switch principles of operation
TRANSCRIPT
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스위치동작원리
1.�Ethernet�UTP�Cable
1
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
UTP�Cable 구조
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TIA/EIA-568A TIA/EIA-568B
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
RJ-45�Port�구조
3
1 TX+
2 TX-
3 RX+
4 Not Used
5 Not Used
6 RX-
7 Not Used
8 Not Used
RX+ 1
RX- 2
TX+ 3
Not Used 4
Not Used 5
TX- 6
Not Used 7
Not Used 8
MDI MDI-X
MDI : Medium Dependent Interface
MDI-X : Medium Dependent Interface Crossover
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
PC간 Cable�연결
4
1 TX+
2 TX-
3 RX+
4 Not Used
5 Not Used
6 RX-
7 Not Used
8 Not Used
MDI
TX+ 1
TX- 2
RX+ 3
Not Used 4
Not Used 5
RX- 6
Not Used 7
Not Used 8
MDI
TIA/EIA-568A TIA/EIA-568BCrossover Cable
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Hub/Switch와 PC간 연결
5
1 TX+
2 TX-
3 RX+
4 Not Used
5 Not Used
6 RX-
7 Not Used
8 Not Used
MDI
RX+ 1
RX- 2
TX+ 3
Not Used 4
Not Used 5
TX- 6
Not Used 7
Not Used 8
MDI-X
Straight Cable
TIA/EIA-568A TIA/EIA-568ATIA/EIA-568B TIA/EIA-568B
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스위치동작원리
2.�Hub의동작원리
6
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Hub의 구조
7
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI MDI
MDI MDI
Straight Cable TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
TXRX TXRX
RX TX RX TX
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
CSMA/CD
8
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI MDI
MDI MDI
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
TXRX TXRX
RX TX RX TX
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
CSMA/CD
9
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI MDI
MDI MDI
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
TXRX TXRX
RX TX RX TX
Collision Detection
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Hub/Switch간연결
10
TX RX
RXTXTX
RX
Crossover Cable
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스위치동작원리
3.�Switch�탄생배경
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Hub의 한계 및Bridge의 등장
12
CSMA/CD
1.�RX로 Traffic이들어오면 TX�기능이 Disable된다.
2.�TX로 Traffic전송하는 도중에 RX에서 Traffic이들어오면전송을 멈추고 ZAM�신호를 전달한다.�
Hub에 연결된장비는 Half�Duplex로 동작함
Hub에 연결된장비 중 한대가 Taffic을전송하고있으면 나머지장비는 전송하지못함
※ 5대의 장비가Hub에 10Mbps�회선으로연결되어 있다면?
10Mbps를 5대의장비가 Share하기때문에 각 장비는평균 2Mbps의 Traffic�전달이 가능함
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Bridge의한계 및 Switch의등장
13
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI MDI
MDI MDI
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
TXRX TXRX
RX TX RX TX
CPU
Destination MAC A.A.A가 4번 Port
에 연결되어 있군!!
1.�Delay가 많이발생한다.
2.�많은 Port를연결할 수 없다.
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Switch�개요
14
MDI-X MDI-X
Buffer Buffer
ASIC
ASIC
ASIC
ASIC
Buffer
MDI-X
Buffer
MDI-X
CAM(MAC-address)
Destination MAC A.A.A가 4번 Port
에 연결되어 있군!!
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스위치동작원리
4.�ARP�(Address�Resolution�Protocol)
15
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
ARP란 무엇인가?
16
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
IP address : 10.10.10.100MAC address : 0050:C2B3:B191
ICMP
Source IP : 10.10.10.12Destination IP : 10.10.10.100
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9FDestination MAC :
ARP
요청
10.10.10.100의MAC address가 뭐야?
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
ARP란 무엇인가?
17
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
IP address : 10.10.10.100MAC address : 0050:C2B3:B191
ICMP
Source IP : 10.10.10.12Destination IP : 10.10.10.100
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9FDestination MAC :
ARP
요청
10.10.10.100의MAC address가 뭐야?
ARP Request
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
ARP�Request�Packet
18
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
ARP란 무엇인가?
19
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
IP address : 10.10.10.100MAC address : 0050:C2B3:B191
ICMP
Source IP : 10.10.10.12Destination IP : 10.10.10.100
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9FDestination MAC :
ARP
요청
10.10.10.100의MAC address가 뭐야?
ARP Request
ARP Reply
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
ARP�Reply�Packet�구조
20
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
GARP(Gratuitous�ARP)란 무엇인가?
21
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
1.�MAC�address�변경
2.�IP�address�설정 및 변경
3.�DHCP로 받은 address�충돌여부확인
4.�VRRP/HSRP에서 Active/Standby�변경 시
GARP(Gratuitous ARP)
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
GARP(Gratuitous�ARP)�Packet�구조
22
reply
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
reply (2)
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스위치동작원리
5.�Switch�동작원리
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Collision�Domain�생성
24
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI-X MDI-X
MDI MDI
MDI MDI
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
TXRX TXRX
RX TX RX TX
Full Duplex Full Duplex
Full Duplex Full Duplex
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Switch�동작원리 :�Learning�&�Flooding
25
Port #1 Port #2
Port #3 Port #4
GARP
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
IP address : 10.10.10.100MAC address : 0050:C2B3:B191
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9F Destination MAC : FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
VLAN Port MAC address
GARP
Source MAC : 0050:C2B3:B191 Destination MAC : FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
1 4 0050:C2B3:B191
1 1 0025.22C1.0B9F
Switch는 Destination�MAC�address를 MAC�address�table에서
찾지 못한 경우들어온 Port를 제외한 나머지 Port들로 Flooding함
Switch는 유입된 Frame의 Source�MAC�address�정보를 Learning하
여 MAC�address�table을 만든다.
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Switch�동작원리 :�Forwarding�&�Filtering
26
Port #1 Port #2
Port #3 Port #4
ARP
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
IP address : 10.10.10.100MAC address : 0050:C2B3:B191
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9F Destination MAC : FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
VLAN Port MAC address
ARP
Source MAC : 0050:C2B3:B191 Destination MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9F
1 4 0050:C2B3:B191
1 1 0025.22C1.0B9F
Switch는 Destination�MAC�address를 MAC�address�table에서
찾은 경우 해당MAC�address가 존재하는 Port로만 Forwarding함
Switch는 Frame이 유입된 Port로는 전송하지 않으며, MAC�address를
table에 존재하는 경우타 Port로는 전송하지 않음
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Switch�동작원리 :�Unknown�Unicast
2727
Port #1 Port #2
Port #3 Port #4
Frame
IP address : 10.10.10.12MAC address : 0025.22C1.0B9F
IP address : 10.10.10.100MAC address : 0050:C2B3:B191
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9F Destination MAC : 0050.C2B3.B191
VLAN Port MAC address
1 4 0050:C2B3:B191
1 1 0025.22C1.0B9F
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Duplex�mismatch
28
Full-Duplex Half-Duplex
Collision?
Duplex�mismatch보다 양쪽모두 Half-Duplex로 구성하는
것이속도가더빠르다.
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Port�Speed�mismatch
29
Port
#1
Port
#2
Buf
fer
Buf
fer
50Mbps 10Mbps
Buffer Full40Mbps Drop
Buf
fer
100Mbps10Mbps
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
MAC�Spoofing과MAC-address�Table
30
Port
#1
ASI
C
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9F
Destination MAC : 0050.C2B3.B191
Control-Plane
Data-Plane
Process
Source MAC : 0025.22C1.0B9F
CAM table
Hash
Destination MAC : Hash
Not 48bit16bit or 17bitSource MAC #1
Source MAC #2Source MAC #3Source MAC #4Source MAC #5...
CAM table
더이상MAC�address�학습이불가능하여Hub처럼동작
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ALL�OF�THE�NETWORK�SOLUTION
Redundancy�구조에서의 Looping�발생
31
Unknown Unicast/Broadcast/Multicast