suzuki, yôiti › en › project › pdf › te00034.pdftohoku university is located in sendai...
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Toward Advance Open Air PA Systems to Convey Disaster Information Timely and Properly
SUZUKI, YôitiResearch Institute of Electrical Communication & Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
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Tohoku University is located in Sendai
Sendai is the capital of Miyagi Prefecture & center of Tohoku District of Japan
ca. 1M habitants Epicenter
Nicknamed as a city of green woods
It is located 200 km direct west of the epicenter of the earthquake on 11 March, 2011
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Extremely high tidal waves attacked coastal wood (Sendai Plain 仙台平野)
3
March 11, 15:56
(共同通信)http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/03/massive_earthquake_hits_japan.html
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The “Disaster public-address radio network”
Most of the rural areas in Japan is covered by out-door public address system This system is calledThis system is called the “disaster public-address (PA) radio network”
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Problems revealed by the Tohoku Earthquake
On March 11, 2011Only around half of the citizens got the alarm of extremely high tidal wave by this public PA system
Problems:Tower destructionTower destructionElectric power downLow intelligibilityLow intelligibility
This is what we want to solve!
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Low speech intelligibility problem
Long path echo &sound mixture problem
From plural towers, sounds with large delay times of a few to even 10 seconds are mixed to arrive at a listener
It is, therefore, important to describe the detracting characteristics of the long-path echoes on speech intelligibility
This often makes the speech sound hard to understand
This problem, however, has not examined almost at all
reflection
Direct soundreflection
reflection
Long-path echoes make the intelligibility extremely low!
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Measurement at Higasi-Matsushima City onNov. 11, 2011
Objective: Measurement of the long-distance acoustic transfer functions with various soundsScheme: As one of Urgent Projects 2011 by RIEC Director’s leadership
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Locations of 3 stations measured
Station 41
Station 40
Station 59
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Scenes of the measurement on 2 Nov. 2011
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deAn example of the impulse responses
Impulse responses corresponding to the 3stations are heavily mixed
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.52.0 3.0 4.0time (s)
Rela
tive
am
plitud
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Speech signals convolved with a measured impulse response
A measured impulse response (IR)
Phrase 1Dry source signalSignal convolved with the IRg
Phrase 2Dry source signalSignal convolved with the IR
WordsDry source signalSignal convolved with the IR
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A new project for optimal system design
Our efforts 2011 revealed that appropriate design methods of the PA system is highly required
We have got a grant from Ministry of Internal Aff i d C i ti (MIC)
!! !!
Enough intelligible anywhere!!Area A
Area B
Affairs and Communications (MIC)
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R&D to improve speech intelligibility
GIS based impulse response estimationsEvaluation of long-path echoes on speech intelligibilityDirectivity control by phased array technologyNetwork based system characteristic control etcNetwork based system characteristic control etc…
・Directivity control for loudspeaker array
High-gainLow-gain
Loudspeaker array
Digital signal proc.
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Measurement at Higashi Matsushima on 28-30 May, 2012
ObjectivesMeasurement of PA system directivitiesMeasurement of intelligibility with long-path echoes
約500m東松島 肘曲
P5
約200m
P1(1m)
P2P3
P4
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
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Scenes of intelligibility measurement
Speech intelligibillities weremeasured for speech signalsfrom one and three system(s)
Hearing test of one PA system Hearing test when 3 PA systems mix
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Measurement was also held at Arahama (荒浜), a flooded area in Sendai (31 May & 1 Jun 2012
16
Sendai Station
Katahira Campus
Amamiya CampusSeiryo Campus
Sendai City Tagajô City
Kawauchi CampusAobayama Campus
Geographical Survey InstituteNatori City
Total flooded area: 561km2
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Measurement in Arahama, Sendai
Transfer functions and directivities were measured sea-coast area of Sendai
仙台荒浜荒浜小学校
P1(1m)
P2P8
P9
仙台荒浜荒浜分団車庫
約200m
約200m
約500m
約500m
P1(1m)
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7 P10
P2 P3 P4
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
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Scenes of measurement in Arahama
Transfer functions and basic characteristics fordirectivity control wereexamined
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Our goal for the immediate future
We ara examining estimation & evaluation method of open-air PA system performances
Service area design method of the PA system
!! !!
Enough intelligible anywhere!!Area A
Area B
Optimum design method of the service areas
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Colleagues & Acknowledgement
Team membersSaito F, Cui ZL, Sakamoto S (Tohoku University)Iwaya Y (Tohoku Gakuin Univerisity)Morimoto M, Sato H (Kobe University)Usagawa T Chisaki Y (Kumamoto University)Usagawa T, Chisaki Y (Kumamoto University)Takashima H, Aoki M (Nittobo Acoustic Engineering) Sato H (AIST)
A part of this study is supported by:FY2011 RIEC Urgent Cooperative Research ProgramFY2011-12 Grant by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications