected to be increased. Plantation is

proposed over 5 ha along the plant periphery. The proposed density of plant will be 4 no/100m2.

Planting trees in denser manner will lead to survival competition between individuals and may not

serve the purpose of greenbelt development. Hence total number of plants proposed over 5 ha will be

2,000. Overall 13 native tree species have been suggested for plantation. The present scenario of zone

I and zone II is summarized in table below.

Table 6.1: Scenario of zone I and zone II

Zone I Zone II

Margalef Index 6.93 6.51

Shannon Index 2.75 2.71

Simpson Index 0.86 0.77

Evenness 0.66 0.66

The calculation of estimated diversity indices could be drawn as follows. The diversity indices are

calculated on per hectare basis.

Density of plantation will be 4 plants per 100m2, hence overall density will be 400 plants per hectare.

To avoid monoculture formation, following plantation layout is proposed. Diversity indices can be

derived from number of trees proposed to be planted.




Mangifera indica, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica,

Terminalia arjuna, Peltophorum pterucarpum, Pongamia pinnata, Samanea saman,

Dalbergia sissoo, Butea monosperma, Tamarindus indica, Albizzia procera,

Albizzia lebbeck, Bauhinia purpurea, B. racemosa, B. variegate,

Bombax ceiba, Salmalia malabarica, Syzigium cumini, Tectona grandis,

Cassia fistula, Butea monosperma, Tamarindus indica, Peltophorum pterucarpum

Dalbergia sissoo, Butea monosperma, Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica

Bauhinia purpurea, Cassia fistula, Azadiracta indica, Pongamia pinnata

Ficus religiosa, Syzigium cumini, Bombax ceiba, Salmalia malabarica

The given layout represents plantation scheme of one hectare. Each block represents 100m2 area. As

described earlier 4 plants are recommended in 100 m2 area. Hence, combinations of species to be

planted in each block are given in this table. Based on this layout proposed diversity of greenbelt in

future can be calculated. According to suggested plan species composition of each hectare will be as

follows.

Table 6.2: Suggested Trees & Shrubs

Trees Shrubs

Acacia nilotica Acacia catechu

Alstonia scholaris Acacia pennata

Anona squamosa Linn. Calotropis gigantean

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Calotropis procera

Barringtonia racemosa Citrus limon

Bauhinia variegata Clerodendrum inerme

Buchanania lanzan Spreng Duranta repens

Caesalpinia pulcherrima Murraya paniculata

Cordia dichotoma Nerium indicum

Callistemon citrinus Ricinus communis

Casuarina equisetifolia Tabernaemontona divaricata

Derris indica Thuja occidentalis

Drypetes roxburghii

Ficus religiosa

Mimusopes hexandra

Pithecellobtum ducle

Peltophorum pterocarpum

Zizyphus xylopyra

Prediction of enhancement of bio-diversity after plantation of these plants is explained in following

section.

Margalef Index of the region will increase to 8.3 in both zones. Shannon Index of the region will

increase to 3.82 in both zones. Simpson Index of the region will increase to 0.97 in both zones.

Evenness of species will increase to 0.96. Comparative analysis of increase in various indices is given

in following figures.




6.6 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management

The expenditure will be incurred by IOCL on environmental Matters is given in

Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Expenditure on Environmental Management

SN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

CAPITAL

EXPENDITURE

(IN CRORES)

RECURRING

EXPENDITURE

(IN CRORES)

1 Emission Control and Engineering (IFR,

Viper seal, PV valves & Flame arrestor)

5.92 0.15

2 Vapour Recovery unit 8.00 0.40

3 Solar Power System 7.5 0.12

4 Solid Waste Management (Sludge Tank) 1.42 0.04

5 Green Belt Development 0.5 0.12

6 Process Safety Facilities AOPS, Safety

PLC, HCD, Radar gauge etc)

11.50 0.58

7 Fire water storage/ FH system & Funds for

HSE

34.52 0.86

8 Lab Equipments and Monitoring Cell 0.09 0.01

Margalef Index Shannon Index

Simpson Index Evenness




SN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

CAPITAL

EXPENDITURE

(IN CRORES)

RECURRING

EXPENDITURE

(IN CRORES)

9 Health Chek up & safety Training for TT

Crew/Contract Workers

0.00 0.06

10 Mechanized ETP 0.70 0.02

11 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 0.07 0.01

12 Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) 0.25 0.01

TOTAL 71.47 2.51

It is expected that IOCL shall incur approximate capital expenditure of about INR 71.47 Crores and

an annual recurring expenditure of about INR 2.51 Crores, at current price on environmental

management.

6.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Introduction

Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is just

the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The resource

management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-economical point of view

while environmental management views the issue from the broader prospective of long term sustained

development option, which ensures that the environment is not desecrated.

For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring

programme should be carried at the Asanur terminal.

The programme should include the following:

Environmental Monitoring

Personnel Training

Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures

Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other

records

Environmental Monitoring

Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the post

period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the

following aspects.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and

thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.




The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, have

been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in CHAPTER 3. Post study

monitoring programme have been summed up in

Table 6.4.

Table 6.4: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program

Area of

Monitoring

Number and

Sampling locations

Frequency of

Sampling

Parameters to be Analyzed

Ambient Air

Quality

1 station within

premises and 1

location outside of

premises

Once in three

months.

PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, HC,

VOCs and other parameters as

specified by TNPCB consents

Stack monitoring of

DG Set

Once in three

months

SO2, NOx and other parameters

as specified by TNPCB consents

Water 1 Ground water

sample within the

terminal

Twice in a year Physical and Chemical

parameters

Bacteriological parameters

Heavy metals and toxic

constituents

Inlet and Outlet at

OWS

Daily when in

operation

Parameters as specified in

TNPCB consents

Surface water 1 location Quarterly Parameters as specified in

TNPCB consents

Noise Within 2 location, 1

within the premises

and 1 in nearby

village

Twice in a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq)

during day and night times.

Solid Waste Records of generation

of used drums, bags

and

records of their

dispatch to suppliers

for refilling

Daily --

Records of generation

of waste oils and their

treatment

Daily --




Area of

Monitoring

Number and

Sampling locations

Frequency of

Sampling

Parameters to be Analyzed

Records of

generation, handling,

storage,

transportation and

disposal of other

solid, aqueous

and organic

hazardous wastes as

required by

hazardous waste

authorization

Daily --

Environmental

Audit

Environmental

statement under the

EP (Act) 1986

Once in a year --

6.7.1 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality at the Terminal site should be carried out on a regular basis to

ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air quality shall be monitored as per

Table 6.4.

6.7.2 Surface Water Quality

Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There are

no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of surface

water in the vicinity of Terminal area during the operation is possible only in one form.

i. Contamination of rain water passing through the Terminal.

Surface water near the Terminal area should be generally sampled as per the above table.

6.7.3 Ground Water Quality

Ground water quality is also required to be checked periodically to detect any contamination arising

out of terminal. Ground water near the terminal area and nearby villages should be generally sampled

twice in a year and analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters, including heavy

metals and trace elements.

6.7.4 Soil Quality

Soil samples close to the Terminal shall be collected as per above table. The samples should be

analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as well as organic and nutrient content and heavy




metals. This would help to detect any contamination or buildup of harmful or toxic elements due to

leachate from the pollutants.

6.7.5 Noise Level

Ambient noise levels should be monitored at 2 locations inside and outside the Terminal in pre-

monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for day time and night time Leq.

6.8 Environmental Management Cell

The persons-in-charge of the terminal with the assistance of operation and maintenance engineers at

respective stations presently look after environmental management.

Technical officers of the terminal station shall regularly carry out the following:

Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.

Systematic and routine housekeeping at the terminal station.

Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to

improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavor, the IOCL has been accredited with national

and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this following

aspects are covered.

Reviewing the whole operation of terminal, once in every two years, to identify the

environmental aspects.

Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment

management.

Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of

personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management functions.

Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at terminal site.

Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at terminal through an external agency

approved by SPCBs.




CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation

According to the provision of notification No.SO 1533 (E) Dated 14-09-2006 and the procedure

prescribed therein the TNPCB conducted the Public Consultation for the proposal of M/s Indian Oil

Corporation Limited for Greenfield Petroleum Storage & Distribution Terminal at Sy No. 354(4) (Pt),

Village: Asanur, Tehsil: Ulunderpet and District: Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. The Public Notice

informing the conducting of the Public Hearing meeting was published on 12.10.2017 in two

Newspapers, viz. “The New Indian Express”, English Daily and “Dinamani”, Tamil Daily. The public

hearing meeting for the above said project was conducted on 16.11.2017 and headed by the District

Revenue Officer, Villupuram District, within the premises of M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited,

(Southern Region Pipeline- Pumping Station), Plot No. 107, SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur (NH-

38, Near KM Stone 211), Asanur P.O., Ulundurpet Taluk, Villupuram District. Following concerns

were discussed at the Public Hearing and below are the responses to the concerns raised as mentioned

in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Concerns raised and Responses at Public Hearing

SN Questions and Queries raised by the public Responses to Questions & Queries

raised

1 Valasai village is around three kilometers from

the proposed IOCL Terminal. This area is the

drain for around 15 lakes and the catchment area

for Valasai Eri is just started from 20 meters from

the proposed IOCL Terminal and having nearly

100 acres catchment area. The construction of

compound wall by IOCL will definitely bypass

the watercourse and the same will be flowing

towards the lake near Valasai where the Asanur

lake drain is also joining in that place. During

heavy rains, the water flows like a river and if the

same is bypassed by compound wall, the entire

water will enter into the lake near Valasai Village

which is around 15 meters down from this

meeting place, where around 4000 people will be

put to severe Hardships in case of any breach in

the lake.

M/s. IOCL authorities reported that

SIDCO had relocated/re-allotted the

land leaving the watercourse area to

ensure the free flow water in the rainy

season. They said that they met the

Superintending Engineer, SIDCO at

Chennai and they have discussed the

issue of drain and they assured that they

will provide a drainage system for free

flow of water to flow towards the lake

and they will take all precautionary

measures for the safety of the village.

2 They also insisted the employment opportunities

to the local people from the above proposed

project.

While responding to the above question

by IOCL, the official of IOCL said that

no direct employment will be offered

and the vacancies for the different post

will be filled either through Press




SN Questions and Queries raised by the public Responses to Questions & Queries

raised

release advertisement by the

department or through

Employment Exchange only. However,

opportunities are there for indirect

employment during construction stage

as the workers could be taken from

local villages only though the

Contractor may be from outside such as

Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi or Chennai

3 If compound wall is constructed and the

watercourse is

bypassed, the tiny MSME units will be affected

The project proponent M/s. IOCL has

assured that all these factors will be

taken into consideration before laying

the compound wall and necessary

storm water drain and other safety

Facilities would be laid.

4 In case of any oil leak from this Terminal, the

same will affect around 1300 acres of land which

also should be taken care while construction. M/s.

Indian Oil Corporation Limited should

take all necessary safety and other precautions

before construction of compound wall

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited

said that flooring inside the dyke wall

will be an impervious one and more

over there are two layers of plastic like

material will be placed and the flooring

will be laid over the sheet. In the event

of an oil leak, the

oil will not reach the earth and the same

will be collected in the sheet and taken

to the oil-water separator chamber and

separated through the mechanized ETP

(OWS) of 100 kL/h capacity

7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Study

7.2.1 Introduction

M/s. IOCL intends to conduct Risk Analysis study for the POL Storage terminal proposed to be

constructed at Asanur, Villupuram District in Tamil Nadu to assess the risk associated with loss of

containment of the products proposed to be stored. This scope was awarded to Ultra-Tech

Environmental Consultancy and accordingly risk analysis and quantitative risk assessment study has

been carried out to provide a better understanding of the risk posed to the plant and surrounding

population. The consequences & Risk estimation modeling was conducted using PHASTRISK

(Version 6.7) software developed by DNV GL.




7.2.2 Scope of the Study

The scope of the QRA is given below:

Identification of Hazards and Major Loss of Containment (LOC) events.

Calculation of physical effects of accidental scenarios, which includes frequency analysis for

incident scenarios leading to hazards to people and facilities (flammable gas, fire, and smoke,

explosion overpressure and toxic gas hazards) and consequence analysis for the identified hazards

covering impact on people and potential escalation.

Damage limits identification and quantification of the risks and contour mapping on the plant

layout.

Risk contour mapping.

Evaluation of risks against risk acceptable limit

Risk reduction measures to prevent incident to control the accident

Hazard mitigation recommendations based on QRA

7.2.3 Quantitative Risk Analysis Methodology

An Overview

Risk Analysis is proven valuable as a management tool in assessing the overall safety performance of

the Chemical Process Industry. Although management systems such as engineering codes, checklists,

and reviews by experienced engineers have provided substantial safety assurances, major incidents

involving numerous casualties, injuries and significant damage can occur - as illustrated by recent

world-scale catastrophes. Risk Analysis techniques provide advanced quantitative means to

supplement other hazard identification, analysis, assessment, control and management methods to

identify the potential for such incidents and to evaluate control strategies.

The underlying basis of Risk Analysis is simple in concept. It offers methods to answer the following

four questions:

1. What can go wrong?

2. What are the causes?

3. What are the consequences?

4. How likely is it?

This study tries to quantify the risks to rank them accordingly based on their severity and probability.

The report should be used to understand the significance of existing control measures and to follow

the measures continuously. Wherever possible the additional risk control measures should be adopted

to bring down the risk levels. The methodology adopted for the QRA Study has been depicted in the

Flow chart given below:




Risk Assessment Procedure

Figure 7.1: Methodology

Hazard identification and risk assessment involves a series of steps as follows:

Step 1: Identification of the Hazard

Based on consideration of factors such as the physical & chemical properties of the fluids being

handled, the arrangement of equipment, operating & maintenance procedures and process conditions,

external hazards such as third party interference, extreme environmental conditions, aircraft /

helicopter crash should also be considered.

Step 2: Assessment of the Risk

Arising from the hazards and consideration of its tolerability to personnel, the facility and the

environment, this involves the identification of initiating events, possible accident sequences, and

likelihood of occurrence and assessment of the consequences. The acceptability of the estimated risk

must then be judged based upon criteria appropriate to the particular situation.




Step 3: Elimination or Reduction of the Risk

Where this is deemed to be necessary, this involves identifying opportunities to reduce the likelihood

and/or consequence of an accident.

Hazard Identification is a critical step in Risk Analysis. Many aids are available, including

experience, engineering codes, checklists, detailed process knowledge, equipment failure experience,

hazard index techniques, What-if Analysis, Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies, Failure Mode

and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). In this phase all potential

incidents are identified and tabulated. Site visit and study of operations and documents like drawings,

process write-up etc. are used for hazard identification.

Assessment of Risks

The assessment of risks is based on the consequences and likelihood. Consequence Estimation is the

methodology used to determine the potential for damage or injury from specific incidents. A single

incident (e.g. rupture of a pressurized flammable liquid tank) can have many distinct incident

outcomes (e.g. Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion (UVCE), flash fire.

Likelihood assessment is the methodology used to estimate the frequency or probability of occurrence

of an incident. Estimates may be obtained from historical incident data on failure frequencies or from

failure sequence models, such as fault trees and event trees. In this study the historical data developed

by software models and those collected by CPR18E – Committee for Prevention of Disasters,

Netherlands (Edition: PGS 3, 2005) are used.

Risk Assessment combines the consequences and likelihood of all incident outcomes from all selected

incidents to provide a measure of risk. The risks of all selected incidents are individually estimated

and summed to give an overall measure of risk.

Risk-reduction measures include those to prevent incidents (i.e. reduce the likelihood of occurrence)

to control incidents (i.e. limit the extent & duration of a hazardous event) and to mitigate the effects

(i.e. reduce the consequences). Preventive measures, such as using inherently safer designs and

ensuring asset integrity, should be used wherever practicable. In many cases, the measures to control

and mitigate hazards and risks are simple and obvious and involve modifications to conform to

standard practice. The general hierarchy of risk reducing measures is:

Prevention (by distance or design)

Detection (e.g. fire & gas, Leak detection)

Control (e.g. emergency shutdown & controlled depressurization)

Mitigation (e.g. firefighting and passive fire protection)

Emergency response (in case safety barriers fail)




7.2.4 Hazard Identification

Identification of Hazards and Release Scenarios

A technique commonly used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major

releases from fractures of all process pipelines and vessels. This compilation includes all pipe work

and vessels in direct communication, as these may share a significant inventory that cannot be isolated

in an emergency. The following data were collected to envisage scenarios:

Composition of materials stored in vessels / flowing through pipeline

Inventory of materials stored in vessels

Flow rate of materials passing through pipelines

Vessels / Pipeline conditions (phase, temperature, pressure)

Connecting piping and piping dimensions.

Accidental release of flammable liquids / gases can result in severe consequences. Delayed ignition of

flammable gases can result in blast overpressures covering large areas. This may lead to extensive loss

of life and property. In contrast, fires have localized consequences. Fires can be put out or contained

in most cases; there are few mitigating actions one can take once a flammable gas or a vapour cloud

gets released. Major accident hazards arise, therefore, consequent upon the release of flammable gases.

Factors For Identification Of Hazards

In any installation, main hazard arises due to loss of containment during handling of flammable liquids

/ gases. To formulate a structured approach to identification of hazards, an understanding of

contributory factors is essential.

Blast over Pressures

Blast Overpressures depend upon the reactivity class of material and the amount of gas between two

explosive limits. For example MS once released and not ignited immediately is expected to give rise

to a gas cloud. These gases in general have medium reactivity and in case of confinement of the gas

cloud, on delayed ignition may result in an explosion and overpressures.

Operating Parameters

Potential gas release for the same material depends significantly on the operating conditions. The gases

are likely to operate at atmospheric temperature (and hence high pressures). This operating range is

enough to release a large amount of gas in case of a leak / rupture, therefore the pipeline leaks and

ruptures need to be considered in the risk analysis calculations.

Inventory

Inventory Analysis is commonly used in understanding the relative hazards and short listing of release

scenarios. Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazard. Larger the inventory of

a vessel or a system, larger is the quantity of potential release. A practice commonly used to generate

an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major releases from fractures of pipelines and

vessels/tanks containing sizable inventories.

Range of Incidents

Both the complexity of study and the number of incident outcome cases are affected by the range of

initiating events and incidents covered. This not only reflects the inclusion of accidents and / or non-




accident-initiated events, but also the size of those events. For instance studies may evaluate one or

more of the following:

catastrophic failure of container

large hole (large continuous release)

smaller holes (continuous release)

leaks at fittings or valves (small continuous release)

In general, quantitative studies do not include very small continuous releases or short duration small

releases if past experience or preliminary consequence modeling shows that such releases do not

contribute to the overall risk levels.

7.2.5 Consequence Analysis

General

Consequence assessment is conducted to understand the impact of identified scenarios in terms of

thermal radiation (Jet fire, Flash Fire, Pool Fire), Explosion (vapor cloud explosion) & toxic

dispersion. A range of potential consequences are assessed for each of the release scenarios identified.

This step identifies the fatality probability, based on hazard type and caused by each release case, to

personnel at a range of distances.

The consequence evaluation of accidental release will include the calculation of the following

parameters as a minimum:

Source term (Vapor and/or Liquid and/or Two phase discharge rate; release duration, spreading

and evaporation)

Fire characteristics (jet fire, pool fire, flash fires);

Dispersion characteristics (flammable clouds);

Explosion characteristics;

Hazardous distances (referred to radiation from fires, UFL, LFL and overpressure levels);

7.2.6 Consequence Analysis Modelling

Discharge Rate

The initial rate of release through a leak depends mainly on the pressure inside the equipment, size

of the hole and phases of the release (liquid, gas or two – phase). The release rate decreases with time

as the equipment depressurizes. The reduction mainly on the inventory and the actions taken to isolate

the leak and blow-down the equipment

Dispersion

Release of gas into the open air form clouds whose dispersion is governed by the wind, by turbulence

around the site, the density of gas and initial momentum of the release in case of flammable materials

the sizes of these gas clouds above their lower flammability limit (LFL) are important in determining

whether the release will ignite. In the study, the results of dispersion modeling for flammable materials

are presented as LFL distance




Consequence Event

In this section of the report we describe the probabilities associated with the sequence of occurrences

which must take place for the incident scenarios to produce hazardous effects and the modeling of their

effects.

Considering the present case the outcomes expected are

Flash Fire (FF)

Jet fires

Pool fire

Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)

Flash Fire

Hydrocarbon vapour released accidentally will spread out in the direction of wind. If it finds an

ignition source before being dispersed below lower flammability limit (LFL), a flash fire is likely to

occur and the flame will travel back to the source of leak. Any person caught in the fire is likely to

suffer fatal burn injury. Therefore, in consequence analysis, the distance of LFL value is usually taken

to indicate the area, which may be affected by the flash fire.

Flash fire (LFL) events are considered to cause direct harm to the population present within the

flammability range of the cloud. Fire escalation from flash fire such that process or storage equipment

or building may be affected is considered unlikely.

Jet fires

Jet fire occurs when a pressurized release (of a flammable fluid) is ignited by any source. They tend

to be localized in effect and are mainly of concern in establishing the potential for domino effects and

employee safety zones rather than for community risks.

The jet fire model is based on the radiant fraction of total combustion energy, which is assumed to

arise from a point slowly along the jet flame path. The jet dispersion model gives the jet flame length.

Pool fires

A pool fire is a turbulent diffusion fire burning above a horizontal pool of vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel

where the fuel has zero or low initial momentum. Fires in the open will be well ventilated (fuel

controlled), but fires within enclosures may become under-ventilated (ventilation-controlled). Pool

fires may be static (e.g. where the pool is contained) or 'running' fires.

Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)

Vapour cloud explosion is the result of flammable materials in the atmosphere, a subsequent dispersion

phase, and after some delay an ignition of the vapour cloud. Turbulence is the governing factor in blast

generation, which could intensify combustion to the level that will result in an explosion. Obstacles in

the path of vapour cloud or when the cloud finds a confined area, as under the bullets, often create

turbulence. Insignificant level of confinement will result in a flash fire. The

VCE will result in overpressures.

It may be noted that VCEs have been responsible for very serious accidents involving severe property

damage and loss of lives.




Isolatable Sections

The following Table 7.2 describes the isolatable section considered for the study.

Table 7.2: Isolatable Sections

PIPELINE SCENARIOS

Isolatable

section

identification Description Scenario

Diameter

m

Length

m

Pressure

bar

Temperature

C

MOTOR SPIRIT

IS 1

MS RECEIPT

FROM CTMPL TO

MS TANKS INLET

(T-01/T02/T03)

7 mm

Leak

0.35 850 3.0000 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 2

MS DISPATCH

FROM MS TANKS

OUTLET(T-

01/T02/T03) TO

TLF PUMP

SUCTION ( P-

01A/P-01B/P-01C)

7 mm

Leak

0.60 375 2.00 amb

10% of

dia

FBR

IS 3

MS DISPATCH

FROM TLF PUMPS

DISCHARGE (P-

01A/P-01B/P-01C)

TO TLF BAY

7 mm

Leak

0.45 350 6.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

HIGH SPEED DIESEL

IS 4

HSD RECEIPT

FROM CTMPL TO

HSD TANKS (T-

04/T05/T06)

7 mm

Leak

0.35 850 3.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 5

HSD DISPATCH

FROM TANKS (T-

04/T05/T06 TO TLF

PUMP SUCTION(

P-02A/P-02B/P-

02C)

7 mm

Leak

0.45 400 2.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 6

HSD DISPATCH

FROM TLF PUMPS

7 mm

Leak

0.45

350

6.00

amb




Isolatable

section


Diameter

m

Length

m

Pressure

bar

Temperature

C

DISCHARGE (P-

02A/P-02B/P-02C)

TO TLF BAY

10% of

dia

FBR

ETHANOL & BIO-DIESEL

IS 7

UG ETHANOL

PUMP (P-08/P-09)

TO ETHANOL

TANKS (T-07/T08)

7 mm

Leak

0.15 250 6.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 8

ETHANOL TANKS

(T-07/T08) TO

ETHANOL TLD

PUMPS

SUCTION(P-

03A/P-03B/P-03C)

7 mm

Leak

0.25 250 2.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 9

ETHANOL TLD

PUMPS

DISCHARGE (P-

03A/P-03B/P-03C)

TO TLF BAYS

7 mm

Leak

0.2 350 6.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 10

UG BIO-DIESEL

PUMP (P-10/P-11)

TO BIO-DIESEL

TANK (T-09)

7mm

Leak

0.15 350 6.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 11

BIO-DIESEL

TANK (T-09) TO

BIO-DIESEL TLD

PUMP

SUCTION(P-

04A/P-04B/P-04C)

7 mm

Leak

0.2 350 2.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR

IS 12

BIO-DIESEL TLD

PUMP

DISCHARGE(P-

04A/P-04B/P-04C)

TO HSD TANKS

(T-04/T05/T06)

7mm

Leak

0.2 400 6.00 amb 10% of

dia

FBR




STORAGE TANKS:

Isolatable

section

identificatio

n

Description Scenari

o

Diamete

r

m

Heigh

t

m

Pressur

e

bar

Temperatur

e

C

Capacit

y (kL)

MOTOR SPIRIT

IS1 3 TK-01 MS

TANK

10 mm

leak 32 15 atm amb 10000

Rupture

IS14 TK-02 MS

TANK

10 mm


Rupture

IS15 TK-03 MS

TANK

10 mm


Rupture

HIGH SPEED DIESEL

IS16 TK-04 HSD

TANK

10 mm


Rupture

IS17 TK-05 HSD

TANK

10 mm


Rupture

IS18 TK-06 HSD

TANK

10 mm


Rupture

BIODIESEL

IS19

TK-09

BIODIESE

L TANK

10mm


Rupture

ETHANOL

IS20

TK-07

ETHANOL

TANK

10 mm

leak 14 13.5 atm amb 1600

Rupture

IS21

TK-08

ETHANOL

TANK

10 mm

leak 14 13.5 atm amb 1600

Rupture

UNDERGROUND TANKS

IS22

TK-14 U/G

ETHANOL

TANK

10mm

leak 10.5 3 atm amb 70

IS23

TK-15 U/G

ETHANOL

TANK

10mm





Isolatable

section

identificatio

n

Description Scenari

o

Diamete

r

m

Heigh

t

m

Pressur

e

bar

Temperatur

e

C

Capacit

y (kL)

IS24

TK-16 U/G

BIODIESE

L TANK

10mm


IS25

TK-17 U/G

BIODIESE

L TANK

10mm


IS26 TK-11 U/G

MS TANK

10mm

leak 8 3 atm amb 50

IS27 TK-12U/G

HSD TANK

10mm

leak 8 3 atm amb 50

7.2.7 Damage Criteria

The damage criteria give the relation between the extents of the physical effects (exposure) and the

effect of consequences. For assessing the effects on human beings consequences are expressed in terms

of injuries and the effects on equipment / property in terms of monetary loss. This is shown in table 8

The effect of consequences for release of toxic substances or fire can be categorized as

Damage caused by heat radiation on material and people;

Damage caused by explosion on structure and people;

Damage caused by toxic exposure.

In Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are

distinguished:

1. Heat radiation due to fires. In this study, the concern is that of Jet fires and flash fires.

2. Explosions

3. Toxic effects, from toxic materials or toxic combustion products.

The knowledge about these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. Following are

the criteria selected for damage estimation:

Heat Radiation:

The effect of fire on a human being is in the form of burns. There are three categories of burn such as

first degree, second degree and third degree burns. The consequences caused by exposure to heat

radiation are a function of:

The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2];

The exposure duration [sec];

The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body).

The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second-degree burns

are given in the table below:

Table 7.3: Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity




Incident

Radiation (kW/m2) Type Of Damage

4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin

(first degree burns are likely)

12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting

plastic tubing’s etc.

37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment

The actual results would be less severe due to the various assumptions made in the models arising out

of the flame geometry, emissivity, angle of incidence, view factor and others. The radiative output of

the flame would be dependent upon the fire size, extent of mixing with air and the flame temperature.

Some fraction of the radiation is absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapour in the intervening

atmosphere. Finally the incident flux at an observer location would depend upon the radiation view

factor, which is a function of the distance from the flame surface, the observer’s orientation and the

flame geometry.

Assumptions made for the study (As per the guidelines of CPR 18E Purple Book)

The lethality of a jet fire is assumed to be 100% for the people who are caught in the flame.

Outside the flame area, the lethality depends on the heat radiation distances.

For the flash fires lethality is taken as 100% for all the people caught outdoors and for 10%

who are indoors within the flammable cloud. No fatality has been assumed outside the flash

fire area.

Overpressure:

Vapour cloud Explosion (VCE)

The assessment aims is to determine the impact of overpressure in the event that a flammable gas

cloud is ignited.

A Vapour cloud Explosion (VCE) results when a flammable vapor is released, its mixture with air will

form a flammable vapour cloud. If ignited, the flame speed may accelerate to high velocities and

produce significant blast overexposure.

The assessment aims is to determine the impact of overpressure in the event that a flammable gas

cloud is ignited. The damage effects due to 0.01 bar, 0.1 bar & 0.3 bar are reported in terms of distance

from the overpressure source.

In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur:

A flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud;

A blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source.

For the blast wave, the lethality criterion is based on:

A peak overpressure of 0.1bar will cause serious damage to 10% of the housing/structures.

Falling fragments will kill one of each eight persons in the destroyed buildings

The following damage criteria may be distinguished with respect to the peak overpressures resulting

from a blast wave:

Table 7.4 Damage due to overpressure




Peak Overpressure Damage Type Description

0.30 bar Heavy Damage Major damage to plant equipment structure

0.10 bar Moderate Damage Repairable damage to plant equipment & structure

0.03 bar Significant Damage Shattering of glass

Assumptions for the study (As per the guidelines of CPR 18 E Purple Book)

Overpressure more than 0.3 bar corresponds approximately with 50% lethality.

An overpressure above 0.2 bar would result in 10% fatalities.

An overpressure less than 0.1bar would not cause any fatalities to the public.

100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud proper.




Consequence Results Summary

Table 7.5: Impact Distance in meter

SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o

Flash Fire (m) Jet Fire Ellipse (m) Late Pool Fire Ellipse (m) Overpressure (m)

2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

1 IS1

MS

RECEIPT

FROM

CTMPL TO

MS TANKS

INLET (T-

01/T02/T03)

7 MM 10.1129 5.86804

4 20.447

3 19.427 4 45.3234

47.906

7 0.01 43.6678 NR

12.5 15.874 14.5933 12.5 22.1157 26.680

4 0.1 15.8401 NR

37.5 13.002

1 11.6575 37.5 NR

15.115

7 0.3 12.9162 NR

10%

DIA 35.2521 26.4675

4 59.878

9 61.3001 4 123.773

138.30

7 0.01 328.771 145.655

12.5 46.121

7 45.6643 12.5 62.2155

58.959

6 0.1 90.0907 50.0617

37.5 37.730

5 36.3889 37.5 NR NR 0.3 65.0121 40.0175

FBR 29.9187 12.851

4 33.480

6 43.7656 4 193.873

227.79

1 0.01 456.662 153.665

12.5 26.446

8 33.7313 12.5 100.277

100.01

8 0.1 104.009 43.1858

37.5 21.975

2 27.7683 37.5 NR NR 0.3 66.9555 31.5775




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

2 IS2

MS

DISPATCH

FROM MS

TANKS

OUTLET(T-

01/T02/T03)

TO TLF

PUMP

SUCTION (

P-01A/P-

01B/P-01C)

7 MM 8.30318 4.72468

4 14.871 14.4945 4 43.9293 47.161

1 0.01 35.1115 NR

12.5 11.545

4 10.9155 12.5 21.0534

24.885

1 0.1 14.3559 NR

37.5 9.4063

6 8.68771 37.5 NR

13.868

3 0.3 12.175 NR

10%

DIA 42.086 26.795

4 64.617

4 65.1689 4 165.022

186.75

2 0.01 437.925 221.185

12.5 49.778

7 48.6654 12.5 85.7192

82.240

2 0.1 117.29 71.4287

37.5 40.686

6 38.8668 37.5 NR NR 0.3 83.6003 55.6934

FBR 31.8621 18.4452

4 56.379

7 63.6809 4 287.44

332.52

8 0.01 491.875 226.543

12.5 44.014 48.4428 12.5 161.469 160.30

6 0.1 118.383 64.0927

37.5 36.272

4 39.4079 37.5 NR NR 0.3 79.1394 47.0237

3 IS3 MS

DISPATCH 7 MM 14.02 7.43772 4

24.679

8 22.3531 4 43.7682 NR 0.01 68.8616 47.9177




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

FROM TLF

PUMPS

DISCHARG

E (P-01A/P-

01B/P-01C)

TO TLF

BAY

12.5 19.137

5 16.712 12.5 24.829 NR 0.1 20.2102 16.5773

37.5 15.722

5 13.314 37.5 15.9814 NR 0.3 15.0983 13.2843

10%

DIA 49.1241 39.2051

4 93.128

5 97.5479 4 137.419

156.23

3 0.01 457.388 249.491

12.5 71.379

5 72.0627 12.5 71.9705

70.648

8 0.1 128.932 84.604

37.5 58.318

3 57.0109 37.5 NR NR 0.3 94.42 67.279

FBR 39.4384 27.6006

4 80.146

3 83.885 4 262.341

304.16

9 0.01 497.43 247.612

12.5 61.983

6 63.1428 12.5 146.034

144.83

2 0.1 127.612 76.0127

37.5 50.734

5 50.849 37.5 NR NR 0.3 88.7543 57.9824

4 IS4

HSD

RECEIPT

FROM

CTMPL TO

HSD

7 MM 5.89723 5.78103

4 3.0743 3.29326 4 46.8779 52.255

6 0.01 NR NR

12.5 1.7582

5 2.09646 12.5 22.4699

24.651

8 0.1 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

TANKS (T-

04/T05/T06)

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

10%

DIA 10.7662 10.6794

4 9.0486

1 9.51407 4 143.48

162.90

1 0.01 19.5833 25.2911

12.5 6.7940

4 6.9413 12.5 77.3026

77.704

4 0.1 11.6623 12.6524

37.5 5.1595

6 5.23716 37.5 NR NR 0.3 10.8301 11.3244

FBR 3.72388 2.76675

4 3.5430

8 5.00725 4 187.721

213.47

5 0.01 NR NR

12.5 2.1796

8 3.6719 12.5 101.876

102.34

3 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR 2.45026 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

5 IS5

HSD

DISPATCH

FROM

TANKS (T-

04/T05/T06

TO TLF

PUMP

SUCTION(

7 MM 4.88158 4.53131

4 1.8357

6 1.92072 4 44.0819

48.623

8 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 17.7346 23.340

4 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

10%

DIA 9.59451 9.35431 4

7.9727

8 8.23753 4 148.197

168.20

5 0.01 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

P-02A/P-

02B/P-02C) 12.5

5.9490

4 5.99722 12.5 79.6982

79.991

1 0.1 NR NR

37.5 4.3906 4.40913 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

FBR 4.22285 3.7056

4 4.7721

2 6.01472 4 211.042

239.23

2 0.01 NR NR

12.5 3.4094

5 4.42391 12.5 117.356

117.74

8 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR 3.07313 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

6 IS6

HSD

DISPATCH

FROM TLF

PUMPS

DISCHARG

E (P-02A/P-

02B/P-02C)

TO TLF

BAY

7 MM 8.03374 7.27378

4 5.7460

9 7.11233 4 52.8231

60.544

4 0.01 NR NR

12.5 4.1708 5.08493 12.5 25.9817 29.079

1 0.1 NR NR

37.5 2.9176

4 3.66295 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

10%

DIA 15.6607 16.5463

4 13.800

2 14.5722 4 149.018

169.61

6 0.01 16.867 20.2027

12.5 10.495

6 10.6862 12.5 82.606

84.100

1 0.1 11.1912 11.7698

37.5 8.4230

3 8.31811 37.5 NR NR 0.3 10.5948 10.8837




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

FBR 8.01039 7.86022

4 9.0385

6 9.64767 4 252.315 284.32 0.01 NR NR

12.5 6.8493 7.17126 12.5 146.253 146.36

9 0.1 NR NR

37.5 5.8830

7 5.50072 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

7 IS7

UG

ETHANOL

PUMP (P-

08/P-09) TO

ETHANOL

TANKS (T-

07/T08)

7 MM 7.78797 4.57447

4 27.201

6 23.5795 4 42.3395

32.077

6 0.01 39.1104 NR

12.5 22.434

1 18.9201 12.5 29.557

24.866

3 0.1 15.0495 NR

37.5 NR 15.4348 37.5 17.2237 15.775

4 0.3 12.5214 NR

10%

DIA 14.0945 11.1199

4 52.218

4 46.6296 4 65.0054 60.557 0.01 72.8443 64.4086

12.5 42.973

5 37.2947 12.5 45.0264

44.431

6 0.1 29.1665 19.4378

37.5 35.120

6 30.72 37.5 26.1005

25.818

9 0.3 24.5771 14.7126

FBR 13.7169 9.75841 4 43.865

1 47.2443 4 133.342

135.19

5 0.01 124.147 76.2585




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

12.5 36.129

7 38.6735 12.5 87.0405

92.084

9 0.1 29.8002 21.4933

37.5 NR 32.7142 37.5 47.8421 53.46 0.3 19.8869 15.739

8 IS8

ETHANOL

TANKS (T-

07/T08) TO

ETHANOL

TLD

PUMPS

SUCTION(P

-03A/P-

03B/P-03C)

7 MM 4.83181 3.54376

4 14.375 13.0895 4 39.2205 37.744

4 0.01 NR NR

12.5 11.737

5 10.5185 12.5 26.3644

26.900

3 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 13.9537 13.170

6 0.3 NR NR

10%

DIA 15.6753 8.9737

4 38.291

7 35.6369 4 100.339

98.706

5 0.01 84.9451 46.6541

12.5 31.374

9 28.6949 12.5 66.858

68.642

3 0.1 31.2655 16.3581

37.5 NR 23.5572 37.5 37.3303 39.155

6 0.3 25.6253 13.1748

FBR 15.1182 9.26694

4 43.441

3 51.0136 4 189.289

191.52

1 0.01 260.946 96.6394

12.5 35.936

6 41.9438 12.5 123.532

130.01

4 0.1 61.7949 25.0286




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

37.5 NR 35.7213 37.5 70.4381 79.857

7 0.3 40.8697 17.5043

9 IS9

ETHANOL

TLD

PUMPS

DISCHARG

E (P-03A/P-

03B/P-03C)

TO TLF

BAYS

7 MM 7.78797 4.57447

4 27.201

6 23.5795 4 42.3395

32.077

6 0.01 39.1104 NR

12.5 22.434

1 18.9201 12.5 29.557

24.866

3 0.1 15.0495 NR

37.5 NR 15.4348 37.5 17.2237 15.775

4 0.3 12.5214 NR

10%

DIA 20.7588 13.8383

4 61.292

8 60.2244 4 94.1038

89.125

5 0.01 82.687 90.4801

12.5 50.396

5 48.0788 12.5 64.2032

63.873

6 0.1 30.8738 32.2256

37.5 41.235

9 39.7214 37.5 37.3385

37.848

8 0.3 25.4297 26.1047

FBR 16.4114 10.6836

4 49.346

6 55.2647 4 177.709

179.81

6 0.01 223.45 92.0328

12.5 40.635

7 45.1681 12.5 116.196

122.33

5 0.1 55.2907 24.2296

37.5 NR 38.2304 37.5 66.1001 74.861

9 0.3 37.6219 17.1053




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

10 IS10

UG BIO-

DIESEL

PUMP (P-

10/P-11) TO

BIO-

DIESEL

TANK (T-

09)

7 MM 8.03374 7.27378

4 5.7460

9 7.11233 4 52.8231

60.544

4 0.01 NR NR

12.5 4.1708 5.08493 12.5 25.9817 29.079

1 0.1 NR NR

37.5 2.9176

4 3.66295 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

10%

DIA 11.8759 12.7501

4 9.8880

2 11.088 4 68.8056

78.614

5 0.01 26.6837 30.6742

12.5 7.4466 8.08693 12.5 35.6557 37.466

3 0.1 12.894 13.5862

37.5 5.7607

1 6.18368 37.5 NR NR 0.3 11.4451 11.7907

FBR 3.42868 3.38341

4 3.1950

3 3.68358 4 86.3294

99.405

3 0.01 NR NR

12.5 1.9193

3 2.50648 12.5 41.1922

41.736

7 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

11 IS11 BIO-

DIESEL 7 MM 4.88158 4.53131 4

1.8357

6 1.92072 4 44.0819

48.623

8 0.01 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

TANK (T-

09) TO BIO-

DIESEL

TLD PUMP

SUCTION(P

-04A/P-

04B/P-04C)

12.5 NR NR 12.5 17.7346 23.340

4 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

10%

DIA 7.42102 7.00556

4 4.7651 4.87395 4 75.6992 86.213

1 0.01 NR NR

12.5 3.3705

9 3.40837 12.5 37.2751

37.759

5 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR 2.16302 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

FBR 2.44053 2.41973

4 2.6898

7 3.37042 4 97.3549

112.09

3 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR 2.17421 12.5 46.8948 48.116

9 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

12 IS12

BIO-

DIESEL

TLD PUMP

DISCHARG

E(P-04A/P-

04B/P-04C)

TO HSD

7 MM 8.03374 7.27378

4 5.7460

9 7.11233 4 52.8231

60.544

4 0.01 NR NR

12.5 4.1708 5.08493 12.5 25.9817 29.079

1 0.1 NR NR

37.5 2.9176

4 3.66295 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

TANKS (T-

04/T05/T06)

10%

DIA 11.8759 12.7501

4 9.8880

2 11.088 4 84.5667

96.820

4 0.01 26.6837 30.6742

12.5 7.4466 8.08693 12.5 44.177 45.271

3 0.1 12.894 13.5862

37.5 5.7607

1 6.18368 37.5 NR NR 0.3 11.4451 11.7907

FBR 3.84743 3.79677

4 4.0061

6 4.86928 4 113.447

130.09

4 0.01 NR NR

12.5 2.5274

5 3.52203 12.5 56.7018

57.228

3 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR 2.29061 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

13 IS13 TK-01 MS

TANK

10 MM 9.86648 4.51693

4 10.149

3 9.23342 4 45.5179 50.398 0.01 42.7181 NR

12.5 7.8352 6.91964 12.5 20.0058 22.692

1 0.1 15.6753 NR

37.5 6.7366

5 5.27253 37.5 NR NR 0.3 12.8339 NR

FBR 289.608 282.938 4 NR NR 4 114.402 189.74

4 0.01 2284.2 2297.57




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

12.5 NR NR 12.5 52.2202 104.74

9 0.1 636.306 594.375

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 513.773 464.275

14 IS14 TK-02 MS

TANK

10 MM 9.86648 4.51693

4 10.149

3 9.23342 4 45.5179 50.398 0.01 42.7181 NR

12.5 7.8352 6.91964 12.5 20.0058 22.692

1 0.1 15.6753 NR

37.5 6.7366

5 5.27253 37.5 NR NR 0.3 12.8339 NR

FBR 289.608 282.938

4 NR NR 4 114.402 189.74

4 0.01 2284.2 2297.57

12.5 NR NR 12.5 52.2202 104.74

9 0.1 636.306 594.375

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 513.773 464.275

15 IS15 TK-03 MS

TANK 10 MM 9.86648 4.51693

4 10.149

3 9.23342 4 45.5179 50.398 0.01 42.7181 NR

12.5 7.8352 6.91964 12.5 20.0058 22.692

1 0.1 15.6753 NR

37.5 6.7366

5 5.27253 37.5 NR NR 0.3 12.8339 NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

FBR 289.608 282.938

4 NR NR 4 114.402 189.74

4 0.01 2284.2 2297.57

12.5 NR NR 12.5 52.2202 104.74

9 0.1 636.306 594.375

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 513.773 464.275

16 IS16 TK-04 HSD

TANK

10 MM 4.13911 3.77405

4 NR NR 4 46.187 51.623

1 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 20.9972 22.860

8 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

FBR 132.919 167.919

4 NR NR 4 130.414 244.19

5 0.01 335.014 362.13

12.5 NR NR 12.5 65.1491 160.10

4 0.1 165.562 195.062

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 147.757 177.508

17 IS17 TK-05 HSD

TANK 10 MM 4.13911 3.77405

4 NR NR 4 46.187 51.623

1 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 20.9972 22.860

8 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

FBR 132.919 167.919

4 NR NR 4 130.414 244.19

5 0.01 335.014 362.13

12.5 NR NR 12.5 65.1491 160.10

4 0.1 165.562 195.062

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 147.757 177.508

18 IS18 TK-06 HSD

TANK

10 MM 4.13911 3.77405

4 NR NR 4 46.187 51.623

1 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 20.9972 22.860

8 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

FBR 132.919 167.919

4 NR NR 4 130.414 244.19

5 0.01 335.014 362.13

12.5 NR NR 12.5 65.1491 160.10

4 0.1 165.562 195.062

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 147.757 177.508

19 IS19

TK-09

BIODIESEL

TANK

10 MM 4.03346 3.67925

4 NR NR 4 42.1846 47.777

2 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 17.3027 19.397

7 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

FBR 21.1168 24.503

4 NR NR 4 42.4756 48.378

5 0.01 72.9895 68.9279

12.5 NR NR 12.5 16.9524 18.898

6 0.1 29.1916 28.4871

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 24.5897 24.2379

20 IS20

TK-07

ETHANOL

TANK

10 MM 7.86825 3.61794

4 11.664 10.1886 4 44.6772 43.157

7 0.01 44.2294 NR

12.5 9.6055

6 8.17933 12.5 29.5709

30.212

2 0.1 15.9375 NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 14.8098 14.379

9 0.3 12.9648 NR

FBR 61.1296 68.352

4 NR NR 4 98.6277 100.95

3 0.01 715.03 724.276

12.5 NR NR 12.5 63.0526 67.76 0.1 170.682 176.072

37.5 NR NR 37.5 31.8445 36.257

7 0.3 127.234 126.125

21 IS21

TK-08

ETHANOL

TANK

10 MM 7.86825 3.61794

4 11.664 10.1886 4 44.6772 43.157

7 0.01 44.2294 NR

12.5 9.6055

6 8.17933 12.5 29.5709

30.212

2 0.1 15.9375 NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

37.5 NR NR 37.5 14.8098 14.379

9 0.3 12.9648 NR

FBR 61.1296 68.352

4 NR NR 4 98.6277 100.95

3 0.01 715.03 724.276

12.5 NR NR 12.5 63.0526 67.76 0.1 170.682 176.072

37.5 NR NR 37.5 31.8445 36.257

7 0.3 127.234 126.125

22 IS22

TK-14 U/G

ETHANOL

TANK

10 MM 1.36851 1.03022

4 9.1431

6 10.5916 4 45.2188

47.062

5 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR 6.65129 12.5 30.8399 34.717

7 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 16.8338 19.536

7 0.3 NR NR

23 IS23

TK-15 U/G

ETHANOL

TANK

10 MM 1.36851 1.03022

4 9.1431

6 10.5916 4 45.2188

47.062

5 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR 6.65129 12.5 30.8399 34.717

7 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 16.8338 19.536

7 0.3 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

24 IS24

TK-16 U/G

BIODIESEL

TANK

10 MM 1.52987 1.57475

4 NR NR 4 38.4609 44.380

5 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 19.6912 25.985

5 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

25 IS25

TK-17 U/G

BIODIESEL

TANK

10 MM 1.52987 1.57475

4 NR NR 4 38.4609 44.380

5 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 19.6912 25.985

5 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

26 IS26 TK-11 U/G

MS TANK 10 MM 1.49564 1.6326

4 2.4954

8 2.80492 4 39.1651

44.040

2 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR 1.66843 12.5 19.5408 26.808

2 0.1 NR NR

37.5 NR NR 37.5 11.0976 13.357

8 0.3 NR NR

27 IS27 TK-12U/G

HSD TANK 10 MM 1.52987 1.57475

4 NR NR 4 38.4609 44.380

5 0.01 NR NR

12.5 NR NR 12.5 19.6912 25.985

5 0.1 NR NR




SI.N

o

Isolatable

section

identificati

on

Description Scenari

o


2F 5D

Radiation

Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Radiatio

n Level

(kW/m2)

2F 5D

Overpre

ssure

(bar)

2F 5D

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR




7.2.8 Risk Analysis

Risk in general is defined as a measure of potential economic loss or human injury in terms of the

probability of the loss or injury occurring and magnitude of the loss or injury if it occurs. Risk thus

comprises of two variables; magnitude of consequences and the probability of occurrence. The results

of Risk Analysis are often reproduced as Individual and groups risks and are defined as below.

Individual Risk is the probability of death occurring as a result of accidents at a plant, installation or

a transport route expressed as a function of the distance from such an activity. It is the frequency at

which an individual or an individual within a group may be expected to sustain a given level of harm

(typically death) from the realization of specific hazards.

Such a risk actually exists only when a person is permanently at that spot (out of doors). The

Individual results are based on the occupancy factor for different category of personnel’s at that

particular location.

Individual Risk = Location Specific Individual risk * Occupancy factor

Whereas, Location Specific Individual Risk corresponds to the level of damage at a particular location

or area

The exposure of an individual is related to:

The likelihood of occurrence of an event involving a release and Ignition of hydrocarbon,

The vulnerability of the person to the event,

The proportion of time the person will be exposed to the event (which is termed ‘occupancy’

in the QRA terminology).

The second definition of risk involves the concept of the summation of risk from events involving

many fatalities within specific population groups. This definition is focused on the risk to society

rather than to a specific individual and is termed 'Societal Risk'. In relation to the process operations

we can identify specific groups of people who work on or live close to the installation; for example

communities living or working close to the plant.

Probabilities

Population Probabilities

It is necessary to know the population exposure in order to estimate the consequences and the risk

resulting from an incident. The exposed population is often defined using a population density.

Population densities are an important part of a QRA for several reasons. The most notable is that the

density is typically used to determine the number of people affected by a given incident with a specific

hazard area. Sometimes, population data are available in sketchy forms. In the absence of specific

population data default categories can be used. The population density can be averaged over the whole

area that may be affected or the area can be subdivided into any number of segments with a separate

population density for each individual segment.

Failure/Accident Probabilities

Event tree analysis

A release can result in several possible outcomes or scenarios (fire, explosions, unignited release etc.).

This is because the actual outcome depends on other events that may or may not occur following the




initial release. Event tree analysis is used to identify potential outcomes of a release and to quantify

the risk associated with each of these outcomes.

The above event tree is used for calculating the event frequencies and the probabilities are defined in

below:

1. Immediate Ignition Probability

Table 7.6: Immediate Ignition Probability

Release Rate Immediate Ignition Probability (for

Low / Medium Reactive Chemicals)

Delayed Ignition

Probability

< 10 kg/sec 0.02 0.01

10 to 100 kg/sec 0.04 0.05

> 100 kg/sec 0.08 0.1

The above table from Bevi manual & CPR 18E is used for ignition probability.

2. Explosion Probability

In the sequence of events, following the ignition of a free gas cloud, an incident occurs demonstrating

characteristics of both a flash fire and an explosion. This is modeled as two separate events: as a pure

flash fire and a pure explosion. The fraction that is modeled as an explosion, F explosion, is equal to

0.4.

The individual risks are calculated based on base event frequency, ignition probability, population

density in the area etc. The accident event frequency details for this study are taken from Purple Book

(CPR 18E). Table 9 shows the total failure frequency of Pipeline and Storage tank scenarios.

For calculating the frequency to be applied for modeling the following factors are taken into

consideration.

Fire suppression systems

The fire protection systems & firefighting facilities which are used to restrict fire, the various factors

affecting the fire protection systems as per “Thomas F Barry, Risk Informed Performance Based Fire

Protection System – An Alternative to Prescriptive Codes” are:




Response effectiveness (i.e. the system is responsive to a specific scenario)

On-line availability (i.e. the system is online at the time of the emergency)

Operational reliability (the system functions properly at the time of emergency)

Table 7.7: Failure Frequency of Selected Scenarios

PIPELINE SCENARIOS

Isolatable section

identification Description Scenario TOTAL

FAILURE

FREQUENCY

MOTOR SPIRIT

IS 1 MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS

TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 4.25E-06

FBR 8.50E-07

IS 2

MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS

OUTLET(T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF

PUMP SUCTION ( P-01A/P-01B/P-

01C)

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 1.88E-06

FBR 3.75E-07

IS 3

MS DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS

DISCHARGE (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C)

TO TLF BAY

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 1.75E-06

FBR 3.50E-07

HIGH SPEED

DIESEL

IS 4 HSD RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO

HSD TANKS (T-04/T05/T06)

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 4.25E-06

FBR 8.50E-07

IS 5

HSD DISPATCH FROM TANKS (T-

04/T05/T06 TO TLF PUMP

SUCTION( P-02A/P-02B/P-02C)

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 2.00E-06

FBR 4.00E-07

IS 6

HSD DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS


TO TLF BAY

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 1.75E-06

FBR 3.50E-07

ETHANOL &

BIO-DIESEL

IS 7 UG ETHANOL PUMP (P-08/P-09) TO

ETHANOL TANKS (T-07/T08)

7 mm

Leak -




Isolatable section

identification Description Scenario TOTAL

FAILURE

FREQUENCY

10% of dia 5.00E-06

FBR 7.50E-07

IS 8

ETHANOL TANKS (T-07/T08) TO

ETHANOL TLD PUMPS

SUCTION(P-03A/P-03B/P-03C)

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 1.25E-06

FBR 2.50E-07

IS 9

ETHANOL TLD PUMPS


TO TLF BAYS

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 1.75E-06

FBR 3.50E-07

IS 10 UG BIO-DIESEL PUMP (P-10/P-11)

TO BIO-DIESEL TANK (T-09)

7mm Leak -

10% of dia 7.00E-06

FBR 1.05E-06

IS 11

BIO-DIESEL TANK (T-09) TO BIO-

DIESEL TLD PUMP SUCTION(P-

04A/P-04B/P-04C)

7 mm

Leak -

10% of dia 1.75E-06

FBR 3.50E-07

IS 12

BIO-DIESEL TLD PUMP

DISCHARGE(P-04A/P-04B/P-04C)

TO HSD TANKS (T-04/T05/T06)

7mm Leak -

10% of dia 2.00E-06

FBR 4.00E-07

STORAGE TANK SCENARIOS:

STORAGE TANKS

TOTAL

FAILURE

FREQUENCY

Isolatable section


MOTOR SPIRIT

IS1 3 TK-01 MS TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

IS14 TK-02 MS TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

IS15 TK-03 MS TANK 10 mm

leak 1.00E-06




Rupture 5.00E-08

HIGH SPEED

DIESEL

IS16 TK-04 HSD TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

IS17 TK-05 HSD TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

IS18 TK-06 HSD TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

BIODIESEL

IS19 TK-09 BIODIESEL TANK

10mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

ETHANOL

IS20 TK-07 ETHANOL TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

IS21 TK-08 ETHANOL TANK

10 mm

leak 1.00E-06

Rupture 5.00E-08

UNDERGROUND

TANKS

IS22 TK-14 U/G ETHANOL TANK 10mm

leak 1.00E-06

IS23 TK-15 U/G ETHANOL TANK 10mm

leak 1.00E-06

IS24 TK-16 U/G BIODIESEL TANK 10mm

leak 1.00E-06

IS25 TK-17 U/G BIODIESEL TANK 10mm

leak 1.00E-06

IS26 TK-11 U/G MS TANK 10mm

leak 1.00E-06

IS27 TK-12U/G HSD TANK 10mm

leak 1.00E-06




7.2.9 Risk Mitigation Measures

PROPOSED RISK CONTROL MEASURES

Some of the key recommendations suggested from risk point of view are listed below:

1. Ensure periodical maintenance of tanks and pipelines, necessary preventive maintenance

schedule implemented.

2. Control the movement of the loading trucks inside the premises and ensure minimum time is

spent inside the facility.

3. Provide Standard operating procedures in local languages in loading and unloading bays and

monitor the adherence of the procedures continuously.

4. Vehicles fitted with spark arrestors and necessary valid inspection certificates only allowed

inside the premises

5. Water draining operation from the storage tanks should be carried out by trained personnel

under supervision

6. Lock out and tag out (LOTO)procedure to be followed in operation of tank drain, dyke drain

and other critical valves with supervisory control and mechanically locking option

7. Any commissioning/decommissioning of equipments should be carried out under supervision

(close out procedure with written permission can be used for commissioning)

8. Regular inspection of earthing arrangements , lightning arrestors to be carried out .The earthing

layout diagram of each facility shall be displayed near each facility for reference

9. All Tanks should be fitted with level transmitters with alarm/trip provision

10. Provide HC detectors at strategic locations and ensure initiation of automatic shutdown on HC

detection incorporated and periodic testing carried out regularly.

11. Only EX-rated electrical equipment usage shall be implemented in hazardous areas

12. HC detection Bypass override provision to be done only after management clearance

13. Ensure sufficient windsocks are available and placed at suitable locations

14. Ensure enough escape routes and muster, assembly points availability clearly marked

15. Work Permit system is used to carry out any activity inside the facility

16. Loading and unloading activity should be carried out under supervision

17. Regular mock drills to be conducted (once in a month) for scenarios like MS tank leak, MS

loading line leak, Ethanol tank leak and Ethanol line leak.

18. ERDMP plan to be developed based on MS tank rupture scenario

19. CCTV coverage for critical locations

20. The Dyke and the enclosures to be inspected for cracks; visible damages etc. every six month

(pre and post monsoons) and after every repair in the tanks/dykes etc. so as to keep it

impervious

21. Ensure hydraulic analysis done for MS and HSD pump discharge lines

22. Ensure periodical checking of fire system availability and monitoring

23. Ensure TT loading and unloading operations are carried out in day time only

24. Ensure necessary emergency lighting in case of power failure




7.2.10 Consequence Contours

Top five worst case consequence scenarios

FLASH FIRE

MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)-10% DIA

FLASH FIRE

IS2-MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS OUTLET (T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF PUMP

SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C)-10% DIA




FLASH FIRE

IS3- MS DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) TO TLF

BAY-FBR

FLASH FIRE

IS13- TK-01 MS TANK -FBR

FLASH FIRE




IS16- TK-04 HSD TANK -FBR

JET FIRE

IS1- MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)-10% DIA

JET FIRE




IS2- MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS OUTLET (T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF PUMP

SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C)-10% DIA

JET FIRE

IS3- MS DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) TO TLF BAY

-10% DIA

JET FIRE




IS7- UG ETHANOL PUMP (P-08/P-09) TO ETHANOL TANKS (T-07/T08) -FBR

JET FIRE

IS9- ETHANOL TLD PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-03A/P-03B/P-03C) TO TLF BAYS-10% DIA

POOL FIRE




IS1- MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03) -FBR

POOL FIRE


SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) -FBR




POOL FIRE

IS6- HSD DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-02A/P-02B/P-02C) TO TLF

BAY-FBR

POOL FIRE

IS15- TK-03 MS TANK –FBR




POOL FIRE

IS16- TK-04 HSD TANK-FBR

VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

IS1- MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)-FBR






SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) -FBR


IS13- TK-01 MS TANK-FBR





IS15- TK-03 MS TANK -FBR


IS20- TK-07 ETHANOL TANK -FBR




CHAPTER 8. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

8.1 Consultants Engaged

This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office

staff, their R & D wing, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental Consultants

M/S. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory, Thane.

M/s ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory

ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of

India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that they

are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered, make

them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in record time

is the key feature of ULTRA-TECH. A team of more than hundred environmental brigadiers

consists of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic experts, solid

waste and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and monitoring experts

and management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and best services.

ULTRA-TECH offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain

environmental clearance for their projects such as isolated storage of hazardous chemicals, large

buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township projects and industries covering

sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.

ULTRA-TECH also provide STP/ETP /WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from

Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF

approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and

analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and

meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.

The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: EIA Team

SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert (NABET Accredited)

1 Mr. Santosh Gupta

Mr. Timir Shah

EIA Coordinator

Associate Team Member

2 Mr. Timir Shah Air Pollution

2 Mr. Timir Shah Water Pollution

3 Mr. Santosh Gupta Solid Hazardous Waste

5 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity

6 Dr. Kishore Wankhede Socio Economic

7 Mrs.Sampada Shidid Municipal Solid Waste

8 Ms Ananthitha A Team Member

NABET Accreditation number: NABET/EIA/1720/RA 0094 valid upto 10/03/2020




Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s. Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd.” is as shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA

S.N. NAME OF

SECTOR

NAME OF

PROJECT

NAME OF

CLIENT

FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS

INVOLVED

FA NAME/S

1. Schedule 6

(b) Category

‘B’

Isolated storage

& handling of

hazardous

chemicals

M/s. Indian

Oil

Corporation

Limited.

AP Mr. Timir Shah

WP

Mr. Timir Shah

Associate:

Ms Ananthitha A

EB

Mr. Vikrant Kulkarni

Associate:

Mr. Mintu

SE Dr. Kishore Wankhede

SHW

Mr. Santosh Gupta

Associate:

Mrs.DeepaTamhane – Karnik

LU

Mr.Swapnil Avghade

Associate: Mr. Prasad

Khedkar

RH

Dr.Subhash Bonde

Associate:

Mr.Ajay Patil

However, the EIA Co-ordinator has left ULTRA-TECH after the Public Hearing of this project

was completed. Hence the new EIA Co-ordinator Mr Ram Sushil Mishra has vetted this final EIA

report.

Table 8.3: Laboratory for Analysis

NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES ACCREDITATION

STATUS

Eco-Services India Pvt. Limited

Monitoring and Analysis of:

Ambient Air Monitoring

Stack Emission Monitoring

Bore Water(Analysis)

Domestic & Potable

Water(Analysis)

Waste Water(Analysis)

Accredited by NABL

Valid upto 01/05/2019




REPLIES OF QUERIES RAISED BY SEIAA

With reference to letter ref. SEIAA/TN/F.No. 5365/2016 dated 30.05.2018 seeking additional

details, please find attached required clarifications in seriatim:

1. During Public Hearing Thiru. Brahmadevan Valasai, Beekanur Eri Pasana Vivasaya

Sangam has expressed that the construction of compound wall by IOCL will definitely

bypass the water course and the same will be flowing towards the lake Valasai where

the Asanur drain joins. In response to that, the proponent has furnished a letter from

TNSIDCO that as per the approved layout the existing Odai earmarked on the

Northern side of the SIDCO boundary and the Odai (Storm water drain) belongs to

revenue department and being maintained by revenue department only. SIDCO

protects the flow water from Odai by constructing the flood protection wall and

forming bund wherever necessary along the SIDCO boundary. Since, the Odai

belongs to revenue department the proponent is directed to furnish the NOC from

the revenue department for constructing the flood protection walls and forming

bunds along the SIDCO boundary.

Reply :

NOC of the Revenue Department from DC, Villupuram vide letter ref. No. B9/17495/2018 dtd.

15.09.2018 is attached herewith as Annexure.

2. During presentation the project proponent has not furnished the water balance

diagram. Hence, it is requested to furnish clear water balance diagram including

waste water generation, disposal mechanism, etc.

Reply :

The Water balance diagram is given in section 2.6.1.

3. The proponent is requested to furnish the risk assessment and safety plan proposed

to implement in the project :

Reply :

The Quantitative Risk Assessment study report along with mitigation measures has been submitted

earlier. The layout, design and construction of POL storage terminals are governed by Oil Industry

Safety Directorate (OISD) standards some of which like OISD 117 / 118 are also statutory in nature

by way of adoption as part of PESO Rules The safety features planned as part of the Project to

comply with the requirements of OISD 117, OISD 118 and OISD 244 are given in section 2.5.

4. The proponent is requested to furnish the layout plan for the green belt development

(i.e. 33% of the total plot area) with species of plants proposed to be planted:

Reply :

Revised Layout plan for green belt development showing 33% of the total plot area as green belt

along with species of plants proposed to be planted is given in Figure 6.2 & Table 6.2 respectively.

5. Regarding CER activities, the proponent is instructed to submit the details of CER

activities proposed to be carried out in future. They should concentrate more on




infrastructure facilities useful to the local community. Detailed proposal shall be

submitted.

Reply :

During the appraisal by SEAC, we had submitted a plan for expenditure of Rs 104 Lakhs on school

infrastructure around the project site based on need survey conducted and that for balance

expenditure under CER , we had requested DC Villupuram to identify projects where we could get

associated with. Based on our request, DC Villupuram has further identified projects worth Rs 217

Lakhs in the health sector. Additionally we shall also be laying a RCC approach road to be used

by all allottees of the SIDCO Industrial Estate (Mainly MSEs) at a cost of about Rs 550 Lakhs.

Total cost of identified projects against CER requirement of Rs 609 Lakhs (@ 1.5% of Poject Cost

of Rs 406 Crores) is as follows:

Sr No Description Amount (In Lakhs)

1 School Infrastructure around Asanur 104.00

2 Health Care Infrastructure – List from DC 217.71

3 RCC Road for SIDCO Industrial Estate (MSE users) 510.00

Total 831.71




Annexure

sy no 365/4 (pt), sidco industrial estate, asanur village

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