sustainable development goals baseline report · web viewthe agenda contains 17 sustainable...

The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho

Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report

Benchmarks for Tracking Progress

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AIDSAIRBOSCO2

DRWSECCDEEEUFAOISCOLDHSLECLNDCGDPGERHEIHIVMDAsMDGsM&EMMRMVANERNIRNMESMPINSDPNSDSNSSODAPRPSACMEQSDGsSADCTB

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Apparent Intake RateBureau of StatisticsCarbon dioxideDepartment of Rural Water SupplyEarly Child Care and DevelopmentEnergy EfficiencyEuropean UnionFood and Agriculture OrganizationInternational Standard Classification of OccupationsLesotho Demographic and Health SurveyLesotho Electricity CompanyLesotho National Development CooperationGross Domestic ProductGross Enrolment RatioHigh Education InstituteHuman Immunodeficiency IirusMinistries, Departments and AgenciesMillennium Development GoalsMonitoring and Evaluation Maternal Mortality RatioManufacturing Value AddedNet Enrolment RateNet Intake RateNational Monitoring and Evaluation SystemMulti-Poverty IndexNational Strategic Development PlanNational Strategy for the Development of StatisticsNational Statistical SystemOfficial Development AssistancePoverty Reduction ProgrammeSouthern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Education QualitySustainable Development GoalsSouthern African Development Authority

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UNUNDPWASAWASHWHO

TuberculosisUnited NationsUnited Nations Development ProgrammeWater and Sewerage AuthorityWater, Sanitation and HygieneWorld Health Organization

Table of ContentsForeword.............................................................................................................................................................2

Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................................................3

SDG 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere..................................................................................9

SDG 2: End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improve Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture................................................................................................................................15

SGD 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being for All at All Ages..................................23

SDG 4: Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Life-Long Learning Opportunities for All......................................................................................................................................39

SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.........................................54

SDG 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All..63

SDG 7: Ensure Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy for All.......67

SDG 8: Promote Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work...........................................................................................72

SDG 9: Build Resilient Infrastructure; Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Foster Innovation...................................................................................................................................82

SDG 10: Reduce Inequality within and among Countries................................................................88

SDG 11: Make Cities and Human Settlements Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable. .90

SDG 12: Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns...........................................94

SDG 13: Take Action to Combat Climate Change...............................................................................96

SDG 15: Protect, Restore and Promote Sustainable Use of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sustainably Manage Forests, Combat Desertification, and Halt and Reverse Land Degradation and Halt Biodiversity Loss.................................................................................................98

SDG 16: Promote Peaceful and Inclusive Societies for Sustainable Development, Provide Access to Justice for All and Build Effective, Accountable and Inclusive Institutions At All Levels...............................................................................................................................................................104

SDG 17: Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development..................................................................................................................112

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Foreword

3

Acknowledgement

4

BACKGROUND

Following the unsuccessful implementation of Millennium Development Goals, particularly on the poverty and health targets, Lesotho took advantage of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developmentto recommit itself towards pursuance of the unfinished business of the MDG epoch. The agenda contains 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets which is a leap from the historical 8 MDGs that had only 60 targets. While SDGs seek to build on MDGs, there is a clear line of departure between the two as SDGs are more ambitious.

While Lesotho has committed herself towards implementing the SDGs, the ambitious and complex nature of SDGs would not permit Lesotho to report on all SDG indicators. This is either due to lack of capacity or that some indicators are not appropriate for Lesotho. In this regard, Lesotho undertook a broad SDG indicator prioritization exercise through multi-stakeholder engagement to select indicators that are deemed most critical for Lesotho. This exercise was done in line with the necessity to produce internationally comparable SDG implementation progress report but at the same time considered Lesotho’s ability to produce data on the prioritized indicators within reasonable time frames for regular monitoring purposes.

Selected SDG Indicators

Lesotho has prioritised 152 SDG indicators through a consultative process with stakeholders. From these indicators, Lesotho is able to report on 81 indicators (53% of the prioritised), of which, 33 Indicators have been customised. The majority of reported indicators however still suffer from lack of disaggregation on a number of variables, particularly disability, employment and wealth status. On the other hand, Lesotho is currently not able to report on 71(47%) of the 152 prioritised indicators due to complete or partial unavailability of data. However, efforts are underway to close the data gaps on prioritized indicators. Figure 1 below highlights the proportion of indicators which Lesotho is able to report on. The complete list of

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indicators reported on is reflected in Annex 1while the list of unreported indicators is reflected in Annex IV.

Figure 1: Proportion of Indicators Reported by SDG

SDG 1SDG 2SDG 3SDG 4SDG 5SDG 6SDG 7SDG 8SDG 9

SDG 10SDG 11SDG 12SDG 13SDG 15SDG 16SDG 17

Grand Total

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Number of Prioritised Indicators not ReportedNumber of Prioritised Indicators Reported

Customised Indicators

Based on the stock of available data, either fully or partially available, the SDG indicator customisation exercise was carried out to propose alternative options

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where SDG traditional indicators were not considered specific enough in terms of measurability according to national standards. In addition to this, where data was not fully available, a closest proxy was utilised as a customised indicator. Figure 2 overleaf provides the proportion of customised indicators over the total list of indicator reported on. As it was already highlighted, 33 out of 81 indicators reported on have been customised. The list of customised indicators is reflected in Annex III

Figure 2: Proportion of Customised Indicators

SDG 1SDG 2SDG 3SDG 4SDG 5SDG 6SDG 7SDG 8SDG 9

SDG 10SDG 11SDG 12SDG 13SDG 15SDG 16SDG 17

Grand Total

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

CustomisedUncostomised

Additional Indicators

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Four national indicators which are not traditional SDG indicators have been included in this report due to their importance in supplementing the reported SDG indicators. These indicators are reflected in Annex II.

Indicator Numbering

Effort was made within the report to stick to the utilization of indicator numbering adopted in UN documents. However, there were some few modifications made on the traditional SDG indicator number to reflect indicators that were domesticated or customized as well as those which were included as complementary indicators.

An indicator number followed by a capital letter “D” reflects a domesticated or customized indicator. Such indicators are normally deemed to close proxies of the traditional SDG indicator it was intended to measure.

An indicator number followed by a capital letter “A” is an additional indicator which is included in this report because of its complementarity to the indicator it immediately follows. These are also included because of their relative importance in Lesotho.

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SDG 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere

“Poverty is routinely defined as the lack of what is necessary for material well-being — especially food but also housing, land, and other assets, poverty is the lack of multiple resources leading to physical deprivation, its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services” WHO

In the Vision 2020,a healthy and well developed human resource base and a well-managed environment are the two pillars which poverty cuts across but not in so many words. As a way of implementing the vision 2020, Lesotho had a Poverty Reduction Strategy 2004/2005-2006/2007, Interim National Development Framework as of 2008 and NSDP 20012/13-201617. These short and medium term plans were in line with the sustainable Goal 1 of No Poverty. The current NSDP will pursue achievement of inclusive growth that is precondition for poverty reduction.

According to the MDG report 2015, poverty in Lesotho has a strong spatial dimension, as the rural areas are home to the majority of the poor, this division is reflected in a wide range of poverty indicators, including the national poverty, extreme poverty and dollar/day poverty rates. More than half of Lesotho’s population is living below the national poverty line.While 34 percent is estimated to be below food poverty line of 138 Malotiper adult per month. Poverty rates have

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been high and persistent over time. Also, inequality is on the rise making Lesotho highlyunequal society.Unemployment rate remains high at 32.8 percent which is inconsistent with development and social assistance efforts embarked upon during implementation of the above national development agendas.

These development and social assistance initiatives include consolidation and improved efficiency of social protection systems, enhanced coverage of interventions, improved work safety and enhanced capacity to increase national food, water and energy. Initiatives to deal with disasters, commonly heavy snows, drought, frost and strong winds, are guided through the National Disaster Reduction Strategy

Target 1.1: By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day

Indicator 1.1.1: Proportion of population below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)

Indicator definition:The proportion of the total population and the proportion of the employed population living in households with per-capita consumption or income that is below the international poverty line of US$1.25.

Calculation method:Calculated by dividing the number of persons living in households below the poverty line by the total number of persons

Baseline value:59.6% (atinternational poverty line $1.90 a day)

Base year: 2010

A pre-baseline trendof Proportion of population below the international poverty lineis portrayed in Figure 1.1.1

Figure 1.1.1: Proportion of population below the international poverty line Lesotho, 2002-2010

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1994 2002 201054

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.469.2

61.3

59.6

1.2 1.2 1.2

Poverty headcount ratio Number of poor

Pov

ert

y H

ead

Cou

nt

(%)

Mill

ion

s o

f Po

or

Source: World Bank, Development Research Group_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:Due to lack of recent data on SDG 1.1.1, this report uses percentage of the population living on less than $1.90 a day at 2011 international prices. The utilisation of outdated information represented in Figure 1.1.1 above highlights the persistent challenge of timely poverty data availability in Lesotho. As it can be noted, poverty levels measured by Poverty Headcount Ratio seem to have been declining over the past decades. Nevertheless, this outdated information may not capture current poverty levels which can be assumed to be worsening due to notable ongoing developmental challenges such as high unemployment rates and low economic growth.TARGET 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions

Indicator 1.2.1:Proportion of population living below the national poverty line by sex and age

Indicator definition: The proportion of the total population and the proportion of the employed population living in households with per-capita consumption or income that is below the national poverty line

Calculation method: Calculated by dividing the number of persons living in households below the poverty line by the total number of persons

Baseline value:57.1 % (Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line)

Base year: 2010

Figure 1.2.1 shows a pre-baseline trend of the poverty head count.

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Figure 1.2.1: Poor Population and Proportion of population below the international poverty line (By National Poverty Line)

1994 2002 201050

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

1.12

1.14

1.16

1.18

1.2

1.2266.6

56.6 57.1

Number of poor Poverty headcount ratio

Pove

rty H

ead

Coun

t (%

)

Milli

ons o

f Poo

r

Source: World Bank, Global Poverty Working Group (2010)

___________________________________________________________________________

Comment:Like it was the case with indicator 1.1.1, Lesotho faces challenges in terms of timely availability of data on Indicator 1.2.1 above. Therefore, proportion of population below the international poverty line, which is not disaggregated by sex, age and employment status as required, is utilised in this regard as the closest proxy available.

_____________________________________________________________________________________Indicator 1.2.2: Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions

Indicator definition: The proportion of the population that are multi-dimensionally poor according to the national multi-poverty index (MPI) disaggregated by sex and age.

Calculation method:Calculated by dividing the number of persons who are multi-dimensionally poor by the total population.

Baseline: 45.9% (MPI Headcount: 2009)

Base Year: 2009

Source: Human Development Report 2016_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Comment:There is currently no recent data on MPI Headcount as the main indicator that assesses the multi-dimensional poverty in Lesotho. However, the latest information collected in 2009 asserts that MPI Headcount was 45.9% (Human Development Report: 2016). The challenge of data disaggregation is still evident under this indicator. _____________________________________________________________________________________TARGET1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable

Indicator 1.3.1D:Population covered by social protection systems, distinguished by main social protection schemes

Indicator definition: Thenumber of persons or households benefiting from social protection initiatives.Calculation method:Coverage = Number of beneficiaries in the total population (or group)

Baseline values:Programme Number of

Beneficiaries

Old Age Pension 85,087Child Grants Programme 24,500 householdsOrphaned and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Bursary Programme

13,172

Public Assistance 11,800School Feeding 389,000Integrated and Water Shed Management 115,000

Base Year: 2015

Source: Project Appraisal Document on a proposed IDA Credit to the Kingdom of Lesotho for a Social Assistance Project.Figure 1.3.1D: Overview of Core Social Protection Programs in Lesotho

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Old Age Pen

sion (O

AP)

Child Gran

ts Pro

gram (C

GP)

OVC Bursary

Progr

am

Public Assi

stance

(PA)

School F

eeding

Integrat

ed W

atersh

ed M

anag

emen

t Public

Works

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

8508724500 13172 11800

389000

115000Number of Benefi-ciaries

Source: Project Appraisal Document on a proposed IDA Credit to the Kingdom of Lesotho for a Social Assistance Project. (2015)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The social protection programmes highlighted in Figure 1.3.1 above are the main social safety net schemes aimed at targeting the poor in Lesotho. The numbers of citizens who benefit from social insurance schemes is still unavailable. It should also be highlighted that the number of beneficiaries receiving CGP, unlike other social safety net schemes, is calculated in terms of households not individuals. These are all in absolute terms and going forward, assessment of proportions will be necessary for inter-country comparisons. _____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET1.4: By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

Indicator 1.4.2: Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation by type of tenure

Indicator definition:Land Tenure Land tenure can be described as a bundle of rights that individuals and communities have with regard to land, which may include the rights to occupy, to use, to develop, to inherit, and to transfer land.

Calculation formula:Percentage of women and men with secure tenure rights to individually or communally held land, property and natural resources. Method 1 :

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(The number of people ( women and men) with documented evidence of secure tenure rights to individually or communally held land, property and natural resources divided by the total number of adult population surveyed) x 100. Method 2 : (The number of households or local communities with documented evidence of secure tenure rights to individually or communally held land, property and natural resources divided by the total number of households or communities surveyed) x 100.

Baseline value: Urban = 58.8; Peri Urban = 63.5; Rural = 62.1

Base Year: 2016

Table 1.4.2D: Number and Percentage Distribution of Households in occupied Housing Units by Settlement Type and Type of Land Tenure

Settlement Type

Type of Land TenureLeaseho

ldTitle Deed Form C No Title

No Legal right

Don’t know Total

Urban 36.7 2.9 19.2 15.3 2.0 23.9 217,034

Peri-Urban

8.0 3.0 52.5 19.8 2.5 14.2 43,710

Rural 2.0 4.2 55.9 30.0 4.4 3.4 276,713

Source:Lesotho Population and Housing Census (2016)_____________________________________________________________________________Comment:In Lesotho, Leasehold, Title Deed and Form C are the types of land tenure. Possession of Form C which was traditional offered by traditional authorities remains common in Peri-Urban and Rural areas._____________________________________________________________________________

Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other

Indicator 1.5.3D:Existence of national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

Indicator definition:Whether there exist any of national and local disaster risk reduction strategies in Lesotho

Calculation method: A No or Yes (binary) response to whether there are national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

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Baseline value:There exists a National Disaster Reduction Strategy Base Year: 2017_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment: Lesotho has taken note of the importance of developing a Local Government and there are plans in place to develop it within the next two years.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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SDG 2: End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improve Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture

FAO defines hunger in terms of under-nutrition, under nourishment, malnutrition, food security and food insecurity. The vast majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 per cent of the population is undernourished.

LDHS 2014 shows that 33% of children under age 5 are stunted or too short for their age and this is a sign of chronic under-nutrition. Three percent of children under age 5 are wasted (too thin for their height), a sign of acute under-nutrition and, 7% of children under age 5 are overweight, a sign of over nutrition. In addition, 10% are under-weight, or too thin for their age.

“Nutrition is at the heart of development in Lesotho. The current situation in terms of hunger and malnutrition in Lesotho is totally incompatible with the 2030 Agenda and the 2020 vision of Lesotho, achieving food and nutrition security accelerates progress towards the attainment of the Sustainable development goals particularly goal 2 and the development aspirations of Lesotho.” Lesotho Zero Hunger Strategic Review Report 2018

King Letsie 111 is playing an active role in promoting better nutrition and food security as an AU Nutrition Champion as well as FAO newest Ambassador for nutrition.Lesotho therefore is holding hands with the rest of the world in the nutritional reshaping of food production, processing, marketing and distribution. The Ministry of Health has embarked on substantial nutrition–specific intervention such as disease prevention and management, micronutrient supplementation and deworming for under fives, Other sectors are also supporting the Ministry of Health with nutrition sensitive interventions such as improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure, bio-fortification of food crops, nutrition education as well as cash and food transfers to the vulnerable.

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To ensure sustainable food production the Ministry of Agriculture promotes climate smart agriculture by introducing drought tolerant variety of seeds. Farmers are also trained on use of agricultural technologies for production of high value crops. There is however no data available on classification of farmers by sex, size and type.

TARGET 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round

Indicator 2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment

Indicator definition:An estimate of the proportion of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life.

Calculationmethod:The indicator is computed at the population level. To this aim, the population is represented by an “average” individual for which a probability distribution of the habitual daily dietary energy intake levels is modelled through a parametric probability density function (pdf). Once the pdf is characterized, the indicator is obtained as the cumulative probability that daily habitual dietary energy intakes (x) are below the lower bound of the range of normal dietary energy requirements for that representative, or average individual (MDER), as in the formula below:

PoU= ∫_(x<MDER) f(x | DEC; CV; Skew) dxWhereDEC, CV and Skew are the mean, coefficient of variation and skewness that characterize the distribution of habitual dietary energy consumption levels in the population.

Baseline value: 52.1%

Base year: 2015

Source: World Bank Portal -Food and Agriculture Organization ( fao.org/publications/en).

Figure 2.1.1 shows a pre-baseline trend for the prevalence of undernourishment in the country.

Figure 2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment in Lesotho, 2010 -2016

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http://www.fao.org/publications/en/

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201612.2

12.4

12.6

12.8

13

13.2

13.4

12.7

13.1

13.3 13.3

13.1

12.9

12.8

Source: World Bank Portal -Food and Agriculture Organization ( fao.org/publications/en).

_____________________________________________________________________________Comment: Lesotho currently depends on international statistics to assess the prevalence of undernourishment. According to FAO, as reflected in Figure 2.1.1 above, prevalence of undernourishment increased sharply between 2010 and 2012. It however began to improve since 2013 and finally reached 12.8 in 2016._____________________________________________________________________________Indicator 2.1.1(i) A: Food Consumption Score

Indicator Definition:Food Consumption Score – FCS - ‘Poor’ food consumption is generally regarded as a sign of extreme household food insecurity. It refers to a diet composed mainly of maize on a daily basis and vegetables for a maximum of four days per week. ‘Borderline’ food consumption is classified as a diet made up of cereals and vegetables on a daily basis plus oils/fats for five days and sugar/sugar products for three days per week. ‘Acceptable’ food consumption is classified as daily intake of cereals, vegetables, oil and sugar, and at least one day consumption of foods rich in protein.

Calculation Method: Food consumption score is calculated using the frequency of consumption of different food groups consumed by a household during the 7-day period, categorising households into ‘poor’, ‘borderline’ and ‘acceptable’ food consumption groups.

Baseline Value: Overall Food Consumption Score 53.3% of total households had acceptable food consumption, 34.4% had borderline and 12.3% had poor food consumption score

Base year: 2017

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http://www.fao.org/publications/en/

Figure 2.1.1A; Food Consumption Score by District and Settlement– Urban and Rural

Butha Buthe Leribe

BereaMaser

u

Mafeteng

Mohale's Hoek Quthing

Qacha's Nek

Mokhotlong

Thaba Tseka

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Poor Borderline Acceptable

Butha Buthe Leribe

BereaMaser

u

Mafeteng

Mohale's Hoek Quthing

Qacha's N

ek

Mokhotlong

Thaba Tseka

Poor Borderline Acceptable

Source: Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis Report 2017

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: Figures 2.1.1 Ahighlights the Food Consumption Score of Urban and Rural areas of the ten Lesotho districts respectively. This indicator has been added as a local proxy to undernourishment prevalence indicator which Lesotho does not currentlycollect._____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 2.1.2: Proportion of moderate or severe food insecurity in the populationbased on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)

Indicator Definition: Moderately food insecure: Has significant food consumption gaps, OR marginally able to meet minimum food needs only with irreversible coping strategies. Severely food insecure: Has extreme food consumption gaps, OR has extreme loss of livelihood assets will lead to food consumption gaps, or worse. The Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis Reportuses the Consolidated Approach to Reporting Indicators of food security (CARI) to capture these levels

Calculation Method:Number of people who are moderately (or severely) food insecure divided by the total population in the area under review.

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Urban Rural

Baseline Value: Total Proportion: Moderately Food Insecure = 34.4% Severely Food Insecure = 12.3%

Base Year: 2017


Table 2.2.1: Proportion of moderate or severe food insecurity in the populationby Residence

Residence

Moderately Food Insecure

Severely Food Insecure

Urban 27.5% 7.9%Rural 38.7% 15.1%Total (for Population)

34.4% 12.3%


_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: The comparative analysis highlighted in Table 2.2.1 above shows that rural population is more food insecure than their urban counterparts._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 2.2: By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons

Indicator 2.2.1:Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age

Indicator definition:Number of under-fives falling below minus 2 standard deviations from the median height-for-age of the reference population.Children under 5 years of age in the surveyed population

Calculation method:The number of children from birth through <5 years with height-for-age more than 2 standard deviations below the median length/height-for-age is divided by the total number of children from birth through 5 years and the result is multiplied by 100.

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Baseline value: 33%

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

A pre-baseline trend for prevalence of stunting is portrayed in Figure 2.2.1Figure 2.1.1: Prevalence of Stunting in Lesotho, 2004 -2014

2004 2009 20140

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

5044%

39%33%

Stunting

Year

Perc

ent

Source: LDHS 2004, 2009 and 2014

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The latest data available reveals that levels of stunting have been declining steadily from 44% in 2004 to 33% in 2014. This marks a mere 11 percentage points decline over a period of ten years._____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 2.2.2:Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)

Indicator definition:Prevalence of overweight (weight for height >+2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age

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Prevalence of wasting: (weight for height <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age

Calculation method: For the wasting estimate, the number of children 5 and younger with weight-for-length/height 2 or more standard deviations below the median weight-for-length/height is divided by the total number of children from birth through 5 years and the result is multiplied by 100. For the overweight estimate, the number of children with weight-for-length/height 2 or more standard deviations above the median weight-for-length/height is divided by the total number of children from birth through 5 years and the result is multiplied by 100. The numbers and resulting estimates are weighted to be nationally representative

Baseline values: 7% (Overweight) and 3% (Wasting)

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 2.2.2 portrays a pre-baseline trend of malnourishment among the under-fives.

Figure 2.2.2: Percentage of Children under Age 5 classified as malnourished

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2004 2009 20140%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

7% 7% 7%

5%

4%

3%

OverweightWasting


_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:While the prevalence of wasting in children seem to have been declining over the years, the levels of children who are overweight before the age of five has remained stagnant at 7 percent since 2004._____________________________________________________________________________________

Target 2.a: Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries

Indicator2.a.1: The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures

Indicator definition:The Agriculture Share of Government Expenditures divided by the Agriculture Share of GDP, where Agriculture refers to the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector.Government spending in Agriculture includes spending on sector policies and programs; soil improvement and soil degradation control; irrigation and reservoirs for agricultural use; animal health management, livestock research and training in animal husbandry; marine/freshwater biological research; afforestation and other forestry projects; etc.

Calculation method:AOI = (Agriculture Share of Government Expenditures) / (Agriculture Share of GDP), where’

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1) Agriculture Share of Government Expenditures = (Central Government Expenditures on Agriculture) / (Total Central Government Outlays); and2) Agriculture Share of GDP = (Agriculture Value-Added) / GDP

An AOI greater than 1 reflects a higher orientation towards the agriculture sector, which receives a higher share of government spending relative to its contribution to economic value-added. An AOI less than 1 reflects a lower orientation to agriculture, while an AOI equal to 1 reflects neutrality in a government’s orientation to the agriculture sector

Baseline Value: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing as percentage of GDP = 5.6% and 5.0% in 2014 and 2015 respectively (Lesotho National Accounts 2017)

Agriculture and Forestry Share of Government Budget for 2013/14 and 2014/15 FY = 3.45 and 0.742 respectively. (Budget Speech 2014/15)

AOI = 0.616 in (2014) and0.742 in (2015)

Base Year: 2014/15

Source: Own Computations

Figure 2.a.1: The Agriculture Orientation Index (2014 – 2015)

2014 20150

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.616000000000002

0.742000000000002

AOI

Source: Own computations

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Comment: Figure 2.a.1 above reflects an improvement in orientation towards agriculture. The figures are still however less than one and reflects a lower orientation towards agriculture. _____________________________________________________________________________________

SGD 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being for All at All Ages

One of the primary goals of Lesotho vision 2020 is that Lesotho will be a healthy nation with a well-developed human resource base. It also envisages that the country will have a good quality health system with facilities and infrastructure accessible and affordable to all Basotho, irrespective of income, disabilities, geographical location and wealth. It further proposes that Health personnel will provide quality health service and patient care.

Provision of Health facilities across the country was one of the key elements in the achievement of this vision. Notwithstanding the importance of expansion of health facilities, the importance of quality services has been deemed most crucial for improvement of health outcomes. Ensuring that the population that require health services do not experience catastrophic expenditures to access services is also important as such expenditures contributes to their poverty and ultimately their desire for good health. In this regard, issue of health systems strengthening including health work force, appropriate equipment and safe and affordable medication and health governance need to be considered.Also the Implementation of the Health Strategic Plan 2012-2016 was one of the key moves by government to improve health outcomes. The country vision includes specific goals such as Combating HIV and AIDS, reducing maternal and new-born deaths, prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases and also focusing on completing the unfinished MDG agenda.

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Due to poor outcomes that were realized during the implementation of NSDP I, the currently developed NSDP II priorities do not differ significantly from those of NSDP I. It should be noted that the country is taking SDGs in to consideration in the Development of NSDP II and this will ensure the alignment of goals as such they can be implemented simultaneously.

TARGET 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births

Indicator 3.1.1Maternal Mortality Ratio

Indicator definition:The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time periodper 100,000 live births during the same time period. It depicts the risk of maternal death relative to the number of live births and essentially captures the risk of death in a single pregnancy or a single live birth

Calculation method:The maternal mortality ratio can be calculated by dividing recorded (or estimated) maternal deaths by total recorded (or estimated) live births in the same period and multiplying by 100,000.

Baseline value: 1,024per 100,000 live births

Base Year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 3.1.1shows a pre-baseline trend for maternal mortality ratio in Lesotho.

27

Figure 3.1.1: Maternal Mortality Ratio, 2004-2014, Lesotho

2004 2009 20140

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

939

1243

1024

MMR

Mat

erna

l Dea

ths P

er 1

00,0

00 Li

ve B

irths

Source: LDHS, 2004, 2009 and 2014

_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:The Lesotho MMR reached its peak in 2009 when it was recorded at 1243 deaths per 100,000 live births. It however declined to 1024 in 2014but remains higher than the rate recorded in 2004. It should be noted that maternal mortality survey is carried out as part of the Demographic health survey every five years and the last assessment was in 2014 with the next assessment to be done in 2019._____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 3.1.2: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

Indicator definition:Percentage of live births attended by skilled health personnel during a specified time period

Calculation method:Number of live births attended by a skilled health personnel divided by 100

Baseline value: 78%

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 3.1.2 shows a pre-baseline trend for births attended by skilled health personnel.

28

Figure 3.1.2: Proportions of Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel, 2004-2014, Lesotho

2004 2009 20140

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

55%62%

78%

Proportions of Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel

Per c

ent

____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The proportion of deliveries attended by skilled personnel has been increasing steadily since 2004 to 2014 when it was finally recorded at 78%. Data on the above mentioned indicator is also collected through LDHS which was last done in 2014 with the next assessment expected in 2019.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 3.2: By 2030, end preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births

Indicator 3.2.1: Under-five mortality rate

Indicator definition: Number of deaths under five years of age occurring in a given geographical area during a given year, per 1000 live births

Calculation method:Number of children who died before their fifth birthday divided by the number of live births in a given year, multiplied by 1000 (direct method)

Baseline value: 85 per 1000 live births

29

Source: LDHS, 2004, 2009 and 2014

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

A pre-baseline trend for the under-five mortality ratio in the country is shown in Figure 3.2.1

Figure 3.2.1: Under Five Mortality Ratio, 2004-2014, Lesotho

2004 2009 20140

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

113 117

85

Deat

hs p

er 1

,000

Live

Birt

hs

Source: LHDS 2004, 2009 and 2014

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:Mortality rates for children under five years of age were recorded at 85 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2014. This represents an improvement from 117 deaths experienced in 2009._____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 3.2.2: Neonatal mortality rate

Indicator definition:Probability that a child born on a specific year or period will die during the first 28completed days of life if subjected to age specific mortality rates of that period, expressed per 1000 live births

Calculation method:Number of children who died during the first 28 days of life divided by total live births, multiplied by 1000

Baseline value: 34 deaths per 1000 live births

30

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 3.2.2 shows a pre-baseline trend of neonatal mortality rate in Lesotho

Figure 3.2.2: Neonatal Mortality Rate,2004-2014, Lesotho

2004 2009 20140

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50 4647

34

Neonatal Mortarlity Rate

Deat

hs p

er 1

,000

Live

Birt

hs

Source: LHDS 2004, 2009 and 2014

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:As highlighted in Figure 3.2.2 above, the probability that a child born on a specific year or period will die during the first 28completed days of life measured by Neonatal Mortality Rate dropped significantly from 47 to 34 deaths per 1000 live births between 2009 and 2014._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases

Indicator 3.3.3a: Number of new HIV infections per 100 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations

Indicator definition: New infections per 100 person-years (PY) of exposure

Calculation method:Number of people who are newly infected in a specific time period divided by the total uninfected person-years, multiplied by 100

31

Baseline value:1.9 %

Base year:2014

Source: LDHS 2014

A pre-baseline trend of HIV incidence in Lesotho is shown in Figure 3.3.3a

Total Woman Age (15-49) Men Age (15-49)0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

1.90

1.70

2.10

__________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:At present, the available data is not disaggregated by key populations as required by this indicator.__________________________________________________________________________________Indicator 3.3.3A: HIV Prevalence

Definition: Number of HIV infections per 100’000 persons-years among the uninfected population by key population areas

Calculation method: Number of people who are infected in a specific time period divided by total uninfected in a specific time period divided by total uninfected person-years of exposure multiplied by 100,000

BaselineValue: Overall: 25%, Women: 30%, Men: 19%

Base year: 2014

32

Figure3.3.3a: HIV Incidence among Men and Women Age 14 – 492014, Lesotho

Source: LHDS 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Sex Workers

Factory Workers

Men who sex with

men

Inmates Pregnant Women

General Population

Young Women

Young Men0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%72%

43%

33% 31%26% 25%

13%

6%

Source: Health Information Management System 2016

___________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:While HIV prevalence was not included in the original list of indicators, it is included in this report as a supplementary indicator to HIV incidence. Figure 3.3.3 A above shows the disaggregated data by population at high risk of infection as extracted from the Ministry of Health Management Information System 2016.____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 3.3.4:Tuberculosis incidence per 100 000 population

Indicator definition:Estimated number of new and relapse TB cases (all forms of TB, including cases in people living with HIV) arising in a given year, expressed as rate per 100,000

Calculation method:Number of new and relapse TB cases arising in a specified time period divided by the number of person-years of exposure multiplied by 100,000

Baseline value:852 per 100 000 people

Base year: 2014

33

Figure 3.3.3A: HIV Prevalence among Populations at High Risk of Infection

Source: HMIS 2016

Figure 3.3.4 shows a pre-baseline trend of TB incidences in Lesotho.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400 1297 1278 12591225 1177

11191054

985916

852

Years


_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The latest information available reflects that TB incidence rate has been declining consistently over the years.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Target 3.7: By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes

Indicator 3.7.1: Proportion of women of reproductive age (age 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods

Indicator definition:The percentage of women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods of contraception

34

Figure 3.3.4: TB incidence per 100 000 population (2005-2014), Lesotho

Calculation method:Number of woman of reproductive age (15-49) who use modern methods of contraception divided by total number of woman of reproductive age, multiplied by 100

Baseline:

Age Group Marital StatusMarried Unmarried

15 -19 55 71.520 – 24 72.4 77.025 – 29 78.8 80.730 – 34 80.1 81.635 – 39 91.3 82.840 – 44 74.8 77.545 - 49 73.1 76.1

Base Year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-490

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

MarriedUnmarried

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:As reflected in Figure 3.7.1 above, the percentage of women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods of contraception is high among unmarried women than married women in all age groups._____________________________________________________________________________________

35

Figure 3.7.1: Percentage of Demand Satisfied by Modern Methods of Contraception by Marital Status and Age Group

Source: Lesotho Demographic Health Survey 2014

Indicator 3.7.2: Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group

Indicator definition:The age specific fertility rate for female aged 10-14 and 15 to 19 years

Calculation method:Number of live births to females aged 10-14 years (15-19) divided by total number of females aged 10-14 years (15-19) multiplied by 1000. Similar method is followed for those aged 15-19.

Baseline value: 94 Live Births per 1000 Females Aged 15 – 19

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

2004 2009 201490

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

92

96

94

Adolescent Birth Rate (Age 15-19)

Ado

lesc

ent B

irth

Rat

e

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The Lesotho Adolescent Birth Rate has fluctuated above 90% since 2004 and the latest rate was recorded at 94% in 2014, having declined from 96% in 2009.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

36

Figure 3.7.2: Adolescent Birth Rate (Age 15-19), 2004-2014, Lesotho


TARGET 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

Indicator 3.9.2D:Case Fatality Rate in Diarrhea & Gastroenteritis by Age and Sex, Lesotho

Indicator definition:Proportion of people who die from Diarrhea& Gastroenteritis among all individuals diagnosed with the disease over a certain period of time.

Calculationmethod:Number of deaths fromDiarrhea& Gastroenteritisdivided by the number of individuals diagnosed with the disease over a certain period of time, and multiplied by 100.

Baseline:

Age Group Case Fatality rate by SexMale Female

0 – 5 16% 10%6 – 12 30% 29%13 years and older 6% 6%

Base Year: 2015


Figure3.9.2: Case Fatality Rate in Diarrhea & Gastroenteritis by Age and Sex, Lesotho

Males (0-5 years)

Females (0-5 years)

Males (6-12 years)

Females (6-12 years)

Males (13 years and

above)

Females (13 years and

above)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

16

10

30 29

6 6

%


37

_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:Since there is no indicator in Lesotho that directly talks to SGD Indicator 3.9.2, this report uses a domesticated indicator of the Case Fatality Rate in Diarrhea& Gastroenteritis which is, among other factors, related to water borne diseases. The rationale is that poor WASH standards are the leading causes of Diarrhea& Gastroenteritis. It is calculated as the proportion of people who die fromDiarrhea& Gastroenteritis among all individuals diagnosed with the disease over a certain period of time.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate

Indicator 3.a.1: Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older

Calculation method: The number of tobacco users (smoke and snuff) aged 15-49 years divided by the total population aged 15 -49 yeas multiplied by 100

Baseline:

Age Group Prevalence of current tobacco use by sex

Males Females15 -19 18.6% 0.3%20 – 24 55.2% 2.1%25 – 29 46.9% 5.0%30 – 34 49.7% 8.9%35 – 39 48.7% 11.4%40 – 44 52.6% 23.5%45 - 49 52.1% 25.2%

Base Year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

38

Figure 3.3.3a: Percentage of Men and Women Aged 15-49 who Use Tobacco, Lesotho

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-490

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.32.09999999999999

58.90000000000001

11.4

23.5 25.2MalesFemales

Source: LDHS 2014_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:Consumption of tobacco is notably high among the male population compared to their female counterparts. Another notable issue to highlight is the fact that tobacco consumption seems to increase with age among women and men as well even though highest consumers are 20-24 years. It should be highlighted that utilisation of tobacco includes both the practice of inhaling tobacco smoke as well as snuffing smokeless tobacco into nasal cavity. Lesotho has ratified theWHO Framework Convention on TobaccoControl but has not passed legislation (Tobacco control bill)_____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of

39

developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all

Indicator 3.b.1D:Proportion of the population with access to medicines or medical treatment

Indicator definition: Percent of persons who have nevergone without medicines over the past year.Calculation method: The number of people who required medicines or medical treatment who have never gone without medicines or medical treatment over the past year.

Baseline Value: 58%

Baseline Year: 2017

Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Survey in Lesotho 2017

Figure 3.b.1D:Proportion of the population with access to medicines or medical treatment

Urban

Rural

Male

Female

Total

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

20172014

Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 and 7 Survey in Lesotho, 2014 and 2017

40

Indicator 3.b.1A: Immunization Coverage by Type

Definition: Percentage of people who receive one or more vaccines in relation to the overall population.

Baseline Values:

Vaccination Type

Percentage of children age 12-

23 months vaccinated

BCG 98%DPT

Pentavalent 1

98%

DPT Pentavalen

t 2

95%

DPT Pentavalen

t 3

85%

Polio 1 96%Polio 2 89%Polio 3 76%

Measles 90%All Basic 68%

None 1%

Baseline Year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

41

BCG

DPT Pentav

alent 1

DPT Pentav

alent 2

DPT Pen

tavale

nt 3Polio

1Polio

2Polio

3

Measles

All Basi

cNone

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Source: LDHS 2014

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: In the absence of consolidated data on traditional SDG Indicator 3.b.1 (3.b.1 Proportion of the population with access to affordable medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis), Indicator 3.b.1A has been added to capture the missing aspect of immunization in Indicator 3.b.1D above._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 3.d:Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks

Indicator 3.d.1: International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness

Indicator Definition:Percentage of attributes of 13 core capacities that have been attained at a specific point in time. The 13 core capacities are: (1) National legislation, policy and financing; (2) Coordination and National Focal Point communications; (3) Surveillance; (4) Response; (5) Preparedness; (6) Risk communication; (7) Human resources; (8) Laboratory; (9) Points of entry; (10) Zoonotic events; (11) Food safety; (12) Chemical events; (13) Radionuclear emergencies.

42

Figure 3.b.1D: Immunization Coverage by Type, 2014, Lesotho

Computation Method:(Number of 'yes' to level 1 and 2 questions) / (Total number of level 1 and 2 questions) per core capacity

Baseline Value: 62

Base Year: 2017

Source of Data: WHO Global Health Observatory Database

Figure 3.d.1: International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity score

2010 2011 2013 2016 20170

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

4247

63

74

62

Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Database

SDG 4: Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Life-Long Learning Opportunities for All

From the vision 2020 inception across its implementation through medium term plans that include the poverty reduction strategy (2002) and the NSDP (2012-2017), provision of an equitable basic education to all Basotho has been highlighted as one of the key developmental goals. As required by the SDGs, focus on education strategies was never solely skewed towards access but also included some elements of quality and appropriateness or relevance in terms of seeking to aligning education to national developmental needs.

43

Whilst there has been some notable efforts towards ensuring universal access to education, particularly at primary and tertiary through free primary education and bursary scheme for tertiary education, issues around quality and relevance has remained unsolved. Transitioning to secondary education as well as accessing early childhood education have also remainde a key challenges mainly due to unaffordable costs that have to be borne by parents and guardians. In essence, OVC bursary scheme for secondary still remains insufficient to address the huge costs between primary education and secondary. Similarly, low investment in pre-primary, which accounts for less than one percent of the education budget, has contributed immensely to around 6o percent of pre-primary age children deprived of pre-primary education despite its proven importance. Under access, gender parity has remained fairly distributed among males and females at primary but has remained skewed in favour of females at secondary and tertiary levels. Nevertheless, the lower numbers of males in tertiary continue to dominate the STEM subjects which normally pave way for better job opportunities beyond schooling years.

While there are still some challenges related to access to education, particularly in relation to smooth transition to the next education level, the notable achievements in this area cannot be overlooked. Given these achievements, there is a clear policy shift towards improving quality. Even though implementation of quality measures has remained ineffective compared to efforts towards access, issues around good quality education has always been reflected as one of the education developmental goals in Lesotho’s national development agenda.

The high tertiary graduation rates coupled with high graduates’ unemployment has highlighted the need to align the educational system with the labour market needs. This has also remained one of the key priority areas highlighted by the vision 2020 and its subsequent implementing tools. The endeavour is also directly related to SDG 4, particularly Target 4.4 – ‘by 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship’. It remains without a doubt that Lesotho has remained behind in achieving this aspect of education. It therefore remains imperative to address issues around relevance of education if employment challenges are to be met through education. It is also important to support adolescent girls, and particularly boys who are normally employed in herding, so they can complete primary and secondary with meaningful learning outcomes. This should include non-formal education or other alternative pathways which are currently under resourced.In essence, without foundational (literacy, numeracy etc.) and transferable skills (communication, creativity, problem solving, and critical thinking) developed at primary and lower secondary, young people cannot access

44

further training and employment that requires higher order thinking. Therefore, relevance of education should not be viewed from the perspective of just job specific skills but also as crucial for foundational and transferable skills.

TARGET 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

Indicator 4.1.1D:Grade 6thSACMEQ1 Reading and Mathematics Achievement Scores

Indicator definition:SACMEQ reading and math assessments have been carried out in countries in Anglophone East Africa in 1995, 2000, and 2007. SACMEQ is 1Southern and Eastern African Consortium for Monitoring Education Quality

45

administered in school to children in the 6th grade of formal school and is designed to assess student abilities in mathematics and reading English.

Calculation method:SACMEQ scores are scaled to have an international average value of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points.

Baseline Value: SACMEQ III Maths Score = 476.9

SACMEQ III Reading Score = 451.2

Base year: 2007

Source: SACMEQ 2007

Figure 4.1.1(a): SACMEQ II and III Reading and Math Achievement Scores by Sex, Region and Socioeconomic Status (SES).

Boys Girls Rural Urban Low SES (Bottom

25%)

High SES (Top 25%)

Total Score

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

SACMEQ II Reading ScoreSACMEQ III Reading ScoreSACMEQ II Maths ScoreSACMEQ III Maths Score

Source: SACMEQAchievement Scores for Lesotho

Figure4.1.1 (b): SACMEQ II and III Reading Achievement Scores by Type

46

Pre Reading

Emergent Reading

Basic Reading

Reading for Meaning

Interpretive Reading

Inferential Reading

Analytical Reading

Critical Reading

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SACMEQIII (2007) Reading AchievementSACMEQII (2000) Reading Achievement

%

Source: SACMEQAchievement Scores for Lesotho

Figure4.1.1(c): SACMEQ II and III Maths Achievement by Type:

Pre Numeracy

Emergent Numeracy

Basic Numeracy

Beginning Numeracy

Competent Numeracy

Mathematically Skilled

Concrete Problem Solving

Abstract Problem Solving

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

SACMEQ III (2007) Math achievementSACMEQ II (2000) Math achievement

%

Source: SACMEQAchievement Scores for Lesotho_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:While common local examinations at the end of primary, lower secondary and higher secondary have generally been used to assess students’ proficiency in a number of subjects including Mathematics and Language subjects, SACMEQ international comparative tests have become crucial in assessing Lesotho’s performance against other regional comparators.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

47

TARGET4.2: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

Indicator 4.2.2D: Net Enrolment Rate at ECCD, by sex

Indicator definition:Enrollees of the official age for a specified level of education expressed as a percentage of the total official age population for that level.

Calculationmethod:The number of children in the relevant age group who participate in an organized learning programme is expressed as a percentage of the total population in the same age range.

Baseline value:29.49 (NER at ECCD in 2016)

Source: Education Statistics Bulletin 2016

Figure 4.2.2: Net Enrolment Rate at ECCD, 2016, Lesotho

2015 20160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

23

28.83

24

30.15

23.5

29.49

MalesFemalesTotal


_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:In Lesotho, participation rate is estimated through Net Enrolment Ratio (NER). It is defined as the ‘enrolees of the official age for a specified level of education expressed as a percentage of the total official age population for that level. It is used to show the degree of participation of children in a given level of

48

education who are of the official age for that given level’ – Education Statistics Bulletin (2016)._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 4.3: By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university

Indicator 4.3.1D: Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) at Higher Education Institutes (HEI)

Indicator definition:Enrolment in a specified level of education regardless of age expressed as a percentage of the total official age population for that level. This indicator is used to show the general level of participation in a particular level of education .It is also used to indicate the degree in which over-aged and under aged children enroll in schools.

Calculation method: Enrolment in a specified level of education regardless of age expressed as a percentage of the total official age population for that level.

Baseline value:11% (GER at HEI during 2013/14)Figure 4.3.1: Gross Enrolment Ratios at HEI: 2010/11 - 2013/14, 2 Lesotho

2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/140

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Gro

ss E

nro

lme

nt

Rati

os

_____________________________________________________________________________________

49


Comment:The international standards calculate participation rates of youths by comparing the total number of students aged 18-25 enrolled in higher education institutions relative to the population of youth aged 18-25. The rate was estimated at 4.6 percent of the population of youth in that age group. The rate was still low compared to the total population of the youth. On the other hand, the participation rate of adult students from ages 26- 50 years enrolled in higher education institutions was much lower as it was estimated at 1.5 percent of the population in that age group. Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)is generally used to show the general level of participation in a particular level of education. It is also used to indicate the degree in which over-aged and under aged children enrol in schools. In this report, GER at Higher Education Institutions (HEI) has been utilised to assess youth and adult participation in education regardless of their age, that is, whether they over aged or not.

____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 4.5: By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations

Indicator 4.5.1: Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated

Indicator definition:Parity indices require data for the specific groups of interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups.Calculation method: The indicator value of the likely more disadvantaged group is divided by the indicator value of the other sub-population of interest.

DPI = [Indi]d[Indi]awhere:DPI = the Dimension (Gender, Wealth, Location, etc.) Parity IndexIndi = the Education 2030 Indicator i for which an equity measure is needed.d = the likely disadvantaged group (e.g. female, poorest, etc.)a = the likely advantaged group (e.g. male, richest

Baseline Value: Primary GPI: 0.97 (NIR), 0.88 (AIR) - Source: Education Statistics Bulletin (2016)

50

Secondary GPI: 1.6 (NIR), 1.4 (AIR) - Source: Education Statistics Bulletin (2016)

GPI in Urban: 0.97 – Source: LDHS 2014GPI in Rural: 1.05 – Source: LDHS 2014GPI among the Lowest Wealth Quintile: 1.11 – Source: LDHS 2014GPI among the Second Wealth Quintile:1.05 – Source: LDHS 2014GPI among the Middle Wealth Quintile:1.03 – Source: LDHS 2014GPI among the Fourth Wealth Quintile: 0.98 – Source: LDHS 2014GPI among the Highest Wealth Quintile: 0.97 – Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 4.5.1 (a): Gender Parity in Primary and Secondary

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20160

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

GPI (AIR) - PrimaryGPI (NIR) - PrimaryGPI (AIR) - SecondaryGPI (NIR) - Secondary

** Apparent Intake Rates- (AIR) and Net Intake Rates - (NIR)


Figure 4.5.1(b): Gender Parity Index by Geographic Regions, Lesotho

51

Urban

Rural

Lowlands

Foothills

Mountains

Senqu River Valley

0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15

GPI

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 4.5.1(c): Gender Parity Index by Districts, Lesotho

Butha Buthe

Leribe

Berea

Maseru

Mafeteng

Quthing

Qacha's Nek

Mokhotlong

Thaba-Tseka

0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2

GPI

Figure 4.5.1(d): Gender Parity Index by Wealth Quintile

52

Source: LDHS 2014

Lowest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Highest

0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15

1.11

1.05

1.03

0.98

0.970000000000001

GPI

Wea

lth Q

uinti

le

Source: LDHS 2014

Indicator 4.5.1A: Proportion of persons with disability aged five years and above by educational attainment and sex.

Indicator definition: The percentage of people with disabilities who have attained a certain level of education disaggregated by educational level attained and sex.

Method of Calculation: (a) Sex Disaggregated: Total Number of Males/Female persons with disabilities with given educational attainment divided by the total number of persons with disabilities with similar educational level multiplied by 100

(b) Aggregated: Total Number of Persons with disabilities with a certain level of educational attainment divided by the total number of persons with disabilities multiplied by 100.

Baseline Values: Educational Attainment

Total

Pre-School 1.5Primary 58

Secondary15.

8

53

Dip/Cert after Primary 0.2Dip/Cert after Secondary 2.1Vocational 0.3Graduate 1.2Non Formal 2.3No Attainment 1.4

Never Attended17.

4Other 0.1

Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Census 2016

Figure 4.5.1A (a) Proportion of persons with disability aged five years and above by educational attainment and sex

Pre-Sch

ool

Primary

Secondary

Dip/Cert aft

er Prim

ary

Dip/Cert aft

er Sec

ondary

Vocational

Graduate

Non Form

al

No Attainem

nt

Never A

ttended

Other0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

FemaleMale

54

Source: Lesotho Population and Housing Census 2016

Figure 4.5.1A (b) Proportion of persons with disability aged five years and above by educational attainment

1%

58%16%

0%2%

0%1% 2%

1%

17%

0%

Pre-SchoolPrimarySecondaryDip/Cert after PrimaryDip/Cert after SecondaryVocationalGraduateNon FormalNo AttainemntNever AttendedOther

Source: Lesotho Population and Housing Census 2016

___________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: The Gender Parity Index disaggregated by the four variables illustrated above highlights that gender parity is indeed different across different population groups. Notably, there is huge disparity at secondary school level as well as at different geographicallocations. There is also a notable gender disparity between the lowest and highest wealth quintiles. On the other hand, Indicator 4.5.1A was included as an additional indicator to capture issues around educational attainment of people with disabilities. Figure 5.4.1A (b) shows a worrisome numbers which highlight that the more than halve of the people with disabilities only manage to go as far as primary level while 17% has never attended school at all____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 4.6: By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy

Indicator 4.6.1D:Percentage of population in a given age group that is literate (Literacy Rate) by sex

Indicator definition:the percentage of people in a certain sample of population or country that have the ability to read and write.

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Calculation method:the percentage of people in a certain sample of population or country that have the ability to read and write.

Baseline value: 94% (Literacy Rate in 2014)

Base Year: 2014

Figure 4.6.1 shows literacy rate by age group.Figure 4.6.1D: Literacy rate of 15- 24 and 15 – 49 Year-olds, 2014 by Sex,

Lesotho

Males Females Total75

80

85

90

95

100

90.6

98.6

94.6

85

97

91

15-24 years15-49 years

Source: LDHS 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: Literacy rate in this instance simply refers to ability to read a whole sentence or part of the sentence. In all the age groups highlighted in Figure 4.6.1 above, females were found to more literate than their male counterparts. Given these definition, data to calculate traditional SDG Indicator 4.6.1 is still incomplete for Lesotho.____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 4.c: By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States

Indicator 4.c.1D: Proportion of Qualified School Teachers by primary and secondary level

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Indicator definition:The percentage of teachers by level of education taught (pre-primary, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education) who have received at least the minimum organized pedagogical teacher training pre-service and in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country

Calculation method:The number of teachers in a given level of education who are trained is expressed as a percentage of all teachers in that level of education.

Baseline values: 83% at Primary and 94% at secondary. The proportions of qualified teachers by district are shown in Figures 4.c.1 (a) and 4.c.1 (b) (Base year- 2016).

Figure 4.c.1D (a): Proportion of Qualified Primary School Teachers, 2016, Lesotho

Botha-Bothe

Leribe

Berea

Maseru

Mafeten

g

Mohale’s H

oek

Quthing

Qacha's

Nek

Mokhotlo

ng

Thab

a-Tsek

aTo

tal0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

MalesFemalesTotal

57

Source: Education Statistics Bulletin (2016)

Botha-Bothe

Leribe

Berea

Maseru

Mafeten

g

Mohale's H

oek

Quthing

Qacha's

Nek

Mokhotlo

ng

Thaba-Tsek

aTotal

82%

84%

86%

88%

90%

92%

94%

96%

98%

100%

MalesFemalesTotal

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:There is a notable gender disparity in the proportion of qualified teachers both at primary and secondary. Notably, there are more female teachers that are qualified than their male counterparts. It should also be highlighted that the traditional SDG Indicator 4.c.1 requires disaggregation by, amongst other variables, qualified teachers at pre-primary. While there is no data on number of ECCD teachers, the numbers are known to be very low.

____________________________________________________________________________________

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Figure 4.c.1D (b): Proportion of Qualified Secondary School Teachers, 2016, 2016, Lesotho

Source: Education Statistics Bulletin (2016)

SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls

Gender issues are emerging in the recent times where societies were not considering women to be equal individuals as men, men were mostly participants in economic activities and they were large beneficiaries of development. Lesotho is still at an initial stage regarding understanding and incorporating Gender issues in the communities especially in the rural part of Lesotho. The outgoing National Strategic Development plan also treated Gender as a crosscutting issue which put an emphasis on the broad spectrum of gender issues and how they affect different economic and social sectors.

Lesotho beingparty to international and regional gender protocols such as Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) indicates its commitment to ensuring gender parity. Such platforms serve as reference points for goal 5 implementation and policies that enable women empowerment in order to reach a state where equal political representation between men and women can be seen, women can hold managerial/ decision making positions in the workplace as well as owning their own businesses.

Gender equality therefore must be put at a fore front when implementing development plans by ensuring a robust mainstreaming of Gender across the plans and policies.

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Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women

Indicator 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex

Indicator Definition: Measures whether or not: 1) national laws exist to promote gender equality and non-discrimination against women and girls and 2) there exist mechanisms to ‘enforce and monitor’ the implementation of legal frameworks for each area of law.

Calculation Method: A No or Yes (Binary) responds to whether or not: 1) national laws exist to promote gender equality and non-discrimination against women and girls and 2) there exist mechanisms to ‘enforce and monitor’ the implementation of legal frameworks for each area of law.

Baseline: Lesotho has multiple laws and policies that promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex.

These include the following: Existing legal frameworks:

i) Amendment of company act (2011)ii) Gender and Development Policy (2003-2013)iii) Gender and Development Policy (2018-2028)iv) Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act (2006)v) Companies Act (2011)vi) Financial Institutions Act (2008)vii) Local Government Elections Act (2004)viii) Amendment Government Act (2011)ix) National Assembly Electoral Act (2011)x) Sexual Offences Act (2003)xi) Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act (2011)xii) Children’s Protection and Welfare Act (2011)xiii) Labour code wages act (2012)xiv) Education Act (2010)xv) Land act (2010)xvi) Penal code (2010)

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xvii) Convention on the Elimination of All kinds of Discrimination Against Women (1995)

xviii) International Conversation on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discriminations(1969) Ratification (1992)

xix) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976), Ratification (1992)xx) Optional protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976),Ratification

(2000).xxi) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(1976),Ratification(1992).xxii) CEDAW: 1981, signature (1990),Ratification(1995)xxiii) Optional protocol(2000),Signature: (2000), Ratification (2004)xxiv) Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment:

(1987), Ratified (2001).xxv) Convention on the Rights of the Child(1990),Signature (1990), Ratification(1992)xxvi) Optional protocol to the convention on the involvement of children in armed conflict

(2002)signature (2002), Ratification (2003)xxvii) Optional protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

(2002)Signature(2002), Ratification (2003)xxviii) International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and

Members of their Families (2003),Signature(2004), Ratification/Accession 2005xxix) International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance:

2010Signature 2010), Ratification (2013)xxx) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2008), Ratified( 2008)

TARGET 5.2. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age

Indicator 5.2.2D: Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age 12 months and place of occurrence

Indicator definition: The ratio between the total number of sexual offences cases reported to the police expressed per 100,000 population.

Baseline Value: 86 cases per 100,000 people

Base Year: 2015

61

Source: BOS Crime Statistics Reports (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015) and National and Sub-National Population Projections (2010)

Figure 16.2.3 shows a pre-baseline trend of reported sexual offences in Lesotho.Figure 16.2.3: Number of Sexual Offence Cases per 100,000 Population (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015)

2010 2011 2012 201578

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

92.40

87.20

82.99

85.53 Number of Sexual Offence Cases Reported per 100,000 population

Per 1

00,0

00 P

opul

ation

Source: BOS Crime Statistics Reports (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015) and National And Sub-National Population Projections (2010)

____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: Figure 16.2.3 above highlights an increase in number of sexual offences cases reported between 2012 and 2015. It should be noted that there was no data between 2012 and 2015._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation

Indicator 5.3.1: Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18

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Indicator definition:Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18. Both formal (i.e., marriages) and informal unions are covered under this indicator.

Calculation method:Number of women aged 20-24 who were first married or in union before age 15 (or before age 18) divided by the total number of women aged 20-24 in the population multiplied by 100

Baseline values:35.4%

Base year: 2016

Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Censuses 2016

Figure 5.3.1 shows that the proportion of aged 20-24 years who were married or in union before age 15 and before age 18 dropped from 51% in 2006 to 35% in 2016.Figure 5.3.1 Proportion of Women Aged 20-24 years who were Married or in a Union before age 15 and before age 18 in 2006 and 2016

10-14 15-19 20-240

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

2.4%

49.1%

35.4%

14.4%

50.6%

20062016

Women's Age at census night

Prop

ortio

n of

wom

en in

mar

riage

/uni

on

Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Censuses 2006 and 2016

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: Between 2006 and 2016 there has been a huge increase in the proportion of women who were married before age 18 among women aged 15-19 while there was a decline among women aged 20-24 during the same period._____________________________________________________________________________________

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TARGET 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life

Indicator 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments

Indicator definition: The proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments, currently as at 1 February of reporting year, is currently measured as the number of seats held by women members in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats

Calculation method: The proportion of seats held by women in national parliament is derived by dividing the total number of seats occupied by women by the total number of seats in parliament.

Baseline values:23% (Upper House); 26% (Lower House);

Base year: 2018

Figure 5.5.1: The Proportion of Seats Held by Women in National Parliaments, 2012-16, Lesotho

2012 2015 201720.00%

21.00%

22.00%

23.00%

24.00%

25.00%

26.00%

27.00%

28.00%

27.30%

24.20%

26.00%26%

25%

23%

Upper HouseLower House

Prop

ortio

n of

Fem

ale M

Ps

Source: National Assembly and Senate (2017), SADC Gender Protocol 2018 Barometer

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Comment: Notably, the proportion of women in the lower house of parliament has been declining since 2012. The decline has however been significant in the upper house compared to the lower house. This is mainly due to the fact that the majority of seats in the upper house are traditionally assigned to principal chiefs which are predominantly male due to customary succession laws which require males to succeed their parents. _____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

Indicator 5.6.1: Women making their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care (% of women age 15-49)

Indicator definition: Proportion of women aged 15-49 years (married or in union) who make their own decision on all three selected areas i.e. can say no to sexual intercourse with their husband or partner if they do not want; decide on use of contraception; and decide on their own health care. Only women who provide a “yes” answer to all three components are considered as women who “make her own decisions regarding sexual and reproductive”

Calculation Method: Numerator: Number of married or in union women aged 15-49 years old:

– who can say “no” to sex; and – for whom the decision on contraception is not mainly made by the husband/partner; and – for whom decision on health care for themselves is not usually made by the husband/partner or someone else

Only women who satisfy all three empowerment criteria are included in the numerator. Denominator: Total number women aged 15-49 years old), who are married or in union. Proportion = Numerator X 100/Denominator

Baseline Value: 60.9%

Base Year: 2014

Source: World Bank Development Indicators Database65

TARGET 5.a: Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws

Indicator 5.a.2: Existence of a legal framework (including customary law) that guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

Indicator definition: This refers to the existence of legislations that enforces women equal rights to own/control land

Calculation method: Yes or No (Binary) response to establish whether or not a legal framework that guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control exists.

Baseline Situation: There exist a number of legal frameworks that ensures equality in its different aspects including women´s equal rights to land ownership and/or control. These include the Land Act 2010

Source: Land Act 2010

TARGET 5.b: Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women framework (including customary law) to guarantee women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

Indicator 5.b.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate (Mobile Teledensity)

Indicator definition:The percentage of inhabitants living within range of a mobile -cellular signal, irrespective of whether or not they are mobile phone subscribers or users.

Calculation method:calculated by dividing the number of inhabitants within range of a mobile-cellular signal by the total population and multiplying by 100

Baseline Value: 119

Base year: 2016/17

Source: LCA Annual Report 2017

Figure 5.b.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate

66

2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/170

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

93

122114

119

Teledensity

Source: LCA Annual Report 2017

_____________________________________________________________________________

Comment: There is currently no sex disaggregated mobile cellular penetration rate. However, Figure 5.b.1 highlights that the rate has remained above 100% since 2014/15, showing that some owns more than one mobile phone

_____________________________________________________________________________

Target 5.c: Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

Indicator 5.c.1D: Existence of systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment

Indicator definition: This refers to the existence of systems that track and ensures gender equality and women empowerment are funded through national budgets

Calculation Method: Yes or No (Binary) response to establish whether or not a systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment exists

Baseline:There exist inadequate systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment. However, seats are reserved for women in Parliament and local government levels even though the financial component is lacking

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Base Year: 2017

SDG 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All

The value of Lesotho’s water resources is derived from its strategic position in the Orange-Senqu River Basin. One of Africa’s most economically important rivers, the

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Orange-Senqu begins in the highlands of Lesotho and flows for more than 2,300 km across South Africa and Botswana before discharging into the Atlantic between South Africa and Namibia (World Bank Group, 2016). Lesotho has achieved much in the recent past with respect to improving water supply and sanitation in the urban and rural areas. The end of the 2013/14 financial year saw works around the construction of Metolong Dam drawing to a close, with 95 percent of Phase II advance infrastructure concluded, 75 percent of the dam and raw water pumping station finalised, 95 percent of the water treatment works finished and 50 percent of downstream conveyance systems completed. Limited access to these resources – particularly in the lowlands where about two-thirds of the population live – has been an obstacle to growth and development as well as efforts to prevent waterborne diseases. (Lesotho review, 2015).Although Lesotho has one of the highest rates of access to clean water in sub-Saharan Africa – 72% in urban areas and 63% in rural areas – urbanization is straining resources. During 2013/14, 6 000 urban households were connected to potable water. In the rural areas 97 water supply systems were constructed and 500 hand pumps maintained to serve 60 738 people. With regard to sanitation, 8 000 VIP latrines were constructed to benefit a total of 58 000 people in the rural areas, while there were 600 sewer line connections in the urban areas. Water systems were maintained in 64 community councils and 11 urban councils through Local Authorities.

The supply of water to urban areas in the lowlands has come from river extraction and pumping from underground sources. Increases in the urban population and commercial activity in the lowlands have led to growing demand on these resources and water supply facilities. Soil erosion and eventually siltation also affects ecological functions of wetlands which are sources of rivers and this has an impact on availability and quality of water for different uses. Also sedimentation decreases the lifespan of dams, thus exacerbating the availability of water for different uses (Lesotho Water Partnership, 2016:13).

The Department of Rural Water Supply (DRWS) is responsible for infrastructure development and service delivery in the rural areas which comprises about 70% of Lesotho population. The Water and Sewerage Company (WASCO) also manages non-waterborne sewage collection from conservancy tanks and pit latrines, and the disposal and treatment of biosolids. Design work, most construction, and some maintenance are outsourced by WASA from consultants or contractors.

TARGET 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

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Indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

Indicator definition:The proportion of population (Households) using an improved basic drinking water source which is located on premises, available when needed and free of faecal (and priority chemical) contamination. ‘Improved’ drinking water sources include: piped water into dwelling, yard or plot; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tube-wells; protected dug wells; protected springs; packaged water; delivered water and rainwater

Calculation method: Total number of households (population) using an improved basic drinking water source divided the total number of households (population) in the respective geographical location

Baseline: 79% (Urban) and 77% (Rural)

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 6.1.1 shows a pre-baseline trend of a proportion of households obtaining water from improved sources both in rural an urban areas.

Urban Rural66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

71

74

79

77

20092014

Source: LDHS 2009 and 2014

70

Figure 6.1.1: The proportion of households obtaining water from improve sources (2009 and 2014)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The proportion of households obtaining water from improved sources increased by a mere 3 percentage points in rural areas between 2004 and 2009. It improved by 8 percentage points in urban areas during the same period to 79%._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

Indicator 6.2.1D: The proportion of households with improved toilet facilities

Indicator definition:Percentage of de jure population whose household has a flush toilet, ventilated improved pit latrine, ordinary pit latrine/pit latrine with a slab, or composting toilet and does not share this facility with other households

Calculation method:The percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services is calculated by combining data on the proportion of the population using different types of basic sanitation facilities with estimates of the proportion of faecal waste which is safely disposed in situ or treated off-site

Baseline:49% (Urban) and 51.6 (Rural) in 2014

Base year: 2014Figure 6.2.1: The proportion of households with improved toilet facilities (2009 and 2014)

Urban Rural0

10

20

30

40

50

60

23.6 22.1

4951.6

20092014

Source: Lesotho Demographic andHealth Surveys (2009 and 2014)

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Target 6.4: By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

Indicator 6.4.2: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

Indicator definition:Freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.

Calculation method: The indicator is computed as the total freshwater withdrawn (TWW) divided by the difference between the total renewable freshwater resources (TRWR) and the environmental water requirements (Env.), multiplied by 100. All variables are expressed in km3/year (109m3/year).Stress (%) = TWW / (TRWR-Env.) * 100

Baseline value: 2.13Base year: 2014

Source: World Bank Data Portal: Food and Agriculture Organization, AQUASTAT data

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SDG 7: Ensure Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy for All

The energy balance of Lesotho is characterised by huge dependence on biomass fuel to meet needs of cooking and space heating by the majority of the population about 60 percent in the rural areas. The country fully depends on imports for petroleum products.Most of the electricity produced is based on hydro sources; however the country requires energy imports from neighboring countries to meet its demand. Access to electricity as percentage of population is 27.80 in 2017 (Energypedia).

Despite high dependence on imports, Lesotho has abundance of renewable energy resources mainly wind, hydro and solar, which creates an opportunity for the country to increase domestic energy generation if investment can be mobilised to tap this potential. The growth of renewable as an alternative energy source was not further enhanced to support the continuous increase of energy demand. The Government of Lesotho recognizes the importance of energy efficiency (EE) and conservation as a result efforts are underway to develop a comprehensive energy master plan to be implemented during the NSDP II. The aim is to develop strategies for demand‐related areas in households, industry and commerce, government and transport. Energy efficiency programs in the country include information dissemination on EE for residential and transport sectors, development of EE guidelines for industry, commercial and residential sectors, power factor correction and dissemination of residential and energy efficiency stoves. Electricity consumed in Lesotho is hydro based and despite this, utilization of other forms of renewable energy is very low in the country.

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TARGET 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services

Indicator 7.1.1: Proportion of householdswith access to electricity

Indicator definition: The percentage of households with access to electricity.Calculation method: The number ofhouseholds with electricity as a proportion of total number of households in a given year

Baseline value:27.8%

Base year: 2014

Source: LDHS 2014

Figure 7.1.1: Proportion of households with access to electricity

Urban Rural Total0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

43.2

6

17

61.5

11.8

27.820092014

Source: Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (2009 and 2014)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Comment: Nationally, the proportion of households with access to electricity has increased four-fold over the last decade:7% of households had access to electricity in 2004, 17% in 2009, and 28% in 2014.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 7.1.2D: Proportion of households with primary reliance on clean fuels (LPG and Electricity) and technology by source

Indicator definition:Number of people households using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting expressed as percentage of total households. “Clean” is defined by the emission rate targets and specific fuel recommendations (i.e. against unprocessed coal and kerosene) included in the normative guidance WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion. For the purpose of Lesotho baseline report, only two sources of energy – electricity and Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) – is classified as clean energy on the basis that they are less likely to affect the indoor air quality.

Calculation method:Calculated as the number of people households using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting divided by total householdsreporting that any cooking, heating or lighting, expressed as percentage

Baseline value:See Table 7.1.2

Base year: 2016

Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Census (2016)

Table 7.1.2: Households with Primary Reliance on Clean Fuels and Technology by Source

LightingSource of Energy No. of Households

of h/h that use clean energy

Percentage of h/h that use clean energy (out of 537,457 h/h in Lesotho)

Electricity Grid 191874 35.70%Electricity Generator 175 0.03%Electricity Solar 11759 2.19%

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Battery 1333 0.25%LPG 886 0.16%Total 206027 38.33%

HeatingElectricity 30431 5.66%LPG 9309 1.73%Total 39740 7.39%

CookingElectricity 76350 14.21%LPG 159260 29.63%Total 235610 43.84%

Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Census (2016)

TARGET 7.2: By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix

7.2.1: Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption

Indicator definition:The percentage of final consumption of energy that is derived from renewable resources.Renewable energy consumption includes consumption of energy derived from: hydro, solid biofuels, wind, solar, liquid biofuels, biogas, geothermal, marine and waste. Total final energy consumption is calculated from national balances and statistics as total final consumption minus non-energy use. Calculation method:It is calculated by dividing consumption of energy from all renewable sources by total final energy consumption and multiplied by 100.

Baseline values:52.1 percent of actual total consumption

Base Year: 2015

Source:World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from the SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework

Figure 7.2.1 shows the renewable energy consumption as a percentage of total final energy consumption in Lesotho from 2010 up to the base-year (2015)

Figure 7.2.1:Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)

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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 201550

50.5

51

51.5

52

52.5

53

53.5

54

53.449

53.135

52.413 52.2980000000001

51.389

52.139 Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy con-sumption)

Source: World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from the SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment: While the World Bank, SE4ALL provides the latest data, it should be highlighted that the BoS Lesotho 2009-2011 Energy Balance Report, which this SDG Baseline report recommends as the most appropriate source of Lesotho data on indicator 7.2.1, shows that the energy consumption increased from 2009 (59,281.9TJ) to 2010 (60,863.6TJ) by 2.7 percent. The major source of energy consumed in Lesotho was renewables and waste constituting 52.9 percent in 2009 and 52.0 percent in 2010 of the total energy available.The World Bank results highlighted in Figure 7.2.1 above are not significantly different for the BoS results (2009 and 2010)and shall therefore be utilised in the absence of latest results._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET7.3: By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency

Indicator 7.3.1: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP

Indicator definition: Energy intensity is defined as the energy supplied to the economy pet unit value of economic output.Calculation method:Total Energy Supply divided by GDP

Baseline Value: 5.81TJ per Million Maloti

Base year: 2010

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Source: BoS Energy Balance Report (2009 – 2010) and Lesotho National Accounts

Table 7.3.1: Energy Intensity 2009 - 2010

Year Total Energy Supply (TJ)

GDP (at 2004 constant prices in Million Maloti)

Energy Intensity

2009 59,281.9 9,776 6.062010 60,863.6 10,469 5.81Source: BoS Energy Balance Report (2009 – 2010) and Lesotho National Accounts (2009 – 2010)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: There has been a decline in Energy Intensity between 2009 and 2010. This highlights an improvement in Lesotho’s ability to convert energy into output. The data is however outdated and calls for the resuscitation of the Energy Balance Report._____________________________________________________________________________________

SDG 8: Promote Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work

Goal 8 aims to promote decent work and economic growth. For Lesotho’s economy to grow there is need for macroeconomic and political stability, higher savings and investment, economic diversification and a skilled and competitive labour force as alluded in the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 1

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Lesotho has a potential to be a strong and prosperous nation as demonstrated by its Macro-economic policy which has been largely conducive to strong economic growth. In the periods 1970/71-1974/75 and 1975/76-1979/80, the gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an annual average of 8 percent. During 1980-1990 and 1990-1999, growth slowed down, but remained relatively strong, averaging 3.9% and 4.2%”(Vision 2020).

Important sectors that drive economic growth in Lesotho are: agriculture, mining, manufacturing, technology and tourism. Agriculture is still the main sector that Lesotho has to improve in order to create more jobs and reduce poverty as it employs most of the rural population. Mining and quarrying have shown an upward growth trajectory according to recent national accounts figures. Technology and Manufacturing are promising sectors that need to be nourished. According to NSDP I employment created in manufacturing sector was around 44,537 (2002) after introducing AGOA.

Tourism on the other hand had direct employment increase of 5.7% in year 2016 where 53% of all workers were skilled and 47% were unskilled’ (Lesotho the kingdom in the sky, 2016). There is a need for Ministry of Tourism to implement Tourism levy, for incoming tourists to pay and have significant contribution to the economic growth.

Lesotho Youth Empowerment Survey (2012) report that in Lesotho the youth comprise 38.9 percent of the population and unemployment among Lesotho’s youth is often in the range of 30.0 percent. This shows a very high percentage where educated and uneducated youths suffer the same consequences. Unskilled, untrained and non-educated youths are more vulnerable compared to their counterparts as the educated and skilled youths stand a high chance of employment and other opportunities.

Target 8.1: Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries

Indicator 8.1.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita

Indicator definition:The annual percentage change in the value of GDP per capita from the previous year.

Calculation method:The annual growth rate of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is calculated as follows:

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a. Convert annual real GDP in domestic currency at 2005 prices for a country or area to US dollars at 2005 prices using the 2005 exchange rates.b. Divide the result by the population of the country or area to obtain annual real GDP per capita in constant US dollars at 2005 prices.c. Calculate the annual growth rate of real GDP per capita in year t+ 1 using the following formula:

[(G(t+1) –G(t))/G(t)] x 100%, where G(t+1) is real GDP per capita in 2005 US dollars in year t+1 and G(t) is real GDP per capita in 2005 US dollars in year t


Base year: 2016

Source:National Accounts 2016

Figure 8.1.1: GDP Annual Growth Rate (2014-16), Lesotho

2014 2015 20160

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.53.1

2.52.4

Annual Growth Rate

Source: Lesotho National Accounts (2016)

____________________________________________________________________________________Comment: Figure 8.1.1 portrays a continual decline in Lesotho’s economic growth as measured by GDP annual growth rate.____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors

Indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person

Indicator definition:Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person conveys the annual percentage change in real Gross Domestic Product per employed person.

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The real GDP per employed person being a measure of labour productivity, this represents a measure of labour productivity growth, thus providing information on the evolution, efficiency and quality of human capital in the production process

Calculation method:Real GDP per employed person = GDP at constant prices / Total number of employed persons. For Lesotho, total number of employed persons captures only those who are 10 years and above.

where the numerator and denominator refer to the same reference period, for example, the same calendar year.

If the real GDP per employed person is “LabProd”, then the annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person is calculated as follows:Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person = (LabProd in year n –LabProd in year n-1) / LabProd in year n-1 *100

Real GDP for 2016 = 24.244 billion (National Accounts of Lesotho 2016)

Total number of employed population aged 10 years and above who are employed = 569,867 (348,346 Males and 221,521 Females) According to the 2016 Lesotho Population and Housing Census


Base Year: 2016

Source:National Accounts and Lesotho Population and Housing Census

Target 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro,small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

Indicator 8.3.1D: Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by region

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Indicator definition:This indicator presents the share of non-agricultural employment which is classified as informal employment. Informal employment offers a necessary survival strategy in countries that lack social safety nets, such as unemployment insurance, or where wages and pensions are low, especially in the public sector.In Lesotho, the Bureau of Statistics (BOS) hasdefined informal sector employment as all establishments with less than 10employees that are not formally registered with the respective governmentauthorities, or having license or registration number. Otherwise, all otherestablishments were considered to fall under formal sector enterprise group.

Calculationmethod:Proportion of informal employment in non-agricultural employment = (Informal employment in non-agricultural activities)/(Total employment in non-agricultural activities) x 100

According to a snap shot from Integrated Labour Force Survey (2008) shown in Table 8.3.1a below, the total number of respondents employed in the informal sector together with the percentages employed in the Agriculture (which includes hunting, forestry and fishing). Given this information, 95.4% and 95.1% of the respondents were employed in non-agricultural activities in urban and rural respectively.

On the other hand the total employment (sample) in non agricultural activities is given by

Urban Total Employment in Non Agriculture is given by (expanded):

[74,316– (74,316∗1.5%+74,316∗0.1% )]⏟Formal Sector Employment∈Non Agriculture

+ [8,649– (8,649∗4.6 %)]⏟Informal Sector Employemnt∈Non Agriculture

= 73127 + 8251 = 81378 ………………………………………………………….(1)

Rural Total Employment in Non Agriculture is given by (expanded):

[45,536 – (45,536∗3.4%)]⏟Formal Sector Employment∈Non Agriculture

+ [11,584 – (11,584∗4.6% )]⏟Informal Sector Employemnt∈Non Agriculture

= 43988 + 11051 = 55039 ………………………………………………………… (2)

Urban Total Informal Employment in Non Agriculture:8,649 * 95.4% = 8165……………………………………………………………… (3)

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Rural Total Informal Unemployment in Non Agriculture11,584 * 95.1% = 11016......................................................................................... (4)

Baseline values:Urban (8165/81378) * 100 = 10.03%Rural (11016/55039) * 100 = 20.01%

Base year: 2008Source:Integrated Labour Force Survey 2008

Table 8.3.1a: Percentage Distribution of Employed Population 15 Years and Above by Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry and Fishing, and Residence

Source: Integrated Labour Force Survey 2008_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: According to Table 8.3.1a, the higher percentage of the employed population employed in agriculture is based in the rural areas. Nevertheless, the proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment is high in the rural areas._____________________________________________________________________________________

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Industry

ResidenceUrban Rural

Formal Sector

Enterprise

Informal Sector

Enterprise

Formal Sector

Enterprise

Informal Sector

EnterpriseAgriculture, Hunting and Forestry

1.5 4.6 3.4 4.9

Fishing 0.1 0 0 0Total Number Employed in all industries

74,316 8,649 45,536 11,584

Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value

Indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate, by sex and ageand persons with disabilities

Indicator definition: The unemployment rate conveys the percentage of persons in the labour force who are unemployed. The unemployment rate is a useful measure of the underutilization of the labour supply. It reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for those persons who want to work but are not doing so, even though they are available for employment and actively seeking work.

Calculation method:Unemployment rate = Unemployed persons / Persons in the labour force *100

Baseline: National Unemployment Rate is 25.3%

Males: 22.1; Female: 27.2

Base year: 2008

Source: Integrated Labour Force Survey 2008 (BOS)

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-35 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-640

5

10

15

20

25

30

11.5

MaleFemaleTotal

%

Source: Lesotho Integrated Labour Force Survey 2008 (BOS)

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Figure 8.5.2 (a): Percentage Distribution of the Unemployed (Economically Active but without work) Population by Age Group and Sex

Figure 8.5.2 (b): Percentage Distribution of the Unemployed (job seeking or job seeking for the first time) Population

10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65+0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0.700000000000001

10

23.9 23.1

15.8

9.8

6.1

3.82.6

1.6 1.1 1.3

Source: Population and Housing Census 2016_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:From Figure 8.5.2 (a) above, it is evident that beyond age group 15-19, unemployment rates decreases with age. The data is however very outdated. The most recent data from the Population census of 2016 shown in figure 8.5.2 (b) reveals that unemployment is still rife among the youth even despite that the term ‘unemployment is measured differently’ between census and labour force survey as highlighted in the parenthesis in the titles. At present, data on persons with disabilities that are unemployed is unavailable._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms

Indicator 8.7.1D: Proportion and number of children aged 6 - 14 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age

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Indicator definition: The number of children engaged in child labour corresponds tothe number of children reported to be in child labour during thereference period (usually the week prior to the survey), The measurement methodology used by the ILO in its global estimates on child labour,buildingonthe ICLS statistical definition, classifies child labour on the basis of the following criteria:

Ages5 to 11: at least 1 hour of economic activityper week;Ages12 to 14: at least 14hour of economic activity per week in all forms of economic activity exceptpermissible “light” work, where light work is operationally defined as economic activity that (i) does not exceed 14 hours per week and that (ii) is not hazardous in nature; andAges15 to 17: work in designated hazardous industries, or in designated hazardous occupations, or for long hours. Long hours are defined as 43 or more hours during the reference week

Calculation method:Calculated as the number of children in child labour divided by the total number of children in the population. For the purposes of this indicator, children include all persons aged 6 to 14.

Children aged 5-17: Number of children aged 5-17 reported in child labour during the week prior to the survey divided by the total number of children aged 5-17 in the population,multiplied by 100.

Children aged 5-14: Number of children aged 5-14 reported in child labourDuringthe week prior to the surveydivided by the totalnumber of children aged -14 in the population, multiplied by 100.

Children aged 15-17: Number of children aged 15-17 reported child labourDuringthe week prior to the survey divided by the total number of children aged 15-17 in the population,multiplied by 100

Baseline values: i) 6-9 years: Females (396), Males (1,604)

ii) 10-14 years; Females (1,092) and Males (8,315)

Figure 8.7.1 shows the percentage distribution of employed children

Base year:2008Figure 8.7.1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children in Lesotho

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6-9 age group 10-14 age group Total0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1.88

7.68

5.1

0.5

0.940000000000001 0.8

MaleFemale

Perc

ent

Source: Lesotho Integrated Labour Force Survey 2008 (BOS)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:Figure 8.7.1 shows that child labour is rife among boy children than their female counterparts. These figures represents around 2000 and 9407 children aged 6-9 and 10-14 years employed respectively._____________________________________________________________________________________

Target 8.9: By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products

Indicator 8.9.1: Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate

Indicator definition: The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP reflects the ‘internal’ spending on Travel & Tourism (total spending within a particular country on Travel & Tourism by residents and non-residents for business and leisure purposes) as well as government 'individual' spending - spending by government on Travel & Tourism services directly linked to visitors, such as cultural (e.g. museums) or recreational (e.g. national parks) - World Travel and Tourism Council

Calculation method:The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is calculated from total internal spending by ‘netting out’ the purchases made by the different tourism sectors. This measure is consistent with the definition of Tourism GDP, specified in the 2008 Tourism Satellite Account - World Travel and Tourism Council

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Baseline value: The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was LSL1, 520.5mn (USD103.4mn), 5.3% of total GDP in 2016

Base year: 2016

Source: World Travel and Tourism Council - Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2017Lesotho

Indicator 8.9.2: Number of jobs in tourism industries as a proportion of total jobs and growth rate of jobs, by sex

Indicator definition: The number of jobs created by the tourism industry expressed a percentage of total jobs

Calculation method: total number of jobs supported by travel and tourism sector divided by total employment multiplied by 100

Baseline Value: In 2016 Travel & Tourism directly supported 34,000 jobs (4.9% of total employment).The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly supported bythe industry was 11.4% of total employment (79,000 jobs)

Base Year: 2016

Source: World Travel and Tourism Council - Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2017Lesotho

Target 8.10:Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all.

8.10.1: (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults per 100,000 adults

Indicator definition:The number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults

Calculation method:Number of commercial bankbranches

Adult Population100000

Baseline Value: 35 commercial bank branches (According to three Lesotho commercial banks websites)

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Adult Population (15 years and above) in 2016 = 1,369,757 (663,508 Males and 706,249 Females) – Lesotho Population and Housing Census 2016

Baseline Value = 35

1369757100000

= 26 branches per 100,000 adults

SDG 9: Build Resilient Infrastructure; Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Foster Innovation

The interrelation between the 2030 global agenda and the Lesotho national processes highlights some notable synergies between the two. In essence, the SDGs presents a re-commitment to a number of developmental issues that Lesotho has identified in the past and present planning phases. For instance, the requirements

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set in SDG Goal 9 are well articulated in the Lesotho Vision 2020 which asserts that a proper economic infrastructure, including roads, telecommunications and electricity networks will be established. In addition to this, the vision 2020 highlights the challenges faced by Lesotho in terms of promoting science and technology research, innovation and development. The conventional planning process of Lesotho is that the challenges highlighted in its vision should be addressed through its development plans, and indeed, this has remained the case.

The role of industrialization has also been highlighted as one of the key developmental goals in Lesotho’s planning documents. This is highlighted through the recognition of supplying relevant infrastructure to industrial areas and provision of affordable factory shells by the Lesotho National Development Cooperation (LNDC). The highly employing industrial sector remains dominated by the textiles and diversification has remained very sluggish over the years.

The Lesotho’s innovative capacity has remained sluggish over the years. Where there are departments established to enhance research and innovation, budget allocations towards enhancement of such departments’ capacity has remained insufficient. On the brighter side, there have been some notable efforts to enhance innovation in recent years, with noteworthy endeavour by the National University of Lesotho. This reflects the pre-SDG era actions that clearly fit into the requirements of this agenda. Enhancement of activities of this nature is likely to play a crucial role in the achievement of SDG 9.

TARGET 9.2: Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries

Indicator 9.2.1: Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita

Indicator definition:Manufacturingvalue added (MVA) as a proportion ofgross domestic product(GDP) is a ratio between MVA and GDP, both reported in constant 2010 USD. The share of MVA in GDP reflects the role of manufacturing in the economy and a country’s national development in general. MVA per capita is the basic indicator of a country’s level of industrialization adjusted for the size of the economy.

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Calculation method:

MVA proportion to GDP = MVA/GDP*100.MVA per capita = MVA/population


Base year: 2016

Source: World Development Indicators Database

Figure 9.2.1 portrays a pre-baseline trend of the manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) for the period 2010-16.

Figure 9.2.1: Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)(2010-16), Lesotho

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20160.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

13.80 13.3112.13 11.84

13.34

16.3217.35

Per c

ent

Source: World Development Indicators Database

Indicator 9.2.2D: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment by sex

Indicator definition:The indicator is represented by the share of manufacturing employment in total employment. For Lesotho, the employees include all those who are aged 10 years and above.

Calculation Method:

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Total Employment in manufacturing Activities

Total Employment in all Economic Activities

Baseline Value: Males: 3.4%, Females: 14.3%

Base Year:2016

Source: Lesotho Population and Housing Census

Table 9.2.2:Percentage Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and over by Sector of Employment and Sex, 2016 PHC

Sector Males Females TotalManufacturing 3.4% 14.3% 43,483Lesotho Population and Housing Census (2016)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: The proportions highlighted above were calculated from a total of 348,346 and 221,521 of males and females respectively representing the total employment in all sectors._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 9.4: By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities

Indicator 9.4.1D:CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 US$ of GDP)

Indicator definition:Carbon dioxide (here after, CO2) emissions per 2010US$ of GDP is an indicator computed as ratio between CO2emissions from fuel combustion and the GDP at 2010 US$ PPP. The indicator can be computed for the whole economy (total CO2emissions/GDP) or for specific sectors, notably the manufacturing sector (CO2emissions from manufacturing industries per manufacturing value added (MVA).CO2 emissions per unit of GDP are expressed in kilograms of CO2 per USD constant 2010 PPP GDP.

CO2emissions from manufacturing industries per unit of MVA are measured in kilograms of CO2 equivalent per unit of GDP in constant 2010 USD.

Calculation method:

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= CO2 emission from (in kg)

GDP (constant USD)

Baseline:0.87

Base Year: 2014

Source:World Development Indicators

Figure 9.4.1: CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 US$ of GDP)

2010 2011 2012 2013 20140.82

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

0.95

0.91

0.890.88

0.87

CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 US$ of GDP)

Source: World Development Indicators

___________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: While Lesotho is comparably one of the least CO2 emitters, Figure 9.4.1 shows that the levels of CO2 emissions per out has been declining steadily since 2010. At present, Lesotho is still unable to produce its own statistics on the levels of CO2 emissions. ___________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending

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Indicator 9.5.1: Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP

Indicator definition:The indicator is a direct measure of Research and development (R&D) spending referred to in the target.

Calculation method:The amount of R&D expenditure divided by the total output of the economy.

Baseline:0.05284

Base year: 2015

Source:World Development Indicators Database

Figure 9.5.1 shows a pre-baseline trend of the country’s expenditure on research and development (as a percent of the GDP).

Figure 9.4.2: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) for the period 2009-15

2009 2011 20150

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.0270900000000001

0.0115800000000001

0.05284

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Source: World Development Indicators____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment: Lesotho’s expenditure as a proportion of GDP has remained very low and close to zero over the years despite a sharp improvement between 2011 and 2015. The country still relies on international sources of statistical data as it has not yet produced its own data._____________________________________________________________________________________

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TARGET 9.c: Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide network, universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020

Indicator 9.c.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate (Mobile Teledensity)

Indicator definition:A measurement of access to telecommunications which is the number of telephone connections for every hundred individuals living within an area.

Calculation method:Calculated by dividing the number of subscribers to a particular service by the population and multiplying by 100.

Figure 9.c.1: Mobile Cellular Penetration Rate

2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/170

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

93

122114

119

Teledensity

Source: LCA Annual Report, 2017

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The Mobile cellular penetration rate has remained above 100% since 2015/15. This is normally associated with ownership of more than one mobile phone by some users.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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SDG 10: Reduce Inequality within and among Countries

Lesotho is still faced with the problem of inequality in all its spectrum social and economic, however it has got a running programme named Lesotho vision 2020 which covers inequality with regard to gender, where the key challenge is to uproot discrimination as a way of life and appoint more women into areas of responsibility in both the public and private sectors without neglecting boys and men.

Education is central to national development. Presently Lesotho’s adult literacy rate (82%, 2002) is higher than in most African countries. The country is committed to provision of an equitable basic education to all Basotho as a key development goal. Key challenges include: further improving access to education at all levels, and developing a curriculum that responds to the national development priorities, thus promoting entrepreneurial life, and technical and vocational skills.

Lesotho is the member and subscriber of the sub-regional, regional and international organization which gives her equal voting opportunity to other country members in decision within such organizations.

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TARGET10.b: Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, Small Island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes

Indicator 10.b.1: Total resource flows for development (US $ Millions)

Indicator definition:Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow comprises of Official Development Assistance (ODA), other official flows (OOF) and private flowsCalculation method:The sum of official and private flows from all donors to thecountry

Baseline: $113.16Million

Base Year: 2014

Figure 10.b.1: Total resource flows for development (US $ Millions)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-100.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

240.21

283.19 292.32

334.09

113.16

US

$ M

illio

ns

Source:AFDB Socio Economic Database

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Comment: Even though the total resource flows for development has been growing on average over the years since 2010, it experienced a sharp decline in 2014._____________________________________________________________________________________

SDG 11: Make Cities and Human Settlements Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable

The target for 2030 is to ensure access to safe and affordable housing. The indicator named to measure progress toward this target is the proportion of urban population living in slums or informal settlements. According to the report of the UN Secretary-General, between 2000 and 2014, the proportion fell from 39% to 30%. However, the absolute number of people living in slums went from 792 million in 2000 to an estimated 880 million in 2014 globally. Movement from rural to urban areas has accelerated as the population has grown and there is a need to search for better employment in the cities.

According to the Lesotho Bureau of Statistics, the estimated population of Lesotho in 2016 is 2, 204, 239 of whom 510,000 (27 per cent) are in urban areas. Lesotho has one of the lowest levels of urbanization in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region with GDP growth rate of 2.4%.

There are 10 settlements that are designated as urban in Lesotho, which are 10 towns (Mokhotlong, Butha-Buthe, Hlotse, Teyateyaneng, Maseru, Mafeteng, Mohale’sHoek, Moyeni and Qacha’s Nek), the country does not have cities. There has been a movement of Basotho people from the rural areas to the urban areas of Lesotho due to for example Employment; Better healthcare and education etc. This has caused urban growth in Lesotho that is, towns were expanded covering a greater area of land as well as an increased proportion of Basotho people living in towns.

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Consequently, increases in the urban population and commercial activity in the lowlands have led to growing demand on various resources and utilities. Also, urban migrants usually resort to building or renting inferior housing. This results in unplanned settlements which have sprawled out into agricultural land and service servitudes. The formal real estate market is poorly developed and land pricing is unregulated. Hence, there is increasing informal settlements that are driven by households’ efforts to secure affordable land at reasonable locations.

Target 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

Indicator 11.1.1D: Proportion of households living in informal housing structures by residence

Indicator definition:The proportion of households living in informal housing structures. The Bureau of Statistics defines these as housing structure commonly built of old and disused roofing materials. They don't normally have defined space and are characterized by inhabitable living conditions. In addition, a park-home is characterized by a very tight and limited room space.

Calculation method:Total Number of h/h living in informal housing structures in a particular residential area divided by the total number of households in that area

Baseline value: Urban = 3%, Peri-Urban = 2.77%, Rural = 1.95%, Total = 2.43%

Base Year: 2016

Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Census, BOS (2016)

Table 11.1.1: Proportion of households living in informal housing structures by residence

ResidenceInformal Housing Structure (%)

Total Households (%)

Proportion of households living in informal housing structures by residence

Urban 49.9 40.4 3%Peri-Urban 9.2 8.1 2.77%

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Rural 40.9 51.1 1.95%Total 13,083 537,457 2.43%Source: Lesotho Housing and Population Census, BOS (2016)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comments:Results shown in Table 11.1.1 above highlights that the proportion of households living in urban areas is 3% and the highest compared to the proportion living in peri-urban and rural areas_____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

Indicator 11.6.2:Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)

Indicator definition:The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameters (PM2.5) is a common measure of air pollution. The mean is a population -weighted average for urban population in a country, and is expressed in micrograms per cubic meter [g/m3].

Calculation method:The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles estimated with improved modelling using data integration from satellite remote sensing, population estimates, topography and ground measurements (WHO, 2016 a ; Shaddick et al, 2016)

Baseline value: 27

Base year: 2016

Source: World Bank Data portal

Figure 11.6.2 shows an addition data point; 26 years prior the base year (2016)Figure 11.6.2: Annual Mean Levels of Fine Particulate Matter (1990-2016), Lesotho,

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Source: World Bank Data portal: Brauer, M. et al. 2016, for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The annual mean levels of fine particulate matter have only increased by 2 basis points 26 years between 1990 and 2016. Though this increase is seemingly low, particularly given the time period it occurred within, it still highlights a challenge of worsened air pollution which could possibly be detrimental for future generations if it remains unaddressed. Currently, Lesotho does not currently collect data on this indicator._____________________________________________________________________________________

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1990 201624

24.5

25

25.5

26

26.5

27

27.5

25

27

Year

micr

ogra

ms p

er cu

bic m

eter

SDG 12: Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns

Vision 2020 state that Lesotho shall be known for the good economic policy that will render the country prosperous for many centuries to come. Its vibrant economy with a strong industrial base will fully exploit the potential for locally available natural resources. The fruit from utilising the natural assets such as water, sandstone and other minerals will be enjoyed by all the citizens. In doing so the country aspires to have a well-managed environment as it has signed and ratified several Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAS) as SDG goal 12encourages more sustainable consumption and production patterns through various measures, including specific policies and international agreements on the management of materials that are toxic to the environment for sustainable growth and development.

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However, the country is faced with the challenges of implementing the ratified conventions and treaties for sustainable development, strengthening institutions responsible for natural resources management, development and effective implementation of land management systems. A further challenge is to strengthen environmental management, advocacy and awareness among Basotho.

TARGET 12.4: By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment

Indicator 12.4.1D: Percentage of international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that Lesotho is party to

Indicator definition:Percentage of the following list of agreements that Lesotho is party to.

Calculation method:Number of multilateral environmental agreements that Lesotho is either a party or committed/number of conventions

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.

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Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Montreal Protocol Minamata Convention on Mercury

Baseline value:100%

Baseline Year: 2015

SDG 13: Take Action to Combat Climate Change

Global climate change is possibly the greatest environmental challenge facing the world this century. It is often called ‘Global Warming’ particularly because the impacts manifest themselves in serious disruptions to the world’s weather and

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climate patterns leading to rising sea levels, increased frequency of extreme weather events such as flooding, droughts etc rather than just moderate temperature increases. There is a growing consensus that without urgent actions to reduce vulnerability from these negative impacts of climate change by, amongst others, building resilience and providing access to basic services, these negative impacts could lead to an upsurge in poverty levels worldwide particularly in the developing world as it faces greater challenges than the developed world, both in terms of the impacts of climate change and the capacity to respond to it.

Like the rest of the world, Lesotho has in recent years been experiencing an increasing frequency of natural disasters and extreme weather events such as increasingly erratic rainfall associated with droughts, floods, windstorms and hazardous farming conditions that have resulted in steady declines in agricultural output and in increased food insecurity for both humans and animals. Other negative impacts of climate change in the country include loss of biodiversity; extreme forms of soil erosion that are induced by frequent torrential rains; accelerated land and environmental degradation; and increased depletion of the country’s natural resource base. Lesotho has already undertaken numerous efforts to address the problem. This is exemplified by among others; the Country’s National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) whose goal is to Reverse Environmental degradation and adapt to Climate Change and the drafting of National Climate Change Policy which is still in draft form.

The development of the ‘green’ economy remains central to environmental and resource protection, which is at the core of long-term economic growth and the success of both the agriculture and tourism sectors, not to mention the goal of poverty eradication. Government’s plan is to increase the production capacity of clean energy for local consumption and export, and to promote sustainable and labour-intensive land management programmes.

TARGET 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

Indicator 13.1.1D:Existence of national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

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Indicator definition: National disaster risk reduction strategies and plans, across different timescales with targets, indicators and time frames, aimed at preventing the creation of risk, the reduction of existing risk and the strengthening of economic, social, health and environmental resilience.

Baseline:Lesotho has a National Risk Reduction Policy and a Climate Change Policy. It has also developed a National Strategic Resilience framework. It has also communicated and party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It has also ratified the Paris Agreement.

Base Year: 2017

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SDG 15: Protect, Restore and Promote Sustainable Use of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sustainably Manage Forests, Combat Desertification, and Halt and Reverse Land Degradation and Halt Biodiversity Loss

Land degradation is the deterioration in the quality of land caused usually by excessive or inappropriate human exploitation or by climate change. The main causes of environmental degradation includes crop farming on steep and marginal slopes, overgrazing of the rangelands, overharvesting of vegetation, unregulated expansion of human settlements, inadequate planning and poor implementation of plans, inadequate infrastructure and systems to prevent environmental pollution. The most affected areas are the highlands and Senqu Valley.

Lesotho has rich biodiversity including the Maloti-Drakensburg Park that forms 70 percent of the globally recognized hotspot for climate balance. A significant number of Basotho depend on natural plants and animal as sources of food. These natural sources of food should be protected to ensure sustainable use and equitable benefits across. Depletion is identified as one of the major threats undermining the resilience and sustainability of these naturally abundant resources with the probability of propelling them to extinction. Factors threatening biological diversity include habitat loss and destruction, introduction of alien (exotic or non-native) species, human-generated pollution and contamination, population growth, exploitation due to over-hunting, over-fishing or over-collecting, and global climate change. In Lesotho, specific threats are overgrazing, unsustainable harvesting (particularly of medicinal plants), uncontrolled fires, urban and agricultural encroachment, invasive alien species and pollution.

Formulated in 1988, the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) established the framework for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of natural resources. This was followed by a National Environment Policy in 1998, which laid the legal foundation for the Environment Act of 2008. The Act provides for the protection and management of the land base against the negative impacts of infrastructure development, including roads and other infrastructure that cause excessive land disturbance and soil erosion. The Act also introduced Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), audits and project monitoring.

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Other important legislation includes the Forestry Policy (1997) and Forestry Act (1998). The latter makes provision for land to be made available for forestry activities, including fuel wood production, as a means of preserving indigenous shrubs and trees that protect land from soil erosion. The Act also provides for the protection and preservation of forests.

TARGET 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

Indicator 15.1.1: Forest area as a proportion of total land area.

Indicator definition:All land bearing a vegetative association dominated by trees of any size, exploitable or not; include all alpine, medium altitude forests, wetland and riparian forests, plantations and trees, whether on land held in trust by government (gazetted Forest Reserves, National Parks and Wildlife Reserves) or non-gazetted land (leasehold, freehold or customary lands).

Calculation method:Forest area (reference year) / Land area (2015) * 100

Baseline: 1.63%

Base year: 2015

Source: AO, Global Forest Resource Assessment, 2005, 2010 and 2015

Figure 15.1.1 shows a pre-baseline trend of forest area as a proportion of the total land area of Lesotho.

Figure15.1.1.Forest areas as a proportion of total land area

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2005 2010 20151.25

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.4

1.44

1.63

Forest areas

Source: FAO, Global Forest Resource Assessment, 2005, 2010 and 2015_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:There has been a steady improvement in proportion of forest area since 2005 as reflected by Figure 15.1.1. Lesotho still however depends on international sources of data to capture the performance of this indicator._____________________________________________________________________________________

Indicator 15.1.2:Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type

Indicator definition:Shows temporal trends in the mean percentage of each important site for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity (i.e., those that contribute significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by designated protected areas

Calculation method:Area measurement of protected sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversityBase year: 2015

Baseline: See Table 15.1.2 (i) and (ii) below

Table 15.1.2i: Proportion of Important Sites for Terrestrial Biodiversity that are Covered by Protected Areas

Liphofung Nationa

Bokong Nature Reserv

‘Muela Nature Reserv

National Univers

Ts`ehlanyane Nationa

Sehlabathebe Nationa

Masitise

nature

Total Area of Terrestr

109

l Monument and Reserve

e e ity of Lesotho (botanical garden)

l Park l Park reserve ial Biodive

rsity

Area (Ha) 4 1972 45 1.5 5, 300 6, 475 20 13,

817.5Proportion (%) 0.03% 14.27% 0.33% 0.01% 38.36% 46.86% 0.14% 100%

Source: BOS, 2014 Biodiversity and Land Use Statistical Report No.15: 2015

Table 15.1.2ii: Proportion of Important Sites for Freshwater Biodiversity that are Protected

LiphofungCave,Cultural and Heritage Site

Bokong Nature Reserve

Ts`ehlanyane National Park

Sehlabathebe National Park

Let`sa-La-Letsie

Total Area of Freshwater Biodiversity

Area (Ha) 0 190.63 - - 828 1018.63Propotion

of Freshwate

r Biodiversit

y (%)

0 18.71 - -81.2

9 100.00

Source:Let`sa-La-Letsie Integrated Catchment Management Plan;State of the Katse dam catchment 2014 Volume II Specialist studies on Land Cover, Flora and Wetlands

TARGET 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

Indicator15.2.1D:Planted Forest Area

Indicator definition: Forest predominately composed of tress established through planting and or deliberate seeding.

Baseline: 17 000 ha

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Base year: 2015

Source: Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015

Figure 15.2.1: Planted Forest Area in Lesotho during the period 2005-15

2005 2010 20150

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

910

17

Plannted Forests (1000ha)

Source: Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015

Target 15.3: By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

Indicator 15.3.1: Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

Indicator definition:The degraded land is temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land.

Calculation method: Degraded land/Lesotho total land area* 100

Baseline value:24.1 %

Source: Lesotho Land Cover 2016

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Target 15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

Indicator 15.5.1D:Number of Local Species in Red List Categories

Indicator definition:The Red List Index (RLI) is a multi-purpose indicator which measures the aggregate change in extinction risk across groups of species.

Calculation method: The International Union For Conservation of Nature(IUCN) RLI is calculated at a point in time by first multiplying the number of species in each Red List Category by a weight (ranging from 1 for ‘Near Threatened’ to 5 for ‘Extinct’ and ‘Extinct in the Wild’) and summing these values. This is then divided by a maximum threat score which is the total number of species multiplied by the weight assigned to the ‘Extinct’ category. This final value is subtracted from 1 to give the IUCN RLI value

Baseline:Lesotho Meadow Katydid is the only animal species listed in the IUCN Red List Index as endangered.

Base Year: 2014

Source:International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Target 15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species

Indicator 15.8.1D: Existence of relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

Indicator definition: Invasive alien species legislation for control and prevention at national and international levels

Baseline:Relevant legislation does not exist

Base Year: 2018

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SDG 16: Promote Peaceful and Inclusive Societies for Sustainable Development, Provide Access to Justice for All and Build Effective,

Accountable and Inclusive Institutions At All Levels

Political instability is pronounced as a major challenge facing Lesotho and hindering economic stability and growth. Institutions are weak resulting in high prevailing

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corruption and misuse of funds which in turn bear ineffective public services delivery. Addressing governance issues through this goal is aligning to the previous NSDP goal of promoting peace, democratic governance and effective institution as well as taking forward the vision 2020’s pillar which states that by the year 2020 Lesotho shall be a stable democracy where principles of good governance will be anchored on the respected for human rights, the rule of law, political openness, political participation and tolerance.

Successful implementation of the goal needs parliamentary, public service and judiciary reforms that will cohesively set platform that will ensure justices for all, freedom in all its forms, reduction of violence and efficient public service.

TARGET16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

Indicator 16.1.1D: Number of murder cases reported per 100,000 population

Indicator Definition: The total number of murder cases reported to the police divided by the total population, expressed per 100,000 population.

Calculation Method:Number of Murder Cases Reported∈aGivenYearPopulation∈the same year∗100,000

Baseline Value: 47 cases per 100,000 population

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Base Year: 2015

Figure 16.1.1: Number of Murder Cases per 100,000 Population

2012 2013 20150

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

34 34

47Pe

r 100

,000

pop

ulati

on

Source: BOS Crime Statistics Report and National and Sub-National Population Projections (2010)

Indicator 16.1.4D:Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live

Indicator definition: Percent of persons ages 18 and older who report feeling safe walking near their homeCalculation Method: The question used in public attitude surveys (Afrobarometer in the case of Lesotho) is: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your neighbourhood? Answer: Never, Just once or twice, several times, many times, always, don’t know.

The proportion of population that feels safe is calculated by summing up the number of respondents who never felt unsafe over the past year and dividing the total by the total number of respondents multiplied b 100.

Baseline Value: 65% Total (see Figure 16.1.4 for further disaggregation)

Baseline Year: 2017

Source: Afrobarometer Round 7 Survey in Lesotho 2017

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Figure 16.1.4: Proportion of population that feels safe walking alone around the area they live

Urban

Rural

Male

Female

Total

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

20172014

Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 and 7 Survey in Lesotho, 2014 and 2017

___________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:The proportion of population that fees safe walking alone in the neighborhood has declined between 2014 and 2017 except for the population living in urban areas where the proportion has of those who feel safe has increased between 2014 and 2017.___________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children

Indicator 16.2.2D: Number of human trafficking cases reported per 100,000 population

Indicator definition: The ratio between the total number of human trafficking cases reported to the police expressed per 100,000 populations.

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Calculation method:Number of HumanTraffickingCases Reported∈aGivenYearPopulation∈the same year∗100,000T

Baseline Value:0.88 ≈ 1human trafficking case reported per 100,000 peoplein 2015

Base Year: 2015

Source: BOS Crime Statistics Report

Table 16.2.2: Number of Human Trafficking Cases Reported per 100,000 Population

2012 2013 20150

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.21

0.73

0.88

Number of human trafficking cases reported per 100,000 population

Per 1

00,0

00 p

opul

ation

Source: BOS Crime Statistics Reportand National and Sub-National Population Projections (2010)

Indicator 16.2.3D: Number of Sexual Offence Cases Reported per 100,000population

Indicator definition: The ratio between the total number of sexual offences cases reported to the police expressed per 100,000 populations.

Baseline Value:86 cases per 100,000 people

Base Year: 2015

Figure 16.2.3 shows a pre-baseline trend of reported sexual offences in Lesotho.117

Figure 16.2.3: Number of Sexual Offence Cases per 100,000 Population (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015)

2010 2011 2012 201578

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

92.40

87.20

82.99

85.53 Number of Sexual Offence Cases Reported per 100,000 population

Per 1

00,0

00 P

opul

ation

Source: BOS Crime Statistics Reports (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015)andNational And Sub-National Population Projections (2010)

____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:Figure 16.2.3 above highlights an increase in number of sexual offences cases reported between 2012 and 2015. It should be noted that there was no data between 2012 and 2015._____________________________________________________________________________________

TARGET 16.3: Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all

Indicator 16.3.2: Un-sentenced detainees as a proportion of overall in-mates population

Indicator definition: Inmates and detainees awaiting trial, in remand (murder and ordinary), safe custody in relation to the total population of inmates

Calculation method:Total number of inmates awaiting trial, remanded (murder and ordinary) and safe custody divided by the total population of inmates, multiplied by 100

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Base year: 2015Source: Correctional Services Statistics Report

Figure 1.3.2 portrays a pre-baseline trend of persons awaiting trails in detention.

Figure 16.3.2: Un-sentenced detainees as a proportion of overall in-mates population(2012 – 15)

2012 2013 20150

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

24.5

36.438.8

Persons awaiting trials in de-tention

Source: Correctional Services Statistics Report

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Comment:While data for 2014 is unavailable, the results highlighted in Figure 16.3.2 whose title is technically similar to Indicator 16.3.2 shows that the unsentenced populations held in detention has been increasing in Lesotho’s correctional facilities since 2012._____________________________________________________________________________________

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TARGET 16.5: Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms

Indicator 16.5.1: Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

Indicator definition: Percent of persons aged 18 and older who has had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the document (e.g. birth certificate, driver’s license, passport or voter’s card, or a permit)needed.Calculation Method: The question used in public attitude surveys (Afrobarometer in the case of Lesotho) is:In the past 12 months have you tried to get an identity document like a birth certificate, driver’s license, passport or voter’s card, or a permit, from government? And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the document you needed? Answer: Never, Just once or twice, a few times, no contact.

The proportion is calculated by summing up the number of respondents who paid a bribe once or twice, or few times over the past year and dividing the total by the total number of respondents.

Baseline Value:1%

Base Year: 2014

Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Survey in Lesotho

Table 16.5.1: Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

Urban Rural Male Female TotalNever 47 35 38 39 39Once or Twice 1 1 2 1 1A few Times - 0 0 - 0No Contact 52 63 60 60 60Missing 1 0 0 0 0Source: Afrobarometer Round 6 Survey in Lesotho, 2014

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TARGET 16.9: By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration

Indicator 16.9.1: Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age

Indicator Definition: Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority.

Calculation Method: Number of children under age of five whose births are reported as being registered with the relevant national civil authorities divided by the total number of children under the age of five in the population multiplied by 100

Baseline Value: < age 2 = 39.3; Age 2-4 = 45.7; Males = 42.4; Females = 44.3

Base Year: 2014

Source: 2014

Figure 16.9.1: Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age

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<2 2-4 Males Females0

10

20

30

40

50

60

39.3

45.742.4

44.3

20092014

Prop

rtion

of C

hild

ren

unde

r age

5 w

hose

birt

hs

has b

een

regis

tere

d

Source: LDHS 2009 and 2014

SDG 17: Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

Despite some positive developments, a stronger commitment to partnership and cooperation is needed in Lesotho to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. That effort will require coherent policies, an enabling environment for sustainable development at all levels and by all actors and a reinvigorated Global for Sustainable Development. Successful implementation of the Sustainable Development Goal 17 depends on a comprehensive funding framework that goes beyond official development assistance commitments to public and private funding.

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The political sphere will also be expected to make a greater contribution to achieving the goal.

Goal 17 calls on developed countries to renew their commitment to allocate 0.7% of their gross national income to official development assistant for countries like Lesotho. It aims for a greater mobilization of domestic resources to reduce dependence on foreign support, as well as enhanced international collaboration in science, technology and innovation, and the promotion of an equitable multilateral trading system. It also advocates enhancing macroeconomic stability and policy coherence in the interests of sustainable development.

This goal’s focus is on improvement of the following:

Finance Information and communications technology Capacity building Trade Data, monitoring and accountability

TARGET 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection

Indicator 17.1.1: Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source

Indicator Definition:Total taxes as percentage of GDP

Calculation Method: Total tax revenues as a proportion GDP

Baseline Value: 24.9

Base Year: 2015/16

Source: Budget Speech 2017/18

Table 17.1.1: Total tax revenue as proportion of GDP, by Source

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Tax RevenueFY 2014/15 FY 2015/16

23.2 24.9

Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains 12.3 13.8

Income tax - payable by individuals 6.6 6.4Income tax - payable by corporations and other enterprises 3.5 4.2

Income tax - unallowable 2.1 3.1Taxes on property 0.6 0.0Taxes on goods and services 9.4 10.2Value-added tax 8.5 8.4Excise taxes 0.8 1.7Taxes on specific services 0.0 0.0Taxes on the use of goods and on permission to use or perform activities

0.0 0.1

Taxes on international trade and transactions 1.0 0.9

Other taxes 0.0 0.0Source: Budget Speech to Parliament for the 2017/2018 Fiscal

_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:Table 17.1.1 above shows that the taxes on income, profits and capital gains took the largest share of GDP followed by taxes on goods and services between fiscal years 2014/15 and 2015/16

_____________________________________________________________________________________Indicator 17.1.2: Proportion of domestic budget financed by domestic taxes

Indicator Definition:Proportion of domestic budgetary central government expenditure funded by taxes.

Calculation Method: Total tax revenue (excluding SACU) collected by government in a given year, expressed as a proportion of domestic budget

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Baseline Value: 43.0

Base Year: 2015/16

Source: Budget Speech 2017/18

Table 17.1.2: Proportion of domestic budget financed by domestic taxes

Tax Revenue FY 2014/15 FY 2015/1639.7 43.0

Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains 21.0 23.8

Income tax - payable by individuals 11.3 11.1Income tax - payable by corporations and other enterprises 3.5 4.2

Income tax - unallowable 6.0 7.3Taxes on property 1.0 0.0Taxes on goods and services 16.1 17.5Value-added tax 14.5 14.4Excise taxes 1.4 2.9Taxes on specific services 0.1 0.1Taxes on the use of goods and on permission to use or perform activities

0.1 0.1

Taxes on international trade and transactions 0.1 0.1

Other taxes 0.0 0.0Source: Budget Speech to Parliament for the 2017/2018 Fiscal

_____________________________________________________________________________________Comment:It should be noted that while SACU revenues are sourced from taxes, they are not captured in table 17.1.2 since they do not necessarily reflect Lesotho’s ability to finance its budgets from domestic sources. It should however be noted that SACU revenues accounted for 48.2% and 41.8% of the budget during 2014/15 and 2015/16 fiscal years respectively.____________________________________________________________________________________

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TARGET 17.4: Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress

Indicator 17.4.1: External Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services

Indicator Definition: The percentage of debt services (principle and interest payments) to the exports of goods and services. Debt services covered in this indicator refer only to public and publicly guaranteed debt.

Computation Method: TotalValue of External Debt (Maloti)TotalValue of Exports of Goods∧Services(Maloti)


Base Year: 2016/17 Fiscal Year

Source of Data: Ministry of Finance 2016/17 Annual Public Debt Bulletin

Figure 17.4.1: External Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services

2015/16 2016/173.80%

4.00%

4.20%

4.40%

4.60%

4.80%

5.00%

5.20%

5.10%

4.30%

Source: Ministry of Finance 2016/17 Annual Public Debt Bulletin

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TARGET 17.6: Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge-sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism

Indicator 17.6.2D: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions

Indicator definition:Fixed subscriptions to high-speed access public internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 256 kilobits per second (Kbps). This includes DSL, fibre-to-the-home/ building, fixed WiMAX and any other fixed wired-broadband subscriptions and other fixed wireless technologies. It includes both residential subscriptions and subscriptions for business/organizations. This will include cable modem, satellite broadband and terrestrial fixed wireless broadband, where available. This total is measured irrespective of the method of payment. It excludes subscriptions that have access to data communications(including the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks. – Lesotho Communications Authority

Calculation method: See Definition above

Baseline value: 5,636

Baseline Year: 2016/17

Figure 17.6.2 shows a pre-baseline trend for fixed broadband subscriptions in Lesotho

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Figure 17.6.2: Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (2013-17) - Lesotho

2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/170

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

473

22542062

5636

Fixed Broadband Subscriptions

Source: Lesotho Communications Authority Annual report 2016/17

TARGET 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts

Indicator 17.18.2: Existence of a national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

Indicator definition:This refers to the to a country that has a statistical legislation which respects the principles of UNFOP

Calculation method: A YES or a NO response to a question that establishes whether or not a national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics exists.

Baseline: Exists a 2001 National Statistical Act that complies with the fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

Source: National Statistical Act, 2001

Indicator 17.18.3: Existence of a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding

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Indicator Definition:Existence of national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation is based on the annual Status Report on National Strategies for the Development of Statistics (NSDS).

Calculation method:A YES or a NO response to a question that establishes whether there exists a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation.

Baseline: Exists an underfunded NSDS plan (Salaries are paid for by the government but costs of statistical activities are met by the government and development partners on adhoc basis)

TARGET 17.19: By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries

Indicator 17.19.2D: Number of population and housing censuses in the last 10 years;

Indicator Definition: Number of population censuses that Lesotho has carried out in the past 10 years. Under normal circumstances, it is expected that censuses be held after every ten years.

Calculation method:A YES or a NO response to a question that establishes whether there was a census in the past ten years.

Baseline: Lesotho carried its last census in 2016 and the census reports are available.

Source: Bureau of Statistics

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Annex I: SDG Indicator Framework

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator TypeSDG 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere

Target 1.1:By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day1.1.1: Proportion of population below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)

59.6% at international poverty line $1.90 a day(2010)

SDG

TARGET 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions1.2.1: Proportion of population living below the national poverty line

57.1%(2010)

SDG

1.2.2: Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions

45.9%(2009)

SDG

TARGET1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable1.3.1 D: Population covered by social protection systems, distinguished by main social protection schemes

Old Age Pension = 85,087 people Child Grants Programme = 24,500 h/h OVC Bursary Scheme = 13,172 people Public Assistance = 11,800 people School Feeding = 389,000 people Integrated and Water Shed Management = 115,000

(2015)

Domesticated

TARGET1.4: By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance1.4.2: Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure by Settlement Type and Type of Land

UrbanLeasehold = 36.7%Title Deed = 2.9%Form C = 19.2%

SDG

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Typetenure Peri-Urban

Leasehold = 8%Title Deed = 3%Form C = 52.5%

RuralLeasehold = 2%

Title Deed = 4.2%Form C =55.9%

Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other

1.5.3D: Existence of national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

There exists a National Disaster Reduction Strategy(2017) SDG

SDG 2: End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improve Nutrition and Promote Sustainable AgricultureTARGET 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment 52.1% SDG

2.1.1 A: Food Consumption Score

Acceptable = 53.3% Borderline = 34.4%

Poor = 12.3%(2017)

Additional

2.1.2: Proportion of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)

Moderately Food Insecure = 34.4% Severely Food Insecure = 12.3%

(2017)SDG

TARGET 2.2: By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons

2.2.1: Prevalence of stunting 33%(2014) SDG

2.2.2: Prevalence of malnutritionOverweight = 7%

Wasting = 3%(2014)

SDG

Target 2.a: Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and

1

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Typeextension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries2.a.1: The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures

0.742(2014/15) SDG

SGD 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being for All at All AgesTARGET 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births

3.1.1Maternal Mortality Ratio 1,024 per 100,000 live births(2014) SDG

3.1.2: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

78%(2014) SDG

TARGET 3.2: By 2030, end preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births

3.2.1: Under-five mortality rate 85 deaths per 1000 live births(2014) SDG

3.2.2: Neonatal mortality rate 34deaths per 1000 live births(2014) SDG

TARGET 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases3.3.3a:Number of new HIV infections per 100 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations

1.9% among population aged 14 – 491.7% among women aged

14 -492.1% among men aged 14 -49

(2014)

SDG

3.3.3A: HIV Prevalence Overall = 25%Women = 30%

Men = 19%(2014)

Additional

3.3.4: Tuberculosis incidence per 100 000 population

852 per 100,000 people(2014) SDG

Target 3.7: By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmesIndicator 3.7.1: Proportion of women of Age Group Marital Status SDG

2

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Type

reproductive age (age 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods

Married Unmarried15 -19 55 71.520 – 24 72.4 77.025 – 29 78.8 80.730 – 34 80.1 81.635 – 39 91.3 82.840 – 44 74.8 77.545 - 50 73.1 76.1

(2014)

3.7.2: Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group

94 Live Births per 1000 Females Aged 15 – 19(2014) SDG

TARGET 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

3.9.2D: Case Fatality Rate in Diarrhea & Gastroenteritis by Age and Sex, Lesotho

Age Group Case Fatality Rate by Sex

Domesticated

Male Female0 – 5 16% 10%6 – 12 30% 29%13 years and older 6% 6%

(2014)TARGET 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate

3.a.1: Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older

Age Group Prevalence of current tobacco use by sex

SDG

Males Females15 -19 18.6% 0.3%20 – 24 55.2% 2.1%25 – 29 46.9% 5.0%30 – 34 49.7% 8.9%35 – 39 48.7% 11.4%40 – 44 52.6% 23.5%45 - 49 52.1% 25.2%

3

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Type(2014)

TARGET 3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all3.b.1D: Proportion of the population with access to medicines or medical treatment

58%(2017) Domesticated

3.b.1A: Immunization Coverage by TypeTARGET 3.d: Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risksIndicator 3.d.1: International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness

62(2017) SDG

SDG 4: Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Life-Long Learning Opportunities for AllTARGET 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

4.1.1D: Grade 6th SACMEQ Reading and Mathematics Achievement Scores

SACMEQ III Reading Score = 463.5SACMEQ III Maths Score = 447.2

(2007)Domesticated

TARGET4.2: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

4.2.2D: Net Enrolment Rate at ECCD, by sexMales = 28.83

Females = 30.15Both Sexes = 29.49

Domesticated

4.3.1D: Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) at Higher Education Institutes (HEI) by sex

Males = 9.1Females = 12.9

Both Sexes =11.0(2013/14)

Domesticated

TARGET 4.5: By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situationsIndicator 4.5.1: Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and

Primary GPI = 0.97 (NIR), 0.88 (AIR) Secondary GPI = 1.6 (NIR), 1.4 (AIR) Domesticated

4

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Type

conflict affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated

GPI in Urban = 0.97(2014) GPI in Rural = 1.05 (2014) GPI among the Lowest Wealth Quintile = 1.11 (2014) GPI among the Second Wealth Quintile =1.05 (2014) GPI among the Middle Wealth Quintile = 1.03 (2014) GPI among the Fourth Wealth Quintile = 0.98 (2014) GPI among the Highest Wealth Quintile = 0.97 (2014)

4.5.1A: Proportion of persons with disability aged five years and above by educational attainment.

Educational Attainment Total

Additional

Pre-School 1.5Primary 58Secondary 15.8Dip/Cert after Primary 0.2Dip/Cert after Secondary 2.1Vocational 0.3Graduate 1.2Non Formal 2.3No Attainment 1.4Never Attended 17.4Other 0.1

TARGET 4.6: By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy

4.6.1D: Percentage of population in a given age group that is literate (Literacy Rate) by sex

Males aged 15 -24= 90.6%Females aged 15 -24 = 98.6%Males aged 15 - 49 = 85%Females aged 15 - 49 = 85%

Domesticated

TARGET 4.c: By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States4.c.1D: Proportion of Qualified School Teachers by primary and secondary level

Primary = 83%Secondary = 94%

SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and GirlsTarget 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place Lesotho has multiple laws and policies that promote, enforce SDG

5

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Typeto promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex

and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex.

TARGET 5.2. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age5.2.2: Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age

Age Groups Age Specific Violence Proportions

SDG

15-19 0.0320-24 0.0225-29 0.0130-34 0.0135-39 0.0240-44 0.0045-49 0.0050-54 0.0155-59 0.0160-64 0.0165-69 0.0170-74 0.0275-79 0.0180+ 0.02

TARGET 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation5.3.1: Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18

35.4% SDG

TARGET 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life

5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments

Upper House = 23%Lower House = 26%

(2018)SDG

TARGET 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

6

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Type5.6.1: Women making their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care (% of women age 15-49)

60.9%(2014) SDG

TARGET 5.a: Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws5.a.2: Existence of a legal framework (including customary law) that guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

There exist a number of legal frameworks that ensures equality in its different aspects including women´s equal rights to land ownership and/or control. These include the Land Act 2010and the Customary Law

(2018)

SDG

TARGET 5.b: Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women framework (including customary law) to guarantee women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control5.b.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate (Mobile Teledensity)

119(2016/17) Domesticated

Target 5.c: Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls at all levels5.c.1 D: Existence of systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment

There exist inadequate systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment. However, seats are reserved for women in Parliament and local government levels even though the financial component is lacking

(2017)

Domesticated

SDG 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for AllTARGET 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

Urban = 79%Rural = 77%

(2014)SDG

TARGET 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

7

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Type6.2.1D: The proportion of households with improved toilet facilities

Urban = 49.0%Rural = 51.6%

(2014)Domesticated

Target 6.4: By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity6.4.2: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

2.3(2014) SDG

SDG 7: Ensure Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy for AllTARGET 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services7.1.1: Proportion of households with access to electricity by residence

Urban = 61.5%Rural = 11.8%Total = 27.8%

SDG

7.1.2D: Proportion of households with primary reliance on clean fuels (LPG and Electricity) and technology by source

Lighting DomesticatedSource of Energy No. of

Households of h/h that use clean energy

Percentage of h/h that use clean energy

Electricity Grid 191874 35.70%Electricity Generator 175 0.03%Electricity Solar 11759 2.19%Battery 1333 0.25%LPG 886 0.16%Total 206027 38.33%

HeatingElectricity 30431 5.66%LPG 9309 1.73%Total 39740 7.39%

CookingElectricity 76350 14.21%LPG 159260 29.63%Total 235610 43.84%

TARGET 7.2: By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix

8

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Type7.2.1: Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption 52.1 percent of actual total consumption (2015) SDG

TARGET 7.3: By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency7.3.1: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP

5.81TJ per Million Maloti(2010) SDG

SDG 8: Promote Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent WorkTarget 8.1: Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries8.1.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita 2.4% SDGTARGET 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors8.2.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person 0.00235% SDG

Target 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial servicesIndicator 8.3.1D: Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by region

Urban = 10.03%Rural = 20.01%

(2008)Domesticated

Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value 8.5.2: Unemployment rate, by sex and age National: 25.3

Males = 22.1Females = 27.2

(2008)

SDG

TARGET 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms8.7.1D: Proportion of children aged 6 - 14 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age

Age Group Males Females

Domesticated6 – 9 1.88 0.510 -14 7.68 0.94Total 5.1 0.8

9

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator TypeTarget 8.9: By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products8.9.1: Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate 5.3% of total GDP SDG

8.9.2: Number of jobs in tourism industries as a proportion of total jobs and growth rate of jobs, by sex

11.4% of total employment SDG

Target 8.10: Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all.8.10.1: (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults per 100,000 adults 26 branches per 100,000 adults SDG

SDG 9: Build Resilient Infrastructure; Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Foster InnovationTARGET 9.2: Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries9.2.1: Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita 17.35% SDG

9.2.2 D: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment by sex

Males = 3.4%Females = 14.3 Domesticated

TARGET 9.4: By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities9.4.1D: CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 US$ of GDP) 0.87

(2014) Domesticated

TARGET 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending9.5.1: Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP

0.05284(2015) SDG

TARGET 9.c: Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide network, universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020

10

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator TypeIndicator 9.c.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate (Mobile Teledensity)

119(2016/17) Domesticated

SDG 10: Reduce Inequality within and among CountriesTARGET10.b: Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, Small Island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes10.b.1: Total resource flows for development (US $ Millions)

$113.16 Million(2014) SDG

SDG 11: Make Cities and Human Settlements Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and SustainableTarget 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums11.1.1D: Proportion of households living in informal housing structures by residence

Urban = 3%Peri-Urban = 2.77%

Rural = 1.95%Total = 2.43%

Domesticated

TARGET 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management11.6.2: Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)

27 SDG

SDG 12: Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production PatternsTARGET 12.4: By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment12.4.1D: Percentage of international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that Lesotho is party to

100%(2015) Domesticated

SDG 13: Take Action to Combat Climate ChangeTARGET 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries13.1.1D: Existence of national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

Lesotho has a National Risk Reduction Strategy Domesticated

SDG 15: Protect, Restore and Promote Sustainable Use of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sustainably Manage Forests, Combat Desertification, and Halt and Reverse Land Degradation and Halt Biodiversity LossTARGET 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their

11

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Typeservices, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements15.1.1: Forest area as a proportion of total land area.

1.63%(2015) SDG

15.1.2i: Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type

Terrestrial Biodiversity Area (Ha) Proportion (%)

SDG

Liphofung National Monument and Reserve 4 0.03%

Bokong Nature Reserve 1972 14.27%‘Muela Nature Reserve 45 0.33%National University of Lesotho (botanical garden)

1.5 0.01%

Ts`ehlanyane National Park 5,300 38.36%

Sehlabathebe National Park 6,475 46.86%

Masitise nature reserve 20 0.14%Total Area 13,817.5 100%

TARGET 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

15.2.1D: Planted Forest Area 17,000 ha(2015) Domesticated

Target 15.3: By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world15.3.1: Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area 24.1% SDG

Target 15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species15.5.1D: Number of Local Species in Red List Categories

Lesotho Meadow Katydid is the only animal species listed in the IUCN Red List Index as endangered

Domesticated

Target 15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species15.8.1D: Existence of relevant national legislation Relevant legislation does not exist Domesticated

12

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Typeand adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

(2018)

SDG 16: Promote Peaceful and Inclusive Societies for Sustainable Development, Provide Access to Justice for All and Build Effective, Accountable and Inclusive Institutions At All LevelsTARGET16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere16.1.1D: Number of murder cases reported per 100,000 population

47 cases per 100,000 population(2015) Domesticated

16.1.4D: Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live

65%(2017) SDG

16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children16.2.2D: Number of human trafficking cases reported per 100,000 population

1 human trafficking case reported per 10,000 people (2015)

Domesticated

16.2.3D: Number of Sexual Offence Cases Reported per 100,000 population

86 cases per 100,000 people Domesticated

TARGET 16.3: Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all16.3.2: Un-sentenced detainees as a proportion of overall in-mates population

38.8%(2015) SDG

TARGET 16.5: Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms16.5.1: Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

1%(2014) SDG

TARGET 16.9: By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration 16.5.1: Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age

Males = 42.4%Females = 44.3% SDG

SDG 17: Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable DevelopmentTARGET 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection17.1.1: Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source

Tax Revenue FY 2015/16

SDG24.9Taxes on income, profits, and capital

13.8

13

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator Typegains Income tax - payable by individuals

6.4

Income tax -payable by corporations and other enterprises

4.2

Income tax - unallowable

3.1

Taxes on property 0.0Taxes on goods and services

10.2

Value-added tax 8.4Excise taxes 1.7Taxes on specific services 0.0

Taxes on the use of goods and on permission to use or perform activities

0.1

Taxes on international trade and transactions

0.9

Other taxes 0.017.1.2: Proportion of domestic budget financed by domestic taxes

Tax Revenue FY 2015/16

SDG

43.0Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains

23.8

Income tax - payable by individuals

11.1

14

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator TypeIncome tax -payable by corporations and other enterprises

4.2

Income tax - unallowable

7.3

Taxes on property 0.0

Taxes on goods and services

17.5

Value-added tax 14.4

Excise taxes 2.9

Taxes on specific services

0.1

Taxes on the use of goods and on permission to use or perform activities

0.1

Taxes on international trade and transactions

0.1

Other taxes 0.0

17.4.1: External Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services

4.3%(2016/17) SDG

17.6.2: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

5,636(2016/17) Domesticated

TARGET 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts17.18.2D: Existence of a national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental

Exists a 2001 National Statistical Act that complies with the fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

Domesticated

15

Indicators 2016 Baseline (or nearest year) Indicator TypePrinciples of Official Statistics17.18.3: Existence of a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding

Exists an underfunded NSDS plan (Salaries are paid for by the government but costs of statistical activities are met by the government and development partners on adhoc basis)

Domesticated

TARGET 17.19: By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries17.18.3D: Number of population and housing censuses in the last 10 years

Lesotho carried its last census in 2016 and the census reports are available.

Domesticated

Annex II: Additional Indicators2

Goal 2: 2.1.1A: Food Consumption Score

Goal 3: 3.3.3A: HIV Prevalence3.b.1A: Immunization Coverage by Type

Goal 4: 4.5.1A: Proportion of persons with disability aged five years and above by educational attainment and sex

Annex III: Domesticated Indicators versus Corresponding Traditional SDG Indicator

Domesticated SDG Indicator Original SDG Indicator1.3.1D: Population covered by social protection systems, distinguished by main social protection schemes

1.3.1: Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with

2These are indicators that do not appear in the traditional list of SDG indicators but were included in the baseline report to complement prioritized list.

16

Domesticated SDG Indicator Original SDG Indicatordisabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable


1.5.3: Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

3.9.2D: Case Fatality Rate in Diarrhea & Gastroenteritis by Age and Sex, Lesotho

3.9.2: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)

3.b.1D: Proportion of the population with access to medicines or medical treatment

3.b.1: Proportion of the population with access to affordable medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis

4.1.1D: Grade 6thSACMEQ Reading and Mathematics Achievement Scores

4.1.1: Proportion of children and young people:(a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex

4.2.2D: Net Enrolment Rate at ECCD, by sex 4.2.2: Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sex

4.3.1D: Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) at Higher Education Institutes (HEI)

4.3.1: Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex

4.6.1D: Percentage of population in a given age group that is literate (Literacy Rate)

4.6.1: Percentage of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex

4.c.1D: Proportion of Qualified School Teachers by primary and secondary level

4.c.1: Proportion of teachers in: (a) pre-primary; (b) primary; (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary education who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country


5.2.2: Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age 12 months and place of occurrence

5.c.1D: Existence of systems to track and make public 5.c.1 Proportion of countries with systems to track

17

Domesticated SDG Indicator Original SDG Indicatorallocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment

enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender and make public allocations for gender equality and equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at women’s empowerment all levels

5.b.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate (Mobile Teledensity)

5.b.1: Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex

6.2.1D: The proportion of households with improved toilet facilities

6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water

7.1.2D: Proportion of households with primary reliance on clean fuels (LPG and electricity) and technology by source

7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology

8.3.1D: Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by region

8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by sex

8.7.1D: Proportion and number of children aged 6 - 14 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age

8.7.1: Proportion and number of children aged 5-17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age

9.2.2D: Manufacturing employment (age 10 and above) as a proportion of total employment

9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment

9.4.1D: CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 US$ of GDP) 9.4.1: CO2 emission per unit of value added9.c.1D: Mobile cellular penetration rate (Mobile Teledensity)

9.c.1: Proportion of population covered by a mobile by technology

11.1.1D: Proportion of households living in informal housing structures by residence

11.1.1: Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing

12.4.1D: Percentage of international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that Lesotho is party to

12.4.1: Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement


13.1.1: Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

15.2.1D: Planted Forest Area 15.2.1: Progress towards sustainable forest management

15.5.1D: Number of Local Species in Red List Categories 15.5.1: Red List Index15.8.1D: Existence of relevant national legislation and 15.8.1: Proportion of countries adopting relevant national

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Domesticated SDG Indicator Original SDG Indicatoradequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

Indicator 16.1.1D: Number of murder cases reported per 100,000 population

16.1.1 Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age

16.1.4D: Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live

16.1.4: Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live

16.2.2D: Number of victims of human trafficking cases reported

16.2.2: Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation


16.2.3 Proportion of young women and men aged 18-29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18

17.6.2D: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions 17.6.2D: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

17.18.2D: Existence of a national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

17.18.2 Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies

17.18.3D: Existence of a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding

17.18.3 Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding

17.19.2D: Number of population and housing censuses in the last 10 years

17.19.2 Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration

Annex IV: Prioritised SDG Indicators not reported on due to lack of Data (These exclude domesticated indicators in Annex III)

Goal 1:

1.4.1: Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services

1.5.1: Number of deaths, missing persons and persons in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and affected by disaster per 100,000 people vulnerability to climate-related extreme event

1.5.2: Direct disaster economic loss in relation to a GDP19

Goal 2

2.3.1: Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size

2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture

2.5.2: Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction

Goal 3

3.3.4: Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population.

3.4.1: Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease

3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)

3.8.2: Number of people covered by health insurance or a public health system per 1,000 population

3.b.3: Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis

3.c.1: Health worker density and distribution

Goal 4:

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4.2.1: Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex

4.4.1: Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill

4.7.1: Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (a) national education policies, (b) curricula, (c) teacher education and (d) student assessment

4.a.1: Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)

4.b.1: Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by sector and type of study

Goal 5:

5.2.1: Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former

5.4.1: Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location5.5.2: Proportion of women in managerial positions

5.a.1: (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure

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Goal 6

6.3.1: Proportion of wastewater safely treated

6.3.2: Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality

6.4.1: Change in water-use efficiency over time

6.5.2: Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation

6.6.1: Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

Goal 7

7.b.1: Investments in energy efficiency as a percentage of GDP and the amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfer for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services

Goal 8

8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities

8.6.1: Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training

8.8.1: Frequency rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries, by sex and migrant status

8.10.2: Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider

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8.b.1 Total government spending in social protection and employment programmes as a proportion of the national budgets and GDP

Goal 9

9.1.1: Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road

9.1.2: Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport

9.3.1: Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added

9.b.1: Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added

Goal 10

10.1.1: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population

10.4.1:Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers

10.c.1: Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted

Goal 11

11.4.1: Total expenditure (public and private) per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non-profit sector and sponsorship)

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11.5.1: Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people

11.5.2: Direct disaster economic loss in relation to global GDP, including disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services

11.6.1: Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities

Goal 12

12.4.2: Hazardous waste generated per capita and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment

12.5.1: National recycling rate, tons of material recycled

12.6.1: Number of companies publishing sustainability reports

12.8.1: Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment

12.b.1: Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation tools

12.c.1: Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption) and as a proportion of total national expenditure on fossil fuels

Goal 13

13.1.2: Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people24

Goal 15

15.4.1: Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity

15.4.2: Mountain Green Cover Index

15.a.1: Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems

Goal 16

16.1.2: Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause

(drop)

16.3.1: Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms

16.4.1: Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars)

16.4.2: Proportion of seized small arms and light weapons that are recorded and traced, in accordance with international standards and legal instruments

16.5.2: Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months

16.6.1: Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)

16.6.2: Proportion of the population satisfied with their last experience of public services

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16.7.1: Proportions of positions (by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions

16.7.2: Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group

16.10.1: Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months

16.b.1: Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law

Goal 17

17.3.1: Foreign direct investments (FDI), official development assistance and South-South Cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget

17.3.2: Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP

17.7.1: Total amount of approved funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies

17.8.1: Proportion of individuals using the Internet

17.13.1: Macroeconomic Dashboard

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17.15.1: Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation

17.17.1: Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships

17.18.1: Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

Indicators for reporting Internal, Regionally and Globally

SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsCLUSTER 1

SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERETarget 1.1:1.1.1 Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsto national definitions1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and ageTarget 1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable1.3.1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, new borns, work injury victims and the poor and the vulnerableTarget 1.4: By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenureTarget 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and affected by disaster per 100,000 peoplea vulnerability to climate-related extreme events1.5.2 Direct disaster economic loss in relation to GDP1.5.3 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategiesSDG 2:END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsSECURITY AND IMPROVE NUTRITION AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURETarget2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishmentTarget: 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)Target 2.3: By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise sizeTarget 2.4. By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agricultureTarget 2.5: By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorssoundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinctionTarget 2.a: Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries2.a.1 The agriculture orientation index for government expendituresSGD 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIVES AND PROMOTE WELL-BEING FOR ALL AT ALL AGESTarget 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births3.1.1 Maternal mortality ratio3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnelTarget 3.2: By 2030, end preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births3.2.1 Under-five mortality rate3.2.2 Neonatal mortality rateTarget 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 population3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 populationTarget 3.4: By 2030, reduce by one third

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorspremature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseaseTarget 3.7: By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group3.7.1 Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methodsTarget 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all3.8.1 Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)Target 3.9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)3.9.2 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)Target 3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsaccordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all3.b.1 Proportion of the population with access to affordable medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis3.b.3 Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basisTarget 3.c: Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States3.c.1 Health worker density and distributionTarget 3.d: Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks3.d.1 International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparednessSDG 4: ENUSURE INCLUSIVE AND EQUATABLE QUALITY EDUCATION AND PROMOTE LIFE-LONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALLTarget 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes4.1.1 Proportion of children and young people:(a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sexTarget 4.2: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

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SDGs/Targets/Indicators4.2.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sexTarget 4.3: By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university4.3.1 Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sexTarget 4.4: By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship4.4.1 Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skillTarget 4.5: By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations4.5.1 Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregatedTarget 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy4.6.1 Percentage of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sexTarget 4.7: By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsof cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development4.7.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (a) national education policies, (b) curricula, (c) teacher education and (d) student assessmentTarget 4.a: Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all4.a.1 Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) singlesex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic hand-washing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)Target 4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries4.b.1 Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by sector and type of studyTarget 4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States4.c.1 Proportion of teachers in: (a) pre-primary; (b) primary; (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary education who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given countrySDG 5: ACHIEVE GENGER EQUALITY

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsAND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLSTarget 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women 5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sexTarget 5.2. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrenceTarget 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 185.3.2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by ageTarget 5.4: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and locationTarget 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsparticipation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments5.5.2 Proportion of women in managerial positions5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health careTarget 5.a: Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure5.a.2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or controlTarget 5.b: Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sexTarget 5.c: Adopt and strengthen sound policies5.c.1 Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsPLANET CLUSTERSDG 6: ENSURE AVAILABIITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTR OF WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALLTarget 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water servicesTarget 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and waterTarget 6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water qualityTarget 6.4: By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over timeTarget 6.5: By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through trans-boundary cooperation as appropriate6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management implementation (0-100)6.5.2 Proportion of trans-boundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsTarget 6.6: By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over timeTarget 6.a: By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies6.a.1 Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan6.b.1 Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation managementSDG 12: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNSTarget 12.1: Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries12.1.1 Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policiesTarget 12.3: By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses12.3.1 Global food loss indexTarget 12.4: By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorshealth and the environment12.4.1 Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement12.4.2 Hazardous waste generated per capita and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type oftreatmentTarget 12.5: By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse12.5.1 National recycling rate, tons of material recycledTarget 12.6: Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle12.6.1 Number of companies publishing sustainability reportsTarget 12.7: Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities12.7.1 Number of countries implementing sustainable public procurement policies and action plans12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature12.8.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessmentTarget 12.a : Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production12.a.1 Amount of support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production and environmentally sound technologies12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorssustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products12.b.1 Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation toolsSDG 13: TAKE ACTION TO COMPATE CLIMATE CHANGETarget 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries13.1.1 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies13.1.2 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people13.2.1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning13.3.2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actionsTarget 13.a: Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible

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SDGs/Targets/Indicators13.a.1 Mobilized amount of United States dollars per year starting in 2020 accountable towards the $100 billion commitmentGOAL 15Target 15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem typeTarget 15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest managementTarget 15.3: By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land areaTarget 15.4: By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversityTarget 15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species15.8.1 Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien speciesPEACE CLUSTER

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsSDG 16: PROMOTE PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDE ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL AND BUILD EFFCTIVE, ACCOUNTABLE AND INCLUSIVE INSTITUTIONS AT ALL LEVELSTarget 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere16.1.1 Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age16.1.2 Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause16.1.3 Proportion of population subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months16.1.4 Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they liveTarget 16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children16.2.1 Proportion of children aged 1-17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month16.2.2 Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation16.2.3 Proportion of young women and men aged 18-29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18Target 16.3: Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all16.3.1 Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms16.3.2 Un-sentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison populationTarget 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime16.4.1 Total value of inward and outward illicit

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsfinancial flows (in current United States dollars)16.4.2 Proportion of seized small arms and light weapons that are recorded and traced, in accordance with international standards and legal instrumentsTarget 16.5: Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 monthsTarget 16.6: Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels16.6.1 Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)Target 16.7: Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels16.7.1 Proportions of positions (by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributionsTarget 16.6: Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels16.9.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by ageTarget 16.a : Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime16.a.1 Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris PrinciplesPROSPERITY CLUSTERGOAL 7: ENSURE ACCESS TO AFFODABLE, RELIABLE,

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsSUSTAINABLE AND MODERN ENERGY FOR ALLTarget 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologyTarget 7.2: By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix7.2.1 Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumptionTarget 7.a : By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology7.a.1 International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems7.b.1 Investments in energy efficiency as a percentage of GDP and the amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfer for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services

SDG 8: PROMOTE SUSTANED, INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, FULL AND PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT WORK8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capitaTarget 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation,

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsincluding through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors8.2.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed personTarget 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-,small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by sexTarget 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value8.5.2 Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilitiesTarget 8.6: By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training8.6.1 Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or trainingTarget 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms8.7.1 Proportion and number of children aged 5-17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and ageTarget 8.9: By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products8.9.1 Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate8.9.2 Number of jobs in tourism industries as a proportion of total jobs and growth rate of jobs, by sexSDG 9: BUILD RESIENT INFRASTRUCTURE, PROMOTE INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsINDUSTRIALIZATION AND FOSTER INNOVATIONTarget 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transportTarget 9.2: Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries9.2.1 Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capitaTarget 9.3: Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets9.3.1 Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value addedTarget 9.4: By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of value addedTarget 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending9.5.1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP

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SDGs/Targets/IndicatorsTarget 9.b: Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities9.b.1 Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value addedTarget 9.c: Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide network, universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 20209.c.1 Proportion of population covered by a mobile by technologySDG 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AMONG COUNTRIESTarget 10.b: Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes10.b.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)Target 10.c: By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remittedSDG 11: MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE, SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTANABLETarget 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housingTarget 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage11.4.1 Total expenditure (public and private) per

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorscapita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non-profit sector and sponsorship)Target 11.5: By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations11.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 peopleTarget 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)Target 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities11.7.2 Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 monthsTarget 11.7: By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities11.7.1 Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilitiesTarget 11.a: Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning

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SDGs/Targets/Indicators11.a.1 Proportion of population living in cities that implement urban and regional development plans integrating population projections and resource needs, by size of cityTarget 11.b: By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels11.b.1 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030aPARTNERSHIP CLUSTERSDG 17:STRENGTHEN THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND REVITILISE THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTarget 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection17.1.1 Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source17.1.2 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxesTarget 17.2: Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance (ODA/GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries17.2.1 Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a proportion of

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorsthe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (GNI)17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources17.3.1 Foreign direct investments (FDI), official development assistance and South-South Cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budgetTarget 17.4: Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress17.4.1 Debt service as a proportion of exports ofgoods and servicesTarget 17.6: Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge-sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism17.6.2 Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed17.6.2 Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speedTarget 17.7: Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed17.7.1 Total amount of approved funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and

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SDGs/Targets/Indicatorscommunications technology17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the InternetTarget 17.9: Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the Sustainable Development Goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation17.9.1 Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countriesTarget 17.11:17.11.1 Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global exportsTarget 17.17: Encourage and promote effective public, private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships17.17.1 Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts17.18.2 Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics17.18.3 Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of fundingTarget 17.19: By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries17.19.1 Dollar value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries

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SDGs/Targets/Indicators17.19.2 Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registratione5

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sustainable development goals baseline report · web viewthe agenda contains 17 sustainable...

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