sustainable design principles
TRANSCRIPT
Sustainable Design Principles
The U.S. Green Building Council
Mission:
• to promote the design and construction of buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable and healthy places to live and work
The U.S. Green Building Council
National non-profit organization
Diverse membership of organizations
Integrate building design sectors
Lead market transformation
Educate owners & practitioners
LEED Green Building Rating System
Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency
Energy & Atmosphere
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental
Quality
Innovation & Design Process
Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
Sustainable Sites
Intent:Limit expansion of developed areas, preserve ecologically productive land
Prevent site disturbance during construction
Do not develop on inappropriate sites
Develop in areas with existing infrastructure, not greenfields
Redevelop brownfield sites
site selection
Sustainable Sites
Intent:Reduce emissions & land development impacts from vehicle use
Public transportation access
Bicycle storage & changing rooms
Preferred parking for fuel efficient vehicles & carpools
Reduce parking capacity (minimum zoning requirements)
transportation
Sustainable Sites
Intent:Reduce pollutants & strain on infrastructure,
Reduce stormwater quantity, improve quality (wetlands & vegetated filtration)
Maximize open areas on the site
Protect or restore habitat Eliminate heat island
effect Light pollution reduction
stormwater / development
Water Efficiency
Intent:Eliminate potable water use for irrigation, reduce demand on infrastructure & natural resources
Use native vegetation Capture rainwater for
irrigation Eliminate site irrigation
systems Reuse condensate water
from HVAC systems
landscaping
Water Efficiency
Intent:Eliminate potable water demand for conveying wastewater
Treat wastewater on-site Use stormwater/graywater
for sewage conveyance Use high efficiency/dry
fixtures Reduce demand on
infrastructure
wastewater
Water Efficiency
Intent:Conserve water – it is a natural resource
Standard:Energy Policy Act of 2005
Use high efficiency/dry fixtures
Recycle graywater Dual flush toilets/low flow
shower heads
reduce water consumption
Energy & Atmosphere
Intent:Many systems are designed correctly, but installed or operated improperly
A quality-oriented process for achieving, verifying and documenting the performance of facilities, systems and assemblies to meet defined objectives and criteria
Cost of fundamental commissioning +/- $1/SF
Owner develops project requirements
Designer develops basis of design
commissioning
Commissioning
Energy & Atmosphere
Commissioning requirements should be incorporated into the construction documents
Enhanced commissioning includes systems manuals, training & a 10-month review
commissioning
Commissioning
Energy & Atmosphere
Intent:Reduce energy consumption (reduces pollution)
Includes building envelope, HVAC, lighting
Minimum standard:ASHRAE 90.1-2007
Up to 19 points available for 48% energy reduction
Over 20,000 SF requires whole building energy simulation
optimize energy performance
Energy & Atmosphere
Building orientation, improved building shell
Appropriately-sized HVAC systems
Energy recovery from exhaust air
Harvest on-site energy: solar, wind, geothermal
optimize energy performance
Energy & Atmosphere
Intent:CFC’s deplete the ozone layer
No CFC’s permitted, phase out of old facilities
Reduce use of CFC’s, HCFC’s, HFC’s
Consider use of natural refrigerants: carbon dioxide, ammonia, propane
reduce refrigerants
Energy & Atmosphere
Maintain equipment: prevent leakage into the atmosphere
Depleted ozone layer permits ultraviolet rays to penetrate the atmosphere
reduce refrigerants
Energy & Atmosphere
Intent:Measure building energy consumption over time
Establish a base year of operation
Compare future performance to the base
M&V period starts after reasonable occupation & stability
measure & verify
Energy & Atmosphere
Intent:Promote alternative energy sources
Purchase at least 35% of electricity from Green-e certified provider
Tradable renewable energy certificates (REC’s) can be used
green power
Materials & Resources
Intent:Reduce materials extracted, reduce their transportation
Reduce: materials extracted
Reuse: existing products Recycle: demolition &
construction waste
ReStore: Habitat for Humanity
Regional: sustainable for the environment & the economy
the 3 R’s + 2
Materials & Resources
Intent:Reduce waste hauled to & disposed of in landfills
During construction: develop waste management plan
Operation: provide an area within the building for storage & collection of recyclables
Minimum: paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastic & metals
recycling
Materials & Resources
Intent:Extend life cycle of existing buildings, reduce impact of new buildings as they relate to materials & transportation
Reuse structure & envelope Reuse interior partitions &
products where possible Do not reuse contaminants
& hazardous materials Upgrade HVAC, windows &
plumbing fixtures for increased efficiency
building reuse
Materials & Resources
Intent:Reuse building materials, reduce demand for virgin materials
“One man’s trash….” Consider furnishings Other options: posts &
beams, flooring, doors, brick, cabinetry
materials reuse
Materials & Resources
Intent:Reduce demand for virgin materials
Post-consumer: generated by households & businesses
Pre-consumer: generated by manufacturing process
Many suppliers list recycled content
Establish goals during the design phase
recycled content
Materials & Resources
Example:Steelcase “Context” furniture
40% recycled content 8% post-consumer
recycled content 92% recyclable Context also incorporates
water-based adhesives with low VOC’s
recycled content
Materials & Resources
Intent:Reduce impact of transportation
Options: concrete, block, brick, wood products
West Virginia is in a great location (500 mile radius)
Creates healthier local economy
regional materials
Materials & Resources
Intent:Reduce depletion of finite raw materials
10-year plant-to-harvest cycle
Options: bamboo, wool, linoleum, cork, wheatboard, even poplar
rapidly renewable materials
Materials & Resources
Intent:Encourage environmentally responsible forest management
Current standard: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Most West Virginia forests adhere to Sustainable Forest Initiative (SFI) standard
USGBC is reviewing this credit to possibly include SFI
certified woods
Indoor Environmental Quality
Intent:Enhance indoor air quality in buildings
Indoor air can be 2-5 times more polluted than outdoor air
Prevent “sick building syndrome”
Standard for fresh air:ASHRAE 62.1-2007
Eliminate or contain tobacco smoke
minimum performance
IAQ
Indoor Environmental Quality
Intent:We all need fresh air!
Measure fresh air delivery Increase natural
ventilation… can be difficult while reducing energy use
Monitor air quality during construction to keep workers safe
Protect systems during construction
ventilation
IAQ
Indoor Environmental Quality
Intent:Reduce harmful contaminants released by many materials
Adhesives & sealants (GreenSeal standard)
Paints/stains (low VOC) Flooring (Green Label,
Floor Score) Composite wood (no urea
formaldehyde)…remember Katrina trailers
materials
Indoor Environmental Quality
Intent:Minimize exposure to pollutants in the indoor environment
Entryway systems Housekeeping, copy/print
rooms & laundry areas: separate HVAC systems
MERV 13 filters
reduce pollutants
Indoor Environmental Quality
Intent:Promote productivity, comfort & well-being of occupants
Controllability of lighting & HVAC systems
Set increased HVAC design parameters for temperature & humidity
Give a majority of occupants access to daylight & views
occupant comfort
Innovation & Design Process
Intent:Be rewarded for exceptional performance above LEED requirements
Innovation Education of the users &
general public Life cycle cost analysis
additional items…
Initial
Cost
Service
Costs
Prevent.
Main. Costs
Operating Costs
Disposal
Costs
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Awarded commission in October 2000 Presented green design study to the Superintendent in
2002 Incorporated affordable green design features Construction bids received in March 2004 Building occupied fall term 2006
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Sustainable Sites:
Building orientation Erosion and
sedimentation control Stormwater
management Stormwater filtering Holding pond
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Explored, but not incorporated:
Bicycle storage Reflective roof to combat
heat island effect Bid add alternate was $95K –
not accepted Preferred parking for
energy efficient vehicles Could be implemented now at
no cost
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Water efficiency:
No landscape irrigation Water use reduction
Dual flush fixtures Water saving fixtures
Explored, but not incorporated:
Graywater system Bid add alternate was $200K,
not accepted Graywater sprinkler system
Bid add alternate was $250K, not accepted
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Energy & Atmosphere:
High efficiency equipment Condensing boilers (95%+
efficient) Chiller heat recovery Fluorescent lighting, high CRI
CFC reduction No ozone-depleting
refrigerants
Explored, but not incorporated: Full system commissioning
Estimated cost was $200K Measurement & verification
Estimated cost was $20K
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Materials & Resources:
Storage & collection of recyclables Educational opportunities of
recycling Local & regional materials
Explored, but not incorporated:
Construction waste recycling Estimated cost was $50K
Rapidly renewable materials Wood from managed forests
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Indoor environmental quality:
CO2 monitoring/control Construction IAQ
management Low VOC-emitting
adhesives, paints & carpets
HVAC digital control system
Daylighting Building orientation Automatic light level control Benefits of natural light Reduce energy consumption
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Cost breakdown:
Sustainable Sites Nominal
Water Efficiency Estimated at $50K
Energy & Atmosphere Estimated at $50K
Materials & Resources Nominal
Indoor Environmental Quality Estimated at $625K
(daylighting & lighting controls make up $600K of this cost)
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
First costs vs. long-term benefits:
First cost of green features $700,000 $3.23 per square foot
Percent of construction costs $700,000$31,400,000
= 2.25%
ZMM Case StudiesLincoln County High School
Long-term benefits:
Lower natural gas consumption
Lower water consumption Lower electricity
consumption Longer life of HVAC
equipment Lower absenteeism Higher student & teacher
performance Much better indoor air
quality Lower impact on the
environment
ZMM Case StudiesWV State Office Buildings 5, 6 & 7
Sustainable Sites:
The project site has access to public transportation
A bicycle storage & shower area (potentially a campus-wide facility) should be developed to encourage bicycle commuting for employees who live nearby
Prime parking areas should be developed for employees who carpool, as well as for alternative fuel vehicles
The new roof will be highly reflective to reduce heat island effect
ZMM Case StudiesWV State Office Buildings 5, 6 & 7
Water Efficiency:
Low flow & dual flush fixtures will be used throughout
All new landscaping plans should utilize native vegetation
ZMM Case StudiesWV State Office Buildings 5, 6 & 7
Energy & Atmosphere:
New windows will help reduce solar heat gain
New, more efficient HVAC system will replace the perimeter induction units
Systems will be commissioned to ensure that all mechanical and electrical systems operate properly
ZMM Case StudiesWV State Office Buildings 5, 6 & 7
Materials & Resources:
Recycling areas are developed for each floor, and should be developed for the entire campus
A recycling program should be established, and all employees educated in the process
A construction waste management plan will be implemented Included in the specifications Has already included recycling
of the demolished demountable partitions
ZMM Case StudiesWV State Office Buildings 5, 6 & 7
Materials & Resources:
Recycled content materials will be utilized, including drywall, steel & acoustic ceiling tiles
Locally & regionally produced materials will be used, including acoustic ceiling tiles, plywood,carpeting & resilient flooring
Cradle-to-Cradle certified furniture systems are specified
Raised floor with a modular, “plug & play” wiring system will eliminate future demolition waste
ZMM Case StudiesWV State Office Buildings 5, 6 & 7
Indoor Environmental Quality:
Smoking will be prohibited near entryways & near air intakes
An indoor air quality (IAQ) management plan will be implemented during construction
Air quality will be measured & verified in all occupied areas to ensure that occupants are receiving enough fresh air
All paints, mastics & sealants will contain low VOC’s
Regular replacement of mechanical filters should be implemented
Final thoughts….
SUSTAINABILITY
It’s not about doing
less…
It’s about designing
better!
2008