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Steven L. Gillen – Materials Manager, Illinois Tollway Alexander S. Brand – Graduate Student, University of Illinois Jeffery T. Roesler, Ph.D., Professor, University of Illinois William R. Vavrik, Ph.D., Principal Engineer, ARA Inc. September 19, 2012 1 Sustainable LongLife Composite Concrete Pavement for the Illinois Tollway

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Page 1: Sustainable Long Life Composite Concrete Pavement for · PDF fileReplacement in a Ternary Blended Concrete ... A ternary concrete design with a ... ILL TOLLWAY COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS

Steven L. Gillen – Materials Manager, Illinois TollwayAlexander S. Brand – Graduate Student, University of IllinoisJeffery T. Roesler, Ph.D., ‐ Professor, University of IllinoisWilliam R. Vavrik, Ph.D., ‐ Principal Engineer, ARA Inc.

September 19, 2012

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Sustainable Long‐Life Composite Concrete Pavement for the Illinois Tollway

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Illinois Tollway  ‐ Key Statistics 286‐mile system comprised

of four tollways: Tri‐State (I‐94/I‐294/I‐80) Jane Addams Memorial (I‐90) Reagan Memorial (I‐88) Veterans Memorial  (I‐355)

Opened in 1958 as a bypass around Chicago to connect Indiana and Wisconsin

Carries more than 1.4 M vehicles per day

User‐fee system – no state or federal gas tax dollars used

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Congestion‐Relief Program

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90% Complete

> $5B Investedon time, under budget

Congestion‐Relief Program2004‐2016

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Job #1 ‐ Take Care of Existing System

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RECONSTRUCT AND WIDEN 

Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (I‐90) 

RECONSTRUCT Tri‐State Tollway 

(I‐94/I‐294)

PRESERVEReagan Memorial Tollway (I‐88) 

PRESERVEVeterans Memorial Tollway  (I‐355)

REPAIRRoads, Bridges and 

Maintenance Facilities 

Other Capital Projects  Maintenance Site Location

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Build a 21st Century Transportation System

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RECONSTRUCTTri‐State Tollway 

(I‐94/I‐294) – $1.2 B

PRESERVEReagan Memorial 

Tollway (I‐88) – $610 M

PRESERVEVeterans Memorial 

Tollway  (I‐355) – $400 M

REPAIRRoads, Bridges & 

Maintenance Facilities –$1.39 B

Other Capital Projects ‐$600 M

RECONSTRUCT & WIDEN 

Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (I‐90) – $1.9 B 

(no transit)

TAKE CARE OF EXISTING SYSTEM NEEDS

ILLINOIS ROUTE 53 NORTH EXTENSION

JANE ADDAMS MEMORIAL TOLLWAY

(I‐90) 

ELGIN O’HARE WEST BYPASS

I‐294/I‐57 INTERCHANGE

ILLIANA EXPRESSWAY

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Tollway Recycling of Concrete and Asphalt  Pavements

In Base Aggregates In New Asphalt Mixes

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Innovations Adopted

Fractionated RAP (FRAP)Recycled Asphalt Shingles 

(RAS)

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Coarse FRAP for Concrete?

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Answers Needed SHRP R21 Composite Pavement Project

Demonstrations Observed

History of Composites Studied

History of Black Rock Concrete Studied

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Field Trials Initiated in 2010 Asphalt over Concrete Composite Ramps Built

6.5 bag fly ash mix w/ 20% black rock placed

Compressive strengths     > 3500 psi in 3 days.

Flexural Strengths >650 psi in 7 days.

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Black Rock Ternary Mixes Researched

Fractionated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP) as a Coarse Aggregate Replacement in a Ternary Blended Concrete Pavement

ict.illinois.edu/publications

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Conclusions of Initial Research Further processing of FRAP to remove agglomerated sand/asphalt particles was not necessary

A ternary concrete design with a cement factor of 6.2 could obtain specified strength properties with up to 50% of the coarse aggregate replaced with FRAP

Durability of concrete will be adequate for composite pavement applications

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Composite Pavement Research Continues    Further evaluate black rock concrete mixes for fresh, hardened and durability properties

Develop better predictive models of the field performance for 2 lift composite concrete pavements using recycled materials

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University of Illinois Slab Tests (2012)

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• Two‐lift Slabs:• Virgin over 45% FRAP• Virgin over 45% FRAP (with fibers)

• Virgin over 100% RCA• Virgin over 45‐55 FRAP‐RCA

• Full‐depth Slabs:• 45% FRAP• 100% RCA• 45‐55% FRAP‐RCA• Virgin

Mix Proportions:• 610 lb/yd3 with 35% slag and 10% fly ash• w/cm = 0.37• 41% coarse aggregate (by volume)• 27% fine aggregate (by volume)

All mixes were designed based on a constant volume methodology

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Univ. of Illinois Slab Test Results (38 days)

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Slab Peak Load (kN)

Percent Differencefrom Full‐depth 

Virgin

Two Lift

Virgin over 45% FRAP 123.2 22.8%

Full Depth45% FRAP 118.2 17.7%

Two Lift

Virgin over 45% FRAP with fibers 109.5 9.1%

Full Depth100% RCA 109.4 9.0%

Two Virgin over

Slab Results (Average of 2 Tests)

MixAverage MOR 

(psi)

Fresh Air Content (%)

45% FRAP 584 8.5%

45% FRAP with fibers

451 12%

100% RCA 574 5.5%

45‐55% FRAP‐RCA

593 6.0%

Virgin 786 5.6%

Flexural Strength (3rd point)

Mix Total Fracture Energy (N/m)

45% FRAP 75.7

45% FRAP with fibers 3192.9

100% RCA 84.5

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Specifications Established  Materials Ternary – 35% to 50% portland cement replaced in bottom Black Rock – 20% to 50% coarse aggregate replaced in bottom RCA – Option given to replace any remaining coarse aggregate with RCA in bottom lift

Two slip form pavers specified unless alternative method for placement is demonstrated

Minimum 5 day cure time before heavy equipment 

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Placement Test Strips 

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Field Trials Continue in 2012

I‐88 reconstructed and widened with 2 lift PCC composite 

Full interchange ramps at I‐90 / Rt. 47 constructed using asphalt over concrete composite

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I‐90 Long Life Pavement Designs

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LCCA’s Determine JPCP to be the Choice

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Major Traffic Inputs for Pavement Design Lane Distribution Traffic Volume Load Spectra

3-Lane 4-Lane

National60%

Tollway70%

National45%

Tollway70%

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Design Trucks – Load Distributions

34kip12kip 34kip

Current Load Limits 40kip12kip 40kip

40kip12kip 60kip

Proposed Load Limits

Proposed Load Limits

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Tollway Axle Weight Distribution Does Not Follow National Data

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

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0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000

Percen

t of A

xles

Weight of Tandem Axle Group (lb)

MEPDG

Tollway

Tandem Axle – Class 9

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I‐90 Concrete Pavement Design Details 15’ Slab length 1’ Widened slab Doweled Joints (1 ½”)

Topping Concrete

High-recycled Content Concrete

WMA Base

Aggregate Cap

Porous Aggregate

Compacted Subgrade

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THANK YOU

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