sustainable school dodge city kansas

Final ProjectTEJAS, NABIL, JON

Building Use and Programming

1st Floor

2nd Floor

Gym

C C C C C C

CC CCC

C C L L

LLO

M S

S R R

R R

Cafeteria

S/E

S/E

Climate – Wind RosesSummer

SpringWinter

Autumn

Climate – Psychometric Charts

Winter

AutumnSummer

Spring

Climate – Temperature Range

Climate – Sun Chart

Climate

Location at the intersection of North America’s semi-arid and humid

subtropical climate zone

Hot summers

Highly variable winters

Low to moderate humidity

Precipitation throughout the year

Average temperature is 54.5 Fahrenheit

High amounts of wind

Receives an annual average amount of 21.6 inches of precipitation

TORNADOS!

Site Constraints

Opportunities

Good exposure to sun lighting

for PV

Use the gradient for storm water collection or drainage

The west side is very wide

Challenges

The site is a triangle

On a slight gradient

Surrounded by buildings

It is very narrow on the east

side

Zoning restrictions

Building can only be 36’ high

Challenges

Our Design:

Makes use of the wide west side of

the site

Will use the gradient for a rain

garden and swale

Maximum southern exposure

allows for natural daylighting and

powering our PV array

Architectural Responses

The building is set up in a North, North East orientation

This is to maximize sunlight in the classrooms on the south façade

This also allows for our PV array to receive maximum sunlight during

peak hours

Room on the South East side of the site for geothermal wells

We don’t have any rooms without a window

Taking advantage of the wind by using clearstory windows

Opportunity to use a solar chimney

Passive HVAC Systems

Geothermal heating and cooling

Window overhangs

Using clearstories and window shelves for

deeper light penetration

Increased insulation

More efficient windows (Double PPG Solarban

XL)

Proposed use of a solar chimney

Active HVAC Systems

Package single VAV with DX Coils system with ducted air flow

Our heating is Geothermal so we used the VAV system specifically

for cooling

Daylighting The glass that is used is PPG Solar Ban XL whose Visible Transmittance

is 0.64.

We will use doorways with windows to filter in natural daylight from the classrooms and labs

After studying the sun position and the climate data as well. 42.6 is chosen to be the sun angle. This angle matches the 1st of March which is the med of spring, and 18th of October which is in the Middle of Fall. So, the building will be shaded from the mid of falls to the mid of springs.

In daylighting, there are four types of widows that will be used in the building:

- The first style will includes overhangs, and its highest is 3 feet.

- The second style will include overhangs as well. Its highest is 4 feet.

- A deferent style whose purpose is to light spaces will be located in the daylight glazing position. This type includes light shelves.

- The last style is just for lighting, and it is used in the restrooms.

1st Floor

2nd Floor

Gym

C C C C C C

CC CCC

C C L L

LLO

M S

S R R

R R

Cafeteria

S/E

S/E

South Façade:Dimension : 175 x 10 = 1,750 Sq. Ft per a floor

For South Glass, Effective Aperture (EA) = 0.18

Visible Transmittance (VT) = 0.64

Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) : EA/VT = 0.18/0.64 = 28.125%

i.e 28.125% glass or less of 1,750 Sq.ft should be used for south facade : 492 Sq.Ft

In the first floor, we have used 8 windows of 4’ x 3’9’’ ft distributed in 4 class rooms, 4 windows

of 14’ x 3’ ft distributed in the gym, 4 Clerestories for the class rooms of 15’ x 1’6’’ ft, and one for

the gum of 65’ x 1’6’’ ft. The windows are provided with overhang to eliminate direct sunlight

and shading purpose . Light shelves are used for Clerestories to increase the depth of daylight in the classroom and minimize the glaze.

In the second floor, we have used 12 windows of 4’ x 3’9’’ ft distributed in 6 class rooms, 4

windows of 8’6’’’ x 3’ ft distributed in the Cafeteria, 6 Clerestories for the class rooms of 15’ x

1’6’’ ft, and one for the gum of 50’ x 1’6’’ ft. The windows are provided with overhang to

eliminate direct sunlight and shading purpose . Light shelves are used for Clerestories to

increase the depth of daylight in the classroom and minimize the glaze.

South Façade:Type 1:Overhang Calculation:

sun angle = 42.6

Then, Y = 4*Tan(90-42.6) = 4’4’’ Hence, the length of overhang is 4’4’’.

Type2Overhang Calculation:

sun angle = 42.6

Then, Y = 3*Tan(90-42.6) = 3’3’’

Hence, the length of overhang is 3’3’’.

Type 3:Shelves Calculation:

Sun angle = 42.6

B = A*Tan(90- 42.6)

= 1’6’’*Tan(90- 42.6) = 9.8’’

Y = X * Tan (90- 42.6)= 1’6’’ * Tan (90- 42.6) = 9.8’’

North

Façade:Dimension : 175 x 10 = 1,750 Sq. Ft per a floor



Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) : EA/VT = 0.20/0.64 = 31.25%

i.e 31.25% glass or less of 1,750 Sq.ft should be used for south facade : 546 Sq.Ft

In the first floor, we have used 12 windows of 4’ x 3’ ft distributed in 2 labs and an office room,

2 windows of 11’ x 5’ and 2 windows 10’6’’ x 5’ ft distributed in the gym, 3 Clerestories for the

office room and the labs of 20’ x 1’6’’ ft, and one for the gum of 65’ x 1’6’’ ft. The windows don’t include overhang nor Light shelves.

In the second floor, we have used 14 windows of 4’ x 3’ ft distributed in 2 labs and 2 class

rooms, and 4 Clerestories for the class rooms and the labs of 20’ x 1’6’’. The windows don’t

include overhang nor Light shelves.

There are four widows of 2’ x 2’ ft located in four restrooms, 2 in the first floor and 2 in the

second.

East

Façade:Dimension : 80 x 10 = 800 Sq. Ft per a floor



Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) : EA/VT = 0.20/0.64 = 25%

i.e 25% glass or less of 1,750 Sq.ft should be used for south facade : 200 Sq.Ft

In the first floor, we have used 4 windows of 4’ x 4’6’’ ft distributed in a lab and a class rooms,

a window of 10’ x 10’ ft located in the stair way, a Clerestory of 30’ x 1’6’’ ft in a classroom, and

a Clerestory of 25’ x 1’6’’ ft in a lab. Light shelves are used for Clerestories to increase the depth of daylight in the classroom and minimize the glaze.

In the second floor, we have used 4 windows of 4’ x 4’6’’ ft distributed in a lab and a class

rooms, a window of 10’ x 10’ ft located in the stair way, a Clerestory of 30’ x 1’6’’ ft in a

classroom, and a Clerestory of 25’ x 1’6’’ ft in a lab. Light shelves are used for Clerestories to

increase the depth of daylight in the classroom and minimize the glaze.

Overhangs are not used in the stairway window because stairs don’t need to be shaded.

East Façade:Type 1:Overhang Calculation:

sun angle = 42.6

Then, Y = 4*Tan(90-42.6) = 4’4’’ Hence, the length of overhang is 4’4’’.

Type2Overhang Calculation:

sun angle = 42.6

Then, Y = 3*Tan(90-42.6) = 3’3’’



Sun angle = 42.6

B = A*Tan(90- 42.6)

= 1’6’’*Tan(90- 42.6) = 9.8’’

Y = X * Tan (90- 42.6)= 1’6’’ * Tan (90- 42.6) = 9.8’’

West

Façade:Dimension : 80 x 10 = 800 Sq. Ft per a floor



Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) : EA/VT = 0.20/0.64 = 25%

i.e 25% glass or less of 1,750 Sq.ft should be used for south facade : 200 Sq.Ft

In the first floor, we don’t have widows because the gym already has windows in the South

and North façade. Also, that would allow the building to no loose heat in winter, and keep it

cool in summers.

In the second floor, we have used 3 windows of 4’ x 11’ and a Clerestory of 45’ x 1’6’’ ft. All

of them are located in the Cafeteria. Light shelves are used for Clerestories to increase the

depth of daylight in the classroom and minimize the glaze.

West Façade:

Type 1:Overhang Calculation: sun angle = 42.6

Then, Y = 4*Tan(90-42.6) = 4’4’’



Sun angle = 42.6

B = A*Tan(90- 42.6)

= 1’6’’*Tan(90- 42.6) = 9.8’’

Y = X * Tan (90- 42.6)

= 1’6’’ * Tan (90- 42.6) = 9.8’’

Lighting Power Density

Cafeteria3000 * 1.4 = 4,200 W

Gym5500 * 1.1 = 6,050 W

Classrooms12 * 1.2 * 700 = 1,008 W

Labs4 * 1.2 * 800 = 3,840 W

Office1 * 1.1 * 800 = 880W

Restrooms4 * .9 * 200 = 720W

Corridor

.5 * 3,800 = 1,900 W

Lobby

500 * 1.2 = 600 W

Storage

1000 * .5 = 500

Mechanical Room

1000 * .5 = 500

Total Allowable Watts =

20, 198 Watts

Electric Lighting

Lighting would be controlled by a dimming and occupancy sensors

to reduce electric lighting use while the rooms are unoccupied or

filled with enough ambient daylight

LED lighting will reduce heat gain and energy use

Our concerns are with the corridors and the north façade

Site Harvested Renewable EnergyPV Array & Energy Production

We chose to maximize our PV array by laying our panels horizontally

Roof area: 14,000 sqf

Subtract 10% for walkways (1,400 sqf)

Workable roof area is 12,600 sqf

Individual panel area is 18 sqf

12,600/18 = 700

700 PV panels can fit on our roof

Peak Sun Hours in Dodge City Kansas at latitude: 5.76

(700 panels x 280W x 5.76 x 365 x 0.77)/1000 = 317,294 kWh/yr

Site Harvested Renewable EnergyPV Array & Energy Production (cont.)

Design Case Annual Energy Usage: 224,090 kWh

317,294 kWh – 224,090 kWh = 93,204 kWh

If necessary we can fit an additional 90 PV panels on the south

façade overhangs.

With our design strategies and PV array our community center and

school will attain net zero energy and produce an additional 93,204

kWh. Boom!

LEED-Baseline Water Use

Regular School Hours

FTE: 22 Use Students: 200 Use

Transient: 40 Use

Water Use Use/Day Flow Rate Occupant Daily UseWater Closet

Female 3 1.6 11 52.8

Male 1 1.6 11 17.6

Urinal

Male 2 1 11 22

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.5 22 16.5

Shower

Duration 300 sec=5 0.1 2.5 22 27.5

Kitchen Sink

Duration 15 sec=0.25 1 2.2 22 12.1

Total use/Day 148.5


Female 3 1.6 100 480

Male 1 1.6 100 160

Urinal

Male 2 1 100 200

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.5 200 150

Total use/Day 990


Female 0.5 1.6 20 16

Male 0.1 1.6 20 3.2

Urinal

Male 0.4 1 20 8

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 0.5 0.5 40 5

Total use/Day 32.2

LEED-Baseline Water Use

Summer school Hours


Transients: 20 Use

Water Use Use/Day Flow Rate Occupant Daily Use

Water Closet

Female 3 1.6 6 28.8

Male 1 1.6 6 9.6

Urinal

Male 2 1 6 12

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.5 12 9

Shower

Duration 300 sec=5 0.1 2.5 12 15

Kitchen Sink

Duration 15 sec=0.25 1 2.2 12 6.6

Total use/Day 81


Female 3 1.6 50 240

Male 1 1.6 50 80

Urinal

Male 2 1 50 100

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.5 100 75

Total use/Day 495


Female 0.5 1.6 10 8

Male 0.1 1.6 10 1.6

Urinal

Male 0.4 1 10 4

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 0.5 0.5 20 2.5

Total use/Day 16.1

Total Water use/day = 148.5 + 990 + 32.2

(during regular school) = 1170.7 gallons

Total water Use during School year = 252*1170.7( School open for 252 days ) = 295016.4 gallons/year

Total water use/day = 81 + 495 + 16.1

(during summer school) = 592.1 gallons

Total water use during summer School = 60*592.1

( School open for 60 days ) = 35526 gallons/year

Total Water Use/year = 295016.4 + 33526 ( 312 days ) = 330542.4 gallons/year

Design case Water Reduction Strategies

Regular school hours


transients: 40 Use


Water Closet

Female (solid) 1 1.6 11 17.6

Female (liquid) 2 0.8 11 17.6

Male 1 1.1 11 12.1

Urinal

Male 2 0 11 0

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.25 22 8.25

Shower

Duration 300 sec=5 0.1 0.5 22 5.5

Kitchen Sink

Duration 15 sec=0.25 1 0.5 22 2.75

Total use/Day 63.8


Water Closet

Female (solid) 1 1.6 100 160

Female (liquid) 2 0.8 100 160

Male 1 1.1 100 110

Urinal

Male 2 0 100 0

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.25 200 75

Total use/Day 505


Water Closet

Female (Solid) 0.1 1.6 20 3.2

Female (liquid) 0.4 0.8 20 6.4

Male 0.1 1.1 20 2.2

Urinal

Male 0.4 0 20 0

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 0.5 0.25 40 2.5

Total use/Day 14.3

Design case Water Reduction Strategies

Summer School Hours:

FTE: 12 use Student: 100 use

Transient: 20 use


Water Closet

Female (solid) 1 1.6 6 9.6

Female (liquid) 2 0.8 6 9.6

Male 1 1.1 6 6.6

Urinal

Male 2 0 12 0

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.25 12 4.5

Shower

Duration 300 sec=5 0.1 0.5 12 3

Kitchen Sink

Duration 15 sec=0.25 1 0.5 12 1.5

Total use/Day 34.8


Water Closet

Female (solid) 1 1.6 50 80

Female (liquid) 2 0.8 50 80

Male 1 1.1 50 55

Urinal

Male 2 0 50 0

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 3 0.25 100 37.5

Total use/Day 252.5


Water Closet

Female (Solid) 0.1 1.6 10 1.6

Female (liquid) 0.4 0.8 10 3.2

Male 0.1 1.1 10 1.1

Urinal

Male 0.4 0 10 0

Lavatory Faucet

Duration 30 sec=0.5 0.5 0.25 20 1.25

Total use/Day 7.15

Total Water use/day = 63.8+ 505 + 14.3

(during regular school) = 583.1 gallons

Total water Use during School year = 252*583.1

( School open for 252 days ) = 146941.2 gallons/year

Total water use/day = 34.8 + 252.5 + 7.15(during summer school) = 294.45 gallons

Total water use during summer School = 60*294.45

( School open for 60 days ) = 17667gallons/year

Total Water Use/year = 146941.2 + 17667

( 312 days ) = 164608.2 gallons/year

Design case Water use Strategies

Low flow flush valve in men’s room (1.1 gpf)

Dual flush valve in women’s room (1.6/0.8 gpf)

Waterless Urinals In men’s room

Low flow lavatory faucet (0.25 gpf)

Low flow shower faucet (0.5 gpf)

Low flow Kitchen sink faucet (0.5 gpf)

American Standard Clean White

1.6; 0.8-GPF 12-in Rough-In Water Sense

Elongated Dual-Flush 2-Piece Comfort height

1.1 GPF MADERA ADA SYSTEM WITH EVERCLEAN &

SELECTRONIC EXPOSED AC FLUSH VALVE

FLOWISE FLUSH-FREE

WATERLESS URINAL - LARGE

SERIN 1-HANDLE MONOBLOCK VESSEL

BATHROOM FAUCET

American standard- 0.25 gpf

Niagara N2615 Tri-Max 0.5 gpm

Showerhead,

Average Monthly rain water Collection

Collected Rainwater (gallons)= Area(Sf) x Rain(in) x (1- Loss Factor) x 1” Rainfall on 1sq.ft area

Eg. 14000 x 0.62 x (1-0.25) x 0.6208 = 4041.40 gallons

Average Monthly Water Surplus/Shortfall

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Avg.

Monthly

Water Use12227.5 12227.5 12227.5 12227.5 12227.5 9197.5 6167.5 6167.5 12227.5 12227.5 12227.5 12227.5 131580

Collected

rain water

(gallons)4041.40 4302.14 11993.85 14666.4 19555.2 20532.96 20663.32 17795.23 11081.28 9451.68 6583.58 5019.16 145686

Surplus /

Shortfall8186.1 7925.36 233.65 2438.9 7327.7 11335.46 14495.82 11627.73 1146.22 2775.82 5643.92 7208.34 80345.02

Water Collectors

DoubleTorus Carat(20,000 gallons) (1000 gallons)

RainSub is largest unitary underground tank, a horizontal ribbed fiberglass cylinder with standard capacities of 20,000 gallons (10’d x 38’l). A large-diameter accessway provides easy access into the tank. A threaded top port directs incoming water to an internal diffuser and a second threaded top port is provided for venting. Water overflows through an internal trap and out through a tangential end pipe.

Carat is a sophisticated two-piece tank with a full access system. A dome on top of the tank swivels in any direction and has sufficient space for an internal filter and controls. A telescopic extension with a sturdy lid slides into the dome and provides height adjustment. This tank is strong enough to be suitable for use under residential driveways and parking areas. It stocks 1000 gallon (90”l x 69”w x 63”h) .

Occupants

We used two separate HVAC systems to operate for the split

schedule of our building

From September 1st to June 15th both the school and community center operate in tandem each with a separate HVAC system

During the summer break from June 16th to August 31st only the

community center which includes the gym, locker room, and lobby

is open with half the occupancy of the normal school year. Hence

the water usage is reduced by a considerable amount

Provide dimming controls in all rooms in order to minimize energy

usage and allow occupants to choose their own comfortable light level

Why did we do it?(a lesson in ethics)

We decided to use the strategies implemented because

We didn’t want to rely on two sources of energy (i.e. electric and gas) hence the use of our geothermal HVAC system

We wanted to implement efficient energy building modifications to reduce the impact on the earth such as daylighting strategies, high efficiency lighting

We wanted to reduce waste in the case of rainwater harvesting

We wanted to produce net zero energy and then some so we used the maximum amount of PV panels on our rooftop

We attempted to use as many passive systems as possible within the constraints of our building design and climate

Because we think the earth is great, and we don’t want to ruin it. We think that’s pretty ethical.

Energy Baseline

Annual Energy Consumption:

206,393 kWh

Design Case Energy Strategies

Replacing existing windows with Double PPG Solarban XL on Starphire/Air/Clear 6mm

Installing a high efficiency lighting system

Reducing all lighting to .75 W/SqFt (unless it is already under .75)

Daylight Dimming Controls

Increasing the building insulation

Roof: 6 in. polyisocyanurate (R-42) and additional R-3 batt, no rad barrier

Above Grade Walls: R-21 batt

Extending window overhangs to 4.3 ft. on the South, East, and West facade

Using two separate Geothermal HVAC systems for both the community center and the school

Using only electric energy reliant on our PV array

Comparative Case

Energy Design Case

Annual Energy Consumption:

224,090 kWh

Comparative Case

Design CaseBaseline

Comparative Case

BaselineDesign Case

Geothermal Well Depth

School

School area: 22,000 sqf

22,000/300 =73.3 tons

73.3 x 150 = 10,995

10,995/24 = 458.125

Well depth for school is

458.125 feet

Community Center

Community Center area: 6,000

sqf

6,000/300 = 20 tons

20 x 150 = 3000

3000/24 = 125

Well depth for community

center is 125 feet

sustainable school dodge city kansas

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