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Action Plan

for

Management of MSW

S.K.Singh,Env.Engr,CPCB

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Really Needed ?

The Honble Supreme Court order dated4.10.2004 directed for preparation of Action

Plans by local bodies of 35 metrocities and 24

State Capitals.

Pursuant to the order, CPCB interacted with

SPCBs to get the action plans prepared from

these.

Local bodies have taken initiatives to prepare

Action Plan for management of MSW.

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Implementation Strategy

MSW Rules

Within the city

Collection

Segregation

StorageTransportation

---------------------------------

Municipality

--------------------------------

Re-organise/re-structure/re- orient-

on-going efforts

{ Schedule II }

Outside City Limit

Processing

Disposal

-------------------------------------

Private Entrepreneur

Operator of facility

{ Schedule III & IV}

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Situation Analysis Data Collection (Primary/Secondary)

Field studies (Qty/Characterization)

Targeted Development, Upgradation andRenovation of facilitiesgrowing

backlog Project-wise approachstrategy

formulation, Prioritized Action Plan withDPR

Public Private Partnership-participatoryapproach

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Create

Awareness

For segregation at house-hold level

Waste minimisation..etc.

Community initiatives (composting.)

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Through Schools..

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For Women Groups

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For MSW Workers.

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Create System

(MSWM System)

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DOORSTEP COLLECTION OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

EVERYDAY & RECYCLABLE WASTE ONCE IN A WEEK

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Whistle system of garbage collection

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Pole Bins for Footpath Dwellers

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Sahaj Safai Kendra

(Chandigarh)

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Capacity Building/Institutional/ R & D Aspects

Technical / Financial strengthening of ULBs.

Separate MSWM Cell in ULB (Engr. in charge)

Incentive scheme for staff to attract competitive spirit

Surveillance System/Grievance Cell

Decentralized waste mgt.Scientific & Environment friendly Recycling

Develop & Implement cost effective technologies not

dependent on power supply

Indigenous machinery/technology to suit Indian/local

conditions (large cities-O&M high due to high Quantity)

Augmentation of Existing Infrastructure(tools/vehicles..)

Human Resource Development

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Implementation of MSW Rules, 2000

Contd

Sl Parameters Suggested Measures as per MSW Rules,

2000

1. Collection and storage

of waste;

Prohibition of

littering and facilitate

compliance

Introduction of spot fining system

Provide containers/storage bins with a capacity

based on population served & qty of waste/day

Organise house to house collection system on

regular pre-informed timings

Adoption of appropriate source specific collection

system for areas such as slums, hotels,restaurants, office complexes and commercial

areas

Provide containerized manual driven cart or small

vehicles for waste transfer

Provide separate collection for horticultural/debris

Waste shall not be burnt

2. Wastes from slaughterhouses, meat and fish

markets

Separate collection system, quick removal andwaste processing

3. Segregation of MSW Awareness program by municipal agencies,

community participation, involvement of NGOs

representatives of local resident welfare

association

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Contd

4 Transportation of MSW Vehicle design shall be such that multiple manual

handling is prevented

5. Processing of MSW Provide appropriate biological processing i.e.

composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion forstabilization of waste. The product shall comply with

standards specified by CPCB.

Incineration with or without energy recovery including

pelletisation as per AAQ standards 1987 laid down by

CPCB

6. Disposal of MSW Restrict disposal of non-biodegradable waste and other

wastes Landfilling shall be done by adopting proper norm (earth

cover)

7. Selection of landfill site

and its location

Environmental issues

Necessity of clearance from the concerned organisation

Landfill site should be away from habitation clusters,

forest areas, water bodies, monuments, national parks,airport, etc.

8. Disposal of biomedical

waste

Disposal as per Biomedical Waste Regulations

9. Period of landfill Long term use

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10

.

Development of Buffer

Zone

A buffer zone should be located around the landfill

site

11

.

Facilities at Landfill Site

I. Fencing of landfill

site

II. Preventing entryof animals

III. Approach for

internal roads to

the landfill

IV. Weighing of waste

V. Sanitary landfill

should bedeveloped and

operated

VI. Prevention of

pollution at landfill

Fencing to be provided

Prevention of entry of unauthorized persons and

animals to the landfill site

Approach road at landfill to be provided

Weigh bridge facility and weighing should be

carried out regularly

Compaction of waste and earth cover

Measures for pollution control should be adopted

viz., liners, appropriate drainage, leachate

collection and treatment etc.

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Initiation of house to house collection system

Adoption of large variety of community bins in cities having

community bin system

Adoption of front end loaders for mechanical lifting of waste

at open collection spots

Adoption of source specific collection system

Emphasis on segregation of dry and wet waste at source

Introduction of spot fining system

Ensuring minimum manual handling of waste

Provision of closed containers at various locations

Replacement of older vehicles by newer one

Emphasis on optimization for routing of vehicles

Separate vehicle for transportation of slaughter house wastePreventive maintenance of transportation vehicles

periodically

Provision of sheds for parking of transportation vehicles

Conducting awareness program on use of compost

Providing appropriate testing facility for assessing quality of

compost

Emphasis on improvement of existing disposal site keeping in

view of MSW Handling Rules

Avoiding open disposal of MSW

Creation of sanitary landfills

Selection of landfill site as per the guidelines of

CPCB/NEERI

Monitoring of management of hazardous

wastes in keeping with the legislationAdoption of separate treatment and

disposal facilities for hazardous wastes

Bio-medical WasteDiscontinuing the mixing of biomedical

waste with the MSW

Ensuring proper segregation of various

categories of biomedical waste as also

treatment and disposal of these wastes as

per legislation

Strict compliance on adoption of protective

devices such as gumboots, hand gloves,

and masks, etc.

Provision of medical facility to workers

Establishment of separate healthcare centerfor workers

Collection

Transportation

Processing

Disposal

Industrial Waste Management

Biomedical Waste Management

SWM

Activity

Indicative Action Plan for MSWM

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Recommended Collection and Storage, Transportation, and Disposal

Practices in Metro, Class I Cities and State Capitals

Type Collection andStorage Transportation Disposal

Metro, Class I Cities/State CapitalsHigh, Medium andLow PopulationDensity

ySegregation of waste into dry and wet at sourceshould be adopted

yLong handled brooms should be provided to theworkers for conveniently sweeping the roads andlanes

y

Sweepers should be allotted at least 300 metersroad length in areas of high population density, 500-600 m in medium population density and 750 m in

low population density and may vary dependingupon local conditions

yTricycles/handcarts with bell r inging sysem with aprovision of4 Nos. 50 lit capacity plastic containerfor house to house collection should be provided

yPublic awareness and participation campaign

should be carried out. In addition NGOs should beinvolved in collection of waste

y

MS bin/containers of4.5 cum capacity at suitablelocation should be provided. These containers need

to be hoisted with dumper placer

yDumper placer should beused where MS containers of

4.5 cum capacity are used forcollection

yFront end loader and tipper

trucks can be used were opendalaos, vats, open collectionspots exist. However, open

dalaos and vats as also opencollection spots should begradually phased out

yTipper trucks should be

covered or closed type tippertruck with waste loading anduploading facility

yOrdinary trucks/tractor trailors

used should be covered bytarpaulin

yVehicles more than 7 yearsold should be replaced bynewer ones

yAt least one bulldozer for SW quantity200 TPD and small compactor for

quantity less than 200TPD should beprovided for spreading and compactionof waste

y

Daily soil cover of 10 cm thicknessand intermediate cover of40 cmthickness should be provided

yWhile developing SLF, the final coversystem should comprise a clay layer of

60 cm thickness, drainage layer of 15cm thickness and cover of vegetation of

45 cm thickness at the top. This systemminimizes infiltration of leachate anderosion

yWater sprinkling over the deposited

waste should be practised to reducedust

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i

vii

yIf the width of road is small, closed MScontainer of 1 cum capacity should be

provided. The waste will be transferred to thevehicles from the container. As the process

involves multiple handling of waste, it shouldbe adopted in specific cases

yIt is preferable to engage 2 workers makinga group during sweeping. Each group needs

to be provided with metal tray, brooms andplastic container of 30-50 liters capacity

ySweeping staff should be provided withprotective gadgets like mask, gloves, gumboots etc.

yOpen collection spots should be removedand replaced by closed containers

yOpen dalaos/vats should be phased out

gradually and should be replaced by closedones or closed containers

yShopping complexes, business and

commercial areas separate containers of 50-100 lit. capacity should be provided anddirectly emptied into 4.5 cum capacitystorage containers

yThere should be separate collection systemfor silt f rom the drains and slaughter houses

yRoutine and preventivemaintaince of the vehicles

should be carried out forvehicles used for SWtransportation

yProper garage shed for parkingshould be provided for vehicles

yBreakdown and major repairs

should be carried out in centralworkshop with provision of

adequate inventory of spareparts

yA combination ofHDPE (1.5 mm thick)and clay liner (90 cm thick) should beprovided at the site

Slum

Areas

y16 lit capacity bins should be provided to the

individual house to store the waste for 24 hrs.

yThe waste collected from the slum area canbe transferred to community bins located atnearby area

ySmall handcarts should be provided to theworkers for slum areas

yAs the slum area are

inaccessible, waste needs to be

transferred using smallvehicles/tricycles which will

transfer the waste to large sized

container located long road side

ySame as above

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Hilly

Areas

yDue to narrow width of road MScontainers of 1 cum capacity should beused

yDue to undulating road condition,

conventional handcarts are not suitable.It is better to use auto type vehicle forwaste collection purpose

yVehicle of shorter turningradius should be used

ySame as above

yRetaining wall should be

constructed to prevent waste slidingdown to deep valley in case disposalsite is adjascent to valley

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Thrust of Implementation

Schedule-III

- Improvement in existing landfill sites

- Identification of new landfill sites for future use.

Schedule-IV

Setting up of waste processing facilities with

the adoption of appropriate technology

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Waste Processing Technologies

(Schedule-IV)

Accepted Technologies (may not require

specific approval of CPCB;)

Composting Vermi-composting

Anaerobic digestion

Incineration Pelletisation

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Other Possibilities..

Co-incineration in Cement Kilns etc.

Methane Capturing for CDM .

.

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Contd..

Strengthen laboratories for monitoring WP/WD

facilities. Directory on expertise available (DPR,WP, WD,

Equipment manufacturers)

Inventorizations of cities/towns in State/UT forassessing status of MSWM

Guiding ULBs to fill Form-II (AR) for sending regularlyto SPCBs

State level Advisory Group to assist local bodies forselection of appropriate WP technologies, identificationof sites and operation of landfills.

Immediate Attention-prohibit burning of waste,regulating movement of stray cattles and seekingparticipation of Public and NGOs for promotingsegregation of waste at source and door-step collectionof waste.

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Time Bound Action Plan

Prepare time-bound action plans for cities/townshaving population > 20000 and50,000(Priortization) Action Plans to indicaterequirements (physical and financial) for each

activity (CSSTPD)

Training programmes for ULBs (at all levels-state/regional) through Municipal Administration/

State Institute)-creating trg.facilities

Mass awareness programme (jointly with ULBs)

Undertake inventorization of cities/ towns forassessing status of Solid Waste Management

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Prepare a DPR for one city/ town and

getting such DPRs prepared for all cities/

towns in the State.

Set up one model facility in the State

Directions under Section 5 of EPA to ULBs-

to submit time bound action plans for

implementation of Rules-?-States/UTs to

issue directions for ULBs with population >20,000, >50,000

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Proposed approach for implementation

>

100 t/d < 100 t/dAuthorization To be issued on priority

(within six months)

To be phased out by bigger

States and to be essentially

covered by smaller States

(within six months)

Compliance with

Schedule-II

Collection &

segregation of

waste

Local bodies to design

system in three months

and launch within six

months

Local bodies to design system

in three months and launch

within six months

Storage of waste Phase-out conventional bin

system and replacing with

mobile bins. Alternative

systems considering site

specific needs to be

worked out (in six months)

- May continue with

conventional bin system fortime being.

- Propose for modernisation/

improvement in existing

system (within 12 months)

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Contd

>100 t/d < 100 t/d

Transportation

of waste

Different types of waste

transportation vehicles be used

to comply with norms specified

in the Rules. Transportation of

waste could be contracted out.

Collection/ clearing efficiency tobe almost 80% per day (within

12 months)

Conventional system of

vehicles/ including local

system be used. Collection

efficiency upto 80% to be

achieved. (within 12 months)

Waste

Processing

Combination of technologies

could be attempted

(composting anaerobic

digestion, Pelletisation andenergy recovery etc.)

Waste Processing plants to be

set up at the earliest (Schedule-

I)

Biological processes be

preferred.

Setting up of facilities to be

prioritised.

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>

100 t/d < 100 t/dWaste Disposal Existing landfill sites to be

improved (Schedule-VI)

New landfill sites to be

identified for operation(Schedule-III)

Simpler designs to be

worked out.

Designs required for

Hilly towns.

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MODEL FACILITY

Objectives

To set up model facilities on demonstration basis for

implementation of the MSWRules, 2000.

To document the entire scheme from implementation

to its commissioning and assessing the actual

performance.

To share the information for dissemination to other

local bodies in the state and at national level.

To build up capabilities of local bodies including

management of internal resources, which is expectedto improve with better service delivery.

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Set up model facilities (demo-basis) for atleast one town in each State/UT.

Towns having population > 50,000 to 2.0lakh and waste generation upto 100 tonesare preferred.

The proposal would be cost sharing basis(50:50)

DPR to be prepared by ULB (CPCB-indicative format for preparation of DPR).

Detailed MoU to be signed by concernedSPCB, local body and CPCB

Scheme to be operated through SPCB.

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Recycling and

Resource Recovery Plastics/Glass.etc

C & D Wastes Energy Generation

Composting

. .

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Recycling Unit(Front view)

Recycling Unit(Inner view)

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Application of MSW compost

Heavy metals emanating from the MSW compost and sewagesludge is found to be well below the critical level even after 3

years experiments

Application of MSW compost and sewage sludge as partial

substitute of chemical fertilizer is more beneficial than their sole

application as evident from the results from different treatments.

Application of compost has increased the macro and

micronutrient status of the soil as well the organic carbon

Future Studies-*Long-term studies*Effects on soil flora and

fauna*Confirming suitability on food crops*Experiments ondifferent soil types and crops

Need:-Testing, Easy Distribution Network, Awareness creation

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* CPCB/IARI studies on characterization of compost quality&its application on agricultural crops. 7 compost plants studiedfor characterization of compost quality. Studies indicated:

* Av concentration of heavy metals in the raw waste that wasfed to the various compost plants were--Lead (47 to 185 mgper kg), Nickel (36-63 mg/kg) Cadmium (1.5 to 6.5 mg/kg)Mercury(0.01 and 0.23 mg/kg)

Finished Compost-Pb; 108-203 mg/kg; Ni- 8-80 mg/kg; Cd-3.8-12.4 mg/kg and Hg 0.01-0.31 mg/kg.

Growth attributes of wheat/ maize and vegetable crops viz.,

plant height, number of cobs/tillers/m2, dry matterproduction and leaf area index, were increased due to supplyof nitrogen through combination of different doses of urea withcompost/ sewage sludge.

MoUD- Report of Interministrial Task Force on Integrated Plant Nutrient

Management using City Compost (constituted,March,2003, SCD

irection)

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Utilization of Grants under 12th FinanceCommission

* 12th FC recommended grants of Rs.5000 Crores to ULBs forthe period 2005-2010 of which Rs.2500 Crores have to bedevolved upon exclusively for setting-up of solid wastemanagement systems in Urban areas to ensure managementof MSW in accordance with MSW Rules. MoUD on 6thOctober, 2005 has circulated guidelines for preparation ofDPRs and selection of technologies for processing and finaldisposal of MSW for different categories of towns for thebenefit of State Government/ Local bodies. The emphasis hasalso been given to implement various activities of solid waste

system through private sector participation.

28 State Governments and SPCBs may initiate the process forutilizing the grants and set-up appropriate committees/technical institutions to guide local bodies in preparing DPRfor cities and towns.

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Total capital investment estimated by MoUD for

423 class-I towns is as under:

Capital Investment (Rs. in Millions)

*Equipment and vehicles -3864.43

*Composting of waste -10012.35

*Landfill development -10568.83

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S.No States Panchayats Municipalities

Percent (Rs.crore) Per cent (Rs.crore)

1 Andhra Pradesh 7.935 1587.00 7.480 374.0

2. Aruanchal Pradesh 0.340 68.0 0.060 3.0

3 Assam 2.630 526.0 1.100 55.00

4 Bihar 8.120 1624.0 2.840 142.0

5 Chhattisgarh 3.075 615.0 1.760 88.00

6 Goa 0.090 18.00 0.240 12.0

7 Gujarat 4.655 931.0 8.280 414.0

8 Haryana 1.940 388.0 1.820 91.0

9 Himachal Pradesh 0.735 147.0 0.160 8.0

10 Jammu & Kashmir 1.405 281.0 0.760 38.0

11 Jharkhand 2.410 482.0 1.960 98.0

12 Karnataka 4.440 888.00 6.460 323.0

13 Kerala 4.925 985.0 2.980 149.0

14 Madhya Pradesh 8.315 1663.0 7.220 361.0

15 Maharashtra 9.915 1983.0 15.820 791.0

16 Manipur 0.230 46.0 0.180 9.00

17 Meghalaya 0.250 50.0 0.160 8.0

18 Mizoram 0.100 20.0 0.200 10.0

19 Nagland 0.200 40.0 0.120 6.00

20 Orissa 4.015 803.0 2.080 104.0

21 Punjab 1.620 324.0 3.420 171.022 Rajasthan 6.150 1230.0 4.400 220.0

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Let us ensure a healthier life for THOSE who

strive to keep our city clean

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Thank You