IP FORTE

Theme: Sustainability3.3.2009, Valencia, Spain

Copyright Susanna Saari / TUAS / 2009

Susanna SaariM.Soc.Sc.

Turku University ofApplied Sciences

Definition of sustainability

”Development that meets the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

(Brundtland Commission,1987)

Background •Rio environmental conference at 1992•Local Agenda 21 as a basis for all

development involving local citizens, local entrepreneurs and companies etc. in all development and planning at their own municipality.

Dimensions of sustainability

•Ecological•Sosio-cultural•Economical•Ethical

Ecological sustainability

Main factors:

• To prevent climate change

• To secure biodiversity (= flora & fauna)• Reasonable use of nature and its’

resources

Socio-cultural sustainability

•Population impacts•Transformation of labour market•Changes in community characteristics

and structure•Impacts at individual and family level•Impacts on natural and cultural

resources

Ratz & Puczko (2002), The Impacts of Tourism

Economical sustainability

•Is growth on long run (=No quick profits)•We use the resources respecting the

carrying capacity of the nature•Ecological and economical sustainability

are not contra dictionary!

Ethical sustainability

• A discussion about our values in life and how they have changed (or how they are changing)

• . :What do you think about e g– ?Genetic engineering

– ?Cloning

– Producing “s pare parts ” for humans and?animals

• How can food be produced in an ethical way?

The Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy

• Was adopted by the European Council in June 2006. • It is an overarching strategy for all EU policies which sets out how

we can meet the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

• The Sustainable Development Strategy deals in an integrated way with economic, environmental and social issues and lists the following seven key challenges:

1. Climate change and clean energy 2. Sustainable transport 3. Sustainable consumption and production 4. Conservation and management of natural resources 5. Public health 6. Social inclusion, demography and migration 7. Global poverty

http://ec.europa.eu/sustainable/welcome/index_en.htm

Why sustainability?From marketing perspective (= tourism companies):

1. The need to attract and satisfy increasingly sophisticate consumer segments in hospitality demanding all aspects of high product quality, especially the quality of environment

2. The competitive and PR/image advantages that flow from more sustainable practise

3. Investment in the maintenance of environmental resources for the same reasons that all businesses maintain and enhance their capital assets.

Management tools

1. Product2. Price3. Promotion4. Place (or

distribution)5. People

•Recognize

•Refuse

•Reduce

•Replace

•Re-use

•Recycle

•Re-engineer

•Retrain

•Reward

•Re-educate

10 ’ :R s

What damage do hotels & restaurants do?

• CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions

• CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) emissions

• Noise, smoke, smells• Health of staff• Waste energy• Waste water• Waste food

• Waste disposal• Agricultural ecology• Purchasing policies• Transportation policies• Sale of souvenirs made

from endangered species• Location of hotels in

fragile locations

Kirk, D. (1997). Environmental Management for hotels

"Good environmental management is fully comparable with good

business practise;

Either protect the environmentthat is the basis of your industry,

or have no industry to worry about."

Malaria, the world's large s t kille r, has re surface d in S pain, and it is e s timate d that change s in c limate will re sult in parts of the country be coming a suitable habitat for malaria-carry ing spe cie s of mosquito by the 2020s .S ource : WWF [PDF]

An ave rage golf course in a tropical country such as Thailand ne e ds 1500kg of che mical fe rtiliz e rs , pe s ticide s and he rbic ide s pe r ye ar and use s as much wate r as 60,000 rural v illage rs . S ource : Tourism Conce rn

The Wide r Caribbe an Re g ion, s tre tching from Florida to Fre nch Guiana, re ce iv e s 63,000 port calls from ships e ach ye ar, and the y ge ne rate 82,000 tons of garbage . About 77% of all ship was te come s from cruise v e sse ls .

The ave rage cruise ship carrie s 600 cre w me mbe rs and 1,400 passe nge rs . On ave rage , passe nge rs on a cruise ship e ach account for 3.5 kilograms of garbage daily - compare d with the 0.8 kilograms e ach ge ne rate d by the le ss we ll-e ndowe d folk on shore . S ource : Our Plane t,

The Unite d Nations Food and Agriculture Organization e s timate s that of the se v e nte e n major fishe rie s are as in the world, four are de ple te d and the othe r thirte e n are e ithe r fishe d to capacity or ove rfishe d.

Comme rcial marine fishe rie s in the Unite d S tate s discard up to 20 billion pounds of non-targe t fish e ach ye ar-- twice the catch of de s ire d comme rcial and re cre ational fishing combine d.

S ource : Oce an Plane t

The re are 109 countrie s with coral re e fs . In 90 of the m re e fs are be ing damage d by cruise ship anchors and se wage , by touris ts bre aking off chunks of coral, and by comme rcial harve s ting for sale to touris ts .

One s tudy of a cruise ship anchor droppe d in a coral re e f for one day found an are a about half the s iz e of a football fie ld comple te ly de s troye d, and half again as much cove re d by rubble that die d late r. It was e s timate d that coral re cove ry would take fifty ye ars .S ource : Oce an Plane t

• - Sus tainable food products s upport the long term maintenance of ecos ys tems and agriculture for future

. generations

• Organic agriculture prohibits the us e of toxic s ynthetic , , , pes tic ides and fertilizers irradiation s ewage s ludge and

. genetic engineering

• Locally grown foods reduce the amount of pollution . as s oc iated with trans portation primarily by fos s il fue ls

• - Plant bas ed foods require fewer natural res ources and .create les s pollution per calorie cons umed

: Source , GRA Green Res taurants As s ociation

”We do not inherit the world from our ancestors,

we borrow it from our children”

KiitosMerci

Dank jeA ič ū

GraciasThank You