sutd-mit international design centre (idc) final report: … · sutd-mit international design...

Version: September 2015

SUTD-MITINTERN ATIONALDESIGNCENTRE ( IDC)

Innovat ion Ready Design

SUTD-MIT INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CENTRE (IDC) Final Report: SUTD IDC UROP

SUMMARY Title: SUTD Smart Bicycle Sharing System Date of Report Submission:

12-Feb-16

Student(s):

Name Email Student ID

Lee Jun Xiang

[email protected] 1000470

Tee May Ying


Pornthip Sae-Chong

[email protected]

1000648

Tan Chang Tat


Kelly Kuo


Lee Li Zhen


Jackie Lim Guang Jie


Angel Chia


Chok Xin Lin


mailto:[email protected]








F I N A L R E P O R T : S U T D I D C U R O P

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Chong Shi Kai


Benjamin Hoong


Faculty Mentor:

Lynette Cheah Soh Gim Song Zhang Meihui Costas Courcoubetis

SUTD IDC Funding (S$):

20,000

Start Date: 14-Oct-14 End Date: 12-Feb-16


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Contents Describe the research methodologies used for this project and comment on your research findings. Provide pictures for illustration where necessary/available. ....................................................................... 4

In your original IDC UROP proposal, a set of deliverables were proposed. Restate the proposed deliverables and describe how the deliverables were achieved or exceeded. Please provide explanation(s) for deliverables that could not be met. ................................................................................ 9

Provide an overall assessment and conclusion for the project. ................................................................. 18

Appendix A .................................................................................................................................................. 19

Appendix B .................................................................................................................................................. 22

Appendix C .................................................................................................................................................. 24

Appendix D .................................................................................................................................................. 47


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Describe the research methodologies used for this project and comment on your research findings. Provide pictures for illustration where necessary/available. Business Validation

The proposed concept of having a smart bicycle sharing in Singapore was validated through a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo launched in November 2015. Of the targeted 2500 USD goal, we achieved a final goal of 2736 USD, with a total of 66 backers online, and 51 backers offline1. We gained publicity through various newspaper and journals such as The Straits Times2, Second Wind Magazine3, SG Now4, and e275.

From the crowdfunding campaign and publications, we were contacted by a few parties who were interested in having a bicycle sharing system set up at their development. These include JTC, LendLease, and UOL Group. At the writing of this report, we are still in discussions in implementing the system at their location.

LTA is also planning to release an open tender this year, and we have been in contact with them in future collaborative options.

ISTD

1. Server Connection:

We looked into possible ways to establish connection between server and devices i.e. mini-pc on bike and mobile application:

• Sockets connection. Open socket on device side to connect to receiving socket on server through IP address to store data on the server.

• HTTP POST/GET. Server running API service to serve API requests from the devices. Data is sent through URI requests to server.

• MySQL client-server connection. Installing MySQL client on mini-pc to directly connect to MySQL hosted on personal computer.

2. Server Concurrency:

We learned how to estimate concurrency by expecting how many users would use the server at the same time to help determine what kind of server is best suited for the project:

1 Proceeds went towards funds for entrepreneurship capstone 2 http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/tired-of-the-hikes-sutd-students-share-bikes-to-commute-between-expo-mrt-and?utm_campaign=Echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#xtor=CS1-10 3 http://secondwindmagazine.com/crowdfunding-singapores-new-bike-sharing-system-zaibike/ 4 http://sg.asia-city.com/city-living/news/new-bike-sharing-service-may-make-your-commute-better?utm_source=hootsuite#sthash.ZrWoIHEn.dpuf 5 https://e27.co/startup-spotlight-zaibike-changing-singapores-cycling-culture-smart-tech-20160121/?utm_campaign=coschedule&utm_source=facebook_page&utm_medium=e27&utm_content=Startup+in+Spotlight%3A+ZaiBike+is+changing+Singapore%27s+cycling+culture+with+smart+tech

http://secondwindmagazine.com/crowdfunding-singapores-new-bike-sharing-system-zaibike/

http://sg.asia-city.com/city-living/news/new-bike-sharing-service-may-make-your-commute-better?utm_source=hootsuite#sthash.ZrWoIHEn.dpuf

http://sg.asia-city.com/city-living/news/new-bike-sharing-service-may-make-your-commute-better?utm_source=hootsuite#sthash.ZrWoIHEn.dpuf

https://e27.co/startup-spotlight-zaibike-changing-singapores-cycling-culture-smart-tech-20160121/?utm_campaign=coschedule&utm_source=facebook_page&utm_medium=e27&utm_content=Startup+in+Spotlight%3A+ZaiBike+is+changing+Singapore%27s+cycling+culture+with+smart+tech




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We looked at the probability that n users would query the server at the same time by estimating amount of users at different time of the day i.e. breakfast, lunch, dinner etc. We sent out surveys to SUTD students to analyse the amount of traffic we would expect. (Appendix A)

Concurrency helps to identify server capacity and how powerful our server should be to handle concurrency

3. Server type:

There are two possible ways to host a server, physically or using cloud space offered by cloud operator:

• Physical server. Powerful high storage PC, rack server from Dell, ASUS etc. • Cloud server. Google App Engine, virtualising server on SUTD server.

4. Mobile application:

We downloaded several bike share mobile applications (See Figure 1) such as 杭州公共自行车 (Hangzhou Public Bike app), Social Bicycles (SoBi), Velib and City. The following features are found in some of these bikes:

• Map - SoBi, Hangzhou, Velib, City • Bike availability - SoBi, Hangzhou, Velib, City • Parking availability - SoBi, Hangzhou, Velib, City • Search - SoBi, Velib, City • Favourite - Hangzhou, Velib • Current location - Hangzhou, Velib • Refresh - Velib • Balance amount - SoBi • More - Hangzhou, Velib

From this case study, we realised that the primary features for a mobile application were map, bike and parking availability, search, favourite; while the rest of the features were secondary.

We also found out that map took almost 90% of the entire app screen and availability of parking space and unused bike were easily accessed and visible from the app. Also, maps were, by default, zoom in to a level such that one can see more than five parking spot/bike availability on their phone screen.


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Figure 1 From left is City, Hangzhou, Sobi, Velib bicycle sharing mobile application

5. Website: We researched into different ways we could make website which could be using PHP or HTML:

• HTML mark-up language is used to display text, image and other styling of the site while PHP is more for connection with server. PHP is not able to do styling

• There are many frameworks available for html e.g. Django, Jinja etc. to connect to database and front end responsive framework e.g. Bootstrap, Skeleton , w3.css etc.

• JavaScript is used to programme html element dynamically. JQuery, a JavaScript Library is available which facilitate the use of JavaScript

ESD

The ESD team embarked on our research process with the objective of exploring the possibility of a bike sharing system in Singapore, using SUTD’s East Coast Campus (ECC) as a preliminary platform for our pilot testing. We began the research by conducting site analysis on the current ECC in November 2014. On site, we spoke to the main contractor to find out what are the available food choices both within and outside campus, and also the locations where bike racks will potentially be placed. Details have been marked out on the ECC site plan (see Appendix A).

At time of visit, the exact number and locations of bike racks within campus have yet to be finalised, hence I shall collectively refer to the main rack below the grand staircase and the other racks beside each hostel kitchen as “hostel rack”. Based on the site visit, we identified three possible hubs on campus – Building 1 bike rack, hostel rack, or the Sports Hall rack. However, due to ECC’s relatively small area, these hubs are in close proximity to each other. Therefore, we decided to refer to all bike racks within campus as just “campus hub” External areas of interest in ECC’s vicinity such as Expo MRT, Simei MRT station, Tanah Merah MRT station and Changi Business Park were also identified as potential hubs.

Due to the team’s limited expertise in starting a bike sharing system and our manpower limitations, we decided to keep our operations small by narrowing the pilot trial to include only one external hub. Out of the four nearby hubs as aforementioned, we chose the hub that we foresee would be the most


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popular – Expo MRT. Though there is no direct bus service there, it is the nearest MRT and also strategically located right next to commercial facilities like Changi City Point and FairPrice Xtra at UE BizHub East. With an abundance of food and beverages outlets at a walking distance of 10 minutes away, we expect many students to stop at Expo MRT. As for Simei and Tanah Merah MRT stations, there is at least 1 dedicated bus service that travels from the nearest bus stop from SUTD – Opposite Tropicana Condominium (B96049) – to each MRT station. Furthermore, the main contractor had observed that traffic along the road towards these stations was usually heavy and there was no existing cycling path that connects from campus to them. Hence, cycling to these hubs would pose as a safety hazards for our students. Changi Business Park was also eliminated as our students have no purpose in travelling to this industrial area and there would be low, or even no demand.

Next, we did quantitative data research by collecting survey results (see Appendix B) among our target users – SUTD students – to gauge the level of interest in a bike sharing system, and to obtain some insight regarding bike usage and ride purpose. Prior to conducting the survey, we compiled a list (see Appendix C) of transportation options and prices to nearby places in ECC’s vicinity for the students’ reference, as most of them are not familiar with the geography of the Upper Changi area prior to SUTD’s move from Dover. The survey returned hopeful results, as 96% of the 204 survey participants are interested in such a system and 95% expected themselves to use this service on a daily or weekly basis. 65% also estimated their ride duration to be less than an hour, emphasising the need for a solution for short distance travels, or specifically the first- and last-mile problem.

Daily < 30 minutes x < $1 96 66 69

49.23% 33.85% 35.38% Weekly 30 minutes to 1 hour $1 < x <= $1.50

89 60 62 45.64% 30.77% 31.79%

Monthly > 1 hour $1.50 < x <= $2 8 50 27

4.10% 25.64% 13.85% Other > 3 hours $2 < x <= $3

2 9 9 1.03% 4.62% 4.62%

The entire day > $3 10 2 5.13% 1.03%

Extract from survey results

Next, we did our background research on existing bike sharing systems such as Hubway in Boston and the Hangzhou Public Bicycle to seek for more insights into the challenges of operating a bike sharing system. One key learning point is that Hubway has 50% public funding while Hangzhou Public Bicycle is entirely funded by the municipal government. For Hubway, the revenue streams come mainly from sponsorships (they have at least eighteen corporate sponsors) and they do not rely heavily on pricing models to make profits. Rather, a pricing model for both Hubway and Hangzhou Public Bicycle mainly serves to deter users from hogging the bicycles. Hence, if we were to implement a bike sharing system in SUTD, we should not design our pricing mechanism with the aim of breaking even the capital and operating costs, but rather set prices that can effectively discourage users from hogging our bicycles.


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However, it is also important to note that one key difference between the case studies and our situation is the number of hubs. As mentioned previously, for our pilot trial, we will only be institutionalizing two hubs, which is the campus hub and Expo MRT station. Therefore, our users will mainly use the bicycles for round trips, where they travel to their desired locations, which may not be hubs, and return to the same location where they started their journey. One such example will be Bedok Market Place or Simpang Bedok, which is a popular supper spot in the vicinity. We can expect users to make a round trip there even though it is not an identified hub. This is unlike in case studies where there can be hundreds of hubs available in clusters for a user to rent or return a bike. This deviation from the case studies results in a different usage pattern.

From the fieldwork we collected from mapping routes, we discovered that on average, a duration of one hour is sufficient to cycle to places of interest in the ECC vicinity. Hence, for the pilot trial, we will be implementing a preliminary pricing model of having the first hour free. From the survey, 68% of participants preferred an hour of bike rental to be less than $1.50. Therefore, to boost the adoption rate of our new bike sharing system within the SUTD community, we decided to charge a usage fee of $0.50 for every subsequent half an hour of usage. The assumption is that users have to pay a fixed monthly subscription fee to buy themselves the first free hour of usage.

EPD

Our research yielded results which shows that most of the cost incurred by these automated bike-sharing companies comes from reallocation and high set-up cost from building and maintaining the electronic hubs. This encouraged us to look for solutions which could reduce the dependency on electronic hubs and to shift the capabilities of the hubs to the bike itself, thus saving costs. The research, experiments and findings are presented in the next section on how these deliverables were achieved.


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In your original IDC UROP proposal, a set of deliverables were proposed. Restate the proposed deliverables and describe how the deliverables were achieved or exceeded. Please provide explanation(s) for deliverables that could not be met. Operational Deliverable

Our overall deliverable was to create a bicycle sharing system that functions in the school. This deliverable doubled as a validation for the use of bicycle sharing in a school context. In November 2015, we launched a minimum viable product version of the system, including 2 pilot trials run for 1 week (2-8 Nov) and 4 weeks (23 Nov – 25 Dec). The operational system is still ongoing as in February 2016.

In this system, we used QR codes to enable our users to rent or return the bicycles. QR codes were separated in 2 classes, 1 for bicycle, the other for racks. Users use our mobile app to scan the QR code on the bike, which gives them the number combination for the bike. They can then ride the bike to another parking space, before manually locking the bike and scanning the QR code on the rack to return it.

During the pilot, we used 10 bicycles and 6 rack locations in the school, and 1 at Expo MRT. Development and findings of this pilot will be further elaborated below. The current operations will continue in 2016 with further additions to the technology and an increased fleet size.

ISTD

1. Server Deliverables:

We chose to use Google App engine cloud server as it is a web application platform which is easy and fast to set up. We were not able to host our server on SUTD server due to security concerns.

App on Google on Engine is able to serve API service to mobile application Android/IOS through HTTP POST/GET requests showing user bikes at designated racks, rent and return bikes

2. Website for user sign up and viewing

Website is up and running on www.zaibike.com which display basic information of the project.

Users are able to sign up through website and use our bikes between SUTD and designated racks

3. Mobile Application (implemented on iOS and Android)

Having mobile application able to rent and return bike to server with QR code scanner.

http://www.zaibike.com/


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Figure 2 Left: Scan QR code, Right: Lock combination displayed on app


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Having mobile application able to display number of bikes and parking space available.

Figure 3 Left: App showing available bike when user haven't rent the bike; Right: App showing parking spaces after user has rent the bike


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Users are able to log in to the mobile application using their own phone number.

Figure 4 App showing login form for registered user to key in their phone number for authentication

Since the system is new, we have decided not to charge usage fee from the users as we are more interested to garner interest from users and obtain feedback from them. Hence, no payment system is implemented on the app during IDC phase.

ESD

We have completed and elaborated in detail above regarding our background research, fieldwork and preliminary modelling. However, we have not managed to implement a dynamic pricing mechanism.

Despite the pilot trials conducted, we have yet to understand our user needs and characteristics better. Due to the relatively small pickup rate in school, our data size is rather small. In addition, we have limitations in the number of hubs, so we would have to explore beyond the pricing models used in our case studies. Hence, we will need to conduct more market research such as interviewing our users to understand them better before coming up with a pricing mechanism that is suitable for our population demographics.

Judging from increased number of users signing up for the second pilot trial, we see the population gaining more awareness of the affordability and convenience of such a system. Full analysis of pilot trials results has been put together in an infographic format for easier reference (see Appendix D).

As there are only two hubs now, the system may not seem as complex, but the fleet balance would definitely pose a problem should we decide to scale up the system to include more hubs. Hence,


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redistribution would need to be properly tackled using economic forces such as dynamic pricing, which we have yet to explore.

EPD

Originally, the idea of the bike sharing system was to review existing bike sharing systems in Singapore and overseas to develop a more complete and sustainable bike-sharing system to be implemented in Singapore. The implementation of traditional bike-and-hub system seems to be the most intuitive and reliable solution to bike-sharing at first, but after further research and ideation, our team came up with a more novel solution.

With this, we came up with the idea of an on-board computer and app-based system where users can use their smartphone to rent bikes with an on-board micro-controller which controls the lock and tracks the bike. The on-board computer is able to communicate with the server by updating the server of the bike’s rental status and location.

The system comprises of a few components which makes it a viable solution:

• Energy Source • Lock Mechanism • Tracking Mechanism • Payment System • Anti-theft / Safety

These components will be explained in detail in the next few sub-sections.


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1. Energy Source

Because our smart bike comes with an onboard computer, it requires a reliable and constant source of electrical energy. However, because we were not yet certain of the energy requirements of our onboard computer and supporting systems, we only did preliminary research on the possible types of energy sources.

Here we have identified 2 most feasible energy sources to keep in view:

1. Solar energy

The solar panels used should maximize power output while minimizing size, so as to keep the system as portable and unobtrusive as possible. Possible models of solar panels to be used on bike are:

MC-SP0.8-NF-GCS MSX-01F MSX-005F Power rating: 0.8W Power rating: 1.2W Power rating: 0.5W Dimensions: 140x100mm Dimensions: 127x127mm Dimensions: 114x67mm


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2. Bike dynamo The bike dynamo was another feasible energy source. There are 3 main types of bike dynamos:

Pros Cons

Hub dynamos

No moving parts - less susceptible to wear and tear; silent

Most efficient (~3.0W on average)

More expensive

More difficult to retrofit on existing bikes

Bottle dynamos

Easy to retrofit on existing bikes

No extra resistance when disengaged

Slippage (when tires are wet)

Noisier

Needs to be precisely positioned

Bottom bracket dynamos

Less slippage Not as common today

Requires more effort to pedal and generate energy

In our next stage of research, we will prototype these energy sources with the full onboard computer system and evaluate each energy source according to the following criteria: reliability, cost, output power.


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2. Locking Mechanism

Figure 2: 2nd lock design Figure 3: First lock design

The locking mechanism is used as a method to initialise and end the rental by users. This locking process is automated to ensure that the bike is properly locked and cannot be unlocked manually when not in use. The locking and unlocking procedure is being initialised by the user’s app which notifies the server, which then communicates with the on-board Arduino via the GSM module. The on-board computer would then activate the motor to engage or disengage the locking mechanism. The lock designs as shown above are visualisations of how the locks look like as a proof of concept of the mechanisms contained within the lock. A RFID reader is included in the lock to ensure that the lock is placed against the authorised bike racks with the RFID tags when it is being locked.

The second design was 3d printed, but lacked a suitably strong chain that could be stored in a tidy manner and could house the cables connecting to the lock’s electronic components. The construction of the lock is fairly complex and difficult to scale down to a smaller lock design. It is also difficult to adapt the lock for different kinds of bike racks due to the variety of bike racks available in Singapore.

3. Tracking Mechanism

One key feature lacking in other bike-sharing systems overseas is a tracking mechanism that is capable of identifying their bikes’ locations. This might be due to the low cost of replacing a bicycle overseas.

However, as our bike will have its self-locking mechanism, these components will increase the price of replacing a stolen bike, and also increases the attractiveness of our bikes to potential thieves wanting to steal our bikes.

Hence, a tracking mechanism is a key feature that should be incorporated into our final product. Given the high cost of bike replacement, it is crucial that the tracking mechanism is as reliable and accurate as possible.

Below are some key features of a reliable tracking mechanism:

• able to detect bike both indoors and outdoors


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• bikes are not ‘lost’, i.e. system on bike does not disconnect by itself • small in size to fit on a bike without adding too much weight • low energy consumption, sustainable

Exploration

1st Prototype: Beaglebone Black

In our first prototype, we used a BeagleBone Black as the mini-computer, with its corresponding tracking cape. Although it did work, there were worries that it might draw too much energy. As it does not fulfill the abovementioned energy-saving feature, this makes the onboard device infeasible for operation.

Thus, we decided to switch to Arduino Uno v3 and the SIM808 tracking chip instead.

2nd Prototype: Arduino Uno

In our second prototype, we used an Arduino Uno with the SIM808 tracking chip that has onboard GPS and GSM modules. We managed to utilise the GPS module to get location data of the bike, and use the GSM module to send location data collected from the GSM module back to the servers with a certain refresh rate. However, these two modules are currently working independently of each other as of now.

Given that it fits the abovementioned requirements, we felt that the Arduino Uno with the SIM808 works as a decent prototype-stage tracking mechanism.

A possible next step would be for us to implement this tracking mechanism on a fleet of bikes, so that we can test for any irregularities with the system and server during expansion.

4. Payment Systems

There were a few payment options that we could choose from, namely: Online payment with credit/debit cards

Because online payment does not require any hardware on the bike, we have moved this functionality to the Android/iOS app.

5. Anti-Theft/Safety/Additional Features

There has been no progress on anti-theft due to the change in on-board computer. Safety features have not been prototyped due to the absence of bicycle and proper devices. There were considerations on putting an on-board alarm which goes off if the bike is being shifted or subjected to irregular movements when locked.


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Provide an overall assessment and conclusion for the project. Within the project timeframe, we ran into many technological challenges in developing the device for the system. However, we managed to launch a prototype service of the system without the device in order to validate that a bicycle sharing system is needed. The mobile application serving the operation was basic enough to allow SUTD residents to effectively sign up and use the system. The data obtained from the pilot trials gave us insights in usage behaviour, but were insufficient in testing out the pricing model. The lessons learnt from the development of the device and lock will be taken into account in future development.

In conclusion, a bicycle sharing system is a valid mode of commute for Singapore residents, but further validation needs to be done on whether a smart bicycle sharing system is required or necessary in the public domain. Our future development will be focused on validating that cause by creating a system suitable for public use.


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Appendix A

Will you use this system? Usage Summary Yes 139 No 7 Total 146

Where will you most likely go to?

Location Summary Count Of Max capacity Distribution SUTD Campus 92 63.01% 0.20131291 Changi Biz Park 55 37.67% 0.12035011 Expo Mrt 99 67.81% 0.2166302 Simei MRT 80 54.79% 0.1750547 Changi city pt 131 89.73% 0.28665208


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Which day will you more likely use the bicycles? Usage by days Count Of Max Capacity Monday 95 65.07% Tuesday 86 58.90% Wed 108 73.97% Thurs 91 62.33% Fri 111 76.03% Sat 51 34.93% Sun 59 40.41%

What time will you more likely use the bicycles?

Time Breakdown Count 7 to 8 21 8 to 9 25 9 to 10 0 10 to 11 0 11 to 12 16 12 to 1 36 1 to 2 38 2 to 3 0 3 to 4 0 4 to 5 0 5 to 6 71 6 to 7 106 7 to 8 95

What will be the purpose of your trip?

Meals 129 88.36% Shopping for Groceries 104 71.23% MRT Last Mile 80 54.79% Exercise 28 19.18% Recreation 48 32.88%


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Which meal will you take use the bicycles for? Weekday Breakfast 21 14.38% Weekday Lunch 45 30.82% Weekday Dinner 121 82.88% Weekend Bfast 20 13.70% Weekend Lunch 42 28.77% Weekend Dinner 55 37.67%

How likely will you make a roundtrip? Low 1 55 2 37 3 22 4 17 High 5 15


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Appendix B SUTD Smart Bicycle Sharing System (SBikes)

We are a team of SUTD students implementing the SUTD Smart Bicycle Sharing System (SBikes) in the ECC. SBikes will provide sharable smart bicycles for SUTD residents to travel in and around campus. Below, we have provided a brief questionnaire to gauge your interest in our service.

After conducting an on-site survey of ECC, we found that there is no direct public bus service and it will take approximately 15 minutes to walk from Expo MRT Station. Given this information, would you be interested in a bicycle sharing system? Do share your thoughts with us by taking this short survey. Thank you for your support!

For your reference, we have compiled a list of transportation options and their corresponding prices. In addition, we have included some of the nearby places in the vicinity, such as Changi City Point, Expo, Changi Airport etc. There is also information about restaurants and eateries. The list is not exhaustive. Click here (bit.ly/eccinfo).

1. Will you be interested to support this bike sharing concept? • Yes • No

2. If yes, what would be the top 3 factors that will motivate you to join this bike sharing system? a) Environmentally-friendly transport option / Minimize your carbon footprint b) Fun way to travel c) Greater speed and accessibility d) Reduce public transportation costs e) Cut down on fuel costs f) Opportunity to bond with friends through a common exercise g) To exercise and keep fit h) Others (please specify):

3. Will you be staying at the ECC Hostel coming 2015? • Yes • No

4. Do you have access to a car or any other personal vehicles (motorcycles, personal bikes, etc.)? • Yes • No

5. What would be your trip purposes? (You can choose as many as possible.) a) Meals b) Recreation / Exercise c) As a feeder mode to reach public transportation d) To / From work e) Travelling to various places in the vicinity f) Others (please specify):

6. How often do you foresee yourself using this system? a) Daily b) Weekly

https://www.google.com/url?q=http://bit.ly/eccinfo&sa=D&ust=1455208178693000&usg=AFQjCNGeQzvDXsikaXMLvwMdfFGtD66sZA


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c) Monthly d) Others (please specify):

7. What is your estimated time of usage of the bike per trip? a) <30 minutes b) 30 minutes to 1 hour c) > 1 hour d) > 3 hours e) The entire day

8. What is the maximum amount of money you are willing to pay for an hour of bike rental?

(For your reference, prices of regular bike rental in Singapore is about $4-8 per hour.

Based on information taken from http://www.bicyclekingdom.com/rental/Singapore.htm & http://www.smbf.com.sg/rental.htm .)

• x < $1 • $1 < x <= $1.50 • $1.50 < x <= $2 • $2 < x <= $3 • > $3

http://www.bicyclekingdom.com/rental/Singapore.htm

http://www.smbf.com.sg/rental.htm


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Appendix C

UROP Preliminary Research I (ESD) Mapping, availability & prices of public transport in East Coast Area

I. From Changi Business Park to Expo Station

Main mode Prices Duration Time period Remarks Bus – fixed route

Refer below

5 min ± 10 min waiting time

Full day Bus 20 was launched in 2013 . Refer to Map for route

Bus – feeder/ shuttle

Free 7 min 11.45am to 2pm (lunchtime)

10- to 15-minute intervals last bus departs from Singapore Expo at 1.45pm

$3-$3.50 Not known. Peak Off-peak: not available Weekends: uncertain

Available from various MRT stations http://www.mybus.com.sg/premium-bus-routes.html

Taxi $3.22 3 min All Refer to map for route


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By foot - 15 min All 1.3km, refer to map for route By Car - 3 min / 1.1km All Refer to map for route

Route 1.1 – Changi Business Park to Expo MRT via Bus 20


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Route 1.2 - Changi Business Park to Expo via Taxi


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Route 1.3 - CBP to Expo Mrt via Walking

Route 1.4 - CBP to Expo Mrt via Car / bike


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Details on Bus Services to Changi Business Park (Bus No 20)


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20

SBS Transit Weekdays Saturdays Suns / P.Hs

1st bus Last bus 1st bus Last bus 1st bus Last bus

Tampines Int 0600 2330 0600 2330 0600 2330

Period 0630 - 0830 0831 - 1659 1700 - 1900 After 1900

Freq. Range 09 - 11 minutes 10 - 13 minutes 10 - 14 minutes 12 - 16 minutes

From Bus Stop Code: 96329 To Bus Stop Code: 96319

* Fare Type Card Cash ^ Estimated Travel Time (min) Travel Distance (km) No. of Stops

Adult $0.77 $1.30

2 0.6 1 Senior Citizen / PWD # $0.56 $1.00

Student $0.38 $0.65

WTCS # $0.65 $1.30

Additional bus that passes the area but does not enter Changi Business Park:

SERVICE 35


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From Bus Stop Code: 96229 To Bus Stop Code: 96271

* Fare Type Card Cash ^ Estimated Travel Time (min) Travel Distance (km) No. of Stops

Adult $1.29 $1.90

31 8.8 5 Senior Citizen / PWD # $0.90 $1.30

Student $0.60 $0.85

WTCS # $1.10 $1.90

II. From SUTD Campus to Expo Station

Main mode Prices Duration Time period Remarks


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Bus – fixed route

$0.77 (adult fare)

20 min Full day Buses 24, 20 and 2. Refer to map for routes and details

Bus – feeder/ shuttle

Free (if there is even one)

See if school is nice enough

Taxi $3.22 3 min All By foot - 25 min All 2 Routes Available - Refer to map

for details By car / Bicycle - 3 min (car) / 1.1

km All Refer to map for route

Route 2.1 - SUTD to Expo via Bus 24


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Route 2.4 - SUTD to Expo via Taxi


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Route 2.5 - SUTD to Expo via Walking


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Route 2.6 - SUTD to Expo via Car


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III. From SUTD to Changi Business Park

Main mode Prices Duration Time period Remarks Bus – fixed route

$0.77 (adult fare)

20 min Full day Only Bus 20 Available , Bus stop linearly 400 m away, but actual displacement is larger

Taxi $4.30 5 min All Refer to map for route By foot - 12 min All 3 Routes Available - Refer to map for

details By car / Bicycle - 5 min (car) / 1.5

km All Refer to map for route

Route 3.1 – SUTD to Changi Business Park via Bus 20


40

Route 3.2 – SUTD to Changi Business Park via Car


41

Route 3.3 - SUTD to Changi Business Park via Taxi


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Route 3.4 - SUTD to Changi Business Park via Walking


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IV . Miscelaneous information


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Linear Distance between SUTD and Bus stop leading directly to CBP / Changi City Point

Bus Route From SUTD to Changi City Point


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Car Route from SUTD to Changi City Point


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Appendix D


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SUBMITTED BY:

Name: Lee Jun Xiang

Signature: 18-Feb-16

Name: Tee May Ying


Name: Pornthip Sae-Chong


Name: Tan Chang Tat Signature: 18-Feb-16

Name: Kelly Kuo


Name: Lee Li Zhen



49

Name: Angel Chia


Name: Jackie Lim Guang Jie


Name: Benjamin Hoong


Name: Chok Xin Lin


Name: Chong Shi Kai


Name: Liao Xiao Xue


sutd-mit international design centre (idc) final report: … · sutd-mit international design...

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