FIDIC 2005 ANNUAL CONFERENCEFIDIC 2005 ANNUAL CONFERENCESustainable Engineering – Global Leadership, Sustainable Engineering – Global Leadership,

Beijing 4 – 8 September 2005Beijing 4 – 8 September 2005

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN TSUNAMI AFFECTED AREASTSUNAMI AFFECTED AREAS

Subhash MehrotraSubhash Mehrotra

PresidentPresidentConsulting Engineers Association of IndiaConsulting Engineers Association of India

Workshop 4, Tuesday September 6, 2005DISASTER MITIGATION AND REMEDIATION

An earthquake of magnitude 9.0 to 9.3 on December 26th, An earthquake of magnitude 9.0 to 9.3 on December 26th, 2004 erupted a devastating Tsunami in the Indian Ocean.2004 erupted a devastating Tsunami in the Indian Ocean.

• Huge loss of Human Life

• Loss of Habitation

•Loss of Infrastructure

•Damage to the Eco-System

Rehabilitation works :-Rehabilitation works :-

• Short Term (Temporary shelters)

• Long Term (Permanent Resettlement)

which shall be based upon Sustainable principles.

• Sustainable rehabilitation development uses :-

Minimum available resources

Provides comfortable living conditions and

Minimises negative impact on the environment

Integrated Approach

• Climate responsive architecture

• Sustainable principles at site planning level

• Energy conservation through passive strategies

• Earthquake Resistant Structural Design

• Water management

• Waste management at site level.

Generic GuidelinesGeneric Guidelines

• Climate Responsive ArchitectureCollect the climate data Provide comfort to the local inhabitant Utilize minimum non- renewable resources.

• Sustainable Site PlanningEnsure minimum site disruptionMaximum usage of micro climatic featuresMinimum requirement for site transportation Appropriate landscape design and Suitable erosion and sedimentation control plans.

• Energy Conservation techniques

Reduction of energy demand through passive strategiesSystem OptimizationRenewable Energy Forms

• Building Material Selection

Select materials with low embodied energy content. Use of locally available materials and technologies.Increase use of building products that have recycled content Use adhesives with no/low VOC (volatile organic compounds) emission

• Earthquake resistant structural design

Simple and regular configuration in plan and elevation.Adequate lateral strength, stiffness and ductility.

Important factor 1.5 should be considered for Tsunami affected areas lying in Earthquake zone for the following:-

Buildings earmarked for disaster management.Schools, collegesHospitals, nursing home etc.Places of large Assembly.

• Water Management

Recycle and reuse of waterRainwater harvesting to recharge ground waterLow cost and environment friendly waste water treatment system

• Waste management

Segregation of waste at source.Waste treatment to generate electricity

Some Rehabilitation Works

Corrugated tin sheet shelters built in Allappad, Kerala, India.

• Some Rehabilitation Works

Shelters built in Aratupuzha, Kerala, India. Long halls with plywood partitions and no kitchen.

Outside view Inside view

Nagapattinam, IndiaNagapattinam, India

Permanent shelters are being planned.

They are in different stages of progress.

1300 families affected in the village Pazhayar, Nagapattinum, India.

Temporarily shifted to 4 km. from affected site area.

New site allotted 800mts away and at same sea level of the affected area.

Fisher men are objecting to this.

But Boat owners prefer site near the sea, so that fisher men can work efficiently.

This is being examined further.

The site at Port-Blair, India is being leveled on hillock. It is about 100ft higher than sea level. This site will be used for any future Tsunami. In the existing shed also about 2500 persons took shelter during tsunami on 26 December,2004.

Part of land has gone down by 2’-6” and the seawater has come in this portion.Before tsunami the builder had sold plots in the now sunken area where sea

water has come.

Sustainable development of Tsunami affected areas is an ambitious project.

It would face lot of hurdles and problems in selection of site, allotment to the beneficiary, conflicting interests of various stakeholders etc.

Tsunami took five to ten seconds of actual time to destroy thousands of communities. However, it will take five to ten years to rebuild.

Concluding Remarks