Final Year Project

Mechanical Engineering Department

UET Taxila

ADVISOR

Dr. Ali Rizwan

Associate Professor

MED UET TAXILA

GROUP MEMBERS:

Gulfam ul Rehman 08-ME-54

Ali Fahad 08-ME-95

M. Azeem 08-ME-98

Energy Crisis and Pakistan

Energy Crisis and Pakistan Energy is considered to be life line of any economy

Energy is pivotal in running machinery in factories and industrial units

In Pakistan During 2009-10, Energy supply witnessed a decline of 0.64 %.

Pakistan needs around 15,000 to 20000 MW electricity per day and there is a shortfall of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day

Energy Crisis and PakistanResources of Energy

Petroleum products• In 2009-11, consumption of petroleum products was 35% of

total share of energy.

Natural Gas• Average production of natural gas is 4,048.76 million cubic

feet per day and there is an increase of 1.56 percent.

Coal• Coal is primarily being used in brick kiln and cement

industries

• Approximately 67 percent coal is imported because indigenous coal is not considered of good quality.

PAKISTAN “A DUMPING GROUND”

PAKISTAN “A DUMPING GROUND”

• There is no proper waste collection system.

• Waste is dumped on the streets.

• There are no controlled sanitary landfill sites.

• Citizens are not aware of the relationship between ways of disposing off waste and the resulting environmental and public health problems.

Effects of Waste

• Health Hazards

• Ground water pollution

• Air pollution

Typical Composition of Solid Waste in Pakistani Cities (%)

What is RDF?Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced by shredding and

dehydrating Solid waste (MSW) with a Waste Converter

technology.

Why RDF?RDF fuel pellets ranges from 75% to 85% of Coal used for

electric power generation.

The emissions of RDF are less harmful than Coal.

Coal contains approx. 70% carbon while RDF contains 52%

carbon.

Sulphur contents of RDF are lower than Coal.

RDF typically produces 1 kWh for 15460 Btu (2.6 pounds of

RDF).

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

PRODUCTION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUELS

RDF can be produced by processing:

MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)

Industrial Waste

End Markets of RDFRDF can be used:

To produce electricity

Alongside coal in Power Plants

In Cement Kiln Industry

Components of RDF Plant

Primary Shredder

Primary ShredderDesign of Shredder

Motor• Power = 3hp• Rpm = 1400• Volts = 440

Frame• Material = Mild steel• Grade = Astm 36

Belt• Type = v-belt (B Type)• No. of belts = 2• Length = 1524 mm• Grove angle = 40

Shaft• No. of shaft = 1• Material = mild steel• Length = 609.6 mm• Dia = 40mm• Rpm = 560

Pulley• No. of pulleys = 2• Material = Cast Iron• Type = B• Dia of larger pulley = 254 mm• RPM of larger pulley = 560• Dia of smaller pulley = 101.6 mm• RPM of smaller pulley = 1400

Bearing• No of bearings = 2• Type = ucp 208• Company = NTN

Blade• No. of blades = 8• Material = Tool steel

Pro-E Modeling of Shredder Components

HOPPER BODY STRIP

BLADE SHAFT WITH BLADES

Pro-E Modeling of Shredder Components

PULLEY ANGLE BEARING

ASSEMBLED MODEL