Sustainable Waste Management in Cities

Dr Washington Nyabeze

Objectives of Presentation• to propose some core indicators that can be used to drive cities

towards Sustainable Waste Management

Why have indicators?

Helps strengthen partnerships and build trust with local communities, regulators, suppliers and customers.

Supports proactive engagement with regulators.

Sharpens management’s ability to assess a facility's positive and negative impacts on the environment and society.

Provides advance warning of potential liabilities and performance problems, and highlights “triple bottom line” opportunities.

Helps a company achieve external value from its environmental management system.

Assist with overall organisational sustainability reporting processes.

InputsNational

Provincial

City of Johannesburg

Pikitup

NWMS

GautengIWMP

GDS 2040IDPIWMP

Business Plan

Alignmento Clear vision and goalso Better Communication, more

informed stakeholders and improved participation

Goals and Objectives

Priority

Measuremento Understanding what

contributes to vision

Monitoring and Evaluationo Identifying impacts – take corrective

actiono Identifying limits and opportunitieso Identifying emerging risks –

implement interventionso Better decison-making, lower risks

and costs

Achievemento Demonstrating

results!o Continuous

Improvement

Indicators

Baseline

Target

Gaps

• Measurement• Timeframe• Significance

Resources

Activities

Projects

Outputs

Risks

Outcomes

Impacts

Effici

ency

Effec

tiven

ess

% Achievement

Why do we need Metrics?

Main challenges in waste management –

need to measure and monitor performance

The main challenges in waste management can be found in the following items:

1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)4. Condition of waste management infrastructure (people, technology,

standards)5. Pricing of waste management services, financing of waste

management services, prioritisation of revenue 6. Responses to climate change impacts

.

Municipal solid waste for the whole of South Africa

1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level

• Understanding waste composition informs operational requirements and strategies

• Informs technologies and solutions• Impact of strategies can be measured

and adjusted

Examples of Indicatorso Number of people/households per

region o Volume of waste produced at source-

tonnes/ montho Volume of waste recycled by

destination/type- total volume/tonnes of waste /types of waste/destination

6 62

Recyclables10%

Putrecibles15%

Garden5%

Fines / Residues

25%

Misc & Other45%

Informal settlements

Recyclables

30%

Putrecibles

10%Garden

15%

Fines / Residues

25%

Misc & Other20%

RCR

Builders' rubble

75%

Recyclables3%

Putrecibles4%

Garden1%

Fines / Residues

6%Misc & Other11%

Illegal Dumping

Builders' rubble

19%

Recyclables3%

Putrecibles1%

Garden2%

Fines / Residues

3%

Misc & Other2%

Green 70%

Garden Sites

* PD Naidoo (2007)

(Wet Waste)

(Wet Waste)

(Wet Waste)

(Wet Waste)

1. Management of different waste streams and effecting changes at the operational level

• Waste streams per activity informs strategies, resources and interventions required

COJ population growth

Figure 1: City of Johannesburg’s population growth 2001 to 2011 (SA Census 2011).

• Increasing population in confined city area means higher densities and changed urban form

• Increased households increase consumption and demand on waste services

• Population counts and growth informs operational strategies and effective service delivery – deployment of resources and equipment

• Informs choice of materials, manufacturing, packaging, waste treatment and disposal methods

• Identification of stakeholders

• Condition of waste management infrastructure (investment, operation and maintenance)

Craddle to Grave - provide pictures of infrastructure used in handling waste from generation, separation, re-use….to disposal

Changing behaviour and consumption patterns - choicesSupply side industry and production

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

Examples of Indicatorso Level of cleanlinesso Quality of watero Air qualityo Number of unmanaged

illegal dumping spotso Condition of waste dumping

sites

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

• Visibility of litter/waste impacts citizen perception• Effectiveness of current operations and resources• Informs issues for stakeholder engagement• Number of unmanaged waste dumping sites

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

• Number of unmanaged waste dumping spots

• Condition of waste dumping spots

2. Impacts of waste management practices on people and ecosystems (pollution and health)

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)

Examples of Indicatorso Number of people/households per region

participating in recyclingo Level of awareness of recyclingo Quantity of waste re-used/recycledo Quantity of gas producedo Quantity of waste disposed at landfillo Volumes of gas producedo Tonnes of waste recycled

Separation at SourceMaterials Recovery Facility

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)

Activity 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14Collected RCR 527,766 691,367 662,883 651,607 646,019Illegal Dumping 124,278 138,369 259,894 211,228 229,709Dailies 6,517 2,854 5,564 15,149 17,943Informal Area 15,728 19,415 24,754 29,126 29,629Bulk Containers 536 2,600 16,466 43,832 52,159Street Cleaning 24,895 23,903 66,077 81,685 87,135Other 0 366 4,121 2,348 3,426Garden Waste 60,498 58,349 125,057 118,563 132,110Waste Collected and Disposed by Pikitup Total 760,218 937,223 1,164,817 1,153,539 1,198,955Landfill Disposed 1,299,920 1,352,269 1,457,093 1,306,402 1,498,980Difference (tons) 539,702 415,046 292,275 152,863 300,025% Difference 41% 30% 20% 11% 25%

Activity 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14Waste Collected and Disposed by Pikitup Total 23% 24% -1% 4%Landfill Disposed 4% 8% -10% 15%

Waste collected (tonnes)

Waste collected – Annual increase/decrease (%)

Waste Tonnages Collected and Disposed

3. Waste re-use and disposal (participation, knowledge and technology)

Tonnes of waste recycled

Volume of gas produced

4. Condition of waste management infrastructure (people, technology, standards)

Examples of Indicatorso Number of people participating in recycling

initiativeso Effectiveness of technology and functioning

statuso Distance to waste handling sites

(Landfill/garden sites/incinerator)o Number of waste recycling facilitieso Condition of landfill and remaining airspace

Goudkoppies

Ennerdale

Robinson Deep

Marie Louise

Conditions of Landfill Sites

5. Pricing of waste management services, financing of waste management services, prioritisation of revenue

Examples of Indicatorso OPEX/CAPEXo Budget allocation per activityo Number of people involved per

activity

• How are waste services actually financed?o Property rateso Service chargeso Government operating granto Subsidy from COJ

• Challenges for Johannesburgo Payment for street cleaningo Payment for illegal dumpingo Land fill charges

• Polluter pays principle: Opportunities for Johannesburgo Recyclable materials have a value o Pricing of recyclable materialso Recycling industry is growing

28%

7%

31%

5%

4%

6%

2%2% 12%

3% 0%Budget Allocation

Domestic RCR Informal Settlements Street Cleaning & Clean CityIllegal Dumping Waste MinimisationGarden Sites Business RCR Business DailiesLandfill Management Commercial Bulk Services Composting

6. Responses to climate change impacts

Examples of Indicatorso Climate change strategy actionso Demand side managemento Quantity of waste strewn in public areas (garbage counts)

A number of environmental challenges that is likely to be aggravated as the economy grows if natural resources are not properly managed and protected. These include:

o poor air quality with adverse impacts on society;

o greenhouse gases contribute to climate Change;

o inappropriate land-use resulting in land degradation;

o biodiversity loss and damage to terrestrial ecosystems;

o deteriorating water quality with severe impacts for South Africa as a water

stressed nation; and

o increasing levels of solid waste generation comparable to many developed

countries.

Landfills: Management of airspace availability

Typical Landfill Airspace (as at Feb 2015)

Landfill Geographical area Years left

Marie Louise West 6

Ennerdale South 13

Robinson deep Central 7

Goudkoppies South 15

Average 9

Note: - No City managed landfills in the North of the City

21

It’s not all about reporting…

It’s about changing management and business

practices

Sustainable Waste Management in Cities

Why have indicators?

“We cannot manage what we cannot measure”“We cannot measure something

what we cannot define”“What gets communicated, gets understood”

Thank You