sustainable urban form for india [compatibility mode]
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SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM FOR INDIA
Chetan Vaidya
and
Satmohini Isha Srivastava Ray
National Conference onSustainable CitiesSuratApril 4-5, 2011
Organized by
Surat Municipal Corporation
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Urban form is a strong determinant of the ecological footprintof a city. Compact and sprawling urban forms can directly
impact the citys environmental future.A sustainable form enables the city to function within itsnatural and man made carrying capacities- is user friendly
Sustainability and Urban Form
.
Sustainable development is the development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report.
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Balancing Economic, Social, andEnvironment Needs/Issues
Efficient Equitable/Inclusive
Citizens Participation
Security
Principles of Sustainable Form
Urban Form:
Size and shape of cities
Density
Land use
Layout
Infrastructure provision
Source:UN HABITATs Global Campaign on Urban Governance, 2002
TransportInfra-
structure
Land Use Layout
Housing/
Building
Type
Density
Urban
Form
Building form
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It is intended to remake the city
SUSTAINABLE
SYDNEY 2030:The Vision Snapshot
global and connected.
Green-minimal environmental impact;Global-thriving economy and world-class
facilities and services;Connected-by integrated transport.
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Climate Change
Global Economic Competition
Transport Congestion
Decreasing Affordability
Sydney: Challenges
ers stant oc a sa vantage Need for Maintenance of Living
Standards
Replacing Aging Infrastructure Greater Accessibility and
Inclusiveness
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Sydney : Targets for 2030:A
Reduce GhG emissions by
50% 100% of electricity demand by
local generation and 10% water
Additional housing diversity oftypes- social housing andaffordable housing
97,000 additional jobs includingfinance, business services,education
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Increased use of public transport
Atleast 10% of trips will be made by bicycle and50% pedestrian
Ever resident will be 10 minutes from social
Sydney : Targets for 2030:B
facilities Every resident within 3 minutes of continuous
green spaces
Increased level of community cohesion andsocial initiatives
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Light Rail in Martin Place: Sydney
City iscommitted to
sustainable, effective andaffordable
transport options
Quality transport is a major driver towards
sustainability.
congestion andeasily connect a
growing
number ofresidents.
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Barcelona
become a global reference model for sustainable
urban development and the economic engine forSouthern Europe.
Barcelona2020 vision:
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Barcelona
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Urban Form Components
URBAN SIZE
SHAPE
DENSITY AND COMPACTNESS
MORPHOLOGICAL
PARTS OF URBAN
AREA
MIXED USE
URBAN BLOCK LAYOUT AND SIZE
HOUSING TYPE
OPEN GREEN SPACE DISTRIBUTION
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Density helps in controlling environmental damage :
Reducing land use and protecting productive farm lands and forests. Clustering of infrastructure, civic amenities and public transportation
Supports walkability and cycling
Urban Form Components
Creating more of valuable public open space
Hence higher densities within urban settlements reduces
the cost per household for provision of infrastructure,thus providing opportunity for improved sustainability.Density can be tapered off as one goes away from this
node.
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Mixed use development encourages mixedincome agglomeration and concentration ofactivities, promote clustering of infrastructure
and transportation.
Urban Form Components
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FSI (Floor space index)which defines the ratio of
buildable floor space indexto plot area, permits anincrease in no. of floors andhence hi her densit
Urban Form Components
Concept of Public GroundArea- the concept of publicarea outside the house for
advantages of claimingownership and sufficientplot sizes and hence higher
densities
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Developing energy efficient building norms.
Increasing public transport use.
Improved urban planning which includes
preparing integrated land use and transportation
National Sustainable Habitat Mission
.
Promoting sustainable waste management
focusing on reduce-recycle-reuse and waste-to-
energy options.
Shift towards waste water reuse and recycling
wherever possible.
NSHM was approved by the Government in June
2010.
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Sustainable Urban Form forIndian Cities
Aim :
The study aims at achieving sustainabledevelo ment in ra idl rowin cities in
Research Study
India.
Lead Partners:
NIUA in association with Centre for
Environmental Planning and Technology(CEPT) University Ahmedabad, School ofPlanning and Architecture (SPA), Delhi andand Oxford Brookes University (OBU) UK.
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Objectives
Investigate how urban form performs interms of sustainability with special
reference to India
Identify gaps in knowledge relating tosustainable urban form, in Indian cities
Identify gaps in policy and practicerelating to sustainable urban form inIndian cities
Examine how policy is interpreted andimplemented at the local level
Prepare a strategy/ roadmap identifying action points
for stakeholders to attain sustainable city form
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Case Study - Faridabad
Location: 32 KM south of DelhiArea: 207 Sq KMNo of wards: 26Economic Base: Industrial
Population: 10.56 lacs (2010)
It is an industrial hub whose growth
has primarily been in the post-
independence era as a resettlement
city.
It followed the full land acquisition
model of land development.
Four case study areas are being
studied in this city.
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Case Study - Rajkot
Location: 32 KM west of AhmedabadArea: 104 Sq KMNo of wards: 23
Economic Base: Trade and Industry(Mixed)Population: 10.02 lacs (2010)
boundary have been selected.The criteria behind the selectionwas the variation indensity, location from the center
of the city and the year ofimplementation.
Detailed physical form surveyto understand quality of life andlinkages to urban form.
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Recommendations
Sustainable urban growth requires a homogeneous
approach to physical (Master Planning approach) andinvestment planning (City Development Planapproach).
A balanced mix of land use (horizontal and vertical)
contributes significantly towards ensuring sustainable citygrowth.
Enable medium to higher densities (with appropriateinfrastructure)
Public transport must be integrated into urbandesign/planning systems rather than being designedseparately.
Pedestrian focused neighborhood with public spaces
and linked to public transport
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Peer Experience And Reflective Learning
(PEARL)JnNURM
To create manageable networks between JNNURM 65cities for cross learning and sharing knowledge on
projects, urban reforms and city governance
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Activities
PEARL website (www.indiaurbanportal.in)
Documentation of best ractices
Newsletter PEARL Update
Helpdesk at ASCI
Special group for North East
National and Groups Workshops
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